Journal articles on the topic 'Effet enclume'
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Li, Zhi, Ruyi Yan, Zuo Zhang, and Huaping Sun. "The Effect of Enclave Adjustment on the Urban Energy Intensity in China: Evidence from Wuhan." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 1940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041940.
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Due to the needs of China’s rapid urbanization, enclave adjustments between districts in a city have become a national phenomenon in recent decades. However, it is rarely discussed in the literature whether this adjustment can have an impact on urban energy intensity. Taking Wuhan’s enclave adjustment in 2009 as a sample and a city-level panel dataset during the period of 2005–2014, using the synthetic control method, this paper investigates for the first time the impact of enclave adjustment between districts on the urban energy intensity. The results show that the logarithmic energy intensity paths of real and synthetic Wuhan diverge after 2009, and the enclave adjustment is indeed conducive to reducing energy intensity. Although this policy effect fluctuated slightly in 2013, it remained evident and continued to expand in subsequent years. We also further adopt the permutation test and placebo test to check the robustness of the baseline results, and this policy effect was found to still be statistically significant and persistent over time. We further verified that aligning division management, changing the incentives of local officials, promoting the agglomeration effect, and regional integration after adjustment are potential contributors to reducing urban energy intensity.
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Du, Gai Hong, and Yang Meng Tian. "The Coupling Effect of Electromagnetic Pulse and Computer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.452.
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Coupling characteristic of EM pulse into the computer enclose with aperture and the coupling effect of electromagnetic pulse and computer box are studied. The impact of coupling characteristic of EM pulse into the computer enclose with aperture includes the three aspects (1) the effect of hole shape on the coupling characteristics (2) the effects of the apertures area on the coupling property characteristics (3) the effects of the polarization direction of the electromagnetic pulse on the coupling characteristics; The brief overview of electromagnetic pulse coupling phenomena on the computer includes the following three aspects (1) the physical model of the computer chassis (2) the coupling coefficient of electric field in the computer box and the computer center (3) the change characteristics of the electromagnetic pulse in the computer box; Finally we discussing the preventive approach of computers electromagnetic coupling is.
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Gibbs, P. E. "A Male genital defect in the dog-whelk, Nucella lapillus (Neogastropoda), favouring survival in a TBT-polluted area." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 73, no. 3 (August 1993): 667–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400033208.
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Tributyltin (TBT) pollution has exterminated populations of the dog-whelk Nucella lapillus along most of the north Kent coast (Thames Estuary) but the species survives as a small enclave around the North Foreland. Males in this enclave exhibit an unusual defect involving the non-development or partial development of the genital system: about 10% lack penes, or have undersized penes, and their gonoducts (vas deferens and prostate) are incompletely developed; in some cases, spermatogenesis appears to be retarded. Laboratory-bred animals display the same characters. This deficiency (‘Dumpton Syndrome’) is manifest also in the atypical development of male sex organs on the females (‘imposex’) induced by exposure to tributyltin (TBT). The evidence points to Dumpton Syndrome being a genetic disorder which has lessened the sterilizing effect of imposex and thereby has permitted the survival of this isolated enclave in an area of high TBT pollution.
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Le, Anh T. "The Determinants of Immigrant Self-Employment in Australia." International Migration Review 34, no. 1 (March 2000): 183–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791830003400108.
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This article applies both single cross-section and dual cross-section approaches to modeling the propensity to be self-employed among the foreign born in the Australian labor market. The results from a single cross-section regression indicate that educational attainment, Australian labor market experience, the availability of capital, marital status and job related characteristics are important influences on self-employment outcomes. The propensity to be self-employed among immigrants is shown to be enhanced by the existence of enclave markets. Ethnic enclaves created via a common language provide more relevant prospects for self-employment than does the concentration of immigrants by birthplace. However, enclave markets do not have a significant impact on the self-employment outcomes of the Australian-born children of immigrants. The dual cross-section approach shows that the cross-section self-employment growth among immigrants is predominantly an adjustment effect rather than a cohort effect.
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Krmíček, Lukáš, and Martin Závacký. "Triaxial Compression Testing of Multicomponent Geomaterials from Quartz-Poor (Syenitic) Systems." GeoScience Engineering 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gse-2017-0016.
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AbstractThis paper focuses on mafic microgranular enclaves enclosed in quartz-poor igneous rocks and their effect on strength properties of the rock massif. The study examines host rock–enclave multicomponent geomaterials from enclave-bearing syenitic rocks from the Třebíč Massif exposed in the Královec quarry near Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou in the Czech Republic. A series of laboratory tests were performed to describe strength properties of individual constituents of the multicomponent geomaterials. We mainly focused on triaxial compression tests, however, rebound hardness, uniaxial compressive strength and indirect tensile strength were determined as well. The obtained results indicate that enclaves and even the contact zones between the enclaves and host rocks do not have any negative influence on the rock strength. In contrast, enclaves represent “stress concentrators” within such multicomponent systems. Strength properties of various multicomponent geomaterials are practically an unexplored topic in the field of rocks mechanics and future studies are needed to establish a robust database describing the behaviour of such geocomposites.
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Delpla, Isabelle. "State Liability for Failure to Protect Others. Srebrenica Cases." Südosteuropa 66, no. 2 (July 26, 2018): 245–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2018-0018.
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Abstract Over recent years, a number of legal decisions have been taken that represent real novelties in the field. They address state liability towards foreigners in a realm where immunity has long prevailed. Dutch courts have condemned the Dutch state for failure to protect Bosniacs after the fall of the enclave of Srebrenica in 1995. The novelty of these court decisions is most apparent when they are compared to the previous investigations and reports on the fall of the Srebrenica enclave, which had the intended or de facto effect of leaving aside state liability. This article focuses on this comparison. The decisions of the Dutch court represent a change with regard to a trend in which collective responsibility was reduced to a scarecrow argument, where state liability for genocide was limited to the obligation to address criminal responsibility, and where co-agency was a shield preventing the attribution of state responsibility. Not only do these court decisions sanction state liability, they also address the victims and even grant them reparations.
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Boire, Sidiki, and Kevin S. Nell. "The enclave hypothesis and Dutch disease effect: A critical appraisal of Mali's gold mining industry." Resources Policy 74 (December 2021): 102398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102398.
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Shin, Eun Jin. "Unraveling the Effects of Residence in an Ethnic Enclave on Immigrants’ Travel Mode Choices." Journal of Planning Education and Research 37, no. 4 (August 17, 2016): 425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x16663309.
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This article examines the relationship between immigrants’ residence in an ethnic enclave and use of alternative modes of transportation. Ethnic enclaves may offer stronger social networks, which may affect mode choice. Using the 2012–2013 California Household Travel Survey, I find that immigrants residing in ethnic enclaves have higher rates of household-external carpooling for nonwork trip purposes than immigrants residing outside ethnic enclaves. I find no difference in the rate of transit use, once built environment characteristics are taken into account. External carpools require arrangements between people in different households, and thus may reflect the social network effect of ethnic enclaves.
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Ouyang, Fang, Jun Wei Bi, Jian Wei Han, and Wei Ming Liao. "A Study on the Effect of a Dyke Reinforced by Geotextile-Encased Sand Columns." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.7.
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A dyke construction was dealed with geotextile-encased sand columns. The dyke was used to enclose a polder in Hamburg-Finkenwerder, Germany. With the help of geotextile, the columns can be used in very soft soils , even undrained shear strength cu < 15 kN/m2, without excessive bulging. After the system is installed, the dike can be filled immediately. To analysis observed data of the long-term settlements in the dyke, three stages can be gotten i.e. "Primary settlements" - "Secondary settlements" - "Creep settlements". Most settlements occurred during the primary filling, while, only little settlements appeared after that construction was accomplished. The settlement rate decreases from the first settlement stage to the last one. No jump takes place when unloading soft soil. Furthermore, the method shorten time and saved a lot of money.
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Iwara, A. I., F. O. Ogundele, U. W. Ibor, V. M. Arrey, and O. E. Okongor. "Effect of Vegetation Adjoining Tourism Facilities on Soil Properties in the Tourism Enclave of Cross River State." Research Journal of Applied Sciences 6, no. 4 (April 1, 2011): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/rjasci.2011.276.281.
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Labeyrie, Vincent. "EFFETS MATERNELS ET BIOLOGIE DES POPULATIONS D'INSECTES." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 120, S146 (1988): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm120146153-1.
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AbstractMaternal influences on an insect population must be assessed within a numerically and spatially restricted enclave; it is difficult to demonstrate the impact within a large polymorphic group whose qualitative and quantitative evolution is subject to a number of conflicting influences. When a variety of selective factors is involved, the problem is to isolate, from the polymorphism, the portion that can be attributed to maternal effects.In short-lived organisms such as insects, direct maternal effects on the progeny have an advantage over slower, indirect responses to selective pressures. Direct effects allow progeny to adapt sooner to ecological trends that began or were operating during the parental generation. The peculiarities of insect embryonic development allow maternal influences to act directly on the F1 adults through their deferred effects on the imaginal discs. Species that deposit organized egg masses provide the best material for studying maternal effects.Behaviour at oviposition can lead to special types of progeny distributions that affect the offspring's survival. In parasitoids, for example, maternal behaviour can introduce a kind of "arena selection" generating superparasitism by aggregative oviposition.The next generation's ecological response that is produced by maternal effects is mediated by changes at the behavioural, metabolic and ovarian levels during the mother's reproductive activity. In this way, she provides a key part of the next generation's functional polymorphism.
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Rajeshkannan, Ananthanarayanan, and Bibhya Sharma. "Study of Pore Closure Mechanism of Aluminium Composite Processed through Powder Metallurgy Route." Advanced Materials Research 911 (March 2014): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.911.50.
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Hot swaging experiments were carried out on as-sintered Al composite preforms in order to evaluate its pore closure characteristics. The effect of tungsten carbide and iron carbide in plain aluminium has been investigated under triaxial stress state condition. Cylindrical preforms with 0.5 aspect ratio and 88% fractional theoretical density have been produced for pure Al, Al-2WC and Al-2WC-4Fe3C through classical powder metallurgy route. Then, the as-sintered preforms are hot swaged to various height strains to further enclose the residual porosities; thereby to enhance density and mechanical properties. It is observed that induced strain substantially helped to close the porosities; however this largely depends on the reinforcing carbide particles in the Al-matrix.
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Manville, Caroline. "Perceptions de justice et implication." Articles 63, no. 3 (October 14, 2008): 529–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/019100ar.
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Cette recherche vise à aider à la compréhension de l’implication organisationnelle des salariés contingents grâce au cadre de la justice organisationnelle. Elle repose sur une étude empirique par questionnaire réalisée auprès de 183 salariés permanents et 71 contingents, embauchés pour une durée déterminée. Nos résultats démontrent le pouvoir explicatif des perceptions de justice sur l’implication. Ils soulignent la sensibilité des salariés contingents à la façon dont ils sont traités dans l’organisation et montrent que les entreprises n’ont pas intérêt à considérer les salariés contingents comme une main-d’oeuvre périphérique, peu encline à s’engager dans l’organisation. Sur la base des analyses effectuées, l’article propose une réflexion sur les effets du statut d’emploi et en tire des implications managériales.
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Soyunov, A., U. Sabiev, A. Golovin, S. Prokopov, and R. Abdylmanova. "The Ways to Improve the Efficiency of Agricultural Enterprises." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 032105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/3/032105.
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Abstract In the modern world a person strives for an industrial society more and more, accumulating power and trying to enclose them in one machine that would perform several operations in one pass over the field surface. So there are implements performing tillage with application of fertilizers or soil cultivation with simultaneous planting and application of fertilizers. Using such implements allows to reduce costs for further cultivation of crops. However, the stake placed on soil preparation and application of fertilizers can not always give the desired effect without due attention to the seed material and technical maintenance. That is why seedbed preparation, the seed material and machines are the main problems of high technology society.
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Pirmatov, Rakhmatulla, Jasur Rashidov, and Khabibullo Pirmatov. "Method for calculating the insulation of airborne sound by enclose from volumetric-block buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 02057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126402057.
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This research paper provides a method for calculating airborne sound insulation by encloses from volumetric-block buildings. The choice of the most suitable construction solution for the technical condition of objects at the design stage for building elements should primarily provide insulation from sound and a safe mode inside buildings, in which protection conditions in the combination of energy efficiency and stability should be taken into account, as well as competent decisions and its impact on the construction process buildings. Numerous scientific studies show the negative effect of sound on human health by the occurrence of various diseases such as cognitive impairment of the fetus in reproductive people, sleep disturbances, tinnitus, irritation, and dysfunction of some human organs. Therefore, sound exposure should be considered a source of inconvenience and a source of harm to human health. Sound waves collide with the surfaces of enclosing structures, causing them to vibrate and transmit the negative effects of the air around them in adjoining rooms, in which, from the point of view of regulatory requirements, in many cases, it does not meet the requirements, since comfort also depends on the design and sound insulation of the volumetric-block buildings. Many of these problems are easily solved at the design stage by choosing the right design solution and calculating the soundproofing qualities of the enclosing structures. In particular, one of the main tasks at the design stage is the development of structural solutions for internal enclosing structures that have a relatively small mass that allows reducing the load on the supporting structures of the building and plummets the material consumption of construction. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure compliance with the regulatory requirements for the isolation of airborne sound of enclosing structures.
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Tousi, Evgenia. "Flagship Projects and Socio-Spatial Inequalities. The Case of the Post Refugee Urban Neighbourhood in Kallithea, Attica, Greece." Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 30, no. 1 (June 16, 2022): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.29367.
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The issue of flagship projects is becoming more and more timely in the contemporary globalized urban context. The overall transformation of a former decayed urban enclave through a well targeted large-scale intervention is found in many cities around the world. Following the narrative of Bilbao, which is considered to be a success story, many cities attempted to imitate the “Bilbao effect”. Taking into account the international experience on the field, this paper tries to analyze a Greek example, delving into the specificities of time and space. The selected case study could be considered as one of the first flagship or prestige projects in Greece and is strongly associated with the concept of “Athenian Riviera”, a metropolitan coastal zone that is currently under urban regeneration. This prestige project is located inside a former refugee enclave that has until today a significant number of old refugee housing complexes, constructed around 1930. The stark contradiction between the iconic building and the derelict neighboring refugee apartments reflects clearly the impact of site-specific urban interventions; they widen the gab between upgraded and degenerated enclaves inside the city. The presence of vulnerable households in the area raises concerns on future gentrification procedures. Field work combined with literature review is being made so as to adumbrate the crucial issues in the area of study. Photographic documentation and cartographic depiction are used as tools so as to illustrate the physiognomy of the area. The ultimate purpose of the paper is to address the issue of socio-spatial inequalities in the era of globalization, where the implementation of place branding strategies puts aside certain social factors, leading to spatial segregation between degraded and upgraded areas.
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Leman, Johan. "A “Lucan Effect” in the Commitment of Iranian Converts in Transit. The case of the Pentecostal Iranian Enclave in Istanbul." Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée, no. 119-120 (November 15, 2007): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/remmm.4323.
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Flanagan, Thomas. "The Agricultural Argument and Original Appropriation: Indian Lands and Political Philosophy." Canadian Journal of Political Science 22, no. 3 (September 1989): 589–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900010969.
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AbstractThe European appropriation of Indian land in North America has often been justified through versions of the “agricultural argument” to the effect that the Indians did not need the land and did not really own it because they did not permanently enclose and farm it. Thus the European settlers could resort to original appropriation as described in Locke's Second Treatise. This article examines the agricultural argument as exemplified in the writings of John Winthrop, John Locke and Emer de Vattel. Analysis shows that the argument is formally consistent with the premises of natural rights philosophy because it assumes the equal right of both Indians and Europeans to engage in original appropriation. But the historical record shows that the argument actually applied to only a small portion of the land acquired by the Europeans. Sovereignty is the issue that should receive further inquiry.
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Parrinder, Patrick. "“TURN AGAIN, DICK WHITTINGTON!”: DICKENS, WORDSWORTH, AND THE BOUNDARIES OF THE CITY." Victorian Literature and Culture 32, no. 2 (September 2004): 407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150304000567.
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IN A BRILLIANTLY SUGGESTIVE ARTICLE, the urban historian Lewis Mumford defined the form of the “archetypal city” as follows: First of all, the city is the creation of a king…acting in the name of a god. The king's first act, the very key to his authority and potency, is the erection of a temple within a heavily walled sacred enclosure. And the construction of another wall to enclose the subservient community turns the whole area into a sacred place: a city. (12) This ancient city, which arose just before the beginning of recorded history, is double walled. It has an inner as well as an outer boundary. The outer walls enclose the area inhabited by a subservient population, but the city itself exists for the sake of the temple and its adjoining palace, the homes, respectively, of the god and the king. Some great historic city centers such as Rome with its Vatican, Moscow with its Kremlin, and Beijing with its Heavenly City preserve a structure that is apparently descended from this model. In Anglo-Saxon London, however, an abbey and a seat of government were established at Westminster, just outside what became the walled City overlooked by the grim citadel of the Tower. Canterbury, not London, became the nation's religious capital. London, in effect, marks a stage in the separation of spiritual and temporal powers and, thus, in the secularization of the city. Medieval London was able to assert its independence from the monarchy through the institution of its self-governing Corporation, presided over by the Lord Mayor. The mayoralty was the only significant temporal office in the land not in the gift of the king; and this explains why, in the folk-tale, the ragged boy Dick Whittington could become Lord Mayor of London.
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Walkden, Gordon M., J. Roddy Irwin, and Anthony E. Fallick. "Carbonate spherules and botryoids as lake floor cements in the East Kirkton Limestone of West Lothian, Scotland." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 84, no. 3-4 (1993): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300006039.
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ABSTRACTThe East Kirkton Limestone is typically a carbonate/organic laminite characterised at many levels by abundant radial-fibrous calcite (RFC) spherules and by less common larger stromatolite-like accretions of laminated botryoidal RFC. The spherules are mostly c. 1 mm in diameter and have cyanophyte and chlorophyte inclusions. Some spherules enclose parallel bundles of complete cyanophyte fibres and probably grew within a living cyanophyte mat. The botryoidal accretions were commonly seeded upon wood and other exposed organic remains such as bone, and they completely enclose twigs and branches where these were held above the sediment surface. Botryoidal accretions commonly contain the remains of a benthos of cyanophytes, chlorophytes and ostracods.Both types of calcite have carbon and oxygen stable isotope values similar to those of known fresh-water precipitates. Their stable isotope and trace element geochemistries are consistent with precipitation on the floor of a tropical fresh-water lake within a volcanic setting, but removed from the influence of any hot-spring activity. Spherules and botroids are mineralogically closely similar and, whilst precipitation may have been biogenically mediated, they are regarded as passive lake floor cements.The carbonate laminae are dominated by rhombohedral calcite. Many of these laminae may have originated as calcite suspensoids which settled to the lake floor during relatively brief precipitation events, blanketing the normally richly organic substrate, smothering the cyanophyte mats, and leading to the preservation of individual organic laminae. Crystals later became enlarged and intergrown within the sediment, but this occurred early and prior to significant compaction, because detail of fragile and degradable organic constituents is commonly preserved. The likely source of the carbonate is through leaching of the local basic volcanic terrain. The precipitation of two types of calcite implies regular fluctuations in the chemistry of the lake waters, or in the factors controlling precipitation, which may have been a biogenic and/or seasonal effect.
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Childs, Becky, and Christine Mallinson. "African American English in Appalachia." English World-Wide 25, no. 1 (May 12, 2004): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.25.1.03chi.
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Recent studies of bi-ethnic enclave dialect communities in the American South suggest that earlier versions of African American speech both accommodated local dialect norms and exhibited a persistent substratal effect from the early African-European contact situation. We examine this hypothesis by considering the sociolinguistic situation in Texana, North Carolina, a small African American community in the Smoky Mountain region of Appalachia. Though its population is only about 150 residents, it is the largest African American community in the Smoky Mountains. This study considers diagnostic sociolinguistic variables for Texana residents in order to examine the extent to which the members of this African American community align their speech with local dialect norms as the basis for evaluating the status of earlier and contemporary African American English (AAE) in Appalachia. Morphosyntactic variables examined are 3rd pl. -s attachment, 3rd sg. -s absence, copula absence, and past tense be leveling; phonological variables include rhoticity, syllable coda consonant cluster reduction, and /ai/ glide weakening. When compared to cohort white Appalachian speakers, data from older Texana residents confirm the regional accommodation of earlier AAE and at the same time point toward substrate influence in the historical development of AAE. However, unlike AAE in other enclave regional contexts, we find that the dialect of younger residents is not moving toward a supraregional norm of AAE. Instead, young speakers are accommodating several key features of Southern American English, specifically the Southern Appalachian English (AppE) variety that is characteristic of the Smoky Mountain region of North Carolina. Explanations for the attested diachronic changes as well as future trajectories of change for Texana speakers must appeal to sociopsychological factors such as regional identity and orientation to explain local community language norms.
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Braymen, Charles, and Florence Neymotin. "Enclaves and entrepreneurial success." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 3, no. 2 (October 14, 2014): 197–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-08-2012-0039.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of immigrant and ethnic enclaves on the success of entrepreneurial ventures as measured by firm profits and viability. Design/methodology/approach – Data on entrepreneurs and their new firms were provided by the Kauffman Foundation and covered the years 2004-2008. These firm-level data were linked to Census 2000 Summary Files at the ZIP Code level and were used to empirically investigate the effect of enclaves. Findings – The paper found a statistically significant negative effect of immigrant representation in an area on firm profitability. This effect operated on native, rather than immigrant, firm owners, which suggested that native-owned firms locating in immigrant enclaves may experience difficulty assimilating the benefits that enclaves offer. Practical implications – Cultural connections within local communities play a key role in the success of new businesses. Potential firms should recognize the importance of these connections when making firm location decisions. Likewise, the findings suggest that connections within local communities should be considered when designing aid programs. Originality/value – The authors used a unique measure of enclave representation to incorporate both immigrant, as well as ethnic, representation in the local area. The authors examined the effect of immigration on both immigrant- and native-owned firms in order to provide a broader scope and a more complete understanding of the effects of immigration on entrepreneurial ventures.
