Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Effets négatifs'
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Dupuis, Christian. "Les effets négatifs de la stratégie d’extension de marque : l'impact du niveau de fidélité." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9012.
Turmel, Marie-Josée. "L'engagement affectif des employés dans le milieu de la santé examens des effets positifs et négatifs potentiels." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2789.
Mihaila, Vasile. "Nouvelle conception des bobinages statoriques des machines à courant alternatif pour réduire les effets négatifs des dV/dt." Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0212/document.
The emergence of the concept of a more electric aircraft requires a major overhaul of onboard grid. The main developed axis is based on an increase in the grid voltage and a switch to DC bus. In this context, the onboard electric actuators are supplied through power electronic converters that will impose very fast voltage fronts and particular constraints in the windings of the machines. The transient over-voltages that follow the steep-fronted pulses are the source of intense electric fields which may exceed the partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) and cause a rapid deterioration of polymer based insulators. This thesis focuses on the study of a new design method of the windings in order to reduce problems of partial discharges. An experimental device developed in this framework reproduces the constraints of modern converters and allows measuring the turn-to-turn voltages of a coil. The experimental study shows the phenomena to be considered with this type of power supply and gives an idea of possible areas for optimization. A predictive model able to give the distribution of turn-to-turn voltages, in response to a steep-fronted voltage, helps to identify critical points. The constitutive parameters of this model were determined using analytical, experimental and numerical methods. Given the complexity of the model, an automated numerical tool has been developed in order to simulate the model of studied coils. Several types of coil have been analyzed and optimized successfully. This optimization consists in reducing the turn-to-turn voltages by acting on the arrangement of the wires in the slots. The use of optimized coils with this method allows envisaging a significantimprovement in the reliability of electrical machines
Valiorgue, Bertrand. "La construction organisationnelle de la responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise : une étude de la contribution des middle managers à l'internalisation des effets externes négatifs." Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2008_out_valiorgue_b.pdf.
Last years have been concerned by numerous institutional calls for corporate social responsibility. These institutional calls are usually welcomed by senior managers who assume to put their firms in the path of corporate social responsibility. The stakeholders expectancies and the reduction of collateral damages are entire parts of the strategies. Our aim in this doctoral work is to understand who a firm become socially responsible and more precisely how a firm reduce its « social costs ». We observe what are the process and actors involveld in the construction of corporate social responsibility. Our observations are concentrated on middle managers who seem to be central performers in the negative external effect reduction process
Joanisse, Mélanie. "Les chauffeurs du dimanche : un examen empirique des effets des stéréotypes négatifs sur les réactions au volant des conducteurs âgés en contexte de simulation." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22789.
Diouf, Rose Mama. "Enjeux éthiques de l'usage des réseaux sociaux numériques par les jeunes : étude comparative entre des Sénégalais et des Français." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0289.
In our research, we question the ethical stakes of the use of digital social networks by young people. In other words, what is at stake, from an ethical point of view, in the quest for and the construction of an online identity, what are the implications and the problems linked to representations, behaviors and new online citizenship? This is an interdisciplinary study at the crossroads of information and communication sciences and philosophy. From a hermeneutic epistemological perspective, we have opted for a plural methodology that implements a qualitative empirical study and leads to a critical reflection and a philosophical perspective on the results of the investigation. The latter consisted in conducting semi-structured interviews with thirty Senegalese and thirty French people aged between eighteen and twenty-one years and then, among other things, comparing the results of the two populations of different cutures. This work studies in particular the link between the digital presence of the socionaut and his cultural belonging. Then, it highlights the differences and similarities of the questions raised according to the two cultures and according to socio-economic parameters. Finally, it highlights the need for ethical thinking in the field of digital use by young people. We discuss the results of the empirical study in the light of philosophical theories on identity and the ethics of communication and responsibility. Finally, we suggest the establishment of a public body in Senegal responsible for questioning the ethics of Internet use by young people
Schiesko, Loïc. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de l'interaction plasma-surface : gaines anodiques, cathodiques et application à la génération d'ions négatifs." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX11070.
Martin, Marie-Françoise. "Bactéries à gram négatif aérobies strictes non fermentantes : étude épidémiologique et sensibilité aux antibiotiques." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P081.
Čabuz, Alexandru Ioan. "Métamatériaux électromagnétiques : des cristaux photoniques aux structures à indice négatif." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20197.
The study of electromagnetic media has historically been an essentially passive endeavor, in the sense that the structures being studied were naturally occurring, and the physicist attempted to model and understand their behavior. The work was mainly one of observation. However, over the last two decades, the advances of modern technology have opened up a possibility which had not been imagined previously: the design of new, non-naturally occurring media with surprising, exotic, properties. The physicist no longer simply observed existing materials, but could design and create new ones. In this work I discuss the modeling of the two most important types of structures that have come out of the electromagnetic medium revolution: photonic crystals and composite metamaterials. Photonic crystals are periodic dielectric structures operating at wavelengths that are on the same scale as the periodicity. Their strong spatial dispersive properties have given rise to numerous applications. In particular I discuss the super-prism effect and show that by using crystals with rectangular unit cells it is possible to improve the transmission efficiency into such structures considerably. Composite metamaterials are periodic metal-dielectric structures operating at wavelengths larger than the structure period. If properly designed these structures behave as homogeneous media described by effective permittivity and permeability parameters. These effective parameters can be designed to take values in domains that are not available in naturally occurring media; notably it is possible to design composite metamaterials with simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability, or, in other words, with a negative refractive index. In the existing literature one commonly finds numerical or experimental studies claiming to have demonstrated the existence of a negative index of refraction in a given structure without providing sufficient arguments that an effective medium model is justified at the operating wavelength for the given structure. In this work I take a detailed look at the assumptions on which effective medium models rely and put forward a method for determining frequency domains where a given structure may or may not be accurately described by simply specifying effective medium parameters
Viala, Stéphane. "Effets de la compressibilité et d'un gradient de pression négatif sur la couche limite turbulente." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ESAE0001.
Chaibi, Walid. "Microscopie de photodétachement : rôle du gradient de champ électrique et effet du champ magnétique." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112325.
This thesis aims at identifying and determining the physical phenomena which could reduce the accuracy of the electron affinity measurements provided by the photodetachment microscope. The first point deals with the effect of the gradient of the electric field within the interaction zone. It is shown that this effect explains the dispersion of the measurements. We have applied some statistical methods to data taken while following a new acquisition method. Hence, we were able to recommend a new value of the electronic affinity of sulfur with a 2. 4 10-7 accuracy, which becomes the most accurately known electron affinity. With similar purposes, a two-colour laser technique has been developed for photodetachment microscopy. It is shown that the superposition of the two resulting interference patterns can be used as a “spectral vernier” to determine the electron affinity with no a priori knowledge of the applied electric field. We also studied the effect of a residual magnetic field on the interference phase. Using the semi classical theory, some perturbative calculations are realised and show that the interference phase remains unchanged in our experimental conditions. In order to check the reliability of our calculations, we installed magnetic coils capable of creating a magnetic field in all direction of space. No effect on the phase interference was observed. Finally, a preliminary study of photodetachment microscopy with a p wave is described. Using a new sputtering ion source, we obtained classical images, which enable us to measure the electron affinity of gold
Ulldemolins, Michel. "Étude du silicium et du germanium sous forme de couche mince en tant qu’électrode négative de (micro)accumulateur lithium-ion." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14944/document.
Silicon which has a theoretical capacity of 3579 mAh.g-1 and low insertion/deinsertion potentials is one of the most promising candidates to replace graphite as a negative electrode in lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, silicon could replace lithium in microbatteries to make them compatible with the solder-reflow. However, this high capacity associated with a dense material leads to high volumetric variations which are a starting point to various issues resulting in poor cycle performances. During this thesis, electrochemical behavior of silicon is evaluated on thin films electrodes. This allows avoiding the use of binder and charges, and it leads to better cycle performances which emphasizes slow phenomenon, not yet measurable on conventional composite electrode
Billant, Olivier. "Utilisation de la levure S. cerevisiae pour déchiffrer les mécanismes de l'effet dominant-négatif affectant la famille de gènes suppresseurs de tumeurs p53, p63 et p73." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0055/document.
P53 is a ubiquitous tumor suppressor gene that prevents damaged cells from proliferating. Following DNA damage or cellular stress, p53 induces a cell cycle arrest and initiates an attempt to repair the lesions. If the repair fails, p53 triggers the apoptosis of the cell. p53 shares a high homology with two other tumor suppressor genes: p63 and p73. Together they form a family of transcription factors, which are actively protecting the organism from tumor development. This defense network is enriched by multiple N-terminal and C-terminal isoforms of p53, p63 and p73. The loss of p53, p63 and p73 tumor suppression function is a key step of cancer progression. Mutants of p53 and isoforms of p53, p63 and p73 often exhibit a dominant-negative behavior resulting in the loss of p53 tumor suppression activity. However, the extent of the dominant-negative effect within p53 family remains unclear. The mechanisms behind the dominant-negative effect are also debated due to the recent emergence of a prion-like hypothesis. Finally, the dominant-negative effect of p53 family members could be involved in other pathologies such as p63-related developmental syndromes During this PhD, I studied the functional consequences of hotspot mutations of p53 and of the main isoforms of the p53 family on the transcriptional activity of p53, p63 and p73. Using the naïve eukaryotic model S. cerevisiae we have demonstrated that the dominant-negative effect of mutants and isoforms of the p53 family relies on the formation of hetero-tetramers between functional and non-functional members of the family but not on a prion-like mechanism. In addition, certain p53 mutants are able to interfere with p63 and p73 isoforms though a mechanism that is only partially based on tetramerization. Of note, we obtained preliminary results suggesting that mutants of p63, which are involved in EEC, ADULT and NSCL1 developmental syndromes, behave like dominant-negative hotspot mutants of p53. The identification of the mechanisms of the dominant-negative effect occurring within p53 family could lead to new therapeutic targets both in cancer and in rare developmental syndromes.1 EEC : ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip/palate syndrome, ADULT : acro-dermato-ungual-lacrimal-tooth syndrome, NSCL : non-syndromic cleft lip
Gaychet, Sylvain. "Modélisation des décharges couronnes négatives : Application à la précipitation électrostatique." Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU3038.
Electrostatic precipitation presents many advantages from the nuclear wastes treatment's point of view. Indeed, this kind of process can capture submicronic particles without producing secondary wastes (no filter media) and without pressure looses in the exhaust circuit. The work presented in this thesis concerns the study of negative corona discharges in air at atmospheric pressure occurring in an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) developed by the CEA (Atomic Energy Committee). The aim of this study is to determine how the electrostatic precipitation dedicated phenomena, especially the specific high voltage generator, the gas temperature and the fact that particles are flowing through the gap then collapsing on the electrodes, modify the discharge to improve the efficiency of ESPs. This work is based on a fundamental experimental study of the negative corona discharge and on numerical simulations of this discharge under conditions close to those of the lab scale ESP developed by the CEA
Ménou, Denis. "Renutrition adjuvante des bronchopneumopathies suppurées à bacille gram négatif : effets de la pentoxifylline chez 17 personnes âgées." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2M160.
Jallais, Christophe. "Effets des humeurs positives et négatives sur les structures de connaissances de type script." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT3004.
