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Academic literature on the topic 'Effet d'ancrage'
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Journal articles on the topic "Effet d'ancrage"
Hotte, Lucie. "Errance et enracinement dans Visions de Jude de Daniel Poliquin." Dossier 27, no. 3 (August 10, 2006): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/013321ar.
Full textPires, Alvaro P. "Analyse causale et récits de vie." Anthropologie et Sociétés 13, no. 3 (September 10, 2003): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/015095ar.
Full textCuevas, Paola. "L'expansion maxillaire avec ancrage osseuxchez l'adulte : description et cas clinique." Revue d'Orthopédie Dento-Faciale 56, no. 4 (December 2022): 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/odf/2022043.
Full textMendes, André Melo, Maria Terezinha da Silva, and Raquel Dornelas. "Copa de 2018: Neymar, futebol e virilidade em narrativas de jornais." Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo 10, no. 2 (December 19, 2021): 166–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/slj.v10.n2.2021.445.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Effet d'ancrage"
Geyres, Béatrice. "Biais d'ancrage et ajustement sur les décisions judiciaires : effet de l'expertise." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20064.
Full textAnchoring and adjustment phenomenon is a cognitive bias, which was first theorized by Tversky and Kahneman in 1974. It was studied in extremely various fields and proved to be particularly robust and powerful. The person who has to make a judgment in a numerical way proves to be very affected by any value (or anchor) that was previously suggested. The target of this PhD thesis is to study this phenomenon in a domain where both individual and social issues at stake are fundamental: penal judgment. Two archival data studies and two experiments involving experienced magistrates enabled not only to confirm the existence of this bias in the sentencing decisions but also to define the extent of the phenomenon according to the judges' expertise and to the plausibility of the presented anchors (within the framework of legal judgment, the anchor corresponds to the prosecutor's sentence proposition). A last experimentation was conducted with fans of a popular sport – soccer – in order to put to the test a major hypothesis, which was hard to validate in the Justice field: anchoring and adjustment effects are a linear function of knowledge on the judgment's field; i. E. The more knowledge a decision maker has on the judgment's object, the less he is sensible to anchoring effects
Navarre, Aglaé. "Étude de l'effet d'ancrage appliqué au domaine judiciaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UBFCC020.
Full textDecision-making under uncertainty can be influenced by several cognitive biases. Among these, the anchoring effect is probably one of the most famous. In this article-based thesis, we propose several studies aimed at better understanding the mechanisms involved in the anchoring effect, and at testing different factors that may be moderators of this phenomenon. Most of these studies are conducted in the context of judicial decision-making, a field in which the anchoring effect can have dramatic consequences. In the first chapter (articles 1 and 2), we review the state of the art of the researches carried out on the anchoring effect over the last fifty years, and highlight some of the links that may exist between this heuristic and another phenomenon that seems to share characteristics with anchoring, but which has been studied in the field of reasoning: the Einstellung effect. In the second chapter (articles 3 and 4), we test two factors that can reduce the influence of an anchor: the influence of a warning and the presence of a second anchor of different relevance. The results of these studies show that these factors can limit - or even eliminate - the anchoring effect in the context of judicial decisions on simulated jurors. Finally, the third chapter (article 5) deals with the influence of the anchoring effect on the creation of false memories. The study presented in this section highlights the emergence of false memories following exposure to a numerical anchor and discusses the common mechanisms between these two phenomena. Finally, we discuss the contributions of these studies and propose different research perspectives that seem interesting in order to deepen the first results obtained in the framework of this thesis and to investigate other reaserch questions related to the anchoring effect
Ettouhami, Abdel Mouneim. "Contribution à l'étude des supraconducteurs lamellaires : phénomène d'ancrage et effets de proximité." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10059.
Full textLogbo, Harrod. "Étude des propriétés diélectriques sur un cristal liquide ferroélectrique : effet d'ancrage, champ de dépolarisation et lignes de déchiralisation." Amiens, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AMIE0105.
Full textThis thesis presents the experimental studies of dielectric spectroscopy and optical properties of a new ferroelectric liquid crystal ( FLC ) in confined geometry under static field. Particular attention is paid to the effects of the depolarization field, as well as ions, anchoring and thickness. In the first part of this work, the dielectric response to a low sinusoidal electric excitation superimposed by a DC Bias field is performed in the chiral ferroelectric phase (SmC*) far from the transition temperature. Thus, the dielectric permittivity measurements exhibit a double-hysteresis, after cycling in an electric field. This result shows several behaviors, like (*) the asymmetry of cycles relative to the origin, (**) the presence of gap values between two consecutive passages in first half cycle of the real part of the permittivity at zero field that cannot be explained by the known properties of the equilibrium of the helical structure under electric field, in the FLC bulk. In the assumption that these behaviors would have a ionic origin, an experimental protocol "STEP" has been developed to reduce the ionic charges on the cell measurements. Furthermore, optical observations show the appearance of dechiralization lines in the SmC* phase under field. This observation exhibits a hysteresis parallel to the dielectric measurements. The complex behavior of appearance and disappearance of these dechiralization lines is also discussed. The second part of the work is devoted to several theoretical models to explain the experimental results. The first is based on the ionic hypothesis which gives a correct qualitative agreement with spectroscopic measurements ('(bias)) and optical observations (dechiralization lines). However, a competing model , in which the hysteresis highlighted at weak field, are due to the appearance of a ferrielectric order in the dechiralization lines system gives a better agreement. The latter has the advantage to account for the hysteresis curves of polarization versus electric field, made in addition to the spectroscopic measurements, which present a single-to-double loops as the frequency is varied. In a third part, the effects of aging of the FLC on one hand, and the surface anchoring intensity on the other are investigated. The aging under electric field, the unstable molecules of the FLC produce ions which influence the depolarization field and therefore indirectly the internal structure of the cells. These ions provide a direct contribution to the dielectric properties which partially mask the response of the FLC at the low frequency: real part of the dielectric permittivity, dielectric amplitude and relaxation frequency. By adjusting the Cole -Cole diagrams at high frequency, the effects of the helix are mainly studied as function of different parameters: temperature, static field and aging time. Finally, the dielectric properties of other cells with anchoring considered like more intense have been compared. Both for aging and for anchoring, we see a small quantitative change in the dielectric parameters of the FLC, without being able to give a really satisfactory theoretical explanation
Warnan, Julien. "Synthèse de colorants multichromophores panchromatiques et exploration de l'acétylacétone comme fonction d'ancrage pour l'amélioration des performances des cellules photovoltaïques hybrides à colorant." Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=9fa2d7a6-e977-4322-bf87-e62ae4614bdd.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to contribute to the improvement of dye sensitized solar cells, based on the utilisation of organic dyes and inorganic n and p-type semiconductors (SCn, TiO2, ZnO, and SCp, NiO). Our researches focused on the synthesis and the examination of physicochemical and photovoltaic properties of innovating sensitizers. Aiming at harvesting the major part of the solar spectrum to increase the photocurrent produced by the cells, two strategies based on the elaboration of panchromatic dyes have been proposed. On that occasion two dyes, a zinc porphyrin and a diketopyrrolopyrrole, with complementary absorption spectra were combined in one panchromatic dye. Our second approach is based on the development of an excitonic cascade between antenna dyes and an injecting dye, a squaraine, specialized in the collection of the near IR photons. The energy harvested by the antennas is transferred to the squaraine which then injects electrons within the conduction band of the SC. Then we extended this strategy to the sensitization of SCp where antennas acted both as light harvester and electron acceptor. The objective was to increase light harvesting while diminishing interfacial charge recombinations. Finally the acetylacetone function has been proposed to replace carboxylic acids as anchors for dyes specially designed for ZnO or NiO. Interactions with those SCs and electronic effects were studied by physicochemical measurements and rationalized using quantum calculations
Abdallah, Mirvat. "Etude et renforcement des massifs rocheux sous chargement sismique : application à l’analyse de la vulnérabilité des massifs rocheux au Liban." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10091.
Full textLebanon is characterized by high-urbanized mountains, which could be subjected to severe earthquakes, because of the presence of a major fault and some secondary faults. Lebanon was previously subjected to several destructive earthquakes, particularly in 551, 1202, 1759 and 1837 and more recently in the years 1956 and 2008. Experts predict a major seismic event in the future. Prevention constitutes an efficient way to minimize the earthquake consequences (casualties and property damage). This thesis aims to develop a methodological approach for the seismic stability of fractured rocks and to apply this methodology to the analysis of real case in Lebanon. The work is based on an advanced numerical modeling using the UDEC software to analyze the behavior of massive fractured rocks under seismic loading, taking into account the presence of water in the fractures. Due to lack of field data, significant work has also been devoted to the collection of data collection related to mechanical properties of the materials and joints. The first part of the thesis presents a literature review of the characterization of the rock discontinuities and methods used for the analysis of the stability of fractured rock masses. The second part presents seismic analysis of a real case in South Lebanon (Jezzine). Numerical calculations were carried on different configurations: rock mass without fractures, rock mass with horizontal fractures and rock mass with both horizontal and vertical fractures. Analysis was also conducted on the use of anchors for the rock mass stabilization. The last part presents a study of the influence of the presence of water on the seismic behavior of fractured rock masses
Mies, Frédérique. "Régulation du canal sodium épithélial par les acides gras polyinsaturés n-3." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210514.
Full textLe canal sodium épithélial bloquable par l’amiloride (ENaC) est une protéine intégrale de la membrane apicale des épithéliums impliqués dans l’absorption du sodium. Deux fonctions majeures sont directement liées au fonctionnement d’ENaC. D’une part, la régulation de la balance sodée par le rein et donc de la pression artérielle et d’autre part, la clairance du fluide alvéolaire pulmonaire.
Le transport vectoriel de sel et d’eau à travers ces épithéliums à jonctions serrées repose sur un transport actif de sodium entraînant un flux osmotique d’eau. Ce transport de sodium s’effectue en deux étapes: l’entrée apicale, par diffusion, facilitée via ENaC, et la sortie basolatérale, active, par les pompes Na+/K+ ATPases.
Ces dernières années, un intérêt grandissant est porté sur les acides gras polyinsaturés à longues chaînes de type oméga 3 (PUFAs) et leurs implications dans divers processus physiologiques. Entre autres effets, les PUFAs modulent différents types de canaux ioniques (canaux Na+ dépendant du voltage, Ca++ L-type, K+).
Les études in vivo impliquant un effet à long terme des PUFAs décrivent des mécanismes inhibiteurs. Cependant, lors d’une étude précédente, axée sur la composition lipidique des membranes de cellules rénales en culture et l’influence de l’ajout d’acides gras saturés et insaturés sur le transport du sodium, nous avons constaté que les acides gras polyinsaturés à longues chaînes de type oméga 3 augmentaient la réabsorption du sodium. Ces résultats pourraient être intéressants, car les canaux sodiques de l’épithélium alvéolaire sont en contact direct avec le surfactant, dont la composition lipidique varie en fonction de l’apport alimentaire en PUFAs. Chez les prématurés humains, le syndrome de détresse respiratoire est une des causes les plus fréquentes de mortalité. Dans un certain nombre de cas, on peut restaurer une fonction pulmonaire satisfaisante par l’administration de surfactant.
Dans ce travail, nous avons opté pour une approche fondamentale des mécanismes de régulation du canal sodium épithélial par l’acide eicosapentanoïque (EPA, C 20:5, n-3). Des études électrophysiologiques, biochimiques et d’imagerie cellulaire ont été réalisées sur la lignée cellulaire A6 de rein d’amphibien, qui sert d’épithélium modèle pour l’étude d’ENaC depuis plus de 25 ans. Cette lignée exprime des canaux sodiques très sélectifs et possède des propriétés électrophysiologiques facilitant l’étude de leur régulation.
Ce travail nous a permis de mettre en évidence de nouveaux mécanismes fondamentaux dont la pertinence physiologique et /ou clinique ne pourra être établie qu’en transposant cette étude sur un modèle in vivo, comme nous le proposons dans les perspectives.
Dans le présent travail, nous avons étudié :
1.\
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished