Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Effet de couplage d’ondes'
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Beauvais, Romain. "Effets non linéaires acoustiques et couplages fluide-structure dans les guides d’ondes : application à des conduites de compresseurs alternatifs." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA1015.
Full textIn the oil, chemical and gas industries, the manufacturing processes induce the use of pipelines subjected to gases at high pressure and temperature. The gas is transported by reciprocating compressors connected to these pipelines, whose normal operation generates the propagation of acoustic waves causing structural vibrations by coupling between the gas column and the piping system. Understanding the behavior and controlling the level of these vibrations is a major challenge because of their impact on the safety of the installations. However, the increase in the rotational speeds of new compressors has accentuated the generation of non-linear acoustic phenomena that can occur locally at section discontinuities (orifice, expansiona areas) or along the propagation in long pipes. A one-dimensional numerical model of non-linear propagation in a pipe network with cross-section discontinuities is developed in the time domain. This model is based on the choice of a FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) scheme adapted to weakly non-linear propagation with viscothermic losses in wave guides.In the meantime, a study is carried out on the vibroacoustic coupling between the fluid and a bent pipe. The propagation of plane acoustical waves generates the appearance of localized forces at the bends of a pipe. Vibrations are then induced by the unbalancing of these forces. The measurement of modal parameters (mode shapes, frequency and damping) is carried out by means of vibration tests at strategic points on the pipe. Then an inverse method is proposed in order to estimate the internal pressure field, based on non-intrusive acceleration measurements
Doli, Valentin. "Phénomènes de propagation de champignons parasites de plantes par couplage de diffusion spatiale et de reproduction sexuée." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S139/document.
Full textWe consider organisms that mix sexual and asexual reproduction, in a situation where sexual reproduction involves both spatial dispersion and mate finding limitation. We propose a model that involves two coupled equations, the first one being an ordinary differential equation of logistic type, the second one being a reaction diffusion equation. According to realistic values of the various coefficients, the second equation turns out to involve a fast time scale, while the first one involves a separated slow time scale. First we show existence and uniqueness of solutions to the original system. Second, in the limit where the fast time scale is considered infinitely fast, we show the convergence towards a reduced quasi steady state dynamics, whose correctors can be computed at any order. Third, using monotonicity properties of our cooperative system, we show the existence of traveling wave solutions in a particular region of the parameter space (monostable case)
Cui, Dongze. "A Contribution to Vibroacoustics of Highly Heterogeneous Metastructures through Wave Finite Element Scheme." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ECDL0031.
Full textThe research aims to extend existing studies for heterogeneous metastructures with high contrast and high dissipation features. The multi-scale dynamics, vibroacoustic indicators, wave coupling effect, and high-order waves of heterogeneous metastructures are investigated within the wave-based frameworks. The wave-based models for Highly Contrasted Structures (HCS) and Highly Dissipative Structures (HDS) are explored. Various methods for computing the vibroacoustic indicators, such as the wavenumber space, Damping Loss Factor (DLF), and Sound Transmission Loss (STL), are reviewed. Special attention is placed on the Asymptotic Homogenization Method (AHM) exploiting the Zig-Zag model and homogenization technique to predict the multi-scale dynamics of HCS by the bending wavenumbers. Meanwhile, the analytical Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) and its generalization for complex structures by the Finite Element (FE) model (General Transfer Matrix Method, GTMM), the semi-analytical General Laminate Model (GLM) employing Mindlin's displacement theory, the numerical Wave Finite Element (WFE) scheme are presented. Evaluation on the robustness and accuracy of AHM and GLM is made by comparing the wavenumber space and DLF with the reference WFE method. The Nonlinear Eigenvalue Problem (NEP) in the WFE scheme for waves propagating in varying directions is solved by a Contour Integral (CI) solver, the complex wavenumbers are tracked based on the energy continuity criteria in the frequency domain. The validity limits of AHM and GLM are verified. The feasibility of applying the WFE method to sandwich structures with non-homogeneous components is shown using the classical FE-based Power Input Method (PIM-FEM). The WFE framework is extended for accurately predicting the global DLF of HDS. It starts by deriving the forced responses of a Unit Cell (UC) representative of the periodic structure when excited by an impinging wave. Then it computes the DLF of the wave via the power balance equation. By employing the Bloch expansion, the response to a point force applied to the periodic structure is decomposed in the Brillouin zone, allowing the prediction of total response via integration over the wavenumber space. The global DLF is derived based on the principle of PIM. For HDS, results of GLM are exploited for validating the wave DLF, the PIM-FEM approach is provided as reference approach for the global DLF. The shrinking influence of bending waves on the DLF estimation for HDS is discussed, as well as the importance of Bloch mode orders. \newline Sound transmission coefficients can be exploited to depict the contribution from the wavenumber space to the STL of the heterogeneous metastructures. The WFE method is applied to study the wave coupling mechanisms influencing the sound insulation performance of HCS and HDS, as well as the importance of symmetric motion to the sandwich structures with a very thick soft core. The same approach is applied to waveguides with complex cross-sections to investigate the wave coupling effect and high-order waves on the accurate STL estimation by analytical TMM, WFE, and GTMM approaches. Special attention is paid to curved periodic structures, the bending-membrane coupling mechanisms influencing the STL are also investigated
Faure, Gérôme. "Couplage micro/hydro pour la simulation d’ondes de choc et de détonation." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1063/document.