Most of the works undertaken on the cognition – emotion interaction concerned the study of simple words but few research were interested in the impact of the emotional variations on activation and its propagation within the general knowledge like scripts. The objective of this research consists in studying the impact of moods obtained by induction on the organization of scripts in memory. Four experiments (script generation, generating graded structures, naming actions in automatic and strategic conditions) were carried out in order to test the differential effects of positive and negative moods on these general knowledge. Generally, the results highlight a difference in the access and the organization of the various actions of script according to the centrality between positive and negative moods. The idea of cognitive reorganization in positive mood revealed for the concepts is checked here for scripts
Salver-Disma, Florence. "Effets du broyage mécanique sur les carbones : matériaux d'électrodes négatives pour accumulateurs au lithium." Amiens, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AMIE0101.
Bobinet, Christelle. "Effet in vitro des associations pipéracilline-tazobactam et fluoroquinolones sur les bacilles à gram négatif." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2P065.
Moreau-Klein, Anne. "Valeur prédictive du taux d'endotoxine dans les lavages bronchoalvéolaires pour le diagnostic d'infections pulmonaires nosocomiales à bactéries Gram négatif." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P060.
Stolar, David. "Expression phénotypique et difficulté de détection de la méticillino-résistance chez les staphylocoques à coagulase négative." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P179.
Caupin, Frédéric. "Cavitation dans l'hélium 3 : un liquide de Fermi à pression négative." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00000905.
Mabrouk, Nesrine. "Effet anti-tumoral du GTN +/- doxorubicine dans le cancer du sein triple négatif : implication du système immunitaire." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1f1d033c-28a0-48c8-a8c4-e49ea46a9f18.
Breast cancer (BC) is a highly complex, heterogeneous and multifactorial disease. Compared to other subtypes, triple negative (TNBC) represents one of the most advanced stages of the disease, and is characterized by a strong inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity and a high mutational burden, making treatments very difficult and inefficient. The absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors expression, and the absence of HER2 receptor overexpression, makes chemotherapy (example: doxorubicin), the prior treatment in patients with this type of BC. Unfortunately, the complete anatomopathological response rate, in response to these chemotherapies, rarely exceeds 50% with a long-term benefit affecting only 30 to 50% of patients. The LIIC laboratory in which I did my thesis aims to show that a donor of nitric oxide (NO), glyceryl trinitritrate (GTN), a drug used in cardiology, can improve the therapeutic efficacy of anti-cancerous chemotherapy. The aim of my thesis project was therefore to determine whether the association of GTN with doxorubicin could potentiate the antitumor activity of this chemotherapy in TNBC, and to determine the mechanism by which this combination acts by emphasizing the immune microenvironment in general, and more particularly on immunosuppressive myeloid cells, MDSCs.The results showed that the association of GTN with doxorubicin significantly improved the anti-tumor efficacy of this chemotherapy, in a TNBC model induced by the injection of 4T1 breast cells. This effect is due, in part, to the ability of GTN to increase the differentiation of LTCD4 + in the anti-tumor linage Th1, to increase the intra-tumor recruitment of CD8 + / PD-1 + cells and of G-MDSCs down-expressing PD-L1. Nevertheless, the main mechanism by which GTN acts is essentially based on its ability to reprogram, in the presence of ROS, these G-MDSCs towards a less immunosuppressive phenotype. Indeed, the results revealed that GTN, via the S-nitrosylation of STAT5, was able to modulate the lipid metabolism of these cells, which is dependent on the protein FATP2 (Fatty Acid Transport Protein 2). Thus, a decrease in FATP2, as well as all the upstream (STAT5) and downstream (PGE2) components of this signaling pathway was observed in response to GTN +/- doxorubicin. All of these effects were inhibited in the presence of an ROS inhibitor, the N-acetyl cysteines (NAC). NAC also significantly delayed tumor progression when used in combination with doxorubicin / GTN.This work, based on the use of two molecules commonly used in the clinic, undoubtedly opens up a new treatment perspective for patients with TNBC and this combination can quickly be offered to clinicians
Rigal, Claudine. "Contribution à l'étude de la résistance à la teicoplanine de deux souches de staphylocoques à coagulase négative isolées de septicémies." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P186.
Debigaré, Sylvie. "Effet médiateur des croyances irrationnelles sur la relation entre les événements de vie négatifs et les idéations suicidaires dans une population universitaire." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1997. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4757/1/000638612.pdf.
