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Journal articles on the topic 'Effet de flexion'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 18 July 2023

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1

Menigaux, C., X. Dupont, P. Alfonsi, M. Estève, F. Guirimand, C. Lebrault, and M. Chauvin. "Effet du Métoclopramide sur le Réflexe Nociceptif de Flexion." Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation 12, no. 12 (1993): R157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0750-7658(16)30157-5.

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2

van den Berg, Stephen, Yves Busegnie, Elysée Somasse, Serge Clément, and Bernard Van Geyt. "Effet de la fibrolyse diacutanée sur l’amplitude en flexion dorsale passive de cheville." Kinésithérapie, la Revue 17, no. 181 (January 2017): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.kine.2016.09.033.

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3

Dekoster, Mickaël, François Buyle-Bodin, and Olivier Maurel. "Effet de la corrosion sur le comportement en flexion des structures en béton armé." Revue Française de Génie Civil 6, no. 5 (January 2002): 697–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12795119.2002.9692396.

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4

El Haouzali, Hafida, Rémy Marchal, and Fatima Sahban Kifani. "Les performances mécaniques des panneaux LVL : Revue bibliographique des principaux facteurs d’influence." Matériaux & Techniques 108, no. 1 (2020): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2020012.

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Les lamibois ou LVL (Laminated Veneer Lumber) sont des produits dérivés du bois, ils sont constitués de placages collés fil sur fil. Ils permettent de gagner amplement sur les valeurs mécaniques. La présente revue de littérature montre que les performances mécaniques des panneaux LVL peuvent être influencées par plusieurs facteurs notamment, l’épaisseur du placage, la fissuration du placage, le mode de jointage longitudinal et le type de colle employé. La direction de sollicitation par rapport aux plans de collage semble aussi avoir un effet non négligeable sur la résistance du LVL à la flexion statique.
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5

Roudet, Francine, and Suzanne Degallaix. "Effet du matage en fatigue par flexion trois points avec cisaillement prépondérant dans un V/E-UD." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIB - Mechanics-Physics-Astronomy 327, no. 14 (December 1999): 1363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1287-4620(00)87505-5.

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6

Vandervoort, Anthony A., Bert M. Chesworth, and Nancy S. Mick Jones. "Passive Ankle Stiffness in Young and Elderly Men." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 9, no. 2 (1990): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800013179.

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RÉSUMÉL'objet de la présente étude était de comparer l'élasticité articulatoire passive des chevilles chez les hommes de 21 à 39 ans par rapport aux hommes du troisième âge (64–87 ans). A cet effet, on a utilisé un système de torsion mécanique pour mesurer le déplacement angulaire et le degré de résistance pendant une lente rotation de la cheville (6 degrés/seconde) allant de 10 degrés de flexion plantaire à 10 degrés de flexion dorsale (FD). La torsion passive(Nm) et l'élasticité passive (Nm/degré) ont été mesurées au point mort, à 5 et à 10 degrés de FD. On a constaté que la torsion passive augmentait de façon non-linéaire à mesure que la cheville avançait vers FD. Les valeurs de torsion passive se sont avérées beaucoup plus basses dans le groupe âgé (p < .05), mais on n'a relevé aucune différence entre les deux groupes dans les mesures d'élasticité passive. Les deux variables ont donné lieu à des variations de plus grande amplitude dans le groupe âgé. Nous avons conclu que, dans la limite des mouvements testés, il n'y a aucune preuve que l'élasticité articulatoire des chevilles diminue avec l'âge.
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7

Et.touizi, Rachid, and Hassan Hassani Ameziane. "Effet de la flexion sur le comportement en « torsion mixte » des poutres en béton armé à profil ouvert." Revue Européenne de Génie Civil 9, no. 4 (May 2005): 523–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17747120.2005.9692768.

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8

Et touizi, Rachid, and Hassan Hassani Ameziane. "Effet de la flexion sur le comportement en « torsion mixte » des poutres en béton armé à profil ouvert." Revue européenne de génie civil 9, no. 4 (May 28, 2005): 523–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/regc.9.523-546.

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9

Dekoster, Mickaël, François Buyle-Bodin, and Olivier Maurel. "Effet de la corrosion sur le comportement en flexion des structures en béton armé. Etude d’une modélisation par éléments finis." Revue française de génie civil 6, no. 5 (May 28, 2002): 697–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rfgc.6.697-708.

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10

Hameau, S., N. Roche, D. Bensmail, D. Pradon, and R. Zory. "Effet d’une injection de toxine botulique du rectus femoris chez des sujets hémiplégiques marchant avec une flexion de genou réduite : effet analytique et sur l’organisation générale de la marche." Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 55 (October 2012): e324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2012.07.821.

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11

Vautier, A., C. Coffineau, N. Lampire, and P. Carne. "Effet d’une séance utilisant le robot de marche chez des patients présentant un déficit de flexion de genou en phase oscillante." Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 56 (October 2013): e183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2013.07.396.

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12

Sygouros, Antonios, Melih Motro, Faysal Ugurlu, and Ahu Acar. "Expansion maxillaire rapide assistée chirurgicalement. Évaluation de différentes techniques chirurgicales et de leur effet sur le complexe dento-squelettique maxillaire par tomographie volumique à faisceau conique (CBCT). Rapport préliminaire." L'Orthodontie Française 85, no. 2 (June 2014): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/orthodfr/2014005.

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Objectif – Évaluer et comparer les effets dento-squelettiques associés à l’expansion maxillaire rapide assistée chirurgicalement (surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion ou SARME) réalisée avec (+) et sans (–) disjonction ptérygo-maxillaire (pterygomaxillary disjunction ou PD), en utilisant la tomographie volumique à faisceau conique (cone beam computed tomography ou CBCT). Matériels et méthodes – Étude rétrospective sur neuf patients (1 homme, 8 femmes, âge moyen de 18,9 ans) ayant bénéficié de SARME et répartis en deux groupes. Dans le groupe (–PD), la technique chirurgicale suivie impliquait une ostéotomie bilatérale de type Lefort I ainsi qu’une ostéotomie médiane. Dans le groupe (+PD), le même protocole a été suivi et une disjonction ptérygoïdienne a été réalisée en plus. Des images CBCT tridimensionnelles ont été obtenues en pré-opératoire et après 3–6 mois de contention. Un disjoncteur avec résine de type Hyrax collé a été employé. Le logiciel MIMICS 14.0 (Materialise Europe, Belgique) a été utilisé pour évaluer l’expansion transversale aux niveaux squelettique, dento-alvéolaire et dentaire. De plus, les inclinaisons dentaires, la flexion alvéolaire et le schéma d’expansion sagittale ont été évalués. Le test de Wilcoxon et le test U de Mann et Whitney ont été utilisés pour les comparaisons. Résultats et discussion – Aux niveaux dentaire et dento-alvéolaire, toutes les mesures linéaires transversales ont montré une augmentation statistiquement significative (P < 0,05) dans les deux groupes traités. Au niveau squelettique, aucune différence statistiquement significative n’a été trouvée entre les deux groupes ou au sein des groupes (hormis l’expansion antérieure du maxillaire entre les rebords bilatéraux de l’orifice piriforme). Dans le groupe (–PD), une version vestibulaire significative de la première prémolaire a été observée, de même qu’une augmentation de la flexion vestibulaire de la crête alvéolaire. Conclusion – Cette étude confirme que la SARME est un traitement efficace de l’insuffisance maxillaire transversale. Le CBCT est un outil approprié pour évaluer les effets dento-squelettiques du traitement.
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13

Coratella, Giuseppe, Gianpaolo Tornatore, Stefano Longo, Fabio Esposito, and Emiliano Cè. "Bilateral Biceps Curl Shows Distinct Biceps Brachii and Anterior Deltoid Excitation Comparing Straight vs. EZ Barbell Coupled with Arms Flexion/No-Flexion." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 8, no. 1 (January 19, 2023): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8010013.

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The present study investigated the excitation of the biceps brachii and anterior deltoid during bilateral biceps curl performed using the straight vs. EZ barbell and with or without flexing the arms. Ten competitive bodybuilders performed bilateral biceps curl in non-exhaustive 6-rep sets using 8-RM in four variations: using the straight barbell flexing (STflex) or not flexing the arms (STno-flex) or the EZ barbell flexing (EZflex) or not flexing the arms (EZno-flex). The ascending and descending phases were separately analyzed using the normalized root mean square (nRMS) collected using surface electro-myography. For the biceps brachii, during the ascending phase, a greater nRMS was observed in STno-flex vs. EZno-flex (+1.8%, effect size [ES]: 0.74), in STflex vs. STno-flex (+17.7%, ES: 3.93) and in EZflex vs. EZno-flex (+20.3%, ES: 5.87). During the descending phase, a greater nRMS was observed in STflex vs. EZflex (+3.8%, ES: 1.15), in STno-flex vs. STflex (+2.8%, ES: 0.86) and in EZno-flex vs. EZflex (+8.1%, ES: 1.81). The anterior deltoid showed distinct excitation based on the arm flexion/no-flexion. A slight advantage in biceps brachii excitation appears when using the straight vs. EZ barbell. Flexing or not flexing the arms seems to uniquely excite the biceps brachii and anterior deltoid. Practitioners should consider including different bilateral biceps barbell curls in their routine to vary the neural and mechanical stimuli.
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14

LaBry, Rebecca, Paola Sbriccoli, Bing-He Zhou, and Moshe Solomonow. "Longer static flexion duration elicits a neuromuscular disorder in the lumbar spine." Journal of Applied Physiology 96, no. 5 (May 2004): 2005–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01190.2003.

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The objective of this study was to assess the impact of two sequential long, static, anterior lumbar flexions on the development of a neuromuscular disorder and to compare it with previously obtained data from a series of short static flexion periods of the same cumulative time (Sbriccoli P, Solomonow M, Zhou BH, Baratta RV, Lu Y, Zhu MP, and Burger EL, Muscle Nerve 29: 300-308, 2004). Static flexions with loads of 20, 40, and 60 N were applied to the lumbar spine over two 30-min periods with a 10-min rest in between. The reflex EMG activity from the multifidus muscles and supraspinous ligament displacement (creep) was recorded during the flexion periods. Creep and EMG were also monitored over 7 h of rest following the work-rest-work cycle. It was found that the creep that developed in the first 30-min flexion period did not recover completely during the following 10 min of rest, giving rise to a large cumulative creep at the end of the work-rest-work session. Spasms were frequently seen within the EMG during the static flexion. Initial and delayed hyperexcitabilities were observed in all of the preparations at any of the three loads explored during the 7-h rest period. ANOVA revealed a significant effect of time ( P < 0.0001) on the postloading data. Larger loads elicited larger magnitudes of the initial and delayed hyperexcitabilities, yet were not statistically different. It was concluded that the 3:1 work-to-rest duration ratio resulted in a neuromuscular disorder, regardless of the load magnitude. The conclusions are reinforced in view of the results from a previous study using 60 min of flexion overall but at 1:1 work-to-rest ratio in which only the highest load elicited a delayed hyperexcitability (Sbriccoli et al., Muscle Nerve 29: 300-308, 2004). An optimal dose-to-duration ratio needs to be established to limit, attenuate, or prevent the adverse effects of static load on the lumbar spine while considering the loading duration as a major risk factor.
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15

Oku, Kosuke, Daisuke Kimura, Tomotaka Ito, Akiyoshi Matsugi, Tatsuya Sugioka, Yusuke Kobayashi, Hayato Satake, and Tsukasa Kumai. "Effect of Increased Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle Activity on Ground Reaction Force during Landing." Life 11, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11070630.

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Repeated high-impact ground forces can lead to injury and decreased performance. While increasing flexor hallucis longus (FHL) muscle activity is known to increase stiffness and elasticity, it is unknown if this also decreases ground reaction forces by shock absorption during landing. This study aimed to determine whether increasing FHL muscle activity affects ground reaction force during landing in healthy subjects. Eight subjects performed single-leg steps onto a force platform for five trials, with and without flexion of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint at the moment of landing. Integrated surface electromyography (sEMG) of the FHL and medial gastrocnemius (MG) and ground reaction forces (GRFs) were measured. sEMG and GRF during the 50 ms before and 100 ms following initial ground contact were analyzed and compared. Flexion of the MTP joint condition significantly decreased the vertical and mediolateral force peaks of GRF, and FHL muscle activity increased. Flexion of the MTP joint at the moment of landing reduces GRF in healthy subjects through force dissipation in the foot, by increased FHL muscle activity. The results suggest that this may contribute to injury prevention by reducing the impact force through flexing the MTP joint at the moment of landing.
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16

Andrysek, Jan, Susan Klejman, and John Kooy. "Examination of Knee Joint Moments on the Function of Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthoses During Walking." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 29, no. 4 (August 2013): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.29.4.474.

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The goal of this study was to investigate clinically relevant biomechanical conditions relating to the setup and alignment of knee-ankle-foot orthoses and the influence of these conditions on knee extension moments and orthotic stance control during gait. Knee moments were collected using an instrumented gait laboratory and concurrently a load transducer embedded at the knee-ankle-foot orthosis knee joint of four individuals with poliomyelitis. We found that knee extension moments were not typically produced in late stance-phase of gait. Adding a dorsiflexion stop at the orthotic ankle significantly decreased the knee flexion moments in late stance-phase, while slightly flexing the knee in stance-phase had a variable effect. The findings suggest that where users of orthoses have problems initiating swing-phase flexion with stance control orthoses, an ankle dorsiflexion stop may be used to enhance function. Furthermore, the use of stance control knee joints that lock while under flexion may contribute to more inconsistent unlocking of the stance control orthosis during gait.
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17

Chen, Yi-Lang, Wei-Cheng Lin, Ying-Hua Liao, Yi Chen, and Pei-Yu Kang. "Changing the pattern of the back-muscle flexion–relaxation phenomenon through flexibility training in relatively inflexible young men." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): e0259619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259619.

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Although several studies have investigated the back-muscle flexion–relaxation phenomenon (FRP), the effect of individual flexibility on the FRP has been discussed infrequently, with very limited data on the influence of flexibility training on the FRP. This study thus examined the effect of flexibility training on the change of back-muscle FRP pattern in relatively inflexible young men. We collected and analyzed the valid data from 20 male participants (10 each with high and low flexibility included in the control and trained groups, respectively) when flexing their trunks at seven trunk flexion positions (0°–90°, in increments of 15°); their erector spinae and hamstring activation, pelvic tilt, and lumbosacral angle were then recorded. After 7 weeks of flexibility training for the low-flexibility group, no difference in flexibility was discovered between this group and the control (originally high-flexibility) group. The trunk flexion experiment was then repeated. The results showed that before the training stage, the low-flexibility group had lower erector spinae and higher hamstring activation, a larger pelvic tilt, and a smaller lumbosacral angle. By contrast, after training, the erector spinae and hamstring activation, pelvic tilt, and lumbosacral angle were significantly changed, and no intergroup differences were observed in FRP patterns. The study results suggest that flexibility training changes lumbopelvic movement and thereby reduces the degree of the back-muscle FRP when trunk flexion is performed.
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18

Mohd Afzan, Mohd Anuar, Mitsugu Todo, Ryuji Nagamine, and Shunji Hirokawa. "Effect of Bearing Mobility on the Kinetics Performance of TKA during Deep Flexion: A Computational Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 899–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.899.

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Characterizing the relative performance between mobile bearing and fixed bearing knee prosthesis remains seen as a difficult task as the previous short-term and mid-term clinical studies disable to observe any evidence of superiority of one design over another. The aim of the present study is to characterize the mechanics comparison between both designs of prosthesis during deep flexional motion with tibial rotation. Three dimensional (3D) FE model of clinically used mobile bearing posterior stabilized (PS) prosthesis was developed from its CAD data. Explicit finite element model was used to simulate the dynamic loaded deep flexional motion from 0 to 135° with neutral and 10° tibial rotation. Fixed bearing prosthesis was represented by fixing the tibial insert to the tibial component. The fixed bearing design was found relatively sensitive to flexion motion and tibial rotation in terms of contact area and maximum shear stress as compared to the mobile bearing design. Tibial rotation increased the peak value of maximum shear stress up to 58 MPa for the fixed bearing, on the contrary, the mobile bearing maintained the peak value of maximum shear stress at 31 MPa even with tibial axial rotation. The influence of post-cam design was also discussed in this study. The mobile bearing has an ability to maintain conformity and relatively low shear stress during very deep flexion with tibial axial rotation in comparison to the fixed bearing.
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19

Price, T. B., and J. C. Gore. "KNEE FLEXION: ITS EFFECT UPON MUSCLE RECRUITMENT BY DYNAMIC PLANTAR FLEXION." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 30, Supplement (May 1998): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199805001-01323.

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20

Steventon, Craig, and Gabriel Ng. "Effect of trunk flexion speed on flexion relaxation of erector spinae." Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 41, no. 4 (1995): 241–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0004-9514(14)60432-3.

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21

Wills, B. P. D., J. A. Crum, R. P. McCabe, R. Vanderby, and R. H. Ablove. "The effect of metacarpal shortening on digital flexion force." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 38, no. 6 (October 11, 2012): 667–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193412461589.

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Metacarpal shaft fractures are common injuries that frequently unite with some shortening of the metacarpal. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of metacarpal shortening on digital flexion force. The index metacarpal of six cadaveric upper limbs was incrementally shortened. The flexion force produced at the end of the finger was recorded using a small load cell. At full extension, there was no significant change in flexion force produced regardless of the amount of shortening. However, at 50% aggregate flexion the loss of force became statistically significant at a shortening of 7.5 mm or more. At full digital flexion, the loss of force became statistically significant at shortening of 5 mm or more. At increasing amounts of finger flexion, progressive metacarpal shortening produces proportionally greater loss of fingertip flexion force. From this study it appears that metacarpal shortening of up to 5 mm should give minimal loss of finger flexion force.
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22

Wang, Kuan, Zhen Deng, Xinpeng Chen, Jiang Shao, Lulu Qiu, Chenghua Jiang, and Wenxin Niu. "The Role of Multifidus in the Biomechanics of Lumbar Spine: A Musculoskeletal Modeling Study." Bioengineering 10, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10010067.

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Background: The role of multifidus in the biomechanics of lumbar spine remained unclear. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the role of multifidus in the modeling of lumbar spine and the influence of asymmetric multifidus atrophy on the biomechanics of lumbar spine. Methods: This study considered five different multifidus conditions in the trunk musculoskeletal models: group 1 (with entire multifidus), group 2 (without multifidus), group 3 (multifidus with half of maximum isometric force), group 4 (asymmetric multifidus atrophy on L5/S1 level), and group 5 (asymmetric multifidus atrophy on L4/L5 level). In order to test how different multifidus situations would affect the lumbar spine, four trunk flexional angles (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°) were simulated. The calculation of muscle activation and muscle force was done using static optimization function in OpenSim. Then, joint reaction forces of L5/S1 and L4/L5 levels were calculated and compared among the groups. Results: The models without multifidus had the highest normalized compressive forces on the L4/L5 level in trunk flexion tasks. In extreme cases produced by group 2 models, the normalized compressive forces on L4/L5 level were 444% (30° flexion), 568% (60° flexion), and 576% (90° flexion) of upper body weight, which were 1.82 times, 1.63 times, and 1.13 times as large as the values computed by the corresponding models in group 1. In 90° flexion, the success rate of simulation in group 2 was 49.6%, followed by group 3 (84.4%), group 4 (89.6%), group 5 (92.8%), and group 1 (92.8%). Conclusions: The results demonstrate that incorporating multifidus in the musculoskeletal model is important for increasing the success rate of simulation and decreasing the incidence of overestimation of compressive load on the lumbar spine. Asymmetric multifidus atrophy has negligible effect on the lower lumbar spine in the trunk flexion posture. The results highlighted the fine-tuning ability of multifidus in equilibrating the loads on the lower back and the necessity of incorporating multifidus in trunk musculoskeletal modeling.
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23

Pfeiffer, Thomas Rudolf, Jan Hendrik Naendrup, Calvin Chan, Kanto Nagai, João V. Novaretti, Richard Debski, and Volker Musahl. "Effect of Meniscal Ramp Repair on Knee Kinematics, ACL In Situ Force and Bony Contact Forces - A Biomechanical Study." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 7_suppl4 (July 1, 2018): 2325967118S0015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118s00157.

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Objectives: While recent studies showed that all inside meniscal ramp repair is able to restore knee kinematics, the effects of ramp repairs on ACL in-situ forces (ISF) and bony contact forces is still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of ramp lesion repair on knee kinematics, the ACL-ISF and bony contact forces using a 6-degree-of-freedom (DOF) robotic testing system. It was hypothesized that ramp repair will restore kinematics, ACL-ISF and bony contact forces comparably to the forces of the intact knee. Methods: 5 fresh-frozen human cadaveric knee specimens were tested using a 6-DOF robotic testing system (FRS2010) to continuously flex the knee from 0° to 90° and apply continuous loading conditions: 134 N anterior load + 200 N compressive load (CL), 4 Nm internal torque + 200 N CL, 4 Nm external torque + 200 N CL. Loading conditions were applied to the: 1) Intact knee 2) Arthroscopically induced 25 mm ramp lesion via posteromedial portal 3) All inside ramp repair 4) ACL deficient knee + ramp repair 5) soft tissue removal 6) Transection of the lateral condyle. To mimic an ideal ACL reconstruction the native ACL was kept intact. By replaying kinematics, ACL-ISF and bony contact forces were determined. Repeated measure ANOVAs were performed to compare knee states at each flexion angle (p<0.05). Results: Ramp repair significantly reduced anterior translation compared to the ramp deficient knee in high flexion under anterior load and CL (mean diff. -0.8 mm, range 0.6-0.9 mm) and at all flexions angles while applying internal torque and CL (mean diff. -2.3 mm, range 1.8-3.3 mm). Increased medial translation and valgus position were observed in all loading conditions at all flexion angles. Both ACL-ISF and medial bony contact forces were not significantly altered by the ramp lesion and repair under any applied loading and flexion angle. In contrast, ramp repair significantly increased lateral bony contact forces by under external torque and CL at 60° and 70° flexion compared to the ramp deficient knee, 32 N and 37 N respectively. No significant differences between intact and ramp deficient knee were detected with respect to kinematics, ACL-ISF and bony contact forces. Conclusion: In this study ramp repair decreased anterior translation, increased valgus rotation, and increased bony contact forces in the lateral compartment, disproving the hypothesis under study. The data from this study puts into question potential overconstraint when repairing ramp lesions utilizing all inside devices in 10 degrees of knee flexion. Contrasting previous literature that showed the restoration of the intact state, the results might be attributable to added CL forces and missing influence of the ACL reconstructions. The findings of this study also imply that untreated ramp lesion might not affect ACL-ISF. Future research is needed to better understand the influence of different techniques for repair of ramp lesions and the effect of chronicity on ramp lesions in patients.
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24

Zanella, Page Wornom, S. Matthew Willey, Sonia L. Seibel, and Christopher J. Hughes. "The Effect of Scapular Taping on Shoulder Joint Repositioning." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 10, no. 2 (May 2001): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.10.2.113.

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Context:There is a lack of research on the effects of scapular tape on shoulder joint repositioning.Objective:To quantify the effects of scapular taping on shoulder joint repositioning during flexion and abduction.Design:Repeated measures before and after trial.Setting:Academic institution.Participants:36 subjects without shoulder pathology.Intervention:Scapular taping with flexion and abduction.Main Outcome Measures:Lateral scapular slide test, plumb-line assessment, and a depth measurement. Absolute error in joint repositioning in flexion and abduction at 3 angles with and without scapular taping was measured.Results:No differences were found for tape vs no tape in flexion (P= .92) or abduction (P= .40) or between winging and nonwinging subjects in flexion (P= .62) or abduction (P= .91).Conclusions:Scapular taping has no effect on joint repositioning during active shoulder flexion or abduction. Scapular winging does not affect active joint repositioning after scapular taping.
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25

Sanders, Ross H. "Effect of Ability on Twisting Techniques in Forward Somersaults on the Trampoline." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 11, no. 3 (August 1995): 267–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.11.3.267.

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This study was designed to investigate the effect of ability on technique in the forward somersault with half twist (Barani) and the forward somersault with one and one half twists (Rudi) on the trampoline. Eleven trampolinists ranging in ability from elite (national representative) to early intermediate (regional representative) were analyzed using three-dimensional analysis techniques. Cumulative twist angle, rate of twist, angle of tilt of the twist axis, chest rotation, hip angle, and hip lateral flexion angle were measured. Characteristics of the arm actions were also assessed using an internal frame of reference. To generate twist in the Baranis, trampolinists tilted the axis between 5° and 14°; the amount of tilt was inversely related to ability (p < .05). In the Rudis, subjects tilted the axis between 15° and 23° using more asymmetrical arm actions and larger and more rapid hip extensions, hip lateral flexions, and chest rotations than in the Baranis. The timing and magnitude of the actions differed among the subjects and were related to ability.
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Numanoğlu, Esra Ateş, Filiz Can, and Zafer Erden. "Do Body Mass, Body Mass Index and Body Fat Ratio have an Effect on Proprioception?" Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2, no. 11_suppl3 (November 1, 2014): 2325967114S0015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967114s00151.

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Objectives: Proprioceptive sense plays important role of the protective reflex response against the harmful forces on the joint takes part in protection against the injuries. The load on the musculoskeletal system increases with higher body weights and joints become prone to injuries due to this increased load. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between the proprioceptive sense of the knee joint, mostly affected by loading, and the body weight, body mass index, and body fat ratio. Methods: 25 healthy people aged between 21 and 36 years included in the study. Body weights, body mass indexes (BMI), and body fat ratios of the individuals were measured. Proprioceptive sense in the knee joint is evaluated through the active joint position sense (A-JPS) assessments. The A-JPS of 50 knees of 25 individuals are evaluated at supine and load bea squat with 30° and 90° of knee flexion. To measure A-JPS, targeted angle were shown using goniometer and digital photography has been taken. Then they return to the initial position and repeat the angle and the second image was captured. After three times repetitions, deviations from 30° and 90° were called mean angle errors. The angle error measurements were performed with specifically written programme MATLAB (Computer Aided Design software). Pearson and Spearman Correlation Analyses were used for statistics. Results: There was no correlation between the body weight and the proprioceptive error at supine and squat for 30° and 90° flexion angles (p>0.05). When the individuals has been grouped according to their BMI values thinnesses for (BMI = 15-20 kg/m²), normals for (BMI = 20-25 kg/m²), and overweights for (BMI = 25-30 kg/m²) and the correlation between the BMI and proprioceptive error has been evaluated, there was no correlation for thinnesses and normals, for overweights at 90° squat position a medium strength positive correlation is observed (r=0.644, p=0.01). For thinnesses and normals there is no correlation between the body fat ratio and the proprioceptive error. For the overweights for 30° and 90° flexions at squat there is medium strength, strong positive correlations (r1=0.540, p=0.04; r2=0.709, p=0.005). Conclusion: Consequently, especially for individuals with high BMI, at load bearing squat position for 90° flexion, the proprioceptive sense decreases. Increased body fat ratio negatively affects the proprioception at load bearing squat position for 30° and 90° flexion angles. According to these results being overweight can be considered as an disadvantage in terms of proprioceptive sense.
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Toumi, Anis, Jennifer M. Jakobi, and Emilie Simoneau-Buessinger. "Differential impact of visual feedback on plantar- and dorsi-flexion maximal torque output." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 41, no. 5 (May 2016): 557–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0639.

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The effect of visual feedback on enhancing isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) was evaluated. Twelve adults performed plantar-flexion and dorsi-flexion MVCs in 3 conditions (no visual feedback, visual feedback, and visual feedback with target). There was no significant effect of visual conditions on dorsi-flexion MVC but there was an effect on plantar-flexion. Irrespective of whether a target was evident, visual feedback increased plantar-flexion MVC by ∼15%. This study highlights the importance of optimal feedback to enhance MVC.
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Tew, M., and IW Forster. "Effect of knee replacement on flexion deformity." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume 69-B, no. 3 (May 1987): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.69b3.3584192.

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Dennis, Douglas A., R. David Heekin, Charles R. Clark, Jeffrey A. Murphy, Tammy L. O'Dell, and Kimberly A. Dwyer. "Effect of Implant Design on Knee Flexion." Journal of Arthroplasty 28, no. 3 (March 2013): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2012.07.019.

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Mousavi-Khatir, Roghayeh, Saeed Talebian, Nader Maroufi, and Gholam Reza Olyaei. "Effect of static neck flexion in cervical flexion-relaxation phenomenon in healthy males and females." Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 20, no. 2 (April 2016): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2015.07.039.

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Austin, Gary P., David Tiberio, and Gladys E. Garrett. "Effect of Frequency on Human Unipedal Hopping." Perceptual and Motor Skills 95, no. 3 (December 2002): 733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.95.3.733.

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All mature forms of locomotion involve periods of unilateral stance. Unipedal hopping may provide useful information about the neuromuscular and biomechanical capabilities of a single lower extremity in adults. This study investigated whether hopping influenced vertical stiffness and lower extremity angular kinematics during human unipedal hopping. Vertical force and two-dimensional kinematics were measured in 10 healthy males hopping at three frequencies: preferred, +20%, and −20%. At +20%, compared to preferred, vertical stiffness increased 55% as hip flexion, knee flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion decreased, while at −20% vertical stiffness decreased 39.4% as hip flexion, knee flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion increased. As in bipedal hopping, the force-displacement relationship was more springlike at the preferred rate and +20% than at −20%. Given the prevalence of unilateral stance during walking, running, and skipping, findings related to unipedal hopping may be useful in the rehabilitation or conditioning of lower extremities.
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Peshin, Saveliy, Yulia Karakulova, and Alex G. Kuchumov. "Finite Element Modeling of the Fingers and Wrist Flexion/Extension Effect on Median Nerve Compression." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13021219.

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Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common pathology among disorders of the peripheral nervous system related to median nerve compression. To our knowledge, there are limited data on the effect of tendon movement on median nerve compression. This study focuses on the understanding of the carpal syndrome by simulating the impact of tendons movement caused by fingers flexion by Finite Element Analysis. Therefore, such modeling is the step toward the development of a personalized technique for value determining median nerve compression. Open-source MRI of the human right hand was used to build patient-specific phalanges of the fingers. Carpal tunnel soft tissues were considered as hyper-elastic materials, while bone structures were considered as elastic ones. The final finite-element model had 40 solid bodies which contacted the joint. Results were obtained for four cases of wrist movements: finger flexion, hand flexion/extension, and wrist extension with subsequent by finger flexion. Compression of the median nerve ranged from 129 Pa to 227 Pa. The results show that compression of the median nerve occurs faster during wrist flexion than during wrist extension or finger flexion. A decrease in compression during finger flexion was noticed with wrist extension followed by finger flexion.
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Li, PH, YC Wong, and YL Wai. "Knee Flexion after Total Knee Arthroplasty." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 15, no. 2 (August 2007): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/230949900701500204.

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Purpose. To identify factors related to knee flexion after total knee arthroplasty in a Chinese population. Methods. Records of 242 total knee arthroplasties were retrospectively reviewed. The parameters evaluated were age, gender, diagnosis, preoperative knee flexion and extension, preoperative flexion arc, tibiofemoral angle, Knee Society knee score and functional score, and implant design. Results. Advanced age, female gender, and good preoperative flexion and flexion arc were related to better postoperative flexion. Postoperative flexion tended to migrate to the middle range despite different ranges of preoperative flexion. Preoperative tibiofemoral malalignment had no significant effect on postoperative flexion. Conclusion. Contemporary designs of posterior stabilised prostheses with right and left femoral components were superior to older designs.
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Piat, C., and D. Potage. "La fermeture dans la chirurgie de l’hallux valgus." Médecine et Chirurgie du Pied 37, no. 3 (September 2021): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/mcp-2021-0074.

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La chirurgie de l’hallux valgus (HV) associe des gestes osseux et des parties molles (libération latérale) connus et codifiés. Il n’en va pas de même du temps final de fermeture capsulaire et cutanée, d’importance pourtant certaine. L’objectif de notre étude était de recueillir les pratiques chirurgicales de ce temps final. Une enquête de pratique a été faite entre janvier et février 2017. Les chirurgiens répondaient à un questionnaire en ligne (site de l’AFCP) sur la fermeture. Cent soixante et un chirurgiens ont répondu au questionnaire sur 240 sollicités, soit 67 %. L’activité chirurgicale « pied » représentait 64 % de leur activité globale (10/100) ; opérant en moyenne 231 HV par an (10–1 000). Il était réalisé une chirurgie à ciel ouvert ou mini-invasive (54 % de chevrons, 40 % de Scarf, 3 % de Lapidus et 3 % d’ostéotomies basales), avec fermeture capsulaire et cutanée. Quatre-vingt-douze pour cent des chirurgiens réalisaient eux-mêmes ce temps. Concernant la capsule : 45 % réalisaient systématiquement une résection, 32 % parfois et 23 % n’en réalisaient aucune. Cinquante et un pour cent des chirurgiens pensaient que la fermeture capsulaire avait un impact sur la mobilité articulaire, 32 % que cela apportait un effet correctif supplémentaire et 16%que cela pérennisait la correction. Le critère de résection capsulaire était l’excès tissulaire (69 %), un complément de recentrage des sésamoïdes (14 %), un complément de correction de l’HV (12 %). La résection capsulaire intéressait la capsule dorsale (37 %), la plantaire (29 %) ou les deux (23,5 %). Des lambeaux, plasties étaient réalisés dans 10 % des cas. La fermeture capsulaire était réalisée de façon étanche (83 %), au fil résorbable (90 %) par des points simples (37 %), des points en croix (33 %), en paletot (14 %) ou par surjet (12 %). Cette fermeture capsulaire était faite dans 71 % des cas en position neutre et dans 21 % en flexion plantaire. Concernant la peau, 51 % ne réalisaient jamais de résection cutanée, 20 % systématiquement et 29 % la pratiquaient à la demande (excès de peau, volumineuse bursite). La fermeture cutanée se faisait essentiellement par fil résorbable (77 %) en points séparés (36 %) ou sujet intradermique (39 %). La fermeture d’un HV à ciel ouvert n’est pas codifiée ; pourtant, les chirurgiens reconnaissent son importance. Cette fermeture capsulaire et cutanée est souvent réalisée par le praticien. La fermeture capsulaire est réalisée, dans trois quarts des cas en position neutre, de manière étanche au fil résorbable. Seul un quart des chirurgiens ne réalisent aucune résection capsulaire. La fermeture cutanée, sans résection pour la moitié des praticiens, est majoritairement faite au fil résorbable. C’est dire l’intérêt d’études prospectives sur ce sujet.
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Kellis, Eleftherios, Athanasios Ellinoudis, and and Nikolaos Kofotolis. "Effect of Hip Flexion Angle on the Hamstring to Quadriceps Strength Ratio." Sports 7, no. 2 (February 15, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7020043.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the hamstring to quadriceps ratio (H:Q) obtained from three different hip flexion angles. Seventy-three young athletes performed maximum isokinetic concentric and eccentric knee extension and flexion efforts at 60 °·s−1 and 240 °·s−1 from hip flexion angles of 90°, 60°, and 120°. The conventional (concentric to concentric), functional (eccentric to concentric) and mixed (eccentric at 30 °·s−1 to concentric torque at 240 °·s−1) H: Q torque ratios and the electromyographic activity from the rectus femoris and biceps femoris were analyzed. The conventional H:Q ratios and the functional H:Q ratios at 60 °·s−1 did not significantly differ between the three testing positions (p > 0.05). In contrast, testing from the 90° hip flexion angle showed a greater functional torque ratio at 240 °·s−1 and a mixed H:Q torque ratio compared with the other two positions (p < 0.05). The hip flexion angle did not influence the recorded muscle activation signals (p > 0.05). For the range of hip flexion angles tested, routine isokinetic assessment of conventional H:Q ratio and functional H:Q ratio at slow speed is not angle-dependent. Should assessment of the functional H:Q ratio at fast angular velocity or the mixed ratio is required, then selection of hip flexion angle is important.
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Fernández-Ruiz, Vicente, Álvaro López-Samanes, Juan Del Coso, José Pino-Ortega, Javier Sánchez-Sánchez, Pablo Terrón-Manrique, Marco Beato, and Víctor Moreno-Pérez. "Influence of Football Match-Play on Isometric Knee Flexion Strength and Passive Hip Flexion Range of Motion in Football Referees and Assistant Referees." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 13, 2021): 11941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211941.

