Journal articles on the topic 'Effet CISS'
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1
Silva-Kazama, Daniele Cristina da, Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos, Paula Toshimi Matumoto Pintro, Jesuí Vergílio Visentainer, Ricardo Kazama, Hélène Véronique Petit, and Francilaine Eloise de Marchi. "Effect of storage on fatty acid profile of butter from cows fed whole or ground flaxseed with or without monensin." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 39, no. 10 (October 2010): 2297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982010001000028.
Abstract:
Eight Holstein cows with body weight 570 ± 43 kg and 60 ± 20 lactation days were distributed in a double Latin square design with four 21-day periods to determine the effects of feeding ground or whole flaxseed with or without monensin supplementation (0.02% on a dry matter basis) on fatty acid profile of butter stored for 15 and 45 days. Ground flaxseed supply, in comparison to whole flaxseed, reduced relative percentages of 16:0, cis7-16:1, 17:0, and cis10-17:1 but it increased those of cis9,trans11-18:2, cis3-18:3, and omega 3 fatty acids in butter fat, reducing relative percentage of medium-chain fatty acids and increasing the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Supplementation with monensin increased relative percentages of cis9,trans11-18:2 and tended to increase relative percentage of 17:0 and decrease that of saturated fatty acids in butter. Butter from cows fed diet with monensin presented lower relative percentages of cis 6-20:4. Relative percentages of cis 9-16:1, cis10-17:1, 18:0, trans11-18:1, cis9-18:1, cis3-18:3, cis6-20:4 in butter stored for 15 days were higher than those stored for 45 days and the relative percentages of cis3-20:5 tended to decrease with the increase of storage period. As a result, relative percentages of saturated fatty acids and medium-chain fatty acids increased with storage time, while those of monounsaturated and long-chain fatty acids decreased. Butter enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids may have a shorter shelf life due to the negative effect of storage on fatty acid profile which may cause oxidation and rancidity.
2
Kong, Ling Jian, Gui Fang Zhu, Jian Qiang Zhong, Kui Xia Han, and Xiao Kang Wang. "Time Effect of Sulfurization on the Characterization of Copper Indium Diselenide." Advanced Materials Research 816-817 (September 2013): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.816-817.38.
Abstract:
Polycrystalline CuIn(Se,S)2 (CISS) thin films with chalcopyrite structure were synthesized by sol-gel spin-coating method. Sequential reduction, selenization and sulfurization treatments were performed with hydrogen, Se and H2S vapor, respectively. The effects of different sulfurization times on the films were also studyed. X-ray diffraction (XRD), and SEM analysis have been employed to examine the structural properties and surface morphology of polycrystalline CISS thin films. The experimental results demonstrated that the obtained CISS had good crystallinity and uniformity.
3
Ramanathan, K., J. Pankow, and S. Asher. "Extrinsic doping effect in the fabrication of CIGS and CIGSS thin film solar cells." physica status solidi (b) 241, no. 3 (March 2004): 767–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.200304192.
4
Guimarães Gonçalves, Fabrício, and Lázaro Luis Faria do Amaral. "Constructive Interference in Steady State Imaging in the Central Nervous System." US Neurology 07, no. 01 (2011): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/usn.2011.07.01.68.
Abstract:
Constructive interference in steady state (CISS) is a fully refocused fast-gradient echo sequence that is mainly used in the assessment of the central nervous system. The most important advantages of steady-state imaging are short acquisition times, high signal-to-noise ratio, and better contrast-to-noise ratio. Owing to its cisternographic effect, CISS is useful in the assessment of the cranial nerves, and can also be used when studying cysts, cystic masses, and neurocysticercosis and in hydrocephalus cases. CISS has been shown to be useful in spinal imaging, especially in cases of arteriovenous malformation and when it is helpful to better characterize intra- and extramedullary cystic abnormalities.
5
Gonçalves, Fabrício Guimarães, and Lázaro Luis Faria do Amaral. "Constructive Interference in Steady State Imaging in the Central Nervous System." European Neurological Review 6, no. 2 (2011): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/enr.2011.06.02.138.
Abstract:
Constructive interference in steady state (CISS) is a fully refocused fast-gradient echo sequence that is mainly used in the assessment of the central nervous system. The most important advantages of steady-state imaging are short acquisition times, high signal-to-noise ratio, and better contrast-to-noise ratio. Owing to its cisternographic effect, CISS is useful in the assessment of the cranial nerves, and can also be used when studying cysts, cystic masses, and neurocysticercosis and in hydrocephalus cases. CISS has been shown to be useful in spinal imaging, epecially in cases of arteriovenous malformation and when it is helpful to better characterise intra- and extramedullary cystic abnormalities.
6
Huisman, Karssien Hero, and Joseph Marie Thijssen. "CISS Effect: A Magnetoresistance Through Inelastic Scattering." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 125, no. 42 (October 18, 2021): 23364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c06193.
7
Michaeli, Karen, Nirit Kantor-Uriel, Ron Naaman, and David H. Waldeck. "The electron's spin and molecular chirality – how are they related and how do they affect life processes?" Chemical Society Reviews 45, no. 23 (2016): 6478–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cs00369a.
8
Zhang, Z. Q., D. K. Ward, Y. Xue, H. W. Zhang, and M. F. Horstemeyer. "Interfacial Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube-Polyethylene Composites Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations." ISRN Materials Science 2011 (September 25, 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/145042.
Abstract:
The rate-dependent interfacial behavior between a carbon nanotube (CNT) and a polyethylene (PE) matrix is investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Various MD simulations were set up to determine the “size” effects on the interfacial properties, such as the molecular weight, or the length of the polymer, the diameter of the CNT, and the simulation model size. The interfacial rate-dependency was probed by applying various relative sliding velocities between the CNT and the polymer. Two quantities, directly obtained from the MD simulations, described the interfacial properties: the critical interfacial shear stress (CISS) and the steady interfacial shear stress (SISS). The simulations show that the SISS was not sensitive to the simulation size. In addition, the CISS was dependent upon the combined factors of the variation in PE stiffness, induced by simulation size changes and the effect of the fixed boundaries of the simulation models. The CISS increases almost linearly with the relative sliding velocity of CNTs. Also, a linear relationship between the SISS and the CNT-sliding velocity is observed when the SISS drops below a critical value. A clear size scaling is observed as the CISS and SISS decrease with increasing CNT radius and increase with the increasing polymer chain length.
9
Lathii Fatul Chamidah, Nurul, Nandang Mufti, Atika Sari Dewi, Avita Ayu Permanasari, and Sunaryono. "Effect of Temperature to Fabrication Cigs Solar Cell Using the Sputtering Method." E3S Web of Conferences 473 (2024): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202447301004.
Abstract:
Copper-indium-gallium diselenide (CuInGaSe2) or CIGS is one of the most promising materials for thin film solar cell applications. CIGS solar cells were deposited by sputtering method on ZnO/ZnS/CIGS/Mo arrays. Various parameters in sputtering greatly influence the efficiency of CIGS solar cells such as temperature. Thermal parameters are used to compare the effect of the CIGS layer on optimizing the efficiency of CIGS solar cells. The results show that the CIGS layer deposited using temperature has a crystalline structure, besides that the resulting efficiency is also higher than CIGS solar cells deposited without temperature, namely 0.177%.
10
Ortuño, Ana M., Pablo Reiné, Sandra Resa, Luis Álvarez de Cienfuegos, Victor Blanco, José Manuel Paredes, Antonio J. Mota, et al. "Extended enantiopure ortho-phenylene ethylene (o-OPE)-based helical systems as scaffolds for supramolecular architectures: a study of chiroptical response and its connection to the CISS effect." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 8, no. 18 (2021): 5071–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qo00822f.
Abstract:
Versatile enantiopure helical systems are described and are of interest owing to their intense chiroptical responses, their attractive architecture for metallosupramolecular chemistry and CISS effect.
11
Chengyue, Yu, M. Prabhu, Mahendar Goli, and Anoop Kumar Sahu. "Factors Affecting the Adoption of Blockchain Technology in the Complex Industrial Systems: Data Modeling." Complexity 2021 (December 24, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8329487.
Abstract:
Nowadays, Blockchain Technology (BCT) is contributing toward addressing the challenges of complex industrial systems (CISs). The BCT reduces the complexity of cash data storage as well as retrieval system of finance, marketing, supply chain, inventory, and other departments. The objective of the present study is to investigate the factors, which affect the intention of professionals to adapt the BCT in the CISs by using an extension of the technology acceptance model. To fulfill the research objective, a theoretical research model is constituted by multiple hypotheses (H1–H6), i.e., perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived innovativeness, knowledge, risk, and trust after conducting the relevant literature survey in the context of BCT. Next, each hypothesis is tested by exploring the survey data of a sample of 287 professionals of different BCT user’s companies such as retailing, e-commerce, manufacturing, and construction. Survey data is analyzed by executing the structural equation modeling with AMOS software. The factors and latent constructs loadings, reliability, convergent, discriminant, model fit-measurement, structural model, and the path analysis are conducted. The results reveal that the H1, H2, and H4–H6 dropped the positive impact and effect on professionals’ intention to use the BCT in CISs. But, H3 has no effect for enhancing the intention of professionals to use BCT.
12
Dong, Yong, Chao An, Yongyi Wu, Zhen Zhang, Tao Li, Tai Min, Jinbo Yang, Xuegang Chen, and Mingliang Tian. "Comprehensive Study of Electrode Effect in Metal/CuInP2S6/Metal Heterostructures." Symmetry 15, no. 5 (April 24, 2023): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15050966.
Abstract:
The layered van der Waals CuInP2S6 (CIPS) features interesting functional behaviors, including reversible ferroelectric polarization, Cu ion migration, negative capacitance effect, etc. Here, the CIPS flakes were exfoliated from the CVT-grown high-quality single crystals, which were fabricated into metal/CIPS/metal heterostructures by conventional photolithography. It was found that the CIPS flakes persisted in the dominant out-of-plane polarization and the minor in-plane polarization. Clear hysteresis current–voltage (I–V) loops, as well as the rectifying character, were revealed in metal/CIPS/metal heterostructures, indicating the potential application as a memory device. Additionally, the different metal electrode could significantly modulate the Schottky-like barrier at metal/CIPS interfaces, resulting in symmetric or asymmetric I–V loops. The complicated I–V curves may have originated from the voltage-induced Cu ion migration, reversible ferroelectric polarization, and carrier (ion) trapping/detrapping. This work may facilitate the metal electrode selection for the ferroelectric CIPS-based device application.
13
Kumar, Anup, Prakash Mondal, and Claudio Fontanesi. "Chiral Magneto-Electrochemistry." Magnetochemistry 4, no. 3 (August 18, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry4030036.
Abstract:
Magneto-electrochemistry (MEC) is a unique paradigm in science, where electrochemical experiments are carried out as a function of an applied magnetic field, creating a new horizon of potential scientific interest and technological applications. Over time, detailed understanding of this research domain was developed to identify and rationalize the possible effects exerted by a magnetic field on the various microscopic processes occurring in an electrochemical system. Notably, until a few years ago, the role of spin was not taken into account in the field of magneto-electrochemistry. Remarkably, recent experimental studies reveal that electron transmission through chiral molecules is spin selective and this effect has been referred to as the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. Spin-dependent electrochemistry originates from the implementation of the CISS effect in electrochemistry, where the magnetic field is used to obtain spin-polarized currents (using ferromagnetic electrodes) or, conversely, a magnetic field is obtained as the result of spin accumulation.
14
Mishra, Pradeep Kumar, Yogendra K. Gautam, J. N. Prasad, A. K. Choudhary, and Ramesh Chandra. "Effect of Working Pressure on Structural, Electrical and Optical Properties of CIGS Thin Film Deposited by PLD." Advanced Materials Research 768 (September 2013): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.768.70.
Abstract:
CuIn0.8Ga0.2Se2 (CIGS) thin films have been successfully deposited on soda lime glass substrate at different working (Ar gas) pressures by Pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The effect of working pressure on the structural, electrical and optical properties of CIGS thin films has been investigated. All deposited CIGS thin films are found to be polycrystalline in nature with preferred orientation along (112). Crystallinity of CIGS thin films has been improved with decreasing of working pressures in PLD chamber. Stoichiometry of CIGS thin films has been maintained for all working pressures. Optical transmittance and electrical sheet resistance of CIGS thin films have been found to decrease with decrease of working pressure. The results of the present study signify that desired structural, electrical and optical properties of CIGS thin films can be obtained by changing the processing parameter in PLD method.Keywords: CIGS, XRD, Stoichiometry, UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer.
15
Wijaksana, I. Komang Evan, and Ni Luh Ayu Megasari. "E‐cigarettes effect on periodontal health: a systematic review." Odonto : Dental Journal 9, no. 2 (December 28, 2022): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/odj.9.2.231-240.
Abstract:
Background: Smoking is well known risk factors that promote periodontal tissue destruction. Both smoking and periodontitis nowadays consider as a common health problem globally. As smoking habit evolution, electronic cigarettes (E-cigs) have emerged as an alternative to cigarettes. The number of E-cigs smoker or vaping users around the world are increasing. However, information about the effect of E-cigs on periodontium is very lacking lately. The study aimed to compare the effect of cigarette consumption on periodontium by clinical health parameters between all smokers’ type.Method: This review follows the PRISMA guidelines. Document search was carried out in PubMed, Ebsco Host and Scopus using the keywords or phrases: (periodontal health) AND (((((electronic cigarette) OR Vaping) OR e-cig) OR electronic nicotine delivery system) OR nicotine delivery system). A total of 137 articles were obtained after the duplicates were eliminated and five articles were considered met the eligibility criteria for systematic review. Result: This review found that E-cigs are less harmful compared to tobacco cigarettes, with comparable result between E-cigs smoker and non-smoker on some clinical periodontal health parameters for mean probing depth, clinical attachment loss, score of plaque index (PI) and papillary bleeding index (PBI) as well. In contrast, the study reveals that bleeding on probing level was higher among non-smokers than smokers.Conclusion: E-cigs are less harmful compared to tobacco cigarettes on some clinical periodontal health parameters. This result should be interpreted with caution because there is currently insufficient data to investigate the effect of E-cigs on periodontal health through clinical parameters.
16
Li, Weiqing, Qianyi Dan, Maomao Chi, and Weijun Wang. "Influence of Price Level and Perceived Price Dispersion on Consumer Information Search Behaviour: Moderating Effect of Durables and Consumables." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 2105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042105.
Abstract:
The methods consumers use to reduce their perceived risk and make reasonable purchase decisions can be synthesized under the umbrella term “consumer information search behavior” (CISB). As one key factor that conveys a product’s value and quality, price has a significant impact on CISB. There are few studies that comprehensively consider the impact of price level (PL) and perceived price dispersion (PPD) on CISB, and there is a certain disagreement about the impact of PPD specific to the online shopping environment. To address this research gap, we construct a model using the data from 5515 consumers’ purchasing and browsing behavior on a B2C e-commerce website, selecting six products as our research objects. We use a hierarchical regression analysis method to study the influence of product PL and PPD on CISB, and to explore the moderating effect of product categories (durables and consumables) on the relationship between PL, PPD and CISB. The results show that PL significantly affects CISB, and that product categories have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between PL and CISB. For durable goods, when the PL is high, consumers tend to increase their search behavior, both in depth and in breadth, and for consumables with low PL but higher purchase frequency, consumers likewise tend to increase their search behavior. In the B2C online shopping environment, PPD has a significant positive effect on CISB, and product category has a moderating effect on the relationship between PPD and CISB. When consumers purchase consumables, the higher the PPD, the higher the depth of CISB. The findings have several implications for marketing practitioners and enterprises advertising, also can help customers save time and energy in their search behaviors.