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Vanjara, Pratik. "Information Technology use in agriculture." Oriental journal of computer science and technology 10, no. 3 (September 25, 2017): 664–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojcst/10.03.16.
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Two major trends that have an effect on our planet: increase and urbanization. The anticipated increase for the primary one and half this century is discouraging. Betting on the estimate, there'll be nine to ten billion individuals by mid-century. This population is simply beneath seven billion that means that there'll be a couple of fifty percentage increases from the start to the center of this century. One could dialogue the relative accuracy of explicit models, however all of them agree that there'll be several, more mouths to enclose the approaching decades. IT has reworked several different aspects of human endeavor and has helped produce systems for responding to a good varies of social group wants. Indeed, transportation, communication, national security, and health systems square measure utterly dependent thereon to perform even basic functions. However, data, and its automatic technological embodiment, has not compact agriculture to identical level.
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Layard, Antonia. "Law and localism: the case of multiple occupancy housing." Legal Studies 32, no. 4 (December 2012): 551–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2012.00229.x.
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This paper investigates how planning regulation constructs the local, encapsulating a locality and prioritising local decision making over regional and national scales. It draws on a case study of the regulation of multiple occupation to make three interrelated points. First, the analysis emphasises the plurality of ‘locals’ and the interrelationships between them. Secondly, the paper explains how the juridification of the local is required to make a locality legally visible. This operationalisation and construction of the local (legally, spatially and socially) must take place before the political logic of localism, the prioritisation of local decision making over other scales of governance, can take legal effect. Thirdly, the paper explains how, once the ‘local’ is legally constructed and can make decisions, this prioritisation of apparently neutral local expertise and knowledge can act to enclose the spatial and social with sometimes powerful exclusionary and regressive effects.
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Burdekin, M., and H. J. Pahk. "The Application of a Microcomputer to the on-line Calibration of the Flatness of Engineering Surfaces." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 203, no. 2 (May 1989): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_058_02.
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In this paper, a microcomputer aided system for the calibration of the flatness of engineering surfaces is proposed. Rectangular grid-type measurement procedures with closing error technique are offered for angular assessment on the surfaces using electronic precision level. A new technique called ‘enclose tilt technique’ (ETT) is developed for the analysis of flatness in terms of minimum zone, and defines the flatness in terms of British and ISO standards. These measurement analysis processes are performed on-line with a microcomputer using an analogue/digital interface, amplifier with low-pass filter, triggering technique, etc., and appropriate high-level and low-level programming language. A practical flatness calibration of a granite table has been performed for application, and the results are shown with up to 0.1 μm uncertainty. The effect of the weight of the precision level, and the rigidity test of the granite table have also been assessed.
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S., Jagadeep Chandra, Mahadeva Murthy S., and Ranjana Ramesh. "EVALUATION OF THE WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF CAESALPINIA BONDUCELLA AND CYCLEA PELTATA EXTRACTS IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED DIABETIC RATS." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 10 (October 2, 2017): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i10.19788.
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Objective: The present study was conducted to verify the effect of Caesalpinia bonducella and Cyclea peltata extracts on experimentally induced excision wounds in diabetic rats.Methods: Methanolic and ethyl acetate extract of test sample in PEG base was applied and observed for wound healing effect for a period of 15 d.Results: The data demonstrated statistically significant wound contraction up to 98% in the treated sample as compared to 90% in diabetic control group. The results correlated (r ³ 0.95) with fasting blood glucose level, indicating the deleterious effect of hyperglycemia in wound healing. Histopathological studies indicated moderate granulation with marked epithelial enclose and moderate hyperplasia in groups treated with high dose (100 mg/kg BW) of methanolic extract of aerial part of Cyclea peltata and root of Caesalpinia bonducella. Conclusion: From the study, it can be hypothesized that tested plant extracts favours wound healing in diabetic animals and paves the way for the more detailed study of the phytochemical constituent for therapeutic applications. The present investigation adds to the existing knowledge in the field of therapeutic medicine and may even become the base for the development of herbal based gel formulations or ointments for treating wounds in diabetic patients and thereby continuous usage of synthetic drugs, its associated side effects could be avoided.
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Hem-Lee-Forsyth, Shivaughn, Bibiana Sandoval, and Hanna Bryant. "A tridimensional view of the Hispanic Health Paradox: Its relationship with faith, the enclave theory, and familism." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 317–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.812.11476.
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This paper examines the "Hispanic (American) Health Paradox," the juxtaposition of Hispanics’ longer lifespan than the average American amid numerous inequities regarding social determinants of health. Hispanic Americans endure multiple health disparities with a higher incidence and prevalence of chronic conditions. They also experience multiple psychosocial and physical health challenges, including higher rates of food insecurity, poverty, segregation, discrimination, and limited or no access to medical care. Nevertheless, Hispanics enjoy better physical well-being and lower mortality rates when compared to non-Hispanics in the United States (Ruiz et al., 2021). This project aims to analyze the sources of this group’s biosocial advantages and resilience, allowing them to have a longer lifespan amidst their lower health status and increased risk for chronic conditions. It explores the political and social justice implications of these inequities. It also examines the strategies to close the gap on Latinos' current health care disparities via public policy aspects of federal and state legislature. A narrative review method was utilized to examine the existing literature on this paradoxical effect. Keywords based on Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) used to search resources for relevant studies included: Hispanic health paradox (health paradox, immigrant paradox), ethnic minorities (Latinos, LatinX), health disparities (disproportionate health, health inequities), social justice (healthcare stakeholders, health inequities solutions, inequities recommendations), mental health, physical health, and co-morbidities. A quality assessment of full-text peer-reviewed articles yielded 80 articles to compile this narrative review. The research revealed that, despite glaring disparities in social determinants of health, Hispanic Americans have overall experienced better health outcomes through a culture that emphasizes spirituality, community support, and strong family ties.
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Houtz, P. K., P. D. Jones, N. E. Aronson, L. M. Richardson, and S. J. Lai-Fook. "Effect of pancreatic and leukocyte elastase on hydraulic conductivity in lung interstitial segments." Journal of Applied Physiology 97, no. 6 (December 2004): 2139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00567.2004.
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Elastase-induced changes in flow were used to quantify the degradation of lung interstitial elastin. Degassed rabbit lungs were inflated with silicon rubber via airways and vessels. The lungs were cut into 1-cm-thick sections. Two chambers were bonded to each section to enclose the interstitium surrounding an arterial segment. Flow of albumin solution (0–5 g/dl) between the chambers was followed by that of the albumin solution with 0.25 g/dl pancreatic elastase solution. Driving pressure was 5 cmH20, and mean interstitial pressure was either 0 or 10 cmH2O. Elastase caused an increase in flow in ∼70% of the interstitial segments and a reduction in flow in the remaining segments. The elastase-induced response in flow was independent of both albumin concentration and mean interstitial pressure. Leukocyte elastase (5 units/dl) produced flow responses similar to those of 0.25 g/dl pancreatic elastase. The increased flow of leukocyte elastase was reduced by a subsequent flow with 0.25 g/dl pancreatic elastase but enhanced by a subsequent flow with a 10-fold lower concentration. A change in the order of the elastase flows reversed the concentration-dependent responses. This behavior suggests a complex interaction among the interstitial fibers after degradation by pancreatic and leukocyte elastase. Endogenous elastase-induced increases in interstitial permeability might affect blood-lymph barrier permeability, whereas elastase-induced cessation of flow might be related to the alveolar septal wall destruction observed in emphysema.
