Academic literature on the topic 'Effets biogéochimiques'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Effets biogéochimiques.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Effets biogéochimiques"
Ranger, Jacques, Arnaud Legout, Pascal Bonnaud, Dominique Arrouays, Gilles Nourrisson, Dominique Gelhaye, and Noémie Pousse. "Interactions entre les effets du tassement par les engins d'exploitation et la fertilité chimique des sols forestiers." Revue forestière française 72, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 191–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/revforfr.2020.5320.
Full textLEFEBVRE, T., and C. GALLET. "Impacts des grands herbivores sur la végétation des prairies et conséquences sur la décomposition de la litière." INRA Productions Animales 30, no. 5 (June 29, 2018): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2017.30.5.2276.
Full textJeffries, D. S., S. E. Doka, M. L. Mallory, F. Norouzian, A. Storey, and I. Wong. "Effets des précipitations acides sur les écosystèmes aquatiques au Canada: Situation actuelle et future." Revue des sciences de l'eau 11 (April 12, 2005): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705335ar.
Full textDurand, P., E. Lelong, and C. Neal. "Modélisation des effets hydrochimiques à long terme des dépôts acides et des reboisements dans les bassins versants du Mont-Lozère (Sud de la France)." Revue des sciences de l'eau 5, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705130ar.
Full textDENDONCKER, Morgane. "Cinquante ans de dynamique de la végétation ligneuse dans le Sahel sénégalais (Ferlo) : bases pour une approche de la diversité fonctionnelle." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 354 (December 1, 2022): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2022.354.a36986.
Full textRanger, J., D. Mohamed Ahamed, and D. Gelhaye. "Effet d'un amendement calco-magnésien associé ou non à une fertilisation, sur le cycle biogéochimique des éléments nutritifs dans une plantation d'épicéa commun (Picea abies Karst) dépérissante dans les Vosges." Annales des Sciences Forestières 51, no. 5 (1994): 455–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19940503.
Full textDONNARS, C., P. CELLIER, and J. L. PEYRAUD. "Nouvelles de la recherche : expertise sur les flux d’azote liés aux élevages." INRAE Productions Animales 25, no. 4 (October 2, 2012): 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2012.25.4.3226.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Effets biogéochimiques"
Yan, Chen. "Effets des antibiotiques sur les processus biogéochimiques et développement de l'antibiorésistance." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066601.
Full textThe presence of antibiotics in the environment could affect biogeochemical process, such as denitrification and nitrification in sediment or/and sewage plant, due to their action against bacteria. Studies regarding the effects of environmental relevant concentration antibiotics on resident microbial communities in environment are needed. The aim of this work was therefore to investigate the effects of antibiotics on denitrification and nitrification as well as microbial communities involved in these processes in the presence of environmental and therapeutic concentrations of antibiotics. In addition, antibiotics were determined in the initials and treated sediments and biofilms in order to investigate the fate of antibiotics. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of denitrifying enrichments (MIC-E) were determined in order to investigate effects of antibiotics on the denitrifying community. The results of this work showed that environmental concentrations of antibiotics did not significantly affect denitrification and nitrification activity; however, a significant inhibition, although incomplete, was observed in the presence of therapeutic concentrations. The diversity and structure of bacterial and denitrifying communities changed upon exposure to environmental and therapeutic antibiotic concentrations. Investigation of MIC-E showed that the denitrifying community was able to adapt under high antibiotic exposure which may favor antibiotic resistance. In addition to that, determination of antibiotics concentrations in sediments and biofilms showed that antibiotics behaved differently
Abdou, Melina. "Cycles biogéochimiques du platine dans les environnements côtiers." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0068/document.