17
Zhou, F., M. Howlett, J. Talbot, J. Fraser, B. Robinson, and P. Atkinson. "P146: Does a communications skills intervention improve emergency department staff coping skills and burnout?" CJEM 21, S1 (May 2019): S117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2019.337.
Abstract:
Introduction: Emergency department (ED) staff carry a high risk for the burnout syndrome of increased emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and decreased personal accomplishment. Previous research has shown that task-oriented coping skills were associated with reduced levels of burnout compared to emotion-oriented coping. ED staff at one hospital participated in an intervention to teach task-oriented coping skills. We hypothesized that the intervention would alter staff coping behaviors and ultimately reduce burnout. Methods: ED physicians, nurses and support staff at two regional hospitals were surveyed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). Surveys were performed before and after the implementation of communication and conflict resolution skills training at the intervention facility (I) consisting of a one-day course and a small group refresher 6 to 15 months later. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis assessed differences in staff burnout and coping styles compared to the control facility (C) and over time. Results: 85/143 (I) and 42/110 (C) ED staff responded to the initial survey. Post intervention 46 (I) and 23(C) responded. During the two year study period there was no statistically significant difference in CISS or MBI scores between hospitals (CISS: (Pillai's trace = .02, F(3,63) = .47, p = .71, partial η2 = .02); MBI: (Pillai's trace = .01, F(3,63) = .11, p = .95, partial η2 = .01)) or between pre- and post-intervention groups (CISS: (Pillai's trace = .01, F(3,63) = .22, p = .88, partial η2 = .01); MBI: (Pillai's trace = .09, F(3,63) = 2.15, p = .10, partial η2 = .01)). Conclusion: We were not able to measure improvement in staff coping or burnout in ED staff receiving communication skills intervention over a two year period. Burnout is a multifactorial problem and environmental rather than individual factors may be more important to address. Alternatively, to demonstrate a measurable effect on burnout may require more robust or inclusive interventions.
18
Ullah, Hanif, Bernabé Marí, and Hai Ning Cui. "Investigation on the Effect of Gallium on the Efficiency of CIGS Solar Cells through Dedicated Software." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 1497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1497.
Abstract:
This work reports on the analysis of thin-film copperindiumgalliumdiselenide (CIGS) solar cells by using Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator software (SCAPS). We have modeled a PV device, which consists in a CIGS absorber, a CdS buffer and a ZnO window layer. We have studied the behavior of CIGS absorber as a function of Gallium content by simulating the behavior of CIGS solar cells versus the Ga content in the absorber layer.
19
Aziz, Siti Aishah Binti Abdul, Saiful Amri Mazlan, Nur Azmah Nordin, Nor Azlin Nazira Abd Rahman, U. Ubaidillah, Seung-Bok Choi, and Norzilawati Mohamad. "Material Characterization of Magnetorheological Elastomers with Corroded Carbonyl Iron Particles: Morphological Images and Field-dependent Viscoelastic Properties." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 13 (July 5, 2019): 3311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133311.
Abstract:
High temperatures and humidity could alter the field-dependent rheological properties of MR materials. These environmental phenomena may accelerate the deterioration processes that will affect the long-term rheological reliability of MR materials such as MR elastomer (MRE). This study therefore attempts to investigate the field-dependent rheological characteristics of MRE with corroded carbonyl iron particles (CIPs). The corroded CIPs were treated with hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a way of providing realistic environments in gauging the CIPs reaction towards the ambient conditions. The corroded CIPs along with silicone rubber as a matrix material were used in the fabrication of the MRE samples. To observe the effect of HCl treatment on the CIPs, the morphological observations of MREs with non-corroded and corroded CIPs were investigated via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). In addition, the magnetic properties were examined through the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), while the field-dependent rheological characteristics such as the storage modulus of MRE with the corroded CIPs were also tested and compared with the non-corroded CIPs. The results showed that the corroded CIPs possessed hydrangea-like structures. In the meantime, it was identified that a sudden reduction of up to 114% of the field-dependent MR effect of MRE with the corroded CIPs was observed as a result of the weakened interfacial bonding between the CIPs and the silicon in the outer layers of the CIPs structure.
20
Sun, Xiao, Yan Shi, Xue Wang, Rongrong Zhou, and Wei Deng. "Diabetes-related stress in older adults with type 2 diabetes and chronic complication: Multiple effects of social-ecological support on self-management behavior." Medicine 103, no. 17 (April 26, 2024): e37951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000037951.
Abstract:
This study aims to explore the relationship among diabetes-related distress, social-ecological support, and self-management behavior in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic complications. This cross-sectional study included older adults with T2DM in Shanghai, China, between January and July 2022. The problem areas in diabetes scale (PAID), the chronic illness resource survey (CIRS), and the diabetes self-management behavior for older (DSMB-O) were employed. A total of 264 participants (157 [59.47%] males, aged 71.07 ± 6.47 years) were included; their T2DM duration ranged from 5 to 30 years, with an average of 11.19 ± 6.96 years. The DSMB-O scores were negatively correlated with the PAID scores and positively correlated with CIRS scores. The CIRS scores were negatively correlated with the PAID scores. CIRS had a positive direct effect on DSMB-O, and CIRS had an indirect effect on DSMB-O through PAID. CIRS had a total effect on DSMB-O through PAID. The mediating effect made up 28.89% of the total effect. In older adults with T2DM and chronic complications, chronic illness resources were correlated with diabetes-related distress and self-management behavior. Chronic illness resources had both a direct effect on self-management behavior and an indirect effect through diabetes-related distress.
21
Liu, Gui Shan, Hao Na Li, Xiao Yue Shen, Zhi Qiang Hu, and Hong Shun Hao. "Effect of Substrate Temperature on One-Step Magnetron-Sputtered Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films for Solar Cells." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.703.
Abstract:
CIGS thin films were deposited on soda lime glass by one-step magnetron sputtering using a single quaternary-CIGS target in stoichiometric proportions. The influences of substrate temperature on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films were investigated. The phase structure of CIGS thin films was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology and thickness of CIGS thin films were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The absorption coefficient of CIGS thin films was measured by Ultraviolet-visible Spectrophotometer. Four-point probe method was used to test the resistivity of CIGS thin films. Based on the results of characterization, the increase in crystallite size of CIGS was found to be significantly noticeable with increasing substrate temperature. UV-vis measurement analysis suggested that CIGS thin films deposited at different substrate temperatures had high absorption coefficient (~104 cm-1) and optical band gap (1.07-1.23 eV). The substrate temperature dependence of the resistivity of the films indicated that the resistivity of the films fall to about 0.5 Ω۰cm as the substrate glass was heated up to 300 °C.
22
Jeong, Ui-Hyun, Joo-Hyeong Park, Ji-Ho Choi, Woo-Guk Lee, and Jea-Gun Park. "Hybrid Organic–Si C-MOSFET Image Sensor Designed with Blue-, Green-, and Red-Sensitive Organic Photodiodes on Si C-MOSFET-Based Photo Signal Sensor Circuit." Nanomaterials 14, no. 13 (June 21, 2024): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14131066.