Pierre, Josiane. "Étude des protéines de liaison à la pénicilline chez les staphylocoques à coagulase négative et les Listeria : intérêt taxonomique : rôle dans la résistance intrinsèque aux B-lactamines." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA114826.
Galperine, Tatiana Katérina. "Les infections à aeromonas : étude retrospective à partir de 71 souches diagnostiquées au CHU de Bordeaux entre 1996 et 1999." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR23082.
Meunier, Philippe. "Etude de circuits monolithiques simulant une résistance négative intégrables dans des filtres actifs microondes à résonateurs microruban." Limoges, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIMO0003.
Danneville, François. "Résistance différentielle négative et transfert spatial dans les transistors à effet de champ à grille isolée GaAlAs/GaAs : analyse théorique et applications potentielles." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10023.
Vidal, Stéphanie. "Modélisation des interactions b-lactamine / porine : description d'un mécanisme de résistance des bactéries Gram négatif aux antibiotiques par défaut de perméation de la paroi." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22952.
Zeller, Philippe. "Étude expérimentale de la lueur négative et de l'espace cathodique d'une décharge à faisceau d'électrons." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112254.
Briand-David, Véronique. "Etude des effest inotropes négatifs des inhibiteurs du canal calcique lent sur la cellule cardiaque d'embryon de poulet en culture : modulation par la stimulation beta adrénergique." Tours, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOUR3301.
Chouayekh, Hichem. "Caractérisation et élucidation de la fonction biologique de deux gènes sblA et ppk dont l'interruption a respectivement un effet sur la sporulation et la production d'antibiotiques chez Streptomyces lividans TK24." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112006.
Streptomyces are Gram+ soil bacteria characterized by a complex differentiation cycle beginning by the germination of a spore developing in a substrate mycelium growing within the nourishing medium and giving raise, after a short pause in the growth, to an aerial mycelium that will differentiate into spores. The late stages of this development are accompanied by the biosynthesis of many antibiotics of industrial importance. We have characterized two new genes ppk and sblA affecting respectively antibiotic production and sporulation in S. Lividans. An sblA ̄strain sporulates much earlier than the wild type strain. SblA encodes a protein possessing a specific phosphoinositide hydrolase/phosphatase activity. The expression of sblA is transitory (lasting 6 to 8 hours), taking place mainly during the development of the substrate mycelium and being negatively regulated by two different regulatory mechanisms. The first one involves an operator region, constituted by 9 direct repeats of the sequence 5'C(C/G)GGAGG(C/T)3', located upstream of the promoter region and likely to constitute a binding site for a transcriptional repressor. The other one involves a 23nt stem-loop structure containing a RBS-like sequence 5'AGGAGG 3', located 170 bp downstream of the GTG start codon and is thought to play a role in the regulation of the specific degradation of the sblA transcript. A ppk- strain is characterized by an enhanced production of the three antibiotics produced by S. Lividans (actinorhodin, undecylprodigiosin and calcium-dependent antibiotic) that correlates with an increased transcription of the specific transcriptional activators of the corresponding biosynthetic pathways. Ppk encodes a polyphosphate kinase catalysing the polymerisation of the γ phosphate of ATP into polymers of phosphate (polyP) as well as the regeneration of ATP from ADP and polyP. Ppk is transcribed as a monocistronic mRNA from a unique promoter sequence and its transcription is triggered by Pi starvation
Quistrebert-Davanne, Virginie. "Effet d'un contexte humoral anxieux sur l'évolution de l'activation des différentes acceptations d'un homographe à connotation émotionnelle négative." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT3018.
Ben, Kilanie Imed Eddine. "Les effets didactiques des différences de fonctionnement de la négation dans la langue arabe, la langue française et le langage mathématique." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10195.
Zhang, Tianchen. "Composants mémoires et effet NDR dans les dispositifs à base de matériaux hybrides : organiques/nanoparticules d’or." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10215/document.