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Mutlu, Mustafa. "Effect of Zero Air Change Rate On Particle Dispersion in A Room with Floor Heating." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 02037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911102037.
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Dispersion of airborne particles in the office and residential areas should be well known as these particles in an enclosed volume has a significant effect on human health. In this study, the effect of the floor heating system, which is often preferred by end users due to the energy efficiency of low heating systems, on particle distribution in a room was investigated numerically. It is essential to examine the floor heating having a significant place among low heating systems, concerning particle dispersion. In enclose volumes, ambient air should be replaced with fresh air that is supplied from outdoor in order to ensure indoor air quality. However, the ideal air change rates may not be met for daily use, even in some cases air change rates might be zero. Therefore, in this study absence of air change were assumed, and after temperature and velocity distributions were determined, five different sized particles were tracked by using Eulerian-Lagrangian model. Additionally, three heating capacities (35 W/m2 41.25 W/m2 and 47 W/m2) of the floor heating system were investigated. In this study, where computational fluid dynamics were used, the effect of drag, lift, thermophoretic and Brownian forces were considered. It was found that particles were settled on walls and ceiling due to zero air change rate, and particle concentration rises in the lower part of the wall as particle diameter increases.
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Gareev, T., V. Zhdanov, and G. Fedorov. "New Economy of Kaliningrad Region." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 2 (February 20, 2005): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2005-2-23-39.
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Since 1991 the regime of the free (since 1996 - of the special) economic zone has been in effect in Kaliningrad region. The regime has considerably determined the economic development of the region. Before 1998 drastic recession had affected traditional industries as well as construction and agriculture and most of the service industries. But after 1998, as the Russian economy began to recover from the crisis and the Russian market started to expand, the aforementioned economic regime led to high rates of production growth and to the development of a new regional economy oriented at import substitution and servicing foreign economic relations. At present, when the region has turned into an enclave within the European Union, and the "zonal" mechanism is being questioned, a threat of new drastic breakage of the established economic structure emerges, followed by unavoidable negative social consequences. The ways of modernization of the regional economic mechanism based on the improvement of the law on the Special Economic Zone are analyzed in the article.
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PRIHODKO, Ganna, Oleksandra PRYKHODCHENKO, and Halyna MOROSHKINA. "Projections of Intermediality in a Literary Text." WISDOM 15, no. 2 (August 23, 2020): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v15i2.348.
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The article is devoted to the study of linguistic manifestations of intermediality in English-language literary texts of the 20th – 21st centuries. Intermediality is understood as a special type of structural interconnections within a work of art, based on the interaction of various types of art-languages in a system of single literary text. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of such figurative structures that enclose information about another type of art. In the course of the analysis, it was established that the implementation of intermedial connections of literary, musical and visual texts interacting in the space of the semiosphere is carried out by borrowing of compositional-structural and plot-shaped means, which leads to the creolization of the transmitted message, providing a pragmatic effect on the recipient with a combination of verbal-iconic elements . The intermedial mechanism of combining codes of different semiotic systems contributes to the transfer of an artistic image in the text at different levels of abstraction.
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Frade, Raquel FM, and Carlos AM Afonso. "Impact of ionic liquids in environment and humans: An overview." Human & Experimental Toxicology 29, no. 12 (May 28, 2010): 1038–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327110371259.
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Ionic liquids enclose a large number of molecular structures consisting of a cation and an anion. Their physical state and their chemical properties can be tuned by different combination of the ions and a large number of ionic liquids have already been reported. Toxicity of ionic liquids is a subject of great importance concerning their likely use as greener solvents and new materials for a broad number of potential applications. This review provides relevant toxicological data published so far about this topic and includes a large range of ionic liquids based on different cations (imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium and guanidinium) and anions (halogens-Br, Cl, bis (trifluoromethyl)sulfonylamide, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, dicyanamide, acesulfame and saccharin, amongst others). In general, toxicity of ionic liquids depends on both ions and the effect of the cation alkyl chain length is very pronounced although the type of anion also exerts impact on the overall toxicity.
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Kelly, Gregory Mitchell, and Erwin Huebner. "The effects of the insect growth regulator fenoxycarb on Rhodnius prolixus (Insecta, Hemiptera) embryogenesis." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 11 (November 1, 1986): 2425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-362.
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Embryonic development of the hemipteran Rhodnius prolixus is perturbed by fenoxycarb (Ro 13.5223, Dr. R. Maag Ltd.), a non-neurotoxic insect growth regulator. Degree of perturbation is dependent on dose applied and embryonic stage at application time. Day 5 embryos were the most sensitive over a broad dose range. Treatment on day 8 had little effect, with normal hatching occurring 1 week later. Three developmental stages were most sensitive to perturbation: katatrepsis, dorsal closure, and eclosion. Katatrepsis, which normally occurs 168 h postoviposition, was the stage most prominently affected, suggesting that fenoxycarb interferes with basic mechanisms underlying this morphogenetic movement. Dorsal closure was the second most sensistive stage, the defect being characterized by embryos failing to completely enclose the yolk. Embryos receiving very low doses successfully completed katatrepsis and dorsal closure but were unable to hatch. Results demonstrate that fenozycarb may be a useful experimental tool for examining the normal cellular mechanisms of insect embryogenesis.
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Rummings, Wayne, P. Honeycutt, Edward Jernigan, Paul Weinhold, and Reid Draeger. "Effect of Nerve-Cutting Technique on Nerve Microstructure and Neuroma Formation." Journal of Hand and Microsurgery 11, no. 01 (September 27, 2018): 028–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1654751.
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Abstract Background Peripheral neuroma formation results from partial or complete nerve division. Elucidating measures to prevent the development of peripheral neuromas is of clinical importance. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of various surgical nerve-cutting techniques on nerve microstructure and resultant neuroma formation. Methods Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of the following nerve-cutting techniques: No. 15 scalpel blade with tongue depressor, micro-serrated scissors, nerve-cutting guide forceps with straight razor, and bipolar cauterization. The right sciatic nerve was transected using the assigned nerve-cutting technique. Neuromas were harvested 6 weeks postoperatively, and samples were obtained for histologic analysis. The contralateral sciatic nerve was transected at euthanasia and analyzed with histology and with scanning electron microscopy in a subset of the rats. Results Fifteen of the 20 rats survived the 6-week experiment. Scanning electron microscopy of the No. 15 scalpel blade group showed the most visual damage and disorganization whereas the nerve-cutting guide forceps and micro-serrated scissors groups resulted in a smooth transected surface. Bipolar cauterization appeared to enclose the fascicular architecture within a sealed epineurium. Each neuroma was significantly larger than contralateral controls. There were no significant differences in neuroma caliber between nerve transection groups. No substantial differences in microstructure were evident between transection groups. Conclusion Despite disparate microscopic appearances of the cut surfaces of nerves using various nerve-cutting techniques, we found no significant differences in the caliber or incidence of neuroma formation based on nerve-cutting technique. Nerve-cutting technique used when transecting peripheral nerves may have little bearing on the formation or size of resultant neuroma formation.
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Scortichini, Matteo, Manuela De Sario, Francesca de’Donato, Marina Davoli, Paola Michelozzi, and Massimo Stafoggia. "Short-Term Effects of Heat on Mortality and Effect Modification by Air Pollution in 25 Italian Cities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (August 17, 2018): 1771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081771.