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The aim of this study was to examine the acute effect of officiating a football (soccer) match on isometric knee flexion strength and passive hip flexion range-of-motion (ROM) in referees and assistant football referees. Twelve referees (25.3 ± 3.3 years) and twenty-three assistant referees (25.1 ± 4.8 years) underwent measurements on isometric knee flexion strength and passive hip flexion ROM before and after officiating an official football match. Referees’ and assistant referees’ running patterns were monitored during the match using GPS technology. In comparison to pre-match values, referees reduced their isometric knee flexion strength (−12.36%, p = 0.046, Effect size [ES] = −0.36) in the non-dominant limb, while no significant differences were reported in the dominant limb (−0.75%, p = 0.833, ES = −0.02). No effect of the match was found in hip flexion ROM values in dominant (−4.78%, p = 0.102, ES = −0.15) and non-dominant limb (5.54%, p = 0.544, ES = 0.19). In assistant referees, the pre-to-post-match changes in isometric knee flexion strength (dominant limb −3.10%, p = 0.323, ES = −0.13; non-dominant limb −2.18%, p = 0.980, ES= 0.00) and hip flexion ROM (dominant limb 1.90% p = −0.816, ES = 0.13; non-dominant limb 3.22% p = 0.051, ES = 0.23) did not reach statistical significance. Officiating a match provoked a reduction in isometric knee flexion strength in the non-dominant limb of football referees, while no differences were reported in assistant referees.
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Mulroy, Sara J., Valerie J. Eberly, Joanne K. Gronely, Walter Weiss, and Craig J. Newsam. "Effect of AFO Design on Walking after Stroke: Impact of Ankle Plantar Flexion Contracture." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 34, no. 3 (September 2010): 277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093646.2010.501512.

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This study was conducted to compare the effects of three ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) designs on walking after stroke and determine whether an ankle plantar flexion contracture impacts response to the AFOs. A total of 30 individuals, ranging from 6–215 months post-stroke, were tested in four conditions: shoes only (SH), dorsi-assist/dorsi-stop AFO (DA-DS), plantar stop/free dorsiflexion AFO (PS), and rigid AFO (Rigid). Kinematics, kinetics, and electromyographic (EMG) activity were recorded from the hemiparetic lower extremity while participants walked at a self-selected pace. Gait parameters were compared between conditions and between participants with and without a moderate ankle plantar flexion contracture. All AFOs increased ankle dorsiflexion in swing and early stance. Anterior tibialis EMG was reduced only in the PS AFO. Both PS and Rigid AFOs restricted ankle plantar flexion and increased knee flexion in loading. Peak ankle dorsiflexion in stance and soleus EMG intensity were greatest in the PS AFO. The Rigid AFO tended to restrict dorsiflexion in stance and knee flexion in swing only in participants without a plantar flexion contracture. Individuals without a contracture benefit from an AFO that permits dorsiflexion mobility in stance and those with quadriceps weakness may more easily tolerate an AFO with plantar flexion mobility in loading.
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Kayani, Babar, Sujith Konan, Syed S. Ahmed, Justin S. Chang, Atif Ayuob, and Fares S. Haddad. "The effect of anterior cruciate ligament resection on knee biomechanics." Bone & Joint Journal 102-B, no. 4 (April 2020): 442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.102b4.bjj-2019-1238.r2.

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Aims The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) resection on flexion-extension gaps, mediolateral soft tissue laxity, maximum knee extension, and limb alignment during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods This prospective study included 140 patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis undergoing primary robotic-arm assisted TKA. All operative procedures were performed by a single surgeon using a standard medial parapatellar approach. Optical motion capture technology with fixed femoral and tibial registration pins was used to assess study outcomes pre- and post-ACL resection with knee extension and 90° knee flexion. This study included 76 males (54.3%) and 64 females (45.7%) with a mean age of 64.1 years (SD 6.8) at time of surgery. Mean preoperative hip-knee-ankle deformity was 6.1° varus (SD 4.6° varus). Results ACL resection increased the mean extension gap significantly more than the flexion gap in the medial (mean 1.2 mm (SD 1.0) versus mean 0.2 mm (SD 0.7) respectively; p < 0.001) and lateral (mean 1.1 mm (SD 0.9) versus mean 0.2 mm (SD 0.6) respectively; p < 0.001) compartments. The mean gap differences following ACL resection did not create any significant mediolateral soft tissue laxity in extension (gap difference: mean 0.1 mm (SD 2.4); p = 0.89) or flexion (gap difference: mean 0.2 mm (SD 3.1); p = 0.40). ACL resection did not significantly affect maximum knee extension (change in maximum knee extension = mean 0.2° (SD 0.7°); p = 0.23) or fixed flexion deformity (mean 4.2° (SD 3.2°) pre-ACL release versus mean 3.9° (SD 3.7°) post-ACL release; p = 0.61). ACL resection did not significantly affect overall limb alignment (change in alignment = mean 0.2° valgus (SD 1.0° valgus; p = 0.11). Conclusion ACL resection creates flexion-extension mismatch by increasing the extension gap more than the flexion gap. However, gap differences following ACL resection do not create any mediolateral soft tissue laxity in extension or flexion. ACL resection does not affect maximum knee extension or overall limb alignment. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(4):442–448.
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Tate, A., V. Kurup, B. Shenoy, C. Freakley, P. Eastwood, J. Walsh, and P. Terrill. "P142 Head flexion has the greatest impact on OSA severity during REM sleep." SLEEP Advances 2, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2021): A67—A68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpab014.183.

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Abstract Introduction Recent work has shown that head flexion has a modest worsening effect and head rotation has a modest protective effect on OSA severity. However, there is substantial variability both within and between individuals. In this analysis we aimed to identify if this variability is explained by sleep-state, BMI, age or sex. Methods 28 participants provided informed consent and were studied using diagnostic polysomnography with the addition of a customised, accelerometry based, head posture measurement device. For each epoch during supine sleep, the sleep state (NREM/REM), average head flexion (degrees) and average head rotation (degrees) were recorded. A logistic mixed effects model was fit across all epochs with the anthropometrics (BMI, sex, age), sleep state, average head flexion and average head rotation as explanatory variables with the absence/presence of one or more respiratory event(s) as the binary outcome variable. Results In total, 2122 of 5369 supine sleep epochs had a respiratory event. Three participants had no supine sleep. There were significant interaction effects for flexion-rotation, BMI-rotation and REM-flexion. The REM-flexion interaction effect was the strongest interaction effect with an odds ratio per 5 degrees of head flexion in REM sleep of 1.47 (95% CI: 1.13 – 1.86). Discussion Head flexion related worsening of OSA severity is greatest during REM sleep. This may be explained by attenuated upper airway neuromuscular activation in REM sleep compared with NREM sleep.
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Kato, Takuya, Keigo Taniguchi, Daisuke Kikukawa, Taiki Kodesho, and Masaki Katayose. "Effect of hip flexion angle on stiffness of the adductor longus muscle during isometric hip flexion." Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 56 (February 2021): 102493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2020.102493.

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Athlani, Lionel, Romain Detammaecker, Amélie Touillet, Gilles Dautel, and Anne Foisneau. "Effect of different positions of splinting on flexor tendon relaxation: a cadaver study." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 44, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 833–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193419865123.

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We performed a cadaver study to evaluate how six different static heat-moulded splints affect flexor tendon relaxation. Each splint positioned the wrist and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints in different positions. We evaluated the tendon relaxation in 12 fresh adult cadaver forearms by measuring the flexor tendon displacement between two solid markers for each splint. The wrist position ranged from 30° flexion to 45° extension and the MCP joints from 30° to 60° flexion. For each splint, tendon relaxation was achieved relative to the neutral reference position. Tendon relaxation was greatest when the MCP joints were positioned in 60° flexion. We also noted the persistence of tendon relaxation when the wrist was positioned in extension (30° or 45°) as long as MCP joint flexion was maintained (30° or 60°). We conclude that the wrist extension with the MCP joints flexion may optimize tendon relaxation during immobilization after flexor tendon repairs.
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Yamashita, Daichi, Kosuke Hirata, Kazuhiko Yamazaki, Iñigo Mujika, and Naokazu Miyamoto. "Effect of two weeks of training cessation on concentric and eccentric knee muscle strength in highly trained sprinters." PLOS ONE 18, no. 7 (July 7, 2023): e0288344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288344.

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Athletes often experience short-term training cessation because of injury, illness, post-season vacation, or other reasons. Limited information is available about the effect of short-term (less than four weeks) training cessation on muscle strength in athletes. Sprinting athletes must maintain knee extension and flexion strength to reduce the risk of sprint-type hamstring strain injury. This study aimed to identify whether and to what extent knee extension and flexion torque in concentric and eccentric contractions is reduced by two weeks of training cessation in sprinters. Before and after the training cessation, maximal voluntary isokinetic knee extension and flexion torque in slow and fast concentric (60 and 300°/s) and slow eccentric (60°/s) contractions were assessed in 13 young male highly trained sprinters (average World Athletics points = 978). Knee flexion torque during the bilateral Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) was also measured. After the training cessation, isokinetic concentric at 300°/s and eccentric torque were significantly reduced in both knee extension and flexion. There was no difference in the magnitude of reduction between isokinetic knee extension and flexion torques in all conditions. The relative changes were more notable in eccentric (-15.0%) than in concentric contraction at 60°/s (-0.7%) and 300°/s (-5.9%). Knee flexion torque during the NHE also declined (-7.9% and -9.9% in the dominant and non-dominant legs, respectively). There was no significant correlation between the relative reductions in isokinetic knee flexion torque and knee flexion torque during the NHE. The findings suggest that sprinters and their coaches should focus on recovering fast concentric and slow eccentric knee extension and flexion strength after two weeks of training cessation.
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Seo, Na Jin, Thomas J. Armstrong, and Kathryn L. Dannecker. "The Effect of Simultaneous Grip on Wrist Flexion/Extension Strength." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 18 (October 2007): 1215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705101834.

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This study quantifies the effect of a simultaneous grip on wrist strength. It was hypothesized that wrist flexion strength increases with an increasing grip and wrist extension strength decreases with an increasing grip. Twelve subjects performed maximum wrist flexion and extension exertions with a different level of simultaneous grip – minimum, preferred, and maximum. Wrist flexion strength increased 34% and wrist extension strength decreased 10% from minimum to maximum grip. This shows that measure of wrist strength for assessing strength capabilities or the efficacy of hand surgeries or rehabilitation programs requires control of finger flexor activities to ensure consistent and relevant results. When opening a bottle in an outward direction (right hand thread), wrist extension strength may be significantly limited by a simultaneous grip due to muscle antagonism. When twisting a fragile or uncomfortable object, reduced finger flexor activities can limit wrist flexion strength.
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Branthwaite, Helen, Gemma Grabtree, Nachiappan Chockalingam, and Andrew Greenhalgh. "The Effect of Toe Flexion Exercises on Grip." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 108, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/16-167.

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Background: Weakness of the toe flexor muscles has been attributed to the development of toe pathologies, and it responds well in the clinic to toe grip exercises. However, it is unknown whether exercising the toe flexor muscles improves the ability to grip and alter function. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of toe flexor exercises on apical plantar pressure, as a measure of grip, while seated and during gait. Methods: Twenty-three individuals with no known toe pathologies were recruited. Static peak pressure, time spent at peak pressure, and pressure-time integral while seated, as well as dynamic forefoot maximal force, contact area, and percentage contact time, were recorded before and after exercise. Toe grip exercises with a therapy ball were completed daily for 6 weeks. Results: Static peak pressure significantly increased after exercise on the apex of the second and third digits, as did the pressure-time integral. Dynamic peak force and contact area did not alter after exercise around the metatarsals and toes, yet percentage contact time significantly increased for each metatarsal after completing daily toe grip exercises. Conclusions: Exercises to improve the grip ability of the toes increased the static peak pressure on the apex of the second and third digits as well as the percentage contact time of the metatarsals during gait. The ability to increase apical peak pressure and contact time after exercises could assist in improving forefoot stability and gait efficiency and in reducing toe pathology progression.
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Gupta, Ruchika, Nishat Quddus, and Anish Raj. "Effect of Shoulder Flexion on Grip Strength Measurement." Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy - An International Journal 7, no. 2 (2013): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/j.0973-5674.7.2.033.

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TEW, M., I. W. FORSTER, and W. A. WALLACE. "Effect of Total Knee Arthroplasty on Maximal Flexion." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research &NA;, no. 247 (October 1989): 168???174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-198910000-00027.

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Reb, Christopher W., Edward T. Haupt, and Gregory C. Berlet. "The Effect of Knee Flexion on Active and Passive Popliteal Venous Flow When Using Crutches or Knee Scooter While Immobilized." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 2473011420S0007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00073.

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Category: Trauma; Other Introduction/Purpose: Knee flexion has been demonstrated to impede popliteal venous return with large effect size among patients lying supine for surgery. Passive popliteal flow impedance has also been suggested to occur with knee scooter usage due to knee flexion. This study compared the effect of knee flexion angles on popliteal venous return between upright, crutch and knee scooter positioning when immobilized. Further, the countervailing effect of standardized hallux musculovenous pump activation was observed. Methods: This was an IRB approved study of young, healthy volunteers. Popliteal venous diameter and flow metrics were assessed with venous ultrasonography and compared between straight leg, crutch, and knee scooter positioning while wearing a walking boot and nonweightbearing. Flow was assessed with muscles at rest and with hallux musculovenous pump activation via active oscillation between hallux metatarsophalangeal joint extension and flexion at one motion per second (0.5 Hz) as paced by a metronome. Observer consistency was assessed. Paired-sample Student’s t-test and the Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to assess within-subject differences for diameter and venous flow parameters, respectively. Knee flexion and musculovenous pump activation effects sizes were calculated. A priori sample size indicated 24 subjects were needed to achieve 80% power to detect a significant ( p < 0.006 ) difference in medial flow for any of 8 comparisons, assuming large effect sizes. Results: 16 of 24 (67%) subjects were female. Twelve limbs (50%) were right sided. The mean age was 21.9 years (SD 3.0 years) and the mean body mass index was 21.9 (SD 1.9). Observer consistencies were excellent (0.93 to 0.99). No significant differences in mean vessel diameter, time-averaged mean velocity, and total volume flow occurred. Corresponding knee flexion effect sizes were small (range -0.04 to -0.26). A significant decrease (-24%) in active median time-averaged peak velocity (TAPV) occurred between upright and crutch position (20.89 cm/s vs. 15.92 cm/s, p < 0.001) with a medium effect size (-0.51). Hallux musculovenous pump increased all flow parameters (all p< 0.001) and effect sizes were comparatively larger (>0.6) across all knee flexion positions. Conclusion: Compared to values reported for supine individuals, upright passive popliteal venous return was observed to be markedly diminished at all knee flexion angles. Knee flexion had minimal effect on diameter, a small effect in further diminishing TAMV and TVF and a medium effect on diminishing TAPV. Hallux musculovenous pump activiation had a large effect on increasing flow at all knee flexion angles. Patients may well be counseled to use toe motion to counter the negative effects of gravity, and to a lesser extent knee flexion, when using crutches and knee scooters while their ankle is immobilized.
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48

López Elvira, Jose Luis, Diego López Plaza, Alejandro López Valenciano, and Carolina Alonso Montero. "Influencia del calzado en el movimiento del pie durante la marcha y la carrera en niños y niñas de 6 y 7 años (Influence of footwear on foot movement during walking and running in boys and girls aged 6-7)." Retos, no. 31 (November 12, 2016): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i31.47258.

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La elección del calzado infantil durante el desarrollo del niño/a puede ser determinante en la aparición o prevención de problemas asociados con el pie por las diferentes características intrínsecas de los niños. Por ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar los movimientos del pie durante el apoyo en marcha y carrera con y sin calzado. Participaron 12 niños y 12 niñas de primaria. El sistema de captura del movimiento Vicon fue utilizado para obtener variables cinemáticas del movimiento del pie. Los resultados mostraron una reducción significativa en la flexión en la articulación metatarsofalángica con calzado en ambos géneros y en ambas habilidades de en torno a 20º (p < .05 y tamaño del efecto alto), pudiendo asociarse a un mecanismo de protección. Así mismo se constató un aumento de la velocidad de caída del pie en carrera con calzado, especialmente en chicas, al contrario de la marcha, posiblemente por cambios en la técnica de pisada y/o características propias del calzado según el género. Por último, se encontró un desajuste en el eje de flexión de los metatarsos de aproximadamente 1 cm hacia la parte anterior del pie con calzado (p < .05 y tamaño del efecto alto), lo que lleva a recomendar que el diseño del calzado se ajuste con más precisión a la población que lo utiliza.Abstract. The choice of children's shoes can be decisive in the appearance or prevention of problems associated with children’s feet individual characteristics. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate foot movements during the support phase of walking and running gait, with and without shoes. Twenty-four primary school students (12 boys and 12 girls) participated in the study. Vicon 3D motion analysis system was used to obtain foot kinematic variables. Results showed a significant decrease in the flexion of metatarsophalangeal joint with shoes in both genders in walking and running around 20º (p < .05 and high effect size), which can be associated with a protection mechanism. We also found an increased foot fall speed when running with shoes, especially in girls, but not in walking gait, probably due to changes in the technique and/or characteristics of the shoes according to gender. Finally, data show a 1-cm forward displacement of the metatarsal flexion axis with shoes (p < .05 and high effect size), which suggests that shoes design should be more accurately adapted to children population.
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49

Carey, Eilís J., and Timothy J. Gallwey. "Effect of Wrist Posture on Discomfort for Simple Repetitive Exertions." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 30 (July 2000): 5–473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004403019.

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This study investigated the effects of exertion, pace and level of simple and combined flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation of the wrist on discomfort for simple repetitive exertions. Eight male subjects participated in the study and the level of exertion and angular deviation were defined relative to the maximum strength and Range of Motion (ROM) of the subjects respectively. Extreme flexion caused higher discomfort than the other simple types of deviation, and the combination of flexion and ulnar deviation resulted in higher discomfort than the other types of combined deviation. Exertion was the most significant factor, followed by level of deviation.
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50

Cardenas, Cesar, Auralea C. Fain, Nicholas J. Lobb, Kayla D. Seymore, and Tyler N. Brown. "EFFECT OF BODY-BORNE LOAD ON LATERAL TRUNK FLEXION AND ITS RELATION TO KNEE ABDUCTION BIOMECHANICS DURING A SINGLE-LEG CUT." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 24, no. 03 (June 25, 2021): 2150009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957721500093.

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Body-borne load reportedly increases incidence of military-related knee injury by altering trunk and lower limb biomechanics. This investigation determined whether body-borne load impacts lateral trunk flexion during a single-leg cut, and whether greater lateral trunk flexion exaggerates knee abduction biomechanics. Thirty-six participants had trunk and knee biomechanics quantified during a single-leg cut with four body-borne loads (20, 25, 30 and 35[Formula: see text]kg). To evaluate the impact of load on lateral trunk flexion and its relation with knee abduction biomechanics, peak stance lateral trunk flexion was submitted to a linear mixed model with load (20, 25, 30, and 35[Formula: see text]kg) and sex (male, female) as fixed effects, and dominant limb peak stance knee abduction joint angle and moment considered as covariates. During the cut, there was a significant sex by load interaction for peak stance lateral trunk flexion ([Formula: see text]), and peak stance lateral trunk flexion angle exhibited a significant association with peak stance knee abduction angle ([Formula: see text]) and moment ([Formula: see text]). Adopting lateral trunk flexion during loaded single-leg cuts may increase knee biomechanics related to ACL injury, but adding load only decreased lateral trunk flexion for female participants and did not further exaggerate knee abduction biomechanics.
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