Full textPlatinum (Pt) is a Technology-Critical Element (TCE) and an emerging contaminant increasingly released into all Earth compartments, but its environmental occurrence, distribution, and dynamics are under- documented. The present research combines laboratory observations and field monitoring studies on Pt biogeochemistry in coastal systems (Atlantic Ocean and northwestern Mediterranean Sea), including its distribution between seawater, particles, and living organisms. Exposure experiments with oysters facing a wide range of exposure levels provide the first Pt accumulation kinetics in marine bivalves, supporting uptake of Pt from seawater in line with field observations. At environmentally-relevant Pt levels (50 and 100 ng.L-1), the positive linear relation between exposure and Pt accumulation in tissues justifies the use of oysters as integrative sentinels for seawater Pt contamination. At relatively high Pt levels (10,000 ng.L-1), deleterious physiological effects (e.g. increased oxidative stress and energetic stock mobilization) occurred in oysters. Field observations at contrasting sites have provided regional background Pt concentrations in seawater in the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts (0.05 ng.L-1 and 0.08 ng.L-1, respectively) and bioconcentration factors for phytoplankton (~ 104), and bivalves (oysters and mussels ~ 103). Spatial distribution of Pt levels in seawater, plankton and bivalves suggest higher contamination along the northwestern Mediterranean coast, especially in semi-enclosed, industrialized/urbanized systems (Toulon Bay and Genoa Harbor). Historical records in sediments (~ 1900 - 2010) and bivalves (1980 to present) from the Gironde watershed and the Toulon Bay showed past Pt contamination due to industrial (metallurgic, oil-refining, coal) activities, whereas the strong recent increase in Pt contamination originates from emerging Pt sources, e.g. car catalytic converters, hospital effluents, and sewage. High temporal resolution observation of Pt partitioning, together with environmental master variables (O2, Salinity, Chl-a, nutrients etc.), suggests that in coastal systems, biogeochemical processes including phytoplankton production and degradation may play an important role in Pt behavior and fate
Migon, Christophe. "Étude de l'apport atmosphérique en métaux-traces et sels nutritifs en milieu côtier méditerranéen : implications biogéochimiques." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4219.
Full textAskri, Amira. "Valorisation des digestats de méthanisation en agriculture : effets sur les cycles biogéochimiques du carbone et de l'azote." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0023.
Full textAnaerobic digestion is a biological treatment of organic wastes which is strongly developing in France. In addition to producing energy, anaerobic digestion produces a digestate that has interesting agronomic potential. The objective of this work was thus to study the effect of applying digestates to a soil on the biogeochemical cycles of C and N, particularly the C storage potential in soil and the availability of N for plants, as well as the N2O emissions. The variation of these effects with the type of digested inputs and with the post-treatments after digestion was also studied. These studies were based on laboratory experiments, a short-term field experiment and modeling.Five types of digestates were used: three of agricultural origin and two from urban wastes coming from separate collection or not. Four raw digestates were produced by wet anaerobic digestion and underwent phase separation producing thus two digestates: liquid and solid. The other digestate was produced by dry anaerobic digestion. The solid digestates from urban origin underwent composting also while the two digestates of agricultural origin underwent reverse osmosis and drying.The digestates produced from agricultural wastes have the higher fertilizer and amending potentials. The phase separation produced a solid product which can mostly be used to maintain soil C stocks and which can be further improved by composting and a liquid product that has a greater fertilizing potential. All digestates raw, solid and liquid are characterized by a residual fraction of readily biodegradable C ranging from 23 to 91% of their organic C and related to the C content of the hot water extractable fraction. The biological stability of the digestates increases in this order: liquid 18%, the solid and the composted digestates have an interesting amending potential. The anaerobic digestates have also a high nitrogen fertilizer value, mainly related to the fraction of ammonia N initially present in the digestate; nevertheless, the high organic C/N ratios generate relatively high nitrogen organization associated with the degradation ofdigestate organic matter.A unique set of parameters was determined from the previous experimentations to simulate the C and N mineralization kinetics, after applying digestates to the soil, using the CANTIS model. This set of parameters was used to evaluate the relationship between the soil C stock and the fertilizer value of digestate and their biochemical properties.N2O emissions are higher from the raw digestates; but post-treatment by phase separation and composting reduce these emissions, while reverse osmosis and drying increase them showing thus the difficulty in associating agronomic interest and lack of environmental impacts at the same time.In the field, a high loss of mineral nitrogen is found after application of digestate, probably because of the volatilization of ammonia nitrogen. The non-composted digestates have fertilizer equivalence between 0.37 and 0.52; the origin of the digestate and phase separation didn‟t have effect on this parameter. On the other side, composting decreases by more than 80% the equivalence to nitrogen fertilizer
Capdeville, Marion-Justine. "Études des cycles biogéochimiques des contaminants organiques dits « émergents » dans les systèmes aquatiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14304.