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Evidence on the health effects of extreme temperatures and air pollution is copious. However few studies focused on their interaction. The aim of this study is to evaluate daily PM10 and ozone as potential effect modifiers of the relationship between temperature and natural mortality in 25 Italian cities. Time-series analysis was run for each city. To evaluate interaction, a tensor product between mean air temperature (lag 0–3) and either PM10 or ozone (both lag 0–5) was defined and temperature estimates were extrapolated at low, medium, and high levels of pollutants. Heat effects were estimated as percent change in mortality for increases in temperature between 75th and 99th percentiles. Results were pooled by geographical area. Differential temperature-mortality risks by air pollutants were found. For PM10, estimates ranged from 3.9% (low PM10) to 14.1% (high PM10) in the North, from 3.6% to 24.4% in the Center, and from 7.5% to 21.6% in the South. Temperature-related mortality was similarly modified by ozone in northern and central Italy, while no effect modification was observed in the South. This study underlines the synergistic effects of heat and air pollution on mortality. Considering the predicted increase in heat waves and stagnation events in the Mediterranean countries such as Italy, it is time to enclose air pollution within public health heat prevention plans.
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Walck, Jeffrey L., M. Shea Cofer, K. M. G. Gehan Jayasuriya, M. Thilina R. Fernando, and Siti N. Hidayati. "A temperate rhamnaceous species with a non-enclosing stone and without physical dormancy." Seed Science Research 22, no. 4 (November 9, 2012): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258512000219.
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AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the dormancy break and germination requirements of seeds from the rhamnaceous vine Berchemia scandens. The fleshy fruit contains a two-locular stone with an endocarp described as ‘bony, thickish’. Scarified and non-scarified stones increased by about 30–50% in mass during imbibition over a 24-h period. The endocarp of the stone does not completely enclose the seeds and a soft tissue region is present. This region is the primary area of water entrance to the seed, as shown by dye-tracking and by sealing it. Freshly matured and overwintered seeds of B. scandens germinated to low percentages at all temperatures during 2 weeks of incubation in light, and they germinated from moderate to high percentages during 12–14 weeks of incubation in light. While cold stratification had a relatively modest effect on the promotion of total germination across most temperatures assessed (if seeds were left for long enough), it had a somewhat stronger effect on germination rate. Cold-stratified seeds germinated equally well in light and darkness. The class of dormancy found in seeds of B. scandens would be physiological. The anatomy of the stones readily allows water imbibition, showing that seeds of B. scandens lack physical dormancy, an uncommon trait in Rhamnaceae.
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Xu, Haiyu, Kai Luo, Chuang Huang, and Zhenhao Zuo. "Influence of Flow Field's Radial Dimension on Ventilated Supercavitating Flow." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 38, no. 3 (June 2020): 478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20203830478.
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To investigate the influence of flow field's radial dimension on the flow of the portion gas-leakage supercavity, based on the two-fluid multiphase flow model and SST turbulence model, considering the compressibility of ventilated gas, a 3D simulation model of ventilated supercavity was established to simulate the flow of the supercavitation, which was consistent with water tunnel experiment. The effect of flow field's radial dimension on ventilated supercavity's dimension and pressure distribution was studied. The results show that flow field's radial dimension has a significant effect on the ventilated supercavity's dimension and pressure distribution. When flow field's radial dimension ratio is 6.5 times lower than the maximum diameter of supercavity, the supercavity cannot be formed to completely enclose the underwater vehicle. With the increase of flow field's radial dimension, the pressure inside and outside the supercavity decreases, and there is a pronounced increase in supercavity dimension. When flow field's radial dimension ratio is 54.0 times greater than the maximum diameter of supercavity, the dimension and pressure distribution of ventilated supercavity remain unchanged, which coincides with the theoretical results. In addition, the calculation results provide a criterion for simulating the shape of ventilated supercavity in the open environment, which can be used to guide engineering practice.
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Aulia, Titania, Yohanes Karyadi Kusliansjah, and Hartanto Budiyuwono. "The effect of public park boundary order on the environmental control of local government central offices." ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v6i3.833.
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The existence of park facilities as public open spaces is a phenomenon of development activities that are much done, referring to the need for interaction space for the community. The function of the park in its development cannot be separated from the historical value since the colonial era, where its existence is a form of providing green open space oriented to parks in Europe. Seeing the reality of its development, the park facilities now are not only built in the city enclave, but also penetrate into formal environments such as government offices. Bandung, Surabaya and Semarang are the 3 (three) examples of capitals in Indonesia that carried out that development, which are the City Hall complex. The two facilities located in one area can encourage issues regarding the borders of public parks which accommodate informal activities over the control of the city government center office environment structure as an existing building that accommodates formal activities. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative through an analytical approach based on theory. The analysis is carried out by observing the landscape layout and functions since its inception in order to find out what aspects are maintained or transformed. After that, regarding the ownership of the elements of its present spatial borders. Based on research, Bandung, Surabaya, and Semarang City Hall shows that the existence of public parks in an office environment results in an arrangement that can influence the overall arrangement and user movement pattern of the environment.
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Li, Qiang, Bingyan Jiang, Xianglin Li, and Mingyong Zhou. "Investigation of Solvent-Assisted In-Mold Bonding of Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (COC) Microfluidic Chips." Micromachines 13, no. 6 (June 18, 2022): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13060965.
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The bonding of microfluidic chips is an essential process to enclose microchannels or microchambers in a lab-on-a-chip. In order to improve the bonding quality while reducing the fabrication time, a solvent-assisted bonding strategy was proposed to seal the microchannels immediately after the cover sheet and substrate chip was injection molded in a single mold. Proper organic solvents were selected and the influences of solvent ratios on the surface roughness, microchannel morphology, and contact angle of microfluidic chips were investigated. When the solvent bonding was integrated in the mold, the influences of solvent volume fraction, solvent dosage, bonding pressure, and bonding time on the bonding quality were analyzed. Results show that the solvent cyclohexane needs to be mixed with isopropanol to reduce the dissolution effect. Solvent treatment is suggested to be performed on the cover sheet with a cyclohexane volume fraction of 70% and a dose of 1.5 mL, a bonding pressure of 2 MPa, and a bonding time of 240 s. The bonding strength reaches 913 kPa with the optimized parameters, while the microchannel deformation was controlled below 8%.
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Chouaibi, Jamel, Ghazi Zouari, and Sawssen Khlifi. "How does the real earnings management affect firms innovative? Evidence from US firms." International Journal of Law and Management 61, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-10-2017-0240.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of R&D intensity on the real earnings management index.Design/methodology/approachThe authors proceed with dividing the full sample into two sub-samples, in accordance with the R&D associated intensity median. The final test sample proves to involve 73 firms along with 949 relating observations, while the control sample appears to enclose 65 firms and 845 relevant observations for the period 2000-2012.FindingsThe main finding of this study is the great influence of R&D intensity on the real earnings management index on the test sample. Accordingly, the proposed hypothesis stipulating that the innovative firms engage in upward real earnings management turns out to be strongly supported.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was conducted using robust methods to test the effect of R&D intensity on the real earnings management index. The generalized least squares method was used to fit panel data and overcome heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation problems. The aim of the study was to prove the great effect of R&D intensity on the real earnings management index. As this study was based on data from American companies, the results cannot be generalized to all contexts.Originality/valueThis paper differs from previous work and tests the effect of innovative firms, the market-to-book ratio on real earnings management. The findings of this study will enrich the literature on real earnings management by suggesting R&D intensity that can significantly enhance the real earnings management index. Therefore, these findings will be helpful to investors, managers and regulators because they have implications for the interactive decision-making process.
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Horky, Pavel, Sylvie Skalickova, Daria Baholet, and Jiri Skladanka. "Nanoparticles as a Solution for Eliminating the Risk of Mycotoxins." Nanomaterials 8, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8090727.
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Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain filamentous fungi. The occurrence of mycotoxins in food and feed causes negative health impacts on both humans and animals. Clay binders, yeast cell walls, or antioxidant additives are the most widely used products for mycotoxin elimination to reduce their impact. Although conventional methods are constantly improving, current research trends are looking for innovative solutions. Nanotechnology approaches seem to be a promising, effective, and low-cost way to minimize the health effects of mycotoxins. This review aims to shed light on the critical knowledge gap in mycotoxin elimination by nanotechnology. There are three main strategies: mold inhibition, mycotoxin adsorption, and reducing the toxic effect via nanoparticles. One of the most promising methods is the use of carbon-based nanomaterials. Graphene has been shown to have a huge surface and high binding capacity for mycotoxins. Attention has also been drawn to polymeric nanoparticles; they could substitute adsorbents or enclose any substance, which would improve the health status of the organism. In light of these findings, this review gives new insights into possible future research that might overcome challenges associated with nanotechnology utilization for mycotoxin elimination from agricultural products.
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You, Yong, Ling Tu, Yajie Wang, Lifen Tong, Renbo Wei, and Xiaobo Liu. "Achieving Secondary Dispersion of Modified Nanoparticles by Hot-Stretching to Enhance Dielectric and Mechanical Properties of Polyarylene Ether Nitrile Composites." Nanomaterials 9, no. 7 (July 12, 2019): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9071006.
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Enhanced dielectric and mechanical properties of polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) are obtained through secondary dispersion of polyaniline functionalized barium titanate (PANI-f-BT) by hot-stretching. PANI-f-BT nanoparticles with different PANI content are successfully prepared via in-situ aniline polymerization technology. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic instrument (XPS) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results confirm that the PANI layers uniformly enclose on the surface of BaTiO3 nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are used as functional fillers to compound with PEN (PEN/PANI-f-BT) for studying its effect on the mechanical and dielectric performance of the obtained composites. In addition, the nanocomposites are uniaxial hot-stretched by 50% and 100% at 280 °C to obtain the oriented nanocomposite films. The results exhibit that the PANI-f-BT nanoparticles present good compatibility and dispersion in the PEN matrix, and the hot-stretching endows the second dispersion of PANI-f-BT in PEN resulting in enhanced mechanical properties, crystallinity and permittivity-temperature stability of the nanocomposites. The excellent performances of the nanocomposites indicate that a new approach for preparing high-temperature-resistant dielectric films is provided.
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Naylor, Dean J., and F. Ulrich Hartl. "Contribution of molecular chaperones to protein folding in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells." Biochemical Society Symposia 68 (August 1, 2001): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bss0680045.
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While it is clear that many unfolded proteins can attain their native state spontaneously in vitro, the efficiency of such folding is usually limited to conditions far removed from those encountered within cells. Two properties of the cellular environment are expected to enhance strongly the propensity of incompletely folded polypeptides to misfold and aggregate: the crowding effect caused by the high concentration of macromolecules, and the close proximity of nascent polypeptide chains emerging from polyribosomes. However, in the living cell, non-productive protein folding is in many, if not most, cases prevented by the action of a highly conserved set of proteins termed molecular chaperones. In the cytoplasm, the Hsp70 (heat-shock protein of 70 kDa) and chaperonin families of molecular chaperones appear to be the major contributors to efficient protein folding during both normal conditions and adverse conditions such as heat stress. Hsp70 chaperones recognize and shield short, hydrophobic peptide segments in the context of non-native polypeptides and probably promote folding by decreasing the concentration of aggregation-prone intermediates. In contrast, the chaperonins interact with and globally enclose collapsed folding intermediates in a central cavity where efficient folding can proceed in a protected environment. For a number of proteins, folding requires the co-ordinated action of both of these molecular chaperones.
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Vitale, Alessandro. "Protectionism and the global trade stagnation." Przegląd Europejski, no. 4-2020 (December 14, 2020): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.4.20.12.
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The protectionism of the last twelve years is forcing many countries to backtrack in the face of the devastating consequences of those policies on their economies and the world trade. The pandemic COVID-19 has highlighted even more how those policies may be destructive and produce impoverishment. The current global pandemic crisis is producing an abrupt and probably very long braking effect on international trade. However, it would be wrong to consider it as the exclusive or the most important cause of global trade stagnation. In fact, the ground had already been prepared by the economic-financial crisis of 2007–2008 and in particular by the choices of “economic nationalism” of neo-protectionist type, which made a precise political use of the modern linear border. Globalisation means mainly the overcoming of political barriers, borders, and the opening to the global free trade market. On the contrary, it is now still hindered by heavy political factors, among which protectionism has been the main one for many years. Those policies, implemented on the large areas by major world powers, have caused a long phase of “de-globalisation”, characterised by the renewed use of the modern border to enclose economies, well before the pandemic crisis.
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Schäfer, R., J. Woenckhaus, J. A. Becker, and F. Hensel. "Polarizabilities of Isolated Silicon Clusters." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 50, no. 4-5 (May 1, 1995): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1995-4-518.
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The static electric polarizabilities a of silicon clusters with up to 60 atoms have been measured employing a mass selective molecular beam deflection method. The polarizability per atom αN = α/N of the SiN-clusters has been investigated for Si11 and the size ranges N = 14-28, 22-34, 28-44, 34-50, 41 -58, and 42-68. The results show that the polarizability per atom decreases from N = 11 until a minimum at N≥28 is reached. The polarizability per atom increases for N > 28, passes through a maximum at N≈36 and finally converges between N≈50-70 against the value αN =1.9Å3. If the model of a homogeneous dielectric sphere is applied to the larger clusters one calculates that the value αN =1.9Å3 corresponds to a dielectric constant of ε = 3.2. This value is significantly smaller than the dielectric constant of bulk silicon εb = 11.8. The present paper focuses on the maximum in the polarizability at N≈36. This effect is discussed with special emphasis to recent Car-Parinello calculations which have predicted cage-like silicon structures that enclose a core of several highly coordinated atoms. This structure suggests an improved dielectric sphere model where the core is represented by a smaller sphere with its own dielectric constant εc. It is shown within this model that the observed maximum in polarizability is due to a significant enhancement of the core dielectric constant to a value of εc ≈50. This enhancement is related by means of a simple model to the effect that silicon becomes metallic under high pressure
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Christian, Ishmael Ofoli, Thomas Anning-Dorson, and Nii Nookwei Tackie. "Customer loyalty and value anticipation: does perceived competition matter?" African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 12, no. 2 (May 3, 2021): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-09-2020-0443.
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PurposeDrawing on customer value theory and the demanding nature of today's customers, this paper examines the moderating effects of competition, as perceived by customers, on the nexus between customer value anticipation (CVA), satisfaction and loyalty.Design/methodology/approachUtilizing data from the Ghanaian banking sector, which has been going through some reforms that are changing the banking landscape, the study analyzes data from 587 customers. Respondents were drawn from a cluster of banks within an enclave with different types of customers and epitomize the competitive nature of Ghana's banking sector.FindingsCVA drives customer satisfaction, attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty among bank customers. However, between attitudinal and behavioral loyalty, customers will be more behaviorally loyal to banks that successfully anticipate their needs than they would be in attitude. The relationships between CVA and satisfaction and loyalty are such that the level of competition among sector players does not alter the effect; thus, when a bank is able to anticipate customer value, customers are going to stay loyal to such a bank irrespective of the competitive offers.Originality/valueAlthough the impact CVA has on satisfaction and loyalty is justified in the existing literature, extant research has not systematically examined the influence of external boundary and situational effects on the potency of anticipating customer value in detail. The current study shows the effect of competition on CVA and customer behavioral outcome. The study further concludes that irrespective of competition, banks that are perceived to be high on CVA will have their customers being loyal. This is very important in the development of bank marketing and product innovation strategies.
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Paul, A. J., L. T. Bach, K. G. Schulz, T. Boxhammer, J. Czerny, E. P. Achterberg, D. Hellemann, et al. "Effect of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on organic matter pools and fluxes in a summer Baltic Sea plankton community." Biogeosciences 12, no. 20 (October 28, 2015): 6181–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6181-2015.
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Abstract. Ocean acidification is expected to influence plankton community structure and biogeochemical element cycles. To date, the response of plankton communities to elevated CO2 has been studied primarily during nutrient-stimulated blooms. In this CO2 manipulation study, we used large-volume (~ 55 m3) pelagic in situ mesocosms to enclose a natural summer, post-spring-bloom plankton assemblage in the Baltic Sea to investigate the response of organic matter pools to ocean acidification. The carbonate system in the six mesocosms was manipulated to yield average fCO2 ranging between 365 and ~ 1230 μatm with no adjustment of naturally available nutrient concentrations. Plankton community development and key biogeochemical element pools were subsequently followed in this nitrogen-limited ecosystem over a period of 7 weeks. We observed higher sustained chlorophyll a and particulate matter concentrations (~ 25 % higher) and lower inorganic phosphate concentrations in the water column in the highest fCO2 treatment (1231 μatm) during the final 2 weeks of the study period (Phase III), when there was low net change in particulate and dissolved matter pools. Size-fractionated phytoplankton pigment analyses indicated that these differences were driven by picophytoplankton (< 2 μm) and were already established early in the experiment during an initial warm and more productive period with overall elevated chlorophyll a and particulate matter concentrations. However, the influence of picophytoplankton on bulk organic matter pools was masked by high biomass of larger plankton until Phase III, when the contribution of the small size fraction (< 2 μm) increased to up to 90 % of chlorophyll a. In this phase, a CO2-driven increase in water column particulate carbon did not lead to enhanced sinking material flux but was instead reflected in increased dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Hence ocean acidification may induce changes in organic matter partitioning in the upper water column during the low-nitrogen summer period in the Baltic Sea.
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Nayak, Manan, Paul Nguyen, Ilana Braun, and Russell K. Schutt. "Exploring "the healthy immigrant effect" among elderly Asian patients with cancer: A nationwide population-based assessment." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): 10567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.10567.
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10567 Background: Asian Americans are the fastest-growing immigrant group in the U.S. As the oldest immigrant group on average, they are at heightened risk for cancer and other diseases. This study explored whether the risk is mitigated by the healthy immigrant effect (HIE), an epidemiological phenomenon that has been well documented among Latino immigrants. Evidence of a healthy immigrant effect among Asians as a whole or in specific Asian subgroups is limited, and almost none focus on the elderly with a cancer diagnosis. This original research study examines the evidence for an HIE in a large ethnically diverse sample of elderly persons with a cancer diagnosis. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study utilizing data collected across 14 regions of the U.S. SEER-Medicare Health Outcomes Survey (SEER-MHOS), a linked dataset sponsored by the NCI and the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine HIE among Asians in the aggregate and subgroups of Asians for smoking and body mass index (BMI), using survey language and ethnic concentration as proxies for nativity. Results: Asians, in the aggregate, had comparable social backgrounds and had better health behaviors (i.e., lower smoking and BMI) than non-Hispanic Whites. When Asians were disaggregated, Hawaiians and Japanese had higher smoking and obesity rates than Chinese. A protective effect was observed among Asians in the aggregate living in an ethnic enclave with lower smoking prevalence and lower BMI. Chinese respondents opting to complete surveys in their native language or living in ethnic enclaves were less likely to be overweight, but no significant associations were found in relation to their smoking. Conclusions: Support for a healthy immigrant effect was largely consistent for Asians in the aggregate with respect to both language and ethnic concentration, but support was mixed among subgroups of Chinese patients. The presence of the HIE suggests that the health status and needs of recent Asian immigrants seeking oncologic care may be different than Asians who have been in the U.S. longer. These findings suggest a need for community-based efforts to encourage preservation of a healthier living style observed among first-generation immigrants.
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Chuvilin, Evgeny, and Boris Bukhanov. "Thermal Conductivity of Frozen Sediments Containing Self-Preserved Pore Gas Hydrates at Atmospheric Pressure: An Experimental Study." Geosciences 9, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9020065.
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The paper presents the results of an experimental thermal conductivity study of frozen artificial and natural gas hydrate-bearing sediments at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa). Samples of hydrate-saturated sediments are highly stable and suitable for the determination of their physical properties, including thermal conductivity, due to the self-preservation of pore methane hydrate at negative temperatures. It is suggested to measure the thermal conductivity of frozen sediments containing self-preserved pore hydrates by a KD-2 needle probe which causes very little thermal impact on the samples. As shown by the special measurements of reference materials with known thermal conductivities, the values measured with the KD-2 probe are up to 20% underestimated and require the respective correction. Frozen hydrate-bearing sediments differ markedly in thermal conductivity from reference frozen samples of the same composition but free from pore hydrate. The difference depends on the physical properties of the sediments and on changes in their texture and structure associated with the self-preservation effect. Namely, it increases proportionally to the volumetric hydrate content, hydrate saturation, and the percentage of water converted to hydrate. Thermal conductivity is anisotropic in core samples of naturally frozen sediments that enclose visible ice-hydrate lenses and varies with the direction of measurements with respect to the lenses. Thermal conductivity measurements with the suggested method provide a reliable tool for detection of stable and relict gas hydrates in permafrost.
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Yuan, Jianhua, and Ya Yan Lu. "Dirichlet-to-Neumann Map Method with Boundary Cells for Photonic Crystals Devices." Communications in Computational Physics 9, no. 1 (January 2011): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.250909.230410a.
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AbstractIn a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PhC) composed of circular cylinders (dielectric rods or air holes) on a square or triangular lattice, various PhC devices can be created by removing or modifying some cylinders. Most existing numerical methods for PhC devices give rise to large sparse or smaller but dense linear systems, all of which are expensive to solve if the device is large. In a previous work [Z. Hu et al., Optics Express, 16 (2008), 17383-17399], an efficient Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DtN) map method was developed for general 2D PhC devices with an infinite background PhC to take full advantage of the underlying lattice structure. The DtN map of a unit cell is an operator that maps the wave field to its normal derivative on the cell boundary and it allows one to avoid computing the wave field in the interior of the unit cell. In this paper, we extend the DtN map method to PhC devices with a finite background PhC. Since there is no bandgap effect to confine the light in a finite PhC, a different technique for truncating the domain is needed. We enclose the finite structure with a layer of empty boundary and corner unit cells, and approximate the DtN maps of these cells based on expanding the scattered wave in outgoing plane waves. Our method gives rise to a relatively small and sparse linear systems that are particularly easy to solve.