Abstract:
The resolution of Si complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (C-MOSFET) image sensors (CISs) has been intensively enhanced to follow the technological revolution of smartphones, AI devices, autonomous cars, robots, and drones, approaching the physical and material limits of a resolution increase in conventional Si CISs because of the low quantum efficiency (i.e., ~40%) and aperture ratio (i.e., ~60%). As a novel solution, a hybrid organic–Si image sensor was developed by implementing B, G, and R organic photodiodes on four n-MOSFETs for photocurrent sensing. Photosensitive organic donor and acceptor materials were designed with cost-effective small molecules, i.e., the B, G, and R donor and acceptor small molecules were Coumarin6 and C_60, DMQA and MePTC, and ZnPc and TiOPc, respectively. The output voltage sensing margins (i.e., photocurrent signal difference) of the hybrid organic–Si B, G, and R image sensor pixels presented results 17, 11, and 37% higher than those of conventional Si CISs. In addition, the hybrid organic–Si B, G, and R image sensor pixels could achieve an ideal aperture ratio (i.e., ~100%) compared with a Si CIS pixel using the backside illumination process (i.e., ~60%). Moreover, they may display a lower fabrication cost than image sensors because of the simple image sensor structure (i.e., hybrid organic–Si photodiode with four n-MOSFETs).
23
Fu, L., Y. Q. Guo, and S. Zheng. "X-ray diffraction studies on the effect of ball-milling speed on the structure of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 nanoparticles." Powder Diffraction 28, S1 (September 2013): S28—S31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s088571561300033x.
Abstract:
Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) semiconductors were prepared by arc melting and the vacuum solid reaction. CIGS nanoparticles were synthesized by the mechanical alloy method. The influences of various ball-milling speeds on phase structures for CIGS nanoparticles were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystal structures and unit-cell parameters of CIGS nanoparticles were determined using TREOR program and the least squares method. A Rietveld structural refinement was used to determine the atomic occupations and atomic numbers of CIGS prepared under various ball-milling speeds. The least size of agglomerated CIGS nanoparticles should be around 200 nm. CIGS nanoparticles milled at various milling speeds with a tetragonal chalcopyrite structure were obtained according to XRD analyses. However, Ga content in CIGS depends on milling speeds. Based on the structural refinements, the unit-cell parameters are a = 5.693(8)–5.744(9) Å and c = 11.334(9)–11.524(4) Å with gallium content ranging from 0.3 to 0.5. The atomic occupations are corresponding to the 4a crystal site for Cu atoms, the 4b site for In and the 8d site for Se. Ga prefers to occupy the 4b crystal site.
24
Yang, Siyuan, Fei Wang, Zhe Zhang, Zhiming Liu, Jiliang Zhang, and Kaiyong Jiang. "Effect of Ball-Milling Process on Microwave Absorption Behaviors of Flaky Carbonyl Iron Powders." Materials 16, no. 12 (June 15, 2023): 4397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16124397.
Abstract:
Electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption performance is greatly affected by the microscopic morphology of the absorbing material particles. In this study, a facile and efficient ball-milling method was applied to increase the aspect ratio of particles and prepare flaky carbonyl iron powders (F-CIPs), one of the most readily commercially available absorbing materials. The effect of ball-milling time and rotation speed on the absorption behaviors of the F-CIPs was investigated. The microstructures and compositions of the F-CIPs were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The EM parameters were measured using a vector network analyzer (VNA) in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz. The results indicated that the ball-milled flaky CIPs exhibited a better absorption ability than the raw spherical CIPs. Among all the samples, the sample milled at 200 r/min for 12 h and the sample milled at 300 r/min for 8 h showed remarkable EM parameters. The ball-milling sample with 50 wt.% F-CIPs had a minimum reflection loss peak of −14.04 dB at a thickness of 2 mm and a maximum bandwidth (RL < −7 dB) of 8.43 GHz at a thickness of 2.5 mm, a result that conformed with the transmission line theory. Hence, the ball-milled flaky CIPs were considered to be beneficial for microwave absorption.
25
Akyol, Şengül, U. Cancı Matur, N. Baydogan, and Hüseyin Çimenoğlu. "Beta Irradiation Effect on Cu(In, Ga)Se2 Thin-Films." Defect and Diffusion Forum 365 (July 2015): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.365.249.
Abstract:
One of the most promising absorber materials for thin-film solar modules are polycrystalline chalcopyrite thin-film solar cells based on Cu (In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS). By having the direct band gap and high absorption coefficient, CIGS compounds have high solar to electricity conversion efficiency, reliability, and stability. The changes of physical properties of sol-gel derived CIGS thin-films were investigated after the beta irradiation. The effect of ionization radiation on the optical materials is promising in the radiation science and air and space science. The ionized radiation causes changes of physical and chemical properties by exciting the free carriers and forming electron-hole pairs. The irradiaton effect on the CIGS thin-films is evaluated by determining the optical band gap of the films exposed to the beta radiation source by using Sr-90 radioisotope. The variations in structural and optical properties were considered with respect to the absorbed dose level to investigate the characteristic properties of CIGS thin-films.
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Li, Li, Yingxiang Bian, and Zhenyi Yang. "Short-Term Effects of Fics and Cics Advertisements -Purchase Funnel Model Perspective." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 2 (July 13, 2022): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v2i.782.
Abstract:
Based on various types of data such as clickstreams in e-commerce websites, this paper develops an evaluation model on the short-term effects of online advertisement of firm-initiated contacts (FICs) and customer-initiated contacts (CICs). The results show, it is found that the short-term effect of CICs brand ads is the largest (the short-term effect of brand paid search ads is the strongest), followed by CICs generic ads, and FICs ads has the weakest effect on instant consumption promotion.
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Liu, Yang, Rui Wang, Kaixuan Li, Ran Chen, Zhaoyang Wu, and Yang Li. "Investigating the Effect of Carbonyl Iron Powder Doping on the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Soft Magnetic Composites." Magnetochemistry 10, no. 4 (March 30, 2024): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry10040023.
Abstract:
This study proposes the thermal decomposition of salt compounds and doping of carbonyl iron powders (CIPs) to optimize the preparation of an insulating layer through the solid-phase interface reaction. First, (Fe–Si–Cr + CIPs)/ZnSO4 composite powders were synthesized using the hydrothermal method and (Fe–Si–Cr + CIPs)/ZnO·SiO2·Cr2O3 SMCs with a ZnO·SiO2·Cr2O3 composite insulation layer were prepared through heat treatment and cold pressing. The effect of the CIP doping content on the microstructure and magnetic properties of the (Fe–Si–Cr + CIPs)/ZnO·SiO2·Cr2O3 SMCs were then investigated. During the heat treatment, ZnSO4 decomposed into solid ZnO and gaseous SO2 and O2. The O2 drives the solid-phase reaction, prompting the migration of nonmagnetic Si and Cr atoms from the interior of the Fe–Si–Cr soft magnetic powder to the surface insulation layer, finally forming the ZnO·SiO2·Cr2O3 insulation layer. The doped CIPs also show good plasticity during the coating process, combining with the coating layer to fill the internal pores of SMCs. Moreover, as the particles are small with a high surface area, they increase the number of reaction sites for ZnSO4 decomposition and facilitate the growth of the composite insulation layer, promoting its uniform distribution on the surfaces of the soft magnetic powders and CIPs. The lattice mismatch between the insulation layer and soft magnetic powder is reduced while the magnetic-phase content is increased, allowing the effective doping of CIPs sin the insulation layer. The magnetic properties of SMCs can be precisely regulated by changing the doping amount of CIPs. Unlike other insulating layer–preparation strategies based on the interfacial solid-phase reaction, the proposed method exploits the high plasticity and specific surface area of CIPs and removes the lattice mismatch between the insulation layer and soft magnetic powder.
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Rahman, Nor Azlin Nazira Abd, Saiful Amri Mazlan, Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz, Nur Azmah Nordin, Ubaidillah, and N. Hapipi. "Magnetorheological Elastomer Silicone-Based Containing Corroded Carbonyl Iron Particles." Key Engineering Materials 772 (July 2018): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.772.51.
Abstract:
In this study, magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) were synthesized using silicone rubber (SR) as the matrix element interspersed with 70 weight percent of corroded carbonyl iron particles (CIPs). The CIPs were corroded in dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) for 4 hours. The rheological properties related to MR effect were experimentally examined in the absence and presence of magnetic field at various current using a rheometer. The experimental results depicted the MR effect of the MRE with corroded CIPs decreased one-half, 27% as compared to the non-corroded samples, 58%. The correlation between the purity of CIPs and storage modulus of MR elastomer is examined in this study.