The work presented in this thesis deals with the study of the electrical properties and physical mechanism of a device based on the functional hybrid material: PTEDOT-AuNPs and its application in the field of non-volatile resistive memory. Firstly, we demonstrate the synthesis of this hybrid material as well as its electrical and physical characterization. The fabrication of nanodevice is then carried out by combining the photolithography and electropolymerization. During the electrical characterization, the forming process which is accompanied by a resistive switching of the device is demonstrated in the following. We discuss the physical nature of this phenomenon, and believed that it is related to a local change in temperature and the creation of a metal conducting paths. After that, the device exhibits two electrical behaviors: a negative differential resistance effect and a memory effect. The results obtained in the reliability test make it possible to demonstrate promising applications in nonvolatile resistive memories. In the study of the physical mechanisms of resistive switching between two distinct conductance states of our device, the formation of the conductive path between the two electrodes and the effect of trapping and trapping are the main mechanisms responsible for the forming process and the memory effect. Finally, we were interested in the realization of the "NanoCell" logic gate for molecular computing which based on our multi-terminal devices (6 electrodes). We proved that it is possible to realize two basic logic gates by choosing the level of the external threshold current after the configuration of "Nanocell"
Deshayes, Maxime. "Influence des stéréotypes sexués et des stéréotypes liés à l’âge sur la performance d’endurance non-technique : un effet positif de l’induction d’un stéréotype négatif ?" Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4108.
The stereotype threat theory (Steele, 1997) suggests that when a negative stereotype toward one group is induced, in a context where this stereotype is susceptible to be applied, a decrease in performance would be observed. After being replicated in various domains, this negative effect on performance was generalized to the physical domain. Most studies investigated this effect during technical tasks such as soccer-dribbling tasks (for a meta-analysis, see Gentile, Boca, & Giammusso, 2018). Although technical abilities are major factors in physical performance, other factors also regulate physical performance such as physical abilities with, for example, endurance (Weineck, 1983). The objective of this thesis was to examine the influence of inducing sex stereotypes and aging stereotypes on women’s and older adults’ non-technical endurance performance. The integrated process model (Schmader, Johns, & Forbes, 2008), widely used in the literature, explains performance modifications after a negative stereotype was induced during technical tasks. However, this model makes no assumptions about its effect during non-technical tasks. The mere effort account (Jamieson & Harkins, 2007), recently validated in the physical domain, could be applied during this type of task. This account suggests that inducing a negative stereotype could lead to an increase in threatened participants’ performance during non-technical endurance tasks. In line with these predictions, studies 1, 2, 3 and 4 showed an increase in women’s endurance performance after inducing a negative stereotype toward them during tasks at submaximal and maximal intensities, and on different muscle groups. These studies especially observed that threatened women were more motivated to outperform men (study 4) and they put more effort into the tasks. This performance increase could also be due to a lower central fatigue (study 3) and a greater planning of the central motor command over the prefrontal cortex (study 4). These four studies strengthen the hypothesis that the effects of sex stereotypes would be task-dependent and that the mere effort account appears to be relatively robust to explain the effects of sex stereotypes during non-technical endurance tasks. Interestingly, these positive results were not fully replicated in older adults. Inducing a negative aging stereotype did not influence participants’ maximal performance (studies 5 and 6). An increase in performance was nonetheless observed when the intensity of the task was reduced (study 6). When investigating aging stereotypes, the mere effort account seems to be imperfect and needs to be completed to explain their effects in the physical domain. The results of this thesis enrich the stereotype threat literature by showing that inducing a negative stereotype can, contrary to the predictions of the initial stereotype threat theory (Steele, 1997), lead to an improvement of women’s performances and under certain conditions for older adults
Alves, Dalla Corte Daniel. "Effets du traitement chimique de la surface d'une électrode négative en silicium amorphe pour batterie lithium-ion: étude par spectroscopie infrarouge in situ." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00877545.