Full textThis thesis studies mesoscopic models adapted to the simulation of shock and detonation waves in fluids. These phenomena require systems sufficiently large to observe the complex processes occurring in this context. The aim is thus to increase the accessible time and length scales of microscopic methods, accurate but expensive, while preserving their essential properties. To this end, the multiscale coupling of methods at different resolutions allows to finely describe a specific region, limiting the computational cost. In particular, we study Smoothed Dissipative Particle Dynamics (SDPD) which couples a particle discretization of the Navier-Stokes equations and thermal fluctuations that scale consistently with the resolution. The SDPD equations are reformulated in terms of internal energies, which increases the structural similarity with Dissipative Particle Dynamics with Energy conservation (DPDE). We adapt numerical schemes for DPDE to the context of SDPD in order to ensure energy conservation and stability. We study the statistical properties of SDPD and determine estimators for temperature and pressure. The size consistency in SDPD is established for equilibrium and shock waves, which leads us to propose a multiscale coupling of SDPD at different resolutions. Finally, its physical relevance is illustrated by simulating micro-jetting and detonation waves
Mazzamurro, Aurélien. "Étude du couplage piézo-magnétique dans les guides d’ondes électro-acoustiques hyperfréquences : application aux capteurs de champ magnétique." Thesis, Centrale Lille Institut, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLIL0008.
Full textThin-film piezo-electro-magneto-elastic heterostructures stand out as promising candidates in the field of spatially resolved, low-intensity magnetic field detection at room temperature. Thus, this thesis focuses on the study of piezomagnetic coupling in microwave electro-acoustic waveguides based on nanostructured thin films with uniaxial anisotropy, deposited on piezoelectric substrates. Firstly, the investigated structures consist in a TbCo2/FeCo multilayer stack deposited on a ST-X90° Quartz substrate, to exploit the horizontal transverse mode presenting the highest sensitivity. The possibility to induce, via the magnetic field, an acoustic mode conversion, potentially usable in the design of ultra-sensitive magnetic field sensors, is also demonstrated. In addition, this study validated the developed theoretical piezo-magnetic model, by measuring the phase velocity variations of the guided elastic waves as a function of the intensity and direction of the applied magnetic field. Then, two measurement concepts are proposed in order to improve the resolution of the sensor measurement, which depends essentially on the transit time of the elastic wave in the magneto-elastic layer: the acoustic time domain reflectometry and the exploitation of a cavity mode located in the magneto-elastic layer. Finally, the optimization of the uniaxial anisotropy/magnetostriction couple of the TbCo2/FeCo multilayer stack is addressed, as it plays a major role in the sensitivity and dynamics of the studied sensors
Mazzamurro, Aurélien. "Étude du couplage piézo-magnétique dans les guides d’ondes électro-acoustiques hyperfréquences : application aux capteurs de champ magnétique." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECLI0008.
Full textThin-film piezo-electro-magneto-elastic heterostructures stand out as promising candidates in the field of spatially resolved, low-intensity magnetic field detection at room temperature. Thus, this thesis focuses on the study of piezomagnetic coupling in microwave electro-acoustic waveguides based on nanostructured thin films with uniaxial anisotropy, deposited on piezoelectric substrates. Firstly, the investigated structures consist in a TbCo2/FeCo multilayer stack deposited on a ST-X90° Quartz substrate, to exploit the horizontal transverse mode presenting the highest sensitivity. The possibility to induce, via the magnetic field, an acoustic mode conversion, potentially usable in the design of ultra-sensitive magnetic field sensors, is also demonstrated. In addition, this study validated the developed theoretical piezo-magnetic model, by measuring the phase velocity variations of the guided elastic waves as a function of the intensity and direction of the applied magnetic field. Then, two measurement concepts are proposed in order to improve the resolution of the sensor measurement, which depends essentially on the transit time of the elastic wave in the magneto-elastic layer: the acoustic time domain reflectometry and the exploitation of a cavity mode located in the magneto-elastic layer. Finally, the optimization of the uniaxial anisotropy/magnetostriction couple of the TbCo2/FeCo multilayer stack is addressed, as it plays a major role in the sensitivity and dynamics of the studied sensors
Spathis, Panayotis. "Couplage interplan dans Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+∂ : effet du désordre et du champ magnétique." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00465554.
Full textBERRUYER, DESIROTTE NICOLE. "Contribution a l'etude des enveloppes circumstellaires : effet du couplage grains-gaz." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4157.
Full textMondain, François. "Source intégrée de lumière comprimée aux longueurs d’ondes des télécommunications." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4013.
Full textRecent progress in quantum physics predicts a future revolution in the fields of communication, sensing, computing and simulation which rely on our hability to generate and control quantum states such as entanglement. Discovered more than thirty years ago, squeezed light has rapidly became an important tool for the implementation of quantum technologies, but its use still suffers from a lack of compactness wich limits the growth of quantum photonics realisations. To tackle this issue, we developpe a compact photonic platform to generate and detect squeezed light at telecom wavelengths. It is build upon an association between off the shelf telecom components and integrated optics on lithium niobate (LiNbO3) allowing a compact, and easy reconfigurable setup, without any alignment (plug-and-play). With this original aprroach, we directly measure up to -2dB shot noise reduction for a CW pump power of 40 mW, opening the way to out-of-the lab continuous variable experimentations.In order to fully understand the limits of our experimental setup, we also investigate the photorefractive properties of the LiNbO3, which means his intensity dependant refractive index. This effect could be a great issue in CV experiments, where high pump powers near visible wavelengths are needed. For this reason, we also study precisely the photorefraction in order to optimise the generation and the detection of squeezed light in integrated lithium niobate photonics circuits
Allivy, Kelly Olivier d'. "Détection et excitation d’ondes de spin dans des microstructures de couches ultraminces Y₃Fe₅O₁₂/métal à fort couplage spin orbite." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS263/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the excitation, the propagation and the detection of spin waves into ultrathin Y₃Fe₅O₁₂ (YIG) films. Our approach consists in interacting with the YIG magnetization dynamics thanks to spin polarized electronic transport phenomena related to spin Hall effect (SHE) that occurs within normal metals (NM) which have a large spin orbit coupling.To do so, we first grew epitaxially, by pulsed laser deposition, nanometer thick YIG films. Having ultrathin magnetic films is indeed necessary to be able to use lithography and microfabrication technics in order to develop magnonic devices.Studying these films by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) allowed us to quantify the Gilbert magnetic damping constant, which is down to 2∙〖10〗^(-4) for the best 20 nm thick films. This value is comparable to which is reported for micrometer thick YIG films grown by liquid phase epitaxy and is only one order of magnitude higher than the bulk YIG damping (α = 3∙〖10〗^(-5)). Inductive measurements performed with a vectorial network analyzer show that spin waves can propagate over hundreds microns through such thin films. The suitability of 20 nm thick YIG films for magnonic applications is therefore confirmed by this result.In order to detect/excite spinwave by exploiting SHE, we have deposited different metals (Pt, Pd, CuBi) on our YIG films, thus obtaining YIG|NM bilayers. We have performed a nonlocal detection of spin waves based on inverse SHE and spin pumping phenomena. From the FMR analysis, we also measured the spin mixing conductance g_(↑↓) that quantify the efficiency of spin pumping.To answer the question of the origin of magnetoresistance observed into YIG|NM bilayers, intrinsic or extrinsic origin (ie. induced by the magnetic polarization of the NM), we have measured the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism of YIG|Pd bilayers at the K-edge of Pd. These measurements do not show any induced magnetic moment for YIG to Pt for a resolution of 〖10〗^(-5) μ_B/atom. Combining this result with magnetotransport measurements performed on the same samples, allowed us to show that the spin pumping between a ferromagnetic insulator and a nonmagnetic metal could explain (without any magnetic proximity effects) spin Hall magnetoresistance effects observed into these bilayers.We studied the magnetization dynamics of YIG and YIG|NM nanodisks by magnetic resonance force microscopy. This study has shown that the nanostructuration performed on these films doesn’t affect such parameters as α and g_(↑↓), the geometrical confinement even leads to suppress the linewidth inhomogeneous broadening (ΔH_0).Then, we injected a continuous electrical current through the NM. Using the spin transfer torque of the spin current thus created into the NM by direct spin Hall effect, it allowed us to modified (increased/decreased) the FMR mode’s linewidth of a YIG|NM microdisk. After reaching a critical current, we managed to enable (without any RF excitation) a regime of magnetization auto-oscillations into the YIG. This last result, which confirms the ability of exciting the YIG magnetization dynamics by spin transfer torque, is very promising for the integration of magnonic devices into electronic circuits
Bolzinger, Jean-Louis. "Couplage d'ondes dans un guide planaire de titanate de baryum." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOS024.
Full textAyyadi, Asma El. "Couplage des modèles classique-quantique. Simulation de la diode à effet tunnel." Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0026.
Full textThe principal objective of this work of thesis is to deal with the problem of coupling macroscopic fluid models (namely the Drift-Diffusion model) with quantum models (namely the Schrödinger equation) for those semiconductor devices where quantum effects play an important role only in a (small) portion of the domain. The hybrid classic-quantum models derived here are then coupled self-consistently with Poisson equation on the whole domain. The starting point for deducing the interface conditions is the kinetic-quantum coupling studied by Ben Abdallah ('98). The interface conditions are obtained with a diffusion limiting process. Second order interface conditions incorporating kinetic boundary layer corrections are derived. Two analytical formulae for the extrapolation coefficient appearing in the second order interface conditions, are proposed : the first one is based on the approximation of the albedo operator and the second one is an iteration procedure first introduced by Golse-Klar ('95). Resonant tunnelling diodes are simulated for two test cases of the results of the literature and the model shows good performance. Chapter 3 contains the extension of the results of the previous chapter to the case of Fermi-Dirac statistics and it follows the same structure. In the chapter 4 collisions are included in the quantum model via the Pauli equation. Appropriate interface conditions are deduced. Chapter 5 deals with the time dependant case with Boltzmann statistics
Aboab, Bettina. "Etude du couplage vibronique dans le cas d'un système XY3Z de symétrie C3V soumis à effet Jahn-Teller : application au calcul du couplage vibronique dans l'état excite 3E du radical methyl-nitrène CH3N." Pau, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PAUU3019.
Full textNguyen, Chi Cong. "Interaction des mécanismes tourbillonnaires en espace confiné : effet de la conicité." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2320.
Full textThe analysis and the comprehension of the unstable behavior of the flows in a confined segmented chamber bounded by injecting wall, with or without conicity, constitute the main objective of this present report. Experimental investigations as well as Large Eddies Simulations were carried out. Results allow one to identify vortex-shedding mechanisms arising from obstacle and close to the injecting wall. In non-tapered wall case, the vortex shedding from obstacle directly triggers the generation of the wall instability. Dynamic and acoustic phenomena literally drive the obstacle vortex shedding. With a negative angle of tapered wall, unbalance of the two sources imposes two opposite phases of behavior: a reduction and an amplification phase of the pressure oscillations. LES simulation, with dynamic subgrid model on an unstructured grid, was also carried out. In a simplified configuration, ratio of the main flow and injecting wall Reynolds numbers lead the transition towards a turbulent behavior
Tang, Ran. "Linéarisation numérique et annulation du couplage capacitif pour un microscope à effet tunnel." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0007/MQ40626.pdf.
Full textTang, Ran. "Linéarisation numérique et annulation du couplage capacitif pour un microscope à effet tunnel." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1997. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1058.
Full textBakro, Abdelkarim. "Couplage d'un microscope à effet tunnel photonique à un microscope à force atomique." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20077.
Full textNajjar, Samar. "Couplage AFM/Raman et spectroscopie Raman exaltée par effet de pointe de nanostructures." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869044.
Full textZouari, Sahar. "Bandes interdites d’ondes de flexion dans une méta-plaque composite : effet de finitude de la structure et des dispersions de fabrication." Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1034/document.
Full textThe vibration attenuation characteristics of a metamaterial plate were investigated theoretically and experimentally with a 2-dimensional periodic array of resonators (mass-beam) attached to a thin homogeneous plate.The sensitivity analysis of the band gap frequency range took into account the uncertainties of all the design parameters of the metamaterial plate. The theoretical approach used the finite element method (FEM) to compare the predicted band gaps with those derived from infinite and finite models of the metamaterial.An original automatic method is proposed to detect the frequency ranges of band gaps in finite metamaterial based on the behavior of the corresponding bare plate. Directional plane wave excitation and point force excitation were applied to evaluate the efficiency of the detection method. The results of these analyses were compared with experimental measurements. Frequency ranges of experimental vibration attenuation are in good agreement with the theoretically predicted complete and directional band gaps.These theoretical and experimental methods are then applied to SMC (Sheet Molding Compound) composite plates with periodic perforations. Tests with unidirectional excitation and point force excitation are performed. The influence of each type of excitation on the vibratory response of the plates is analyzed in order to demonstrate the detectability of the bands gaps.Finally, the robustness of the band gap to the variations of the periodic lattice is validated following an integration of perturbations: addition of local mass on half of the unit cells according to a periodic or random positions
Vion, Céline. "Couplage de nanocristaux colloïdaux à des structures photoniques." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00408758.
Full textSchall, Eric. "Contribution numérique à l'étude des écoulements dissipatifs externes hypersoniques : effet du couplage chimie-vibration." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11047.
Full textJoachim, Christian. "Eléments d'électronique intramoléculaire : couplage effectif, conductance, optimisation de fils et commutateurs intramoléculaires." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30030.
Full textPirouzi, Peivand. "Effet de la stimulation ß-adrénergique sur le couplage excitation-contraction dans le muscle squelettique." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6854.
Full textNastar, Maylise. "Couplage entre structure electronique et structure cristalline : effet sur quelques proprietes des metaux de transition." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066659.
Full textMax, Bertrand. "Comportement mécanique et couplage mécanique-oxydation dans l'alliage 718 : effet des éléments en solution solide." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0063/document.
Full textAlloy 718 is the superalloy the most widely used in industry due to its excellent mechanical properties, as well as oxidation and corrosion resistance in wide range of temperatures and solicitation modes. Nevertheless, it is a well-known fact that this alloy is sensitive to stress corrosion cracking and oxidation assisted cracking under loading in the range of temperatures met in service. Mechanisms explaining this phenomenon are not well understood: nevertheless, it is well established that a relation exists between a change in fracture mode and the apparition of plastic instabilities phenomenon. During this study, the instability phenomenon, Portevin-Le Chatelier effect, in alloy 718 was studied by tensile tests in wide ranges of temperatures and strain rates. Different domains of plastic instabilities have been evidenced. Their characteristics suggest the existence of interactions between dislocations and different types of solute elements: interstitials for lower temperatures and substitutionals for higher testing temperatures. Mechanical spectroscopy tests have been performed on alloy 718 and various alloys which composition is comparable to that of alloy 718. These tests prove the mobility of molybdenum atoms in the alloy in the studied temperature range. Specific tests have been performed to study interaction phenomenon between plasticity and oxidation. These results highlight the strong effect of plastic strain rate on both mechanical behavior and intergranular cracking in alloy 718. The subsequent discussion leads to propose hypothesis on coupling effects between deformation mechanisms and oxidation assisted embrittlement in the observed cracking processes
Nastar, Maylise. "Couplage entre structure électronique et structure cristalline : effet sur quelques propriétés des métaux de transition /." Gif-sur-Yvette : Service de documentation et d'édition multimédia, Centre d'études de Saclay, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35789647d.
Full textDequidt, Alain. "Effet Lehmann dans les cristaux liquides cholestériques." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00376381.
Full textPar ailleurs, il existe des cholestériques dits compensés dont la structure en hélice se déroule spontanément à une température particulière, conduisant à une structure non chirale. Dans cette thèse, nous montrons expérimentalement que ν n'est pas nul à la température de déroulage de l'hélice. Cela implique que la phase est encore chirale à cette température, point qui était jusqu'alors controversé. De plus les expériences présentées, statiques ou dynamiques, permettent d'estimer l'ordre de grandeur du coefficient ν.
Varalda, José. "Magnétorésistance tunnel résonante et couplage magnétique dans les structures épitaxiales avec semiconducteurs." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066327.
Full textWiaux, Vincent. "L'effet hyperfin dans la capture exclusive de muons par le 11B et le couplage pseudoscalaire induit." Université catholique de Louvain, 1999. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-11072002-135429/.
Full textHarirforoush, Mohammad Javad. "Effet de l'oxydation TEMPO des fibres de lin sur l'efficacité de greffage des agents de couplage silane." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11507.
Full textLes demandes des fibres naturelles comme matériaux de renforcement ont reçu beaucoup d'attentions et d'intérêts en raison de leurs avantages uniques tels que la dérivation directe de la terre, la durabilité, la dérivabilité, etc. En outre, l'emploi des fibres végétales comme matières premières dans l'ingénierie et les industries peut favoriser l'agriculture durable. La culture du lin oléagineux est passée de 600 000 à 800 000 hectares au cours des dernières années au Canada. Cela peut également constituer un excellent potentiel d'utilisation des déchets de lin (paille), 2 000 kg par an par année, en tant que matériaux de renfort dans l'industrie et promouvoir l'agriculture durable. Ces énormes quantités de résidus de lin sont généralement brûlées ou jetées, ce qui entraîne l'émission de CO2 dans l'atmosphère. Au cours des deux dernières décennies, l'emploi de fibres naturelles dans les biocomposites comme possibilité à l'élimination des résidus de lin a suscité beaucoup d'intérêt et d'attention. L'augmentation spectaculaire des publications au cours de cette période prend en charge ce fait. Cette attention et cet intérêt ont été attribués à la sensibilisation du public, aux restrictions légales et aux préoccupations environnementales associées aux fibres synthétiques. En outre, les avantages importants des fibres naturelles, comme la faible consommation de résine, l'usure des outils, l'efficacité des coûts; la disponibilité, l'environnement, la dégradabilité, la faible densité et les propriétés spécifiques élevés ont transformé la demande des fibres naturelles très favorable. Cependant, la nature hydrophile des fibres cellulosiques comme inconvénient principal les rend incompatibles avec des matrices polymères hydrophobes. Cette mauvaise compatibilité entre les fibres cellulosiques et les matrices polymères attribue principalement à la présence de groupes fonctionnels hydroxyles sur l'ossature des fibres de lin qui provoque des propriétés hydrophiles des fibres cellulosiques et une faible adhérence interfaciale entre les fibres cellulosiques et les matrices polymères. L'objectif principal de cette thèse de recherche est de convertir des groupes alcooliques primaires (OH) disponibles à la surface de la fibre de lin en groupes carboxylés par l'emploi d'un système d'oxydation TEMPO afin de faciliter le traitement du silane. Par la suite, les groupes carboxylés peuvent interagir plus facilement avec des agents de couplage au silane. La fonctionnalité de surface des fibres reçues et traitées a été caractérisée en utilisant la spectroscopie à infrarouge à transformer de Fourier et à la Spectrométrie photo électronique X. Un tensiomètre à angle de contact dynamique a été utilisé pour comparer la mouillabilité des fibres oxydées et non oxydées après le traitement au silane. L'interaction entre les fibres de lin et le polymère a été caractérisée en utilisant une microscopie électronique à balayage (MÉB). Les résultats indiquent que l'oxydation TEMPO a considérablement amélioré l'efficacité de liaison des agents de couplage silane sur la surface de la fibre. Ainsi, la compatibilité entre les fibres de lin et la résine époxy a été améliorée. En outre, l'absorption d'eau des fibres modifiées a été considérablement réduite, tandis que l'angle de contact des fibres de lin a été augmenté.
Ganzhorn, Marc. "Couplage de systèmes magnétiques et mécaniques à échelle moléculaire." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820247.
Full textJankovic, Aleksandar. "Etats électroniques des boîtes quantiques de semiconducteur : rôle de l'environnement et couplage dépendant du spin." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00111990.
Full textDans une premièm partie, nous étudions le rôle joué par l'environnement électrostatique sur la perte de cohérence dans les boîtes. Nous montrons que les fluctuations électrostatiques sont essentiellement de deux types, engendrant soit un décalage en énergie de la transition sans induire de déphasage, soit un élargissement homogène du type rétrécissement par le mouvement.
Dans une deuxième partie, nous nous intéressons à l'effet de l'interaction d'échange longue portée sur la structure fine de l'exciton confiné dans la boîte. En particulier, nous montrons la possibilité d'annuler le splitting d'échange résultant de l'anisotropie de forme de la boîte en appliquant un champ électrique le long de son grand axe. Nous montrons enfin qu'une anisotropie de polarisation apparaît à cause de la nature même de l'interaction d'échange.
Le, Saux Gilles. "Étude des propriétés photoréfractives des oxydes de bismuth silicium et germanium en régime d'excitation nanoseconde : photoconduction, holographie dynamique, couplage d'onde." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112143.
Full textWe present theoretical and experimental results relative to the photoconductive and photorefractive properties of Bismuth Silicium or Germanium oxyde under nanosecond excitation. The analysis of transient photocurrents induced by the optical pulses permits to measure the electron mobility and life time in the conduction band. We developed a theoretical model explaining our experimental observations. Its extension to the case of non-uniform illumination leads to the value of the space charge field created in the crystal in two wave mixing experiments. The experimental results, in good agreement with the model’s previsions, show a fast response time (in the nanosecond time scale) of these crystals thus permitting to envisage their application to fast optical data storage and processing
Liu, Qiusheng. "Couplage entre forces interfaçiales dans un système multicouche de fluides immiscibles, avec ou sans effet des forces thermogravitionnelles." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX22065.
Full textAssouline, Alexandre. "Transport d'Andreev dans des boîtes quantiques et effet Josephson dans des couches minces à fort couplage spin-orbite." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS225.
Full textJosephson junctions are the building blocks of superconducting electronics. They are made of two superconductors separated by an insulating barrier. In this thesis, we present two experiments where the insulating barrier is replaced by a semiconductor. In the first one, we study nanowires in the regime of Coulomb blockade, where the number of electrons can be controlled, one by one, until a metal-insulator transition is induced. Across this transition, we observed that a single electronic spin behaves like a magnetic impurity and leads to the formation of discrete electronic states between the superconducting electrodes. The understanding of such devices is crucial for the development of superconducting nanoelectronics. In the second experiment, we study the Josephson effect in thin films where the electron motion is coupled to its spin. This spin-orbit interaction is essential in a wide number of theoretical works aiming at discover new phases of matter. We demonstrate that spin-orbit coupling can be probed by phase sensitive measurements of the Josephson current
Devèze, Arnaud. "Amplification acoustique par implant auditif électromagnétique : effet du couplage ossiculaire sur la fonction de transfert de l'oreille moyenne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20665/document.
Full textHearing loss is a public health issue. Ageing is the most frequent cause of deafness. The main option for the rehabilitation of hearing loss is the use of conventional hearing aids. These aids have dramatically improved their performance for the past 20 years, mostly with regards to signal processing. However, in addition to economic reasons, some limitations remain (occlusion, feedback, hearing in noise…) and limit the satisfaction of patients. Active middle ear implants (AMEI) have been developed to overcome some of these problems and are indicated n conventional hearing failed to improve patients’ quality of hearing. However, AMEI suffer from limitations, as insufficient performances for severe hearing losses. Recent experimental and clinical data have highlighted the importance of coupling and placement of ossicular reconstruction passive prosthesis use. Other reported new findings regarding the biomechanism of the ossicular chain, especially for high frequency hearing, which is, unfortunately, where most people have their hearing loss. We hypothesized that these findings could be applied to AMEI use. We have analysed experimentally the effects on AMEI performance of variables such as: placement, coupling, size of tranduscer vibrating tip, alternative stimulation options. We used a electromagnetic tranducer from Otologics LLC to drive the middle ear or round window membrane, and a laser Doppler vibrometer to assess for the induced middle transfer function. Results have shown that we could provide great improvement in performance when varying the coupling method and the placement to the ossicular chain or the round window membrane
Charlet, Gabriel. "Etude des formats de modulation et des méthodes de détection pour les transmissions multiplexées en longueurs d’ondes sur fibre optique au débit de 40Gb/s et 100Gb/s." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112008/document.
Full textModulation and detection methods have been studied to improve the performance of optical long distance communication systems. Polarization division multiplexed modulation and multilevel phase modulation format have been evaluated. Coherent detection associated with digital signal processing has been selected at the receiver side to optimize system performance. This receiver design allows especially to compensate linear distortions induced by fiber optics propagation very efficiently. After long distance propagation, optical signal to noise ratio is a major limitation. The other main limitation comes from non linear interactions of light and fiber optics which put a limit on the maximum power to be injected within fiber optics.The first wavelength division multiplexed transmission over long distances (>1000km) using coherent detection has been demonstrated.Various strategies have been proposed to minimize the impact of non linear effect. The impact of polarisation multiplexing has been quantified in configuration where chromatic dispersion is either regularly optically compensated within the line or digitally compensated at the receiver end.The proposition to use a polarization multiplexed format using only 2 phase levels as well as the algorithms capable to detect them has been done. The performance gain obtained compared to the convention solution using 4 phase levels has been demonstrated.At 100Gb/s bit rate, the demonstration of the first transmission over trans-oceanic distance has also been done.These research work have been used to define and then develop Alcatel-Lucent products which are now commercialized, at 40Gb/s by using a polarization multiplexed and 2 phase levels modulation format, and at 100Gb/s by using a polarization multiplexed 4 phase levels format
Dequidt, Alain. "Effets Lehmann dans les cristaux liquides cholestériques." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENSL0481.
Full textCholesteric liquid cristals usually form a macroscopic helicoidal structuredue to the presence of chiral molecules. In these particular systems, alinear thermomechanical coupling can be observed, called the Lehmanneffect: a temperature gradient is able to generate a torque on the localorientation of the molecules. To explain this effect, Leslie introduced aphenomenological coupling coefficent n, which can be non-zero only ifthe phase is chiral. Moreover, there exist cholesterics called compensated, the helicoidalstructure of which spontaneously unwinds at a particular temperature,leading to a non chiral structure. In this thesis, we show experimentally, that n does not vanish at theunwinding temperature. This implies that the phase is still chiral at thattemperature, a point that was up to now contentious. Furthermore, thestatic and dynamical experiments presented here enable to estimate theorder of magnitude of the coefficient n
Gardies, Françoise. "Etude du couplage covlent de proteines sur substrats semiconducteurs : Application aux immunocapteurs et aux ENFETs (Enzymatic-Field-Effect-Transistor)." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECDL0005.
Full textTang, Ran. "Linéarisation numérique et annulation du couplage capacitif pour un microscope à effet tunnel : [Digital linearization and capacitive coupling cancellation for a scanning tunneling microscope]." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
Find full textBelhora, Fouad. "Couplage multiphysique à l’aide d’électret application à la récupération d’énergie." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0141/document.
Full textIn the last decades, direct energy conversion devices for medium and low grades waste heat have received significant attention due to the necessity to develop more energy efficient engineering systems. A great deal of research has in recent years been carried out on harvesting energy using piezoelectric, electrostatic, electromagnetic , and thermoelectric ,transduction, with the aim of harvesting enough energy to enable data transmission. For this purpose, piezoelectric elements have been extensively used in the past; however they present high rigidity and limited mechanical strain abilities as well as delicate manufacturing process for complex shapes, making them unsuitable in many applications. Thus, recent trends in both industrial and research fields have focused on electrostrictive polymers for electromechanical energy conversion. This interest is explained by many advantages such as high productivity, flexibility, and processability. Hence, electrostrictive polymer films are much more suitable for energy harvesting devices requiring high flexibilities, such as systems in smart textiles and mobile or autonomous devices. Electrostrictive polymers can also be obtained in many different shapes and over large surfaces. . In the last years, electrostrictive polymers have been investigated as electroactive materials for energy harvesting. However for scavenging energy a static field is necessary, since this material is isotope, there is no permanent polarization compare to piezoelectric material. A solution for avoid this problem; concern the hybridization of electrostrictive polymer with electret. Finally, the implementation of electrostrictive materials is much simpler for small-scale systems (MEMS). Hence, several studies have analyzed the energy conversion performance of electrostrictive polymers, both in terms of actuation and energy harvesting
Soussou, Réma. "Application des corrélateurs acoustomagnétiques à la détection des signaux noyés dans du bruit." Valenciennes, 1998. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/bcb31313-c770-432d-8af4-ed5695509a3e.
Full textMauger, Sarah. "Couplage entre auto-focalisation et diffusion Brillouin stimulée pour une impulsion laser nanoseconde dans la silice." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00638962.
Full textMallek-Zouari, Ikbel. "Propriétés quantiques de la fluorescence de nanocristaux CdSe/CdS déposés sur des nanostructures métalliques." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00606995.
Full textDallaire, Jonathan. "Modélisation des changements de phase solide-liquide : effet de la variation de la densité avec la phase et du couplage thermomécanique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27716.
Full textPhase change materials (PCM) are commonly used in a vast range of engineering applications in which they can serve, for example, as a way of storing thermal energy in the form of latent energy. Solid-liquid phase change has been the subject of many studies in the past decades both experimentally and numerically. Due to the different ways in which matter is organized at the molecular level, the physical properties of the solid and liquid phases are different. In particular, the density variations during phase change leads to volume variations, i.e., the PCM will either expand or shrink, depending on the relative density of each phase. In most studies, however, volume variations during solid-liquid phase change were deemed negligible and were not taken into account. The additional complexity and the challenges associated with the mathematical and numerical modeling of solid-liquid phase change with variable density are such that only a handful of studies on the topic may be found in literature, especially in the case where the PCM interacts with its physical boundaries (thermo-mechanical coupling). The goal of this thesis is therefore to contribute to the state of the art in terms of mathematical and numerical modeling of solid-liquid phase change when both density variations and thermo-mechanical coupling between the PCM and its container are taken into account. First, a new set of conservation equations is derived for solid-liquid phase change with different properties for each phase, especially the density. By representing the mushy region of the PCM as a porous medium (similarly to the well-known enthalpy-porosity model), macroscopic average conservation equations are developed by applying a method of volume averaging to the exact conservation equations for the solid and liquid phases at the pore level. The choice of the assumption regarding the velocity of the solid phase within the mushy region (stationary or moving) is achieved by the use of a single numerical parameter. Numerical simulations of a 1D solidification problem were performed with a finite volume code on Matlab to outline the differences between the new model and the existing enthalpy-porosity model. Then, the mathematical model developed in the first part of this thesis was extended in order to account for the interaction of the PCM with its physical boundaries. Two new models for the thermo-mechanical coupling were introduced. In the first model, it was assumed that the PCM expansion was constrained by an elastic wall and that the pressure rise within the PCM followed a modified Hooke’s law. In the second model, an air gap was introduced on top of the PCM in order to allow the latter to expand more easily. Analytical correlations were derived to predict relevant physical quantities at equilibrium, such as the pressure rise within the system, the melting temperature, the height of the PCM slab, etc. The finite volume code developed during the first part of this work was extended with a moving mesh technique to accommodate the volume variations of the PCM. The problem studied was the solidification of a 1D PCM slab of finite height. The numerical results were compared against the analytical predictions at equilibrium and showed good agreement. Finally, the elastic wall model introduced in the previous part of the thesis was applied to the problem of solidification of water near its density extremum in a 2D cavity with natural convection. The complete model was implemented in commercial software package (Fluent). A new methodology was developed in order to improve the capabilities of the software and the thermo-mechanical coupling was achieved with the help of a set of User-Defined Functions (UDF). The effect of the confinement of water as it solidifies inside the cavity was studied by varying the stiffness of the elastic wall. It was shown that the pressure rise resulting from the thermo-mechanical coupling significantly influences the flow pattern and the solidification rate of the PCM.
Sohier, Thibault. "Electrons et phonons dans le graphène : couplage électron-phonon, écrantage et transport dans une configuration type transistor à effet de champ." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066393/document.
Full textUnderstanding the transport properties of two-dimensional crystals doped by field effect is a conceptual milestone for tomorrow's nanoelectronics. In this thesis we develop first-principles methods to investigate electron-phonon interactions, screening and phonon-limited transport in graphene. To overcome the limitations of existing plane-wave ab initio packages, originally devised for three-dimensional periodic solids, we truncate the Coulomb interaction in the third direction and isolate the 2D system from its periodic images. This is implemented in density-functional perturbation theory to calculate charge density responses and phonon spectra in a two-dimensional framework. We use those methods to develop a quantitative model of electron-phonon coupling for graphene in the field effect transistor configuration. We find that the coupling of electrons to acoustic phonons is dominated by the unscreened gauge field, which we compute with full inclusion of electron-electron interactions at the GW level. Our simulations of the static screening properties of graphene validate analytical models and reveal that the deformation potential is strongly screened, such that its contribution to acoustic phonon scattering is negligible. We find a small but finite linear coupling with out-of-plane phonons. By solving the Boltzmann transport equation we obtain the phonon-limited resistivity. Below room temperature, our results confirm the role of acoustic phonons and a 15% increase of the ab initio gauge field parameter leads to an excellent quantitative agreement with experiment. Above room-temperature, we point to the importance of the coupling with intrinsic optical phonons
Grenier, Adeline. "Etude à l’échelle atomique de multicouches magnétostrictives TbFe/Co et TbFeCo/Fe : structure, propriétés et effet de l’irradiation aux ions lourds." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUES045.
Full textFor the first time, the tomographic atom probe allowed the chemical study at the atomic scale of magnetostrictives multilayers (TbFe2 5nm/Co3 ou 7 nm)x20 and the study of their modifications induced by swift heavy ion irradiation. It revealed the asymmetry of the interfaces. The cobalt diffusion, under irradiation, was interpreted by the inelastic thermal spike model. Depth magnetization profiles were deducted from the concentration profiles of allowed to understandthe increase of the magnetic properties under irradiation. The reversal of magnetization was studied according to various parameters by polarized neutron reflectometry. Tjis study showed that during a parallel configuration of magnetizations, the domain walls are mainly located in the TbFeCo layer. A exchange bias was put in evidence at 100K whose the sign depends on cooking field and then on the initial configuration of the TbFeCo layer
Michel, Guillaume. "Parois et ondes de surface : dissipation, effet Doppler et interactions non linéaires." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE038/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study the impact of solid boudaries on surface waves. We first consider the dissipation caused by dynamical wetting. We experimentally show how the damping of surface waves evolves with the size of the meniscus and demonstrate that in perfect wetting it leads to a nonlinear behavior as soon as the meniscus oscillation amplitude compares to the thickness of the boundary layer. Secondly, we investigate energy exchanges through scales occuring when a surface wave reflects on an oscillating wall, the so-called generalized Doppler effect. We evidence the creation of Doppler-shifted waves, compute their amplitudes and illustrate how the continuous bouncing of surface waves on wavemakers may lead to self-similar spectra competing with the ones of wave turbulence. Finally, we focus on nonlinear interaction between surface waves. We prove that gravity waves can undergo triad resonances in confined geometry. Going beyond the consequencies of solid boundaries, we perform experiments on four-wave interactions in the gravity regime and describe large scales in capillary wave turbulence
Demangeat, Catherine. "Vers le contrôle de la chiralité axiale des (hétéro)biaryles en l’absence de métaux de transition via le couplage." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0232/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis work was to provide novel access to axially chiral heterobiaryls following a transition metal free atropoenantioselective synthetic route. This project combines the Csp2-Csp2 Aryne coupling methodology, and an enantioselective approach, the ICE concept (ionic chiral environment). This concept relies on the implementation of chiral ligands as metal (Li) stabilizers with organolithium coupling partners. The chiral environment resulting from the chiral aggregates obtained must induce chirality during the coupling step. The first part of this work aimed to develop an heterocyclic version of the Aryne route in achiral conditions. The results of this study revealed a clear correlation between the electronic nature of the heterocyclic partner and its reactivity in the Aryne coupling. Thiophene, especially, proved to furnish promising results and allowed us to further develop the method. Second part of this work aimed to develop the reaction in the appropriate solvent conditions so that chiral mixed metal aggregates could be envisioned. This study outlined the remarkable effect of external chelating ligands (polyethers, polyamines, aminoalkoxides,…) and salt additives (Li, Zn, K,…) on the aryne coupling reaction in apolar media. The best reaction conditions emerging from this work were then successfully applied to others heterocyclic coupling partners. In parallel, theoretical calculations using density functional theory showed good agreement with experimental work and allowed us to propose mechanistic scheme for the reaction. Last part of this work focused on the reaction of hindered heterocyclic coupling partners with thiophene and benzothiophene derivatives
Brette, Fabien. "Couplage excitation-contraction des cardiomyocytes isolés de mammifères : effet du gonflement cellulaire et étude du rétrocontrôle du courant calcique dans les microdomaines." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR4021.
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