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Kawakita, Shirou, Mitsuru Imaizumi, Shogo Ishizuka, Hajime Shibata, Shigeru Niki, Shuichi Okuda, and Hiroaki Kusawake. "Characterization of Electron-Induced Defects in Cu (In, Ga) Se2 Thin-Film Solar Cells using Electroluminescence." MRS Proceedings 1538 (2013): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.981.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTCIGS solar cells were irradiated with 250 keV electrons, which can create only Cu-related defects in the cell, to reveal the radiation defect. The EL image of CIGS solar cells before electron irradiation at 120 K described small grains, thought to be those of the CIGS. After 250 keV electron irradiation of the CIGS cell, the cell was uniformly illuminated compared to before the electron irradiation and the observed grains were unclear. In addition, the EL intensity rose with increasing electron fluence, meaning the change in EL efficiency may be attributable to the decreased likelihood of non-irradiative recombination in intrinsic defects due to electron-induced defects. Since the light soaking effect for CIGS solar cells is reported the same phenomena, the 250 keV electron radiation effects for CIGS solar cells might be equivalent to the effect.
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Edwards, Anne, Marijke Frederix, Florence Wisniewski-Dyé, Jacob Jones, Angeles Zorreguieta, and J. Allan Downie. "The cin and rai Quorum-Sensing Regulatory Systems in Rhizobium leguminosarum Are Coordinated by ExpR and CinS, a Small Regulatory Protein Coexpressed with CinI." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 9 (March 6, 2009): 3059–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01650-08.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT To understand how the Rhizobium leguminosarum raiI-raiR quorum-sensing system is regulated, we identified mutants with decreased levels of RaiI-made N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs). A LuxR-type regulator, ExpR, is required for raiR expression, and RaiR is required to induce raiI. Since raiR (and raiI) expression is also reduced in cinI and cinR quorum-sensing mutants, we thought CinI-made AHLs may activate ExpR to induce raiR. However, added CinI-made AHLs did not induce raiR expression in a cinI mutant. The reduced raiR expression in cinI and cinR mutants was due to lack of expression of cinS immediately downstream of cinI. cinS encodes a 67-residue protein, translationally coupled to CinI, and cinS acts downstream of expR for raiR induction. Cloned cinS in R. leguminosarum caused an unusual collapse of colony structure, and this was delayed by mutation of expR. The phenotype looked like a loss of exopolysaccharide (EPS) integrity; mutations in cinI, cinR, cinS, and expR all reduced expression of plyB, encoding an EPS glycanase, and mutation of plyB abolished the effect of cloned cinS on colony morphology. We conclude that CinS and ExpR act to increase PlyB levels, thereby influencing the bacterial surface. CinS is conserved in other rhizobia, including Rhizobium etli; the previously observed effect of cinI and cinR mutations decreasing swarming in that strain is primarily due to a lack of CinS rather than a lack of CinI-made AHL. We conclude that CinS mediates quorum-sensing regulation because it is coregulated with an AHL synthase and demonstrate that its regulatory effects can occur in the absence of AHLs.
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Bissar, Mohammed. "Effect of Two Different Forms of Smoking on Periodontium: A Retrospective Study." Future Dental Journal 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54623/fdj.8016.
Abstract:
Aim of the study: Is to compare the effects of smoking T-cigs and vaping E-cigs on clinical periodontal parameters in patients.Materials and Methods: It consisted of a clinical examination of a total of 60 individuals aged between 29 and 39 years. They responded to a questionnaire about their smoking history, and they were divided into 2 groups as E-cig vapers and T-cig smokers. Full-mouth plaque index (PI),bleeding on probing (BOP),clinical attachment loss (AL),and probing depth (PD) were measured at six sites per tooth on all maxillary and mandibular teeth except third molars. Results: T-cigarette had significantly higher probing depth, attachment level and plaque index than E-cigarette group. For bleeding index, T-Cigarette had higher value than E-Cigarette group as well yet the difference was not statistically. Conclusion: E-cigs vaping is not as hazardous to periodontal heath as T-cigs smoking.
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Elías-Zúñiga, Alex, Luis M. Palacios-Pineda, Imperio A. Perales-Martínez, Oscar Martínez-Romero, Daniel Olvera-Trejo, and Isaac H. Jiménez-Cedeño. "Investigating the Mullins Effect and Energy Dissipation in Magnetorheological Polyurethane Elastomers." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 15 (July 27, 2020): 5318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155318.
Abstract:
The aim of this article was to investigate the mechanical performance of magnetorheological polyurethane elastomers reinforced with different concentrations of carbonyl iron microparticles (CIPs) in which stress softening, energy dissipation, residual strains, microparticles orientation, and magnetic flux density effects will be considered. Other aspects, such as the determination of the dissipated energy during cyclic loading and unloading, were investigated by considering a pseudo-elastic network model that takes into account residual strains, magnetic field intensity, and the isotropic and anisotropic material behavior. Theoretical predictions confirmed that the material shear modulus becomes sensitive not only for higher concentrations of CIPs added into the elastomer material matrix, but also to the magnetic flux intensity that induces attractive forces between CIPs and to the strong bonds between these and the elastomer matrix. It was also found that the addition of CIPs when embedded into the polymer matrix with a predefined orientation enhances the material shear modulus as well as its capacity to dissipate energy when subjected to magnetic flux density in loading and unloading directions.
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Albahou, M. S., and J. L. Green. "Effect of Salinity on Blossom-end Rot of Tomato in the Closed Insulated Pallet System." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 522E—522. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.522e.
Abstract:
Incidence of blossom-end rot (BER) of tomato is known to increase with increasing salinity in hydroponics and field tomato crops due to osmotic stress and imbalanced ionic ratio in the media solution. The present investigation evaluated salinity effects on the occurrence of BER of tomato in a completely closed root environment known as the closed insulated pallet system (CIPS). The CIPS is a continuous sub-irrigation capillary system with water moving from reservoir to rootzone in response to plant uptake and loss through transpiration and growth. In CIPS, fertilizer reserve is placed at the top surface of the root matrix, so fertilizer ions move downward by diffusion. Various tomato genotypes were seeded directly into CIPS in Spring. The experiment was terminated at a 100-day growing period. The incidence of BER was calculated as percent affected fruits. Salinity treatments consisted of five concentrations ranging from 0 to 10 g/L NaCl. One salinity treatment was 1 g/L CaCl2. In CIPS, the salt gradient created by uptake of saline water had lowest concentration at the top of root compartment where fertilizer was placed. Therefore, there was minimal ionic interactions between fertilizer ions and ions from the saline water. The uptake of water and plant growth decreased with increasing salinity concentration. The addition of Ca in the sub-irrigation water had no effect on the occurrence of BER. The incidence of BER correlated negatively with salinity level and plant growth in the CIPS.
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Lin, Yi Cheng, Jia Hong Ke, and C. C. Chen. "Effect of Deposition Conditions on the Characterization of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Precursor Films by Sputtering Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 189 (July 2012): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.189.63.
Abstract:
In this study, Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films were deposited onto bi-layer Mo coated soda-lime glass by sputtering a chalcopyrite CIGS quaternary alloy target. The influence of sputtering power and substrate temperature on the characterization of CIGS precursor films was investigated. Experimental results demonstrate that the CIGS quaternary target has the characteristics of chalcopyrite structures. The samples deposited at a sputter power of 1.5 W/cm2 (both as-deposited and after annealing) exhibited superior uniformity, and the phenomenon of composition loss resulting from annealing was not drastic. The composition distribution of as-deposited film produced at a substrate temperature 373 K approached that of ideal stoichiometry.
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N. J. Suthan Kissinger. "The Effect of Sodium on a Molybdenum Layer by Varying the Growth Pressure on CIGS Solar Absorp-tion Layer." Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.13074/jent.2023.12.234481.
Abstract:
Flexible Cu (In, Ga) Se2 (CIGS) solar cells on stainless-steel (STS) substrates face the problem of efficiency deterioration when iron impurities diffuse into the absorber layer. Iron, the main component of stainless steel, can diffuse through the back contact into the CIGS absorber, where Fe impurities are known to reduce the solar cell performance. In this work, the sodium-doped Molybdenum (Mo-Na) layer was made as a diffusion barrier on STS substrate for various growth pressures. The formed Mo-Na diffusion barrier layer was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray diffractometer and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. X-ray diffraction showed that the films grown on STS substrates had a pure chalcopyrite phase with a preferred (112) orientation Mo back contact and the CIGS layer was subsequently deposited by co-sputtering technique and selenization process, to investigate the Na diffusion through the diffusion barrier into the CIGS absorption layer. The concentrations of Na and Fe diffused in the CIGS layer were also measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). The SIMS depth profile and optical measurement results demonstrated that the diffusion of Na into the CIGS absorber layer was controlled by varying the working pressure of the Mo-Na layer.
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Sajadnia, Mohsen, Sajjad Dehghani, Zahra Noraeepoor, and Mohammad Hossein Sheikhi. "Highly improvement in efficiency of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells." World Journal of Engineering 17, no. 4 (June 6, 2020): 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-02-2020-0068.
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this study is to design and optimize copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin film solar cells. Design/methodology/approach A novel bi-layer CIGS thin film solar cell based on SnS is designed. To improve the performance of the CIGS based thin film solar cell a tin sulfide (SnS) layer is added to the structure, as back surface field and second absorbing layer. Defect recombination centers have a significant effect on the performance of CIGS solar cells by changing recombination rate and charge density. Therefore, performance of the proposed structure is investigated in two stages successively, considering typical and maximum reported trap density for both CIGS and SnS. To achieve valid results, the authors use previously reported experimental parameters in the simulations. Findings First by considering the typical reported trap density for both SnS and CIGS, high efficiency of 36%, was obtained. Afterward maximum reported trap densities of 1 × 1019 and 5.6 × 1015 cm−3 were considered for SnS and CIGS, respectively. The efficiency of the optimized cell is 27.17% which is achieved in CIGS and SnS thicknesses of cell are 0.3 and 0.1 µm, respectively. Therefore, even in this case, the obtained efficiency is well greater than previous structures while the absorbing layer thickness is low. Originality/value Having results similar to practical CIGS solar cells, the impact of the defects of SnS and CIGS layers was investigated. It was found that affixing SnS between CIGS and Mo layers causes a significant improvement in the efficiency of CIGS thin-film solar cell.
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Игнатьева, Е. В., Е. В. Крюков, В. А. Чернецов, А. В. Зинченко, and О. А. Рукавицын. "Analysis of Comorbidity in Patients with Lymphoproliferative Diseases. Effect of Comorbidity on Mortality." Гематология. Трансфузиология. Восточная Европа, no. 4 (January 4, 2021): 436–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.34883/pi.2020.6.4.001.
Abstract:
Цель исследования: провести оценку коморбидности у пациентов с лимфопролиферативными заболеваниями (ЛПЗ). Оценить эффективность шкал Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics (CIRS-G) у пациентов с лимфопролиферативными заболеваниями. Оценить влияние проводимой иммунохимиотерапии на общую коморбидность у данной категории пациентов.Материалы и методы: для расчетов использовались две шкалы: CCI и CIRS-G. С января 2018 г. по октябрь 2019 г. обследовано 127 первичных пациентов с ЛПЗ в возрасте от 19 до 95 лет, средний возраст составил 51,4 года. В исследование включены пациенты с неходжкинскими лимфомами, лимфомой Ходжкина, множественной миеломой, хроническим лимфолейкозом, макроглобулинемией Вальденстрема, волосатоклеточным лейкозом, Т-клеточным лейкозом из больших гранулированных лимфоцитов, Т-клеточным пролимфоцитарным лейкозом. В общей сложности наблюдение за пациентами проводилось от 6 месяцев до полутора лет.Результаты: коморбидность выявлялась у 95 пациентов до начала лечения, 114 пациентов получили иммунотерапию, химиотерапию, комбинированную химиолучевую терапию, 80 из 114 пациентов имели сопутствующую патологию до лечения. При повторном анализе после проведения терапии коморбидность впервые обнаружена у 12 пациентов, а у 34 отмечено ее усугубление. Таким образом, после проведения лечения 46 пациентов (36,22%) имели появление либо ухудшение сопутствующих заболеваний, у остальных пациентов коморбидность осталась на прежнем уровне. Оценен только индекс CIRS-G. Наиболее часто диагностировалось поражение периферической и центральной нервной системы – 20 пациентов (43,48%). На втором месте находились иммунодефицитные состояния – 19 человек (41,30%), на третьем месте заболевания сердечно-сосудистой системы – 12 пациентов (26,08%). Отмечено, что структура коморбидности в общей группе не изменилась.Выводы: при проведении повторного расчета коморбидности по шкалам CCI и CIRS-G отмечено значительное усугубление коморбидности после лечения, нарастание среднетяжелой и тяжелой коморбидности. По эффективности шкалы CCI и CIRS-G у пролеченных пациентов оценивают коморбидность лишь приблизительно, так как CCI не включает полиневропатии, иммунодефицитные состояния, тромбозы, ишемическую болезнь сердца, нарушения сердечного ритма, гастриты, в шкале CIRS-G отсутствуют тромбоэмболические осложнения и иммунодефицитные состояния. Целесообразна разработка шкал оценки коморбидности, свободных от вышеуказанных недостатков. Purpose. To evaluate comorbidity in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases. To evaluate the effectiveness of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatric (CIRS-G) in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases (LPDS). To evaluate the effect of immunochemotherapy on overall comorbidity in this category of patients.Methods. Two scales were used for calculations: CCI and CIRS-G. From January 2018 to October 2019, 127 primary patients with LPZ aged from 19 to 95 years were examined, the average age was 51.4 years. The study included patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia, hairy cell leukemia, large granulated lymphocyte T-cell leukemia, and T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. In total, patients were monitored from 6 months to one and a half years.Results. Comorbidity was detected in 95 patients before treatment; 114 patients received immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and combined chemoradiotherapy; 80 out of 114 patients had comorbidities before treatment. When re-analyzing after the therapy, comorbidity was revealed for the first time in 12 patients, and 34 patients showed its aggravation. Thus, after treatment, 46 patients (36.22%) had the appearance or deterioration of concomitant diseases; in other patients, comorbidity remained at the same level. Only the CIRS-g index is evaluated. Disorders of the peripheral and central nervous system were the most frequently diagnosed – 20 patients (43.48%). The second place was occupied by immunodeficiency conditions – 19 people (41.30%), the third place was occupied by diseases of the cardiovascular system – 12 patients (26.08%). It was noted that the structure of comorbidity in the general group did not change.Conclusion. When re-calculating comorbidity on the CGI and CIRS-G scales, there was a significant aggravation of comorbidity after treatment, an increase of moderate and severe comorbidity. According to the effectiveness of the CCI and CIRS-G scales, comorbidity is estimated only approximately in the treated patients, since CCI does not include polyneuropathies, immunodeficiency states, thrombosis, coronary heart disease, heart rhythm disorders, gastritis, and there are no thromboembolic complications and immunodeficiency states in the CIRS-G scale. It is advisable to develop comorbidity assessment scales that are free from the above disadvantages.
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Hahsim, Emad Talib, and Akram Abdulameer Abbood. "Temperature Effect on Power Drop of Different Photovoltaic Modules." Journal of Engineering 22, no. 5 (May 1, 2016): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2016.05.09.
Abstract:
Solar module operating temperature is the second major factor affects the performance of solar photovoltaic panels after the amount of solar radiation. This paper presents a performance comparison of mono-crystalline Silicon (mc-Si), poly-crystalline Silicon (pc-Si), amorphous Silicon (a-Si) and Cupper Indium Gallium di-selenide (CIGS) photovoltaic technologies under Climate Conditions of Baghdad city. Temperature influence on the solar modules electric output parameters was investigated experimentally and their temperature coefficients was calculated. These temperature coefficients are important for all systems design and sizing. The experimental results revealed that the pc-Si module showed a decrease in open circuit voltage by -0.0912V/ºC while mc-Si and a-Si had nearly -0.07V/ºC and the CIGS has -0.0123V/ºC. The results showed a slightly increase in short circuit current with temperature increasing about 0.3mA/ºC ,4.4mA/ºC and 0.9mA/ºC for mc-Si , pc-Si and both a-Si and CIGS. The mc-Si had the largest drop in output power about -0.1353W/ºC while -0.0915, -0.0114 and -0.0276 W/ºC for pc-Si, a-Si and CIGS respectively. The amorphous silicon is the more suitable module for high operation temperature but it has the lowest conversion efficiency between the tested modules.
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Guo, Yujun, Meini Shao, Ping Guan, Mengyang Yu, Lin Geng, Ying Gao, Lin Meng, and Bo Qu. "Co-Invasion of Congeneric Invasive Plants Adopts Different Strategies Depending on Their Origins." Plants 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2024): 1807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13131807.
Abstract:
Plant communities may be co-invaded by invasive plants, sometimes even by congeneric invasive plants (CIPs). Despite the growing understanding of co-invasion in the environment, little is known about how CIP interactions and mechanisms regulate co-invasion. Darwin’s naturalisation conundrum predicts that the coexistence of closely related species is difficult due to their structural and behavioural similarities. Nevertheless, communities containing closely related species are more susceptible to being invaded because close relatives may favour similar environments; therefore, this hypothesis should be followed in the co-invasion of CIPs. To explore whether the phylogenetic relatedness and origins of invasive species to CIPs can promote or hinder co-invasion, we conducted a controlled interaction and soil-legacy greenhouse experiment to quantify the growth response of invasive plants and their congeners. We consistently found that CIPs of identical origin were more likely to co-invade compared to CIPs of distinct origins. CIPs of distinct origins exhibited an antagonistic effect on co-invasion by allelopathy. Invasive plant-conditioned soil was more conducive to the growth of CIPs of identical origin than CIPs of distinct origins. Our results revealed the different effects of invader–invader phylogenetic relatedness on co-invader success and impact, suggesting the operation of different mechanisms across co-invasion.
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Chen, Dyi-Cheng, Ming-Fei Chen, and Ming-Ren Chen. "Thermal Effect on a CIGS Thin-Film Solar Cell P2 Layer by Using a UV Laser." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 723136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/723136.
Abstract:
This study used ANSYS simulation software for analyzing an ultraviolet (UV) (355 nm) laser processing system. The laser apparatus was used in a stainless steel CIGS solar cell P2 layer for simulation analysis. CIGS films process order according to S iO2 layer, molybdenum electrode, CIGS absorbed layer, CdS buffered layer, i-ZnO penetrate light layer, TCO front electrode, MgF resist reflected materials, andelectrode materials. The simulation and experimental results were compared to obtain a laser-delineated P2 laser with a low melting and vaporization temperature. According to the simulation results, the laser function time was 135 μs, the UV laser was 0.5 W, and the P2 layer thin films were removed. The experimental results indicated that the electrode pattern of the experiment was similar to that of the simulation result, and the laser process did not damage the base plate. The analysis results confirm that the laser apparatus is effective when applied to a stainless steel CIGS solar cell P2 layer.
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Abdalmageed, Hassan Ismail, Mostafa Fedawy, and Moustafa H. Aly. "Effect of absorber layer bandgap of CIGS-based solar cell with (CdS/ZnS) buffer layer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2128, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2128/1/012009.
Abstract:
Abstract This article uses computational models to evaluate the potential of copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) thin film solar cells. The use of cadmium sulphide (CdS) renders the solar cell environmentally hazardous. A zinc sulphide (ZnS) that is non-toxic and has a large bandgap is studied as a potential replacement for cadmium sulphide in CIGS-based solar cells. The present research focuses on the impact of the CIGS-based solar cell bandgap absorber layer by increasing the absorber layer thickness (0.1-2 μm) using the solar cell simulator simulation tool SCAPS. The basic simulation produces 18.2 % efficiency with a CdS buffer layer, which is 9.95% better than the previously published work. The Simulated efficiency is 22.16% for the CIGS solar cell using ZnS. The simulation of solar cell characteristics of how the thickness of the absorber layer, the gallium grading (efficiency ranges up to 22.25 %) is demonstrated, showing the effect of buffer layer (ZnS) on the current of short-circuit density (JSC), open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), and efficiency (η) of the solar cell.
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Firouzeh, Seyedamin, Sara Illescas-Lopez, Md Anik Hossain, Juan Manuel Cuerva, Luis Álvarez de Cienfuegos, and Sandipan Pramanik. "Chirality-induced spin selectivity in functionalized carbon nanotube networks: The role of spin–orbit coupling." Journal of Chemical Physics 159, no. 3 (July 19, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0156348.
Abstract:
Spin–orbit coupling in a chiral medium is generally assumed to be a necessary ingredient for the observation of the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. However, some recent studies have suggested that CISS may manifest even when the chiral medium has zero spin–orbit coupling. In such systems, CISS may arise due to an orbital polarization effect, which generates an electromagnetochiral anisotropy in two-terminal conductance. Here, we examine these concepts using a chirally functionalized carbon nanotube network as the chiral medium. A transverse measurement geometry is used, which nullifies any electromagnetochiral contribution but still exhibits the tell-tale signs of the CISS effect. This suggests that CISS may not be explained solely by electromagnetochiral effects. The role of nanotube spin–orbit coupling on the observed pure CISS signal is studied by systematically varying nanotube diameter. We find that the magnitude of the CISS signal scales proportionately with the spin–orbit coupling strength of the nanotubes. We also find that nanotube diameter dictates the supramolecular chirality of the medium, which in turn determines the sign of the CISS signal.
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Alwan, Seif, Subhajit Sarkar, Amos Sharoni, and Yonatan Dubi. "Temperature-dependence of the chirality-induced spin selectivity effect—Experiments and theory." Journal of Chemical Physics 159, no. 1 (July 5, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0147886.
Abstract:
The temperature-dependence of the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect can be used to discriminate between different theoretical proposals for the mechanism of the CISS effect. Here, we briefly review key experimental results and discuss the effect of temperature in different models for the CISS effect. We then focus on the recently suggested spinterface mechanism and describe the different possible effects temperature can have within this model. Finally, we analyze in detail recent experimental results presented in the work of Qian et al. [Nature 606, 902–908 (2022)] and demonstrate that, contrary to the original interpretation by the authors, these data actually indicate that the CISS effect increases with decreasing temperature. Finally, we show how the spinterface model can accurately reproduce these experimental results.
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Wang, Jingying, Baorui Mao, and Zeev Valy Vardeny. "Chirality induced spin selectivity in chiral hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites." Journal of Chemical Physics 159, no. 9 (September 7, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0160032.