Choi, Moon-Gee. "L'attention à l'égard de l'information négative chez des participants normo-anxieux : effets automatiques et stratégiques d'un amorçage émotionnel sur la tâche de Stroop." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/choi_m.
Desmarchelier, David. "Pollution externalities : a source of endogenous business cycles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL12013/document.
Since Zhang (1999), a rising number of contributions explore channels by which pollution can induce endogenous business cycles. We believe that this research line is of great interest because it reconciles the short run imperative of policy leaders and the long run imperative of environmental preservation. Consequently, the present dissertation aims to contribute to this strand of literature by pointing out new channels by which pollution can induce endogenous business cycles.Chapters 1, 2 and 3 depart from some new empirical findings who stress nonmarginal negative effect of pollution on labor productivity and on labor supply. Within those chapters, we show that such pollution effects can lead to deterministic cycles as well as stochastic fluctuations around the steady state.The chapter 4 is devoted to the study of the already existing green fiscal policies in most of OECD countries. We show in particular that their well-known regressivity, with respect to households' incomes, may promote sunspot equilibria
Geoffroy, Marine. "Rôle de la claudine 1 dans les cellules cancéreuses mammaires triple-négatives et son implication dans les effets anticancéreux de dérivés de la troglitazone." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0056/document.
A major challenge in oncology is the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (ER-, PR-, HER2-) as no targeted therapy are available. These tumors present often a chemotherapy resistance and a higher relapse incidence. 78% of them do not express claudin 1 and display a poor prognosis. Claudin 1 is involved in cell-cell adhesion and may be a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. In this context, we study if claudin 1 re-expression could be a possible approach. In the laboratory, we developed derivatives thaziolidinediones (TZD) compounds, which increase claudin 1 expression and lead to apoptosis of breast cancer cells. The goals of my thesis is 1) to characterize the involvement of claudin 1 in their pro-apoptotic effect 2) to study their mechanism of action 3) to determine if claudin 1 could sensitize the TNBC cells to the chemotherapy agents. During my thesis, we showed that claudin 1 overexpression and the compound Δ2-TGZ induce apoptosis of TNBC « claudin 1-low » MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T cells. Claudin 1 is involved in the pro-apoptotic effect of Δ2-TGZ in MDA-MB-231 cells. Then, we demonstrated that Δ2-TGZ and AB186 lead to early action through a modification of cell morphology followed an expression of claudin 1 at the membrane and an inhibition of cell migration before the apoptosis process. In addition, claudin 1 overexpression decreases the cell migration through the loss of stress fibers and the formation of cell junctions. We showed that claudin 1 overexpression potentialize the pro-apoptotic effect of Δ2-TGZ in MDA-MB-231 cells. Finally, we observed that claudin 1 sensitize the MDA-MB-231 cells to 5-FU. In fine, our data allowed a better understanding of Δ2-TGZ and AB186 mechanism of action and identification of claudin 1 as a promising target in TNBC « claudin 1-low »
Clatot, Jérôme. "Analyses fonctionnelles de mutations du gène SCN5A impliquées dans le syndrome de Brugada." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828454.
Saubusse, Marjorie. "Effet de barrière des populations microbiennes des laits crus vis-à-vis de Listeria monocytogenes dans un fromage à pâte pressée non cuite." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717826.
Saubusse, Marjorie. "Effet de barrière des populations microbiennes des laits crus vis-à-vis de Listeria monocytogenes dans un fromage à pâte pressée non cuite." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21741.
Coadic, Jean-Pierre. "Capnocytophaga : critères d'identification et sensibilité aux antibiotiques." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P003.
De, Angelis Fabien. "Characterization of proteins involved in RND-driven heavy metal resistance systems of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210154.
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Gruntz, Guillaume. "Nouvelles architectures moléculaires électrodéficientes et solubles pour les transistors organiques à effet de champ de type n stables à l’air." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0217/document.
One the main challenges of organic electronics is the fabrication of electronic circuits combining p-type and n-type organic field effect transistors which can be processed by liquid route and are stable in air. Even though many efficient p-type organic materials have been reported, the examples of n-type analogues are rare. The aim of this PhD research work was therefore to design, synthesize and characterize new soluble and electron-acceptor π-conjugated molecules and determine their ability to transport electrons in organic field effect transistors (OFETs) under air. In this aim, the aromatic core of a well-known stable pigment, the Triphenodioxazine (TPDO), was functionalized with solubilizing groups and electron-withdrawing functions to tune the solubility and to yield a higher electron affinity. The various structural modifications achieved provided a complete family of electro-deficient materials. The new compounds were characterized in liquid and solid state, and then integrated in OFETs. Most of them led to an efficient negative charge carrier transport. Hereafter of the rationalization of the results during synthesis, characterization of new materials and physical characterizations of devices, a tetracyano derivative has fulfilled the initial project specifications in terms of solubility, electron mobility and air stability of the performances
Messika-Zeitoun, Liza. "Le syndrome de persistance des canaux de Müller : identification de mutations, effets moléculaires de mutations du récepteur de type II de l'AMH." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T051.
The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) belongs to the Transforming Growth Factor β(TGFβ) family. In male fetuses, AMH is responsible for the early regression of Müllerian ducts, the anlagen of uterus and Fallopian tubes. A deficiency in the signaling pathway of AMH is responsible for a rare form of male pseudohermaphrodism characterized by a persistence of Müllerian ducts (PMDS) in males otherwise normally virilized. At the beginnig of my work, AMHR-II was the only known component ofthe AMH signalling pathway. Two forms of PMDS are distinguished by the level of circulating AMH, assessed by ELISA. « Negative AMH » patients with serum AMH low or undetectable generaly have a mutation in the AMH gene while « positive AMH » patients which present normal values of serum AMH have probably a mutation of AMHR-II. By systematic research of mutations causing PMDS, we have correlated_AMH serum concentration with mutations of the AMH or receptor gene. We have also find a 27bp deletion in the kinase domain wich accounts for 25% of PMDS cases and which easy detection is now the first step for the « positive AMH » patient's study. We have also realized one of the first functionnal study of natural mutations of receptors of the TGFβ family and more precisely the study of mutations similar to dominant-negative mutations of receptors of the TGF β family. One causing receptor truncation after the transmembrane domain and the other is a missense mutation in a key residu of the kinase domain. Overexpression of these mutant receptors exert a dominant-negative activity in vitro upon two AMH target genes. This dose-response study let us to explain this discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro results
Pasturel, Mathieu. "Modification par hydruration des propriétés structurales et physiques des intermétalliques CeTX (T = Mn, Ni, Cu ; X = Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn)." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010063.
Ciprelli, Jean-Louis. "Application de polymères conducteurs en microlithographie : évaluation de polythiophènes comme résines négatives électrosensibles pour la réalisation de masques à décalage de phase." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10217.
Okdah, Liliane. "Gestion patrimoniale des anciens agents antimicrobiens en les criblant contre des bactéries multi-résistantes modernes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0593.
The emergence of beta-lactam and carbapenem resistant bacteria, resulted in the reintroduction of colistin as an agent of last resort to treat infections caused by these bacteria. However, chromosomal resistances and more recently plasmidic to colistin appeared. This problem of multidrug-resistant bacteria subsequently triggered the publication of alarming articles on the dangers of these germs. To answer the media dramatization related to this problem, my thesis project aims to propose therapeutic strategies to treat infections due to multiresistant bacteria.Initially, we tested the activity of a large panel including old antibiotics against carbapenem resistant bacteria and others resistant to colistin. Several families of antibiotics have been effective against these two types of resistant bacteria.In a second step, we evaluated the activity of combined antibiotics in order to detect a synergistic action. Two synergistic combinations were retained: colistin + sulfadiazine and colistin + fusidic acid. These combinations of antibiotics have shown a bactericidal effect on a collection of Gram-negative colistin-resistant bacteria, independent of the resistance mechanism