Full textPharmaceutical substances belong to the group of emerging contaminants due to their recent interest in environmental studies in comparison with pollutants who have been studied for a longer time like pesticides. They correspond to the active ingredient of drugs and by this mean are responsible for their pharmacological properties. Consequently they are biologically active molecules that can act on living organisms present in impacted ecosystems. The origin of pharmaceuticals in the environment is variable but the main sources are related to their use in human and veterinary medicine. Once consumed, pharmaceutical substances are excreted in urine or feces and are found in wastewater (human consumption) or animal manure (veterinary consumption). In the first case, they can be discharged directly in the environment, or indirectly, with treated wastewater or sludge from sewage treatment plants (SWTP). In the second case, they directly reach the environment when animals are bred on grassland or indirectly when livestock wastes are spread on agricultural soils as fertilizer. This PhD work has been focused on the study of the origin and fate of pharmaceutical substances in these 2 cases. Thus according to consumption data, occurrence in the environment reported in previous studies, toxicity and ecotoxicity data, originality and availability of reference standard compounds, 32 then 78 molecules belonging to 5 different therapeutic classes (antibiotics, antineoplastics, beta-blockers, anti-HIV, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE 5 inhibitors)) were studied in 2 continuums : i) hospital wastewater effluents – raw and treated wastewater – surface water, and ii) raw and treated wastewater – surface water – ground water. Based on the same selection criteria, the fate of 7 antibiotics was studied in pig manure in simple manure storage facilities (storage tank), in aerobic manure treatment facilities (treatment system like in small SWTP) and in mesocosms under controlled conditions. In order to achieve all these studies, analytical protocols implementing an extraction step by SPE (Solid Phase Extraction) or an ASE extraction (Accelerated Solvent Extraction) followed by a SPE purification and an analytical step by LC / MS / MS (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) have been developed. These protocols, by filling out quality criteria such as limits of detection and quantification compatible with environmental analysis (ng/l to dozen of ng/l), good linearity, precision, accuracy and performance, were used to analyze the dissolved phase of water samples and dissolved and solid phases of pig manure samples. The water samples analysis shows : i) beta-blockers, anti-HIV and antibiotic belonging to the families of macrolides, fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides are the most representative molecules of the environmental contamination from the classes studied; ii) SWTP releases are a major source of aquatic systems’ contamination; iii) wastewaters are more contaminated in winter than in summer; and iv) surface water are more contaminated in summer than in winter. The pig manure samples analysis shows : i) the levels of contamination of manure by antibiotics are high, from a few µg/l to mg/l; ii) the manure level of contamination is not related to the physiological stage of pigs; iii) the interest to store manure before spreading in order to reduce the antibiotics contamination is not highlighted; iv) oxytetracycline, tetracycline, tylosin and marbofloxacin are mainly present in the solid phase whereas sulfadiazine, lincomycin and monensin are mainly present in the liquid phase of manure; v) the separation of solid and liquid phases reduce manure contamination in aerobic treatment facilities; and vi) antibiotics degradation is mainly aerobic.Key words:
Pique, Gaétan. "Apport de la télédétection pour la simulation spatialisée des composantes du bilan carbone des cultures et des effets d'atténuation biogéochimiques et biogéophysiques des cultures intermédiaires." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30038.
Full textClimate change and the demographic growth of the world's population are leading the agricultural world to adapt to meet these two major challenges. While agricultural land, which represents nearly one third of the world's land area, contributes significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions, it also offers the possibility of implementing climate change mitigation levers. In this context, the aim of this thesis is to increase our knowledge of the functioning of agricultural areas, to provide tools for assessing the contribution of cultivated surfaces to climate change, and to quantify the biogeochemical (C storage) and biogeophysical (albedo effect) effects of climate change mitigation through the implementation of cover crops. To meet these objectives, two modeling approaches were developed during this work. The first part of this thesis focused on the development of a spatialized modeling approach, allowing to provide estimates of production (biomass and yields), CO2 and water fluxes, these variables being used to quantify the carbon and water budgets for cropland. To this end, the SAFYE-CO2 agro-meteorological model assimilating satellite products of vegetation index at high spatial and temporal resolutions was developed and applied to different crops (wheat, maize and sunflower) and intercrop vegetation (spontaneous regrowth, weeds, cover crops). This approach has been validated on a network of plots in southwestern France, taking advantage of a large number of satellite images and validation data on the Regional Spatial Observatory area. In particular, it has allowed to accurately estimate wheat, sunflower and corn production, as well as CO2 and water fluxes on wheat and sunflower crops. Vegetation, which can develop on the plots during intercropping periods, was also considered in order to improve the estimation of CO2 and water fluxes. In particular, this made it possible to quantify the impact of intermediate crops on the C balance components of plots allocated to field crops in the study area. The second part of the project aimed at developing a model for the introduction of cover crops at a European scale, in order to estimate the radiative forcing induced by the modification of the surface albedo generated by this practice. Thanks to medium resolution albedo products (1/20°), developed by the CNRM (and in collaboration with this laboratory), this modelling approach allowed to provide estimates of the albedo effect related to cover crops. Several introduction scenarios were simulated to account for the impact of certain factors, such as snow or rain. They have allowed us to highlight the potential negative impact of soil darkening, induced in the long term (via the enrichment of soil organic matter) by cover crops on the radiative forcing of cultivated areas. Finally, as any change in agricultural practice induces biogeochemical and biogeophysical effects on climate, an analysis of these coupled effects was conducted using these two modelling approaches. We conclude that once intercropping is implemented, the soil should be permanently covered so that the soil darkening effect does not cause the other climatic benefits of this agricultural practice to be lost
Capdeville, Marion-Justine. "Études des cycles biogéochimiques des contaminants organiques dits « émergents » dans les systèmes aquatiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14304/document.
Full textPharmaceutical substances belong to the group of emerging contaminants due to their recent interest in environmental studies in comparison with pollutants who have been studied for a longer time like pesticides. They correspond to the active ingredient of drugs and by this mean are responsible for their pharmacological properties. Consequently they are biologically active molecules that can act on living organisms present in impacted ecosystems. The origin of pharmaceuticals in the environment is variable but the main sources are related to their use in human and veterinary medicine. Once consumed, pharmaceutical substances are excreted in urine or feces and are found in wastewater (human consumption) or animal manure (veterinary consumption). In the first case, they can be discharged directly in the environment, or indirectly, with treated wastewater or sludge from sewage treatment plants (SWTP). In the second case, they directly reach the environment when animals are bred on grassland or indirectly when livestock wastes are spread on agricultural soils as fertilizer. This PhD work has been focused on the study of the origin and fate of pharmaceutical substances in these 2 cases. Thus according to consumption data, occurrence in the environment reported in previous studies, toxicity and ecotoxicity data, originality and availability of reference standard compounds, 32 then 78 molecules belonging to 5 different therapeutic classes (antibiotics, antineoplastics, beta-blockers, anti-HIV, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE 5 inhibitors)) were studied in 2 continuums : i) hospital wastewater effluents – raw and treated wastewater – surface water, and ii) raw and treated wastewater – surface water – ground water. Based on the same selection criteria, the fate of 7 antibiotics was studied in pig manure in simple manure storage facilities (storage tank), in aerobic manure treatment facilities (treatment system like in small SWTP) and in mesocosms under controlled conditions. In order to achieve all these studies, analytical protocols implementing an extraction step by SPE (Solid Phase Extraction) or an ASE extraction (Accelerated Solvent Extraction) followed by a SPE purification and an analytical step by LC / MS / MS (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) have been developed. These protocols, by filling out quality criteria such as limits of detection and quantification compatible with environmental analysis (ng/l to dozen of ng/l), good linearity, precision, accuracy and performance, were used to analyze the dissolved phase of water samples and dissolved and solid phases of pig manure samples. The water samples analysis shows : i) beta-blockers, anti-HIV and antibiotic belonging to the families of macrolides, fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides are the most representative molecules of the environmental contamination from the classes studied; ii) SWTP releases are a major source of aquatic systems’ contamination; iii) wastewaters are more contaminated in winter than in summer; and iv) surface water are more contaminated in summer than in winter. The pig manure samples analysis shows : i) the levels of contamination of manure by antibiotics are high, from a few µg/l to mg/l; ii) the manure level of contamination is not related to the physiological stage of pigs; iii) the interest to store manure before spreading in order to reduce the antibiotics contamination is not highlighted; iv) oxytetracycline, tetracycline, tylosin and marbofloxacin are mainly present in the solid phase whereas sulfadiazine, lincomycin and monensin are mainly present in the liquid phase of manure; v) the separation of solid and liquid phases reduce manure contamination in aerobic treatment facilities; and vi) antibiotics degradation is mainly aerobic.Key words:
Masbou, Jérémy. "Étude des processus métaboliques, écologiques et biogéochimiques contrôlant le fractionnement isotopique du Hg chez les mammifères marins de l'Arctique." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3093/.
Full textSince the discovery of atmospheric Hg depletion events (AMDE) in the Arctic, the Polar Regions have become key in understanding the Hg global cycle. The impact of Hg on human health depends on both Hg concentration and chemical form. In particular, monomethylmercury (MMHg) is a potent neurotoxin. High MMHg concentrations are observed in Arctic top predators due to bioaccumulation and biomagnification processes in the food webs. Hence, the characterization of the transformations leading to the formation (methylation) and the degradation (demethylation) of MMHg is of great concern to assess its fate and impact in aquatic ecosystems. In this context, we present an environmental study on three Arctic bio-indicators: the ringed seal (Pusa hispida), the beluga whale (Delphinaperus leucas) and the polar bear (Ursus maritimus). Hg isotope analysis of the bio-indicator liver tissues show both mass dependent isotope fractionation (MDF, delta202Hg) and mass independent fractionation (MIF, delta199Hg). While the changes in d202Hg are widely linked to in vivo metabolic processes, the time trend (1988-2002, Pusa hispida) and the latitudinal gradient (60°N-71°N, Delphinaperus leucas) observed for ?199Hg signatures suggests the influence of sea ice cover on the Arctic biogeochemical Hg cycle. In a second part of this dissertation, we propose a novel and promising molecular approach with the first measurements of the isotopic compositions of Hg and carbon on the MMHg molecule in biological samples. These results are very promising for tracing MMHg origin in aquatic environments
Diop, Souleymane. "Dynamique de l'albédo de surface et bénéfice climatique de l'agriculture de conservation au Zimbabwe sub-humide." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB066.
Full textIn Sub-Saharan Africa, studies of potential climate change mitigation levers by CA focus more on biogeochemical effects (C storage, GHG emissions) while biogeophysical effects (albedo effects, energy fluxes) are often ignored. In this context, it is very relevant to delve into the effects of CA on agriculture's biogeophysical contributions to climate in order to identify potential mitigation levers associated with changes in practices and possible synergies with the biogeochemical effects. We conducted studies to quantify the biogeophysical effects through measurements of surface albedo, heat radiation, surface temperature, water content in soil, and dynamics of crop growth during two growing years in Zimbabwe on two types of contrasting soil: a sandy, light-coloured abruptic Lixisol and a clayey, dark-coloured xanthic Ferralsol. Three cropping practices are compared in this study: conventional tillage (CT), no-tillage (NT) and no-tillage with mulch (NTM). The results showed an increase in surface albedo following the adoption of NT practice compared to CT regardless of soil type. The contribution of crop residues to surface compared with CT lead to contrasting effects according to soil types. Indeed, the residues contribute to an increase in surface albedo on dark clay soils and contribute to its decrease on light sandy soils. These albedo changes have led to negative radiative forcing associated with a cooling climatic effect on the NT regardless of soil type and contrasting effects for the NTM, with a cooling effect on dark clay soils and a warming effect on light sandy soils. We compared these surface albedo-induced radiative forcings with the biogeochemical effects of carbon (C) storage and N2O emissions induced by these same practices. The results obtained showed that over 30 years of CA practice, albedo changes related to NT and NTM practices have climatic effects ranging from -1.27 to +1.15 t CO2-eq ha-1 year-1, comparable to the potential for carbon storage in soils in Sub-Saharan Africa. On dark clay soils, these practices enhance the cooling effect, while on light sandy soils, they cause a warming effect in the short term, negating the climate benefits of long-term stored C. To better understand the determinants of albedo dynamics and to be able to simulate them according to practices, the STICS model was used, revealing limitations in the consideration of the effect of senescent tissues and surface moisture on the dynamics of surface albedo. New formalisms were then proposed and tested, which allowed to improve the simulations of the surface albedo. This study highlights the importance of integrating biogeophysical and biogeochemical effects to better assess climate impacts of agricultural practices and optimize adaptation and mitigation measures
Poszwa, Anne. "Utilisation des isotopes du strontium pour évaluer la dynamique des éléments minéraux dans des écosystèmes forestiers sous climat boréal, tempéré et tropical." Nancy, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0128_POSZWA.pdf.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Effets biogéochimiques"
Boucher, Olivier. "Effets biogéochimiques et rétroactions climatiques." In Ingénierie et développement durable, 175–90. Paris: Springer Paris, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0055-4_10.
Full text