Abstract:
Chiral materials exhibit many interesting physical properties including circular dichroism, circularly polarized photoluminescence, and spin selectivity. Since its discovery, chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) has been demonstrated in many chiral material systems, which indicates promising applications in spintronic devices. Thus, searching for compounds that possess both sizable chirality and excellent spin transport properties is in order. Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have attracted intensive research interest due to their long carrier lifetime, high carrier mobility, chemically tunable electronic properties, and long spin lifetime, which make this emerging class of semiconductors promising candidate for spintronics. Moreover, hybrid perovskites integrate inorganic octahedral framework and organic ligands, which may introduce chirality into the materials, especially in quasi-two-dimensional structures. Recently, CISS has been observed in 2D chiral hybrid perovskites, showing the spin filtering effect. Studies of CISS in chiral hybrid perovskites not only help deepen our understanding of CISS mechanism but also shed new light on designing novel spintronic devices. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art studies of CISS effect in 2D chiral hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites system. We also discuss the remaining challenges and research opportunities of employing CISS in next-generation spintronic devices.
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Bangruwa, Neeraj, Suryansh, Mayra Peralta, Rafael Gutierrez, Gianaurelio Cuniberti, and Debabrata Mishra. "Sequence-controlled chiral induced spin selectivity effect in ds-DNA." Journal of Chemical Physics 159, no. 4 (July 24, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0157931.
Abstract:
In this research, we explore sequence-dependent chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) in double-stranded (ds)-DNA using time-correlated single-photon counting and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy supplemented by tight-binding calculations of the phenomenon for the first time. The average lifetime of the photo-excited electrons in a Quantum Dot-DNA system is influenced by the CISS effect generated by the DNA molecule, and the difference in average time decay of electrons was found to be 345 ps for opposite polarity (“UP” and “DOWN”) of spins due to the CISS effect. Moreover, the yield of spin-polarized electrons due to the CISS effect was reduced by more than 35% from perfect DNA to DNA with point mutations. Remarkably, by employing a tight binding method combined with Green’s function formalism for transport, simulations of the process support the observed experimental trends. Our results provide a basic understanding of the sequence-specific spin-dependent electron transfer through ds-DNA. These results would help to build spin-based next-generation DNA sensors.
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Vensaus, Priscila, Yunchang Liang, Nicolas Zigon, Narcis Avarvari, Vladimiro Mujica, Galo J. A. A. Soler-Illia, and Magalí Lingenfelder. "Hybrid mesoporous electrodes evidence CISS effect on water oxidation." Journal of Chemical Physics 160, no. 11 (March 21, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0199339.
Abstract:
Controlling product selectivity is essential for improving the efficiency of multi-product reactions. Electrochemical water oxidation is a reaction of main importance in different applications, e.g., renewable energy schemes and environmental protection, where H2O2 and O2 are the two principal products. In this Communication, the product selectivity of electrochemical water oxidation was controlled by making use of the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect at mesoporous-TiO2 on the molecule-modified Au substrate. Our results show a decrease in H2O2 formation when using chiral hetero-helicene molecules adsorbed on the Au substrate. We propose a mechanism for this kinetic effect based on the onset of CISS-induced spin polarization on the Au–helicene chiral interface. We also present a new tunable substrate to investigate the CISS mechanism.
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"Does Somatic Amplification Effect Patient Reports of Visual Discomfort?" Vision Development & Rehabilitation, July 17, 2015, 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31707/vdr2015.1.2.p135.
Abstract:
Background: Anomalies in the accommodation or vergence system have been clearly associated with symptoms of visual discomfort. However, there has been little research investigating non-visual factors that could be associated with visual discomfort. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the association between somatic amplification and visual discomfort as measured by the survey developed by Conlon et al and the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) in a group of graduate students. Methods: Fifty-four students between 18 and 30 years of age with 36 being female participated in the study. Students filled out the Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), and the visual discomfort surveys developed by Conlon et al and the CISS. All students were screened for visual acuity, uncorrected refractive error, and illnesses or medication use that would adversely impact vision. The association between the SSAS and the Conlon et al survey and the CISS was assessed using the Pearson correlations and t-tests were used to compare SSAS scores in students scoring high and low on each survey of visual discomfort. Results: The correlation between the SSAS and the survey developed by Conlon et al was small (r=0.28) as was the association with the CISS (r=0.30). Both correlations were statistically significant, p=0.04 and p=0.03, respectively. The SSAS score was higher in the high discomfort group for the CISS (p=0.006) but this was not replicated with the Conlon et al survey (p=0.09). Conclusions: The SSAS showed a small correlation with the two surveys of visual discomfort that was statistically significant. Somatic amplification has a small impact on symptoms of visual discomfort in our group of graduate students.
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Kousaka, Yusuke, Taisei Sayo, Satoshi Iwasaki, Ryo Saki, Chiho Shimada, Hiroaki Shishido, and Yoshihiko Togawa. "Chirality-selected crystal growth and spin polarization over centimeters of transition metal disilicide crystals." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, December 5, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/aca8e2.
Abstract:
Abstract We performed a chirality-controlled crystal growth of transition metal disilicide NbSi2 and TaSi2 by using a laser-diode-heated floating zone (LDFZ) method. The crystal chirality was evaluated in the crystals of centimeters in length by performing single crystal X-ray diffraction as well as probing a spin polarization originating from chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. The crystals of right-handed NbSi2 and of left-handed TaSi2 were obtained in the conventional LDFZ crystal growth, while the left-handed NbSi2 and right-handed TaSi2 crystals were grown by the LDFZ method with the composition-gradient feed rods. The spin polarization via the CISS was observed over centimeters in the NbSi2 single crystals and the sign of the CISS signals was dependent on the chirality of crystals. The correlation between the crystal chirality and CISS signals indicates that the CISS measurements work as a non-destructive method for chirality determination even in centimeter-long specimens.
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Privitera, Alberto, Davide Faccio, Demetra Giuri, Elisabeth I. Latawiec, Damiano Genovese, Francesco Tassinari, Liviana Mummolo, et al. "Challenges in the Direct Detection of Chirality‐induced Spin Selectivity: Investigation of Foldamer‐based Donor‐Acceptor Dyads." Chemistry – A European Journal, September 7, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.202301005.
Abstract:
Over the past two decades, the chirality‐induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect was reported in several experiments disclosing a unique connection between chirality and electron spin. Recent theoretical works highlighted time‐resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (trEPR) as a powerful tool to directly detect the spin polarization resulting from CISS. Here, we report a first attempt to detect CISS at the molecular level by linking the pyrene electron donor to the fullerene acceptor with chiral peptide bridges of different lengths and electric dipole moment. The dyads are investigated by an array of techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, steady‐state and transient optical spectroscopies, and trEPR. Despite the promising energy alignment of the electronic levels, our multi‐technique analysis reveals no evidence of electron transfer (ET), highlighting the challenges of spectroscopic detection of CISS. However, the analysis allows the formulation of guidelines for the design of chiral organic model systems suitable to directly probe CISS‐polarized ET.
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Wang, Qingqian, Hongmei Zhu, Yangzhi Tan, Junjie Hao, Taikang Ye, Haodong Tang, Zhaojin Wang, et al. "Spin Quantum dot Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by Two‐Dimensional Chiral Perovskite with Spin‐Dependent Carrier Transport." Advanced Materials, October 3, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202305604.
Abstract:
AbstractChiral‐induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect provides innovative approach to spintronics and quantum‐based devices for chiral materials. Different from the conventional ferromagnetic devices, the application of CISS effect is potential to operate under room temperature and zero applied magnetic field. Low dimensional chiral perovskites by introducing chiral amines are beginning to show significant CISS effect for spin injection, but research on chiral perovskites is still in its infancy, especially on spin‐light emitting diode (spin‐LED) construction. Here we report the spin‐QLEDs enabled by two‐dimensional (2D) chiral perovskites as CISS layer for spin‐dependent carrier injection and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) as light emitting layer. The regulation pattern of the chirality and thickness of chiral perovskites, which affects the circularly polarized electroluminescence (CP‐EL) emission of spin‐QLED, has been discovered. Notably, the spin injection polarization of 2D chiral perovskites is higher than 80% and the CP‐EL asymmetric factor (gCP‐EL) achieves up to 1.6 × 10−2. Consequently, this work opens up a new and effective approach for high‐performance spin‐LEDs.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved