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1

HE, Ran. "Carry-over and interaction effects of different hand-milking techniques and milkers on milk." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 1986. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-154641.

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The main idea of this thesis is studying the importance of the carry-over effects and interaction effects in statistical models. To investigate it, a hand-milking experiment in Burkina Faso was studied. In many no electricity access countries, such as Burkina Faso, the amount of milk and milk compositions are still highly  relying on hand-milking techniques and milkers. Moreover, the time effects also plays a important role in stockbreeding system. Therefore, falling all effects, carry-over effects and interaction effects into a linear mixed effects model, it is concluded that the carry-over effects of milker and hand-milking techniques cannot be neglected, and the interaction effects among hand-milking techniques, different milkers, days and periods can be substantial.
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2

Ciccone, Vanessa. "The Effectiveness of Special Effects: Practical Effects vs. Digital Effects." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20500.

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For centuries films have given filmmakers the ability to affect their audiences visually and emotionally. Special effects and digital effects make a fictional scene appear more realistic. In the film An American Werewolf in London, make-up artist Rick Baker revolutionized the use of practical effects when transforming David Naughton’s character into a werewolf. In 1997 when An American Werewolf in Paris was released, director Anthony Waller utilized digital effects, instead of practical effects, when transforming various characters into werewolves. These transformation scenes were not met with as much praise as its predecessor. If we were to have a better understanding of how individuals perceive practical effects and digital effects it would allow us to determine which one better conveys an emotional reaction. This thesis will demonstrate which type of special effect, practical effects or digital effects, is more effective at relaying an emotional response in a viewer.
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3

Colagiuri, Ben. "Expectancies in Double-Blind Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trials and Placebo-Induced Side Effects." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8595.

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The majority of research on the placebo effect has focused on beneficial effects in patients or participants told to expect an active treatment, but who are actually given a placebo. Two important and relatively understudied aspects of the placebo effect are the extent to which expectancies influence outcomes in double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) and whether the placebo effect contributes to treatment side effects. The current project investigated these two issues in both clinical and experimental settings. The first study involved reanalysing a double-blind RCT of naltrexone and acamprosate for alcohol dependence based on whether participants believed they had been allocated to receive active treatment or placebo (perceived treatment). The second study extended on this by developing an experimental model for these effects using dummy (placebo only) double-blind RCTs for cognitive performance. This allowed for the manipulation of observable changes in the form of false feedback. The third study investigated whether warning participants about side effects increases their occurrence, frequency, and/or severity in three dummy trials for sleep difficulty in healthy volunteers. The final study complemented this by examining whether first time chemotherapy patients’ expectancies for nausea were associated with their post-chemotherapy nausea. The studies on perceived treatment in double-blind RCTs indicated that participants’ beliefs about their treatment allocation can influence their actual treatment outcomes via the placebo effect and that these beliefs are affected by the feedback they receive about their performance. The studies on placebo-induced side effects indicated that the placebo effect may contribute to treatment side effects but that this effect is generally likely to be small. These findings confirm that the placebo effect can influence treatment outcomes and emphasise the importance of considering patient expectancies when delivering medical treatment. They also highlight some general limitations associated with research on the placebo effect, which include, whether conveying uncertainty undermines the placebo effect and whether measuring or manipulating expectancies is the best way to evaluate the placebo effect.
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4

Barry, Justin. "The Solvent Cage Effect: Using Microviscosity to Predict the Recombination Efficiency of Geminate Radicals Formed by the Photolysis of the Mo-Mo Bond of Cpʹ2Mo2(CO)6." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23713.

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Radicals are core reactive species that occur in almost every subfield of chemistry. In particular, solution phase radicals find their way into biochemistry (e.g. vitamin B12), and in polymer chemistry (e.g. radical polymerizations) just to name a few. Yet, given the proliferation of radical chemistry, there are still fundamental aspects of it that are poorly understood. This dissertation probed factors that influence the solvent cage effect. The solvent cage effect is where two radicals are held in close proximity to one another and prevented from easily escaping (to form free radicals) by a cage of solvent molecules. A convenient metric of the solvent cage effect is the radical recombination efficiency (FcP). Typically, FcP correlates with the bulk viscosity of the solution, however, this parameter only produces qualitative assessments. This dissertation outlines a method to quantitatively predict FcP using the microviscosity. This microviscosity dependence holds for non polar, aromatic, polar, and hydrogen-bonding solvents, along with solutions that contain polymers. Microviscosity is a great metric because it addresses an underlying reason for the solvent cage effect, the strength of the cage. Not only does the strength of the solvent cage around the radical pair affect FcP, but so does the identity of the radicals themselves. That is, the strength of the solvent cage is one piece to forming a total predictive model. FcP for the Cp'2Mo2(CO)6 dimer also varies with the wavelength of irradiation. Identifying the mechanism by which this wavelength dependence occurs may also provide another factor to include in an overall model of the solvent cage effect. Also, an attempt at synthesizing an asymmetric molybdenum dimer was performed. This asymmetric dimer would allow the study of solvent caged radical pairs that are different from each other. Predicting the photochemical cage pair recombination efficiency (FcP) is the major topic of this dissertation. However, there is also the collisional cage recombination efficiency (Fcʹ). This is where free radicals come together in what is called a collisional solvent cage pair. A method and values of Fcʹ are detailed later in this dissertation. This dissertation contains previously published and unpublished co-authored material.
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5

Biard, Lucie. "Test des effets centre en épidémiologie clinique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC302.

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La modélisation des effets centre dans le cadre des données de survie repose souvent sur l'utilisation de modèles de Cox à effets mixtes. Tester un effet centre revient alors à tester à zéro la variance de l'effet aléatoire correspondant. La distribution sous l'hypothèse nulle des statistiques des tests paramétriques usuels n'est alors pas toujours connue. Les procédures de permutation ont été proposées comme alternative, pour les modèles linéaires généralisés mixtes.L'objectif est de développer, pour l'analyse des effets centre dans un modèle de survie de Cox à effets mixtes, une procédure de test de permutation pour les effets aléatoires.La première partie du travail présente la procédure de permutation développée pour le test d'un unique effet centre sur le risque de base, avec une application à la recherche d'un effet centre dans un essai clinique chez des patients atteints de leucémie myéloïde aiguë. La seconde partie porte sur l'extension de la procédure au test d'effets aléatoires multiples afin d’étudier à la fois des effets centre sur le risque de base et sur l'effet de variables, avec des illustrations sur deux cohortes de patients atteints de leucémie aiguë. Dans une troisième partie, les méthodes proposées sont appliquées à une cohorte multicentrique de patients en réanimation atteints d'hémopathies malignes, pour étudier les facteurs déterminant les effets centre sur la mortalité hospitalière. Les procédures de permutation proposées constituent une approche robuste et d'implémentation relativement aisée pour le test, en routine, d'effets aléatoires, donc un outil adapté pour l'analyse d'effets centre en épidémiologie clinique, afin de comprendre leur origine
Centre effects modelling within the framework of survival data often relies on the estimation of Cox mixed effects models. Testing for a centre effect consists in testing to zero the variance component of the corresponding random effect. In this framework, the identification of the null distribution of usual tests statistics is not always straightforward. Permutation procedures have been proposed as an alternative, for generalised linear mixed models.The objective was to develop a permutation test procedure for random effects in a Cox mixed effects model, for the test of centre effects.We first developed and evaluated permutation procedures for the test of a single centre effect on the baseline risk. The test was used to investigate a centre effect in a clinical trial of induction chemotherapy for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia.The second part consisted in extending the procedure for the test of multiple random effects, in survival models. The aim was to be able to examine both center effects on the baseline risk and centre effects on the effect of covariates. The procedure was illustrated on two cohorts of acute leukaemia patients. In a third part, the permutation approach was applied to a cohort of critically ill patients with hematologic malignancies, to investigate centre effects on the hospital mortality.The proposed permutation procedures appear to be robust approaches, easily implemented for the test of random centre effect in routine practice. They are an appropriate tool for the analysis of centre effects in clinical epidemiology, with the purpose of understanding their sources
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6

Muntahi, Abdussamad. "NANOSCALE EFFECTS IN JUNCTIONLESS FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1527.

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Though the concept of junctionless field effect transistor (JLFET) is old, it was not possible to fabricate a useful JLFET device, as it requires a very shallow channel region. Very recently, the emergence of new and advanced technologies has made it possible to create viable JLFET devices using nanowires. This work aims to computationally investigate the interplay of quantum size-quantization and random dopant fluctuations (RDF) effects in nanoscale JLFETs. For this purpose, a 3-D fully atomistic quantum-corrected Monte Carlo device simulator has been integrated and used in this work. The size-quantiza¬tion effect has been accounted for via a param¬eter-free effec¬tive potential scheme and benchmarked against the NEGF approach in the ballistic limit. To study the RDF effects and treat full Coulomb (electron-ion and electron-electron) interactions in the real-space and beyond the Poisson picture, the simulator implements a corrected-Coulomb electron dynamics (QC-ED) approach. The essential bandstructure and scattering parameters (energy bandgap, effective masses, and the density-of-states) have been computed using an atomistic 20-band nearest-neighbour sp3d5s* tight-binding scheme. First, an experimental device was simulated to evaluate the validity of the simulator. Because of the small dimension, quantum mechanical confinement was found to be the dominant mechanism that significantly degrades the current drive capability of nanoscale JLFETs. Surface roughness scattering is not as prominent as observed in conventional MOSFETs. Also, because of its small size, the performance of the device is prone to the effect of variability, for which a discrete doping model was proved essential. Finally, a new JLFET was designed and optimized in this work. The proposed device is based on a gate-all-around silicon nanowire. Source/drain length is 32.5 nm and channel length is 14 nm. Gate contact length is 9 nm. The EOT (equivalent oxide thickness) is 1 nm. It has a metal gate with a workfunction of 4.55 eV. The source, channel and drain regions are n-type with a doping density of 1.5×1019 cm-3. Detailed simulation shows that the two most influential mechanisms that degrade the drive capability are quantum mechanical confinement and Coulomb scattering. Surface roughness scattering is found to be very weak. In addition, thinner nanowire is more prone to Coulomb scattering exhibiting a reduced ON-current (ION). Simulation results show that silicon nanowires with a side length (width and depth) of 3 nm and a doping density of 1.5×1019 cm-3 produce satisfactory drive current.
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7

Chen, Hang. "Modulation Effects on Organic Electronics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7594.

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A high aspect ratio epoxy mask has been built with Taiyo PSR4000BN on chemical sensing array chip. Thickness up to 200 and #61549;m and aspect ratio up to 16:1 have been achieved with this material. It is demonstrated that this material satisfies the mechanical and chemical requirements. A three-electrode system has been designed and built for electrochemistry in micro-cell on chip. Tests with poly(phenylenesulfide-phenyleneamine) (PPSA) demonstrates that it is possible to precisely tune the properties (Work function and resistance) of conducting polymer that has been cast on chip surface. A new test platform GT03 has been fabricated and used to characterize the chemical effects on organic electronics. It is demonstrated that the chemical species in ambient environment can affect organic electronics properties on bulk, interface and electric contact. The contact resistance in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) has been characterized with modified interdigitated structure (IDS). It is demonstrated that drain and source contact resistances can be calculated separately with modified four-point-probe measurements, and contact resistance and material bulk resistance are actually modulated by the gate electric field. Furthermore, the influence from oxygen doping in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) based OFETs has been investigated. A new model of oxygen doping has been suggested and it is demonstrated that oxygen doping can affect all the resistance components in P3HT OFETs.
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8

Jaafar, A. Aziz. "Accounting harmonisation in Europe : country effects and sector effects." Thesis, Bangor University, 2004. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/accounting-harmonisation-in-europe--country-effects-and-sector-effects(1c582a11-9d1c-4ca1-9ffc-6240975802c6).html.

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In measuring harmonisation, prior research has focused almost exclusively on the country of domicile of the firm in quantifying differences in financial reporting practices. However, this approach offers little by way of explanation of the impact of the harmonisation process, particularly as different financial reporting treatments may be attributable to the specific characteristics of the firms that are selected for analysis. The main aim of the present study is to address this issue and to measure de facto accounting harmonisation by taking into account firms' operating circumstances. Specifically, it seeks to assess the combined effects of each firm's country of domicile and sector of operations on its choice of accounting methods, together with the firm's size and international exposure, and any changes in these factors through time. In addition, it assesses the impact of sector diversifications on accounting policy choice. This research sets out the results of a statistical analysis of financial reporting harmonisation, obtained by employing a logistic regression to predict the odds of using alternative accounting methods. The policies studied concern inventory, depreciation and goodwill. The empirical results suggest that country of domicile and sector of operations are each significant determinants of the choice of accounting method across the European Union. However, country differences still appear to be greater than sector differences, even allowing for differences between countries in industrial structure, which is inconsistent with harmonized accounting. In addition, international listing and firm size appear to be significant variables. Indeed, there has been little significant change in policy choices through time amongst European firms. This leads to the conclusion that, rather than a process of convergence, a combination of structural factors at the finn level that demand different accounting treatments and barriers to han-nonisation at the country level that restrict choice are the likely causes of persistent international differences in accounting. Prior research that attempts to measure harnionisation on the basis of convergence towards uniformity without allowing for the use of different accounting methods in different circumstances is entirely misinformed. Indeed, comparability between financial statements requires that the reported results reflect the different circumstances in which firms operate, and the harmonisation metric must take this into account.
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9

Clark, Brodie. "Side Effects May Depend on the Framing of a Warning: But Does this Framing Effect Depend on Absolute Risk?" Thesis, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28535.

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Side effect warnings contribute directly to the burden of side effects. This occurs via the nocebo effect whereby negative outcomes are shaped by features of the treatment context, beyond the direct actions of the active treatment. Some studies have found that positive framing of warnings – stating the proportion of people who will not experience the side effect – reduces side effects compared to the more common-place negative framing – stating the proportion who will experience the side effect. However, findings have been mixed. It appears that the absolute risk ascribed to the side effect may determine the effect of framing, however this has not been tested. The current study employed a 2x2+1 between-subjects design to test the impact of both absolute risk and framing of a warning – as well as the inclusion of any statistical warning at all - on side effects. This was done in a model of virtual reality (VR)-induced nausea, with 130 healthy volunteers. Expectancy, anxiety and attentional bias were also measured as they have been proposed as mechanisms of framing and nocebo effects, but scantly - or in the case of attentional bias, never – previously empirically investigated. In this study, VR-induced nausea was not affected by framing or absolute risk of the warning. However, nausea was greater for participants who received no statistical warning. Relative to other groups, these participants also showed elevated anxiety – although not expectancy or attentional bias. These findings indicate that future studies and clinical practices must consider the effects of general, non-statistical warnings on nocebo side effects as they are potentially even more deleterious than more extensive, statistical warnings. These findings are also the first outside of pain studies to support a role for anxiety in nocebo effects, thereby shaping current understanding and future investigations of the poorly understood mechanisms of nocebo effects.
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10

Yu, Caroline, and Ann-Mia Zhang. "The different viewing experiences between special and visual effects." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254786.

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Computer graphics field is rapidly growing and is widely used in many industries, especially in cinematics. The visual effects, which is a part of the field, have become more affordable in comparison to special effect. By using more visual effects, safety during the shooting increases and the use of resources decreases. However, the field is still young and there are a lot of flaws to consider when creating such an effect. It is important that CGI in movies are created in such a way that it does not disrupt the viewing experience unless it’s done on purpose. Therefore, CGI in a real-life setting should look real. To create CGI that is closer to reality, this study examines the differences between special effects and visual effects in the aspect of the viewing experience. To investigate this question, we conducted an experiment following a semi-structured interview. 13 students participated in this study where they had to watch video clips representing the special respective visual effect. During the experiment, they did a self- report by filling in a questionnaire. A Valence-Arousal model was used to examine the subject’s emotional reactions. The result suggests that there are no significant differences between the two effects in regard to an emotional reaction. However, it shows that the visual effect had flaws of being too plastic and too perfect which makes it less convincing compared to the special effects. In contrary, the special effects do not have the ability to be exaggerating, which in turn makes it more exciting to watch the visual effects. Although this study does not solve any flaws, it highlights those that need to be fixed for the goals of improving CGI.
Datorgrafik är ett ständigt växande ämne och tekniken kan appliceras så många olika sätt, speciellt inom film. Visuella effekter som är en del av ämnet som har blivit ett mer prisvärt alternativ i jämförelse till specialeffekter. Genom att använda mer visuella effekter, har säkerheten i filmandet ökat och användningen av resurser minskat. Men datagrafiksämnet är fortfarande relativt ny och det finns många brister att tänka på när det gäller att skapa en visuell effekt. Det är viktigt att CGI i filmer är skapad på sådant sätt att den inte stör tittarupplevelsen, såvida det inte är med mening. CGI i en verklighetstrogen miljö bör därför se verklighetstrogen ut. För att skapa CGI som är närmare verkligheten ska denna studien undersöka skillnaden mellan specialeffekter och visuella effekter baserad på tittarupplevelsen. För att undersöka denna fråga har vi utfört ett experiment med följd av en semi-strukturerad intervju. 13 studenter deltog denna studie där de har kollat på videoklipp med specialeffekter respektive visuella effekter. Under experimentet fick de fylla i en enkät där de utvärderar deras reaktion till klippen samt vad de tyckte om respektive klipp. En Valence-Arousal-modell användes för att undersöka deltagarnas emotionella reaktion. Resultatet visar att det inte är någon signifikant skillnad mellan de två effekterna när det gäller den emotionella reaktionen. Däremot indikerar att de visuella effekterna var för konstlad samt för perfekt i jämförelse till specialeffekter. Dessa nackdelar gjorde effekten mindre övertygande. Emellertid kan specialeffekterna inte överdrivas i samma skala som visuella effekter vilket gör den visuella effekten mer spännande. Denna studie löser inte de problem som visuella effekter har idag, men den tar fram problem som behöver fixas för att förbättra tekniken.
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11

Bascoul, Ganaël. "Effets masqués en analyse prédictive." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAB015.

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L’objectif de cette thèse consiste en l’élaboration de deux méthodologies visant à révéler des effets jusqu’alors masqués en modélisation décisionnelle. Dans la première partie, nous cherchons à mettre en œuvre une méthode d’analyse locale des critères de choix dans un contexte de choix binaires. Dans une seconde partie, nous mettons en avant les effets de génération dans l’étude des comportements de choix. Dans les deux parties, notre démarche de recherche combine de nouveaux outils d’analyse prédictive (Support Vector Machines, FANOVA, PLS) aux outils traditionnels de statistique inférentielle, afin d’enrichir les résultats habituels par des informations complémentaires sur les effets masqués que constituent les effets locaux dans les fonctions de choix binaires, et les effets de génération dans l’analyse temporelle des comportement de choix. Les méthodologies proposées, respectivement nommées AEL et APC-PLS, sont appliquées sur des cas réels, afin d’en illustrer le fonctionnement et la pertinence
The objective of this thesis is the development of two methodologies to reveal previously hidden effects in decision modeling. In the first part, we try to implement a method of local analysis in order to select criteria in the context of binary choices. In a second part, we highlight the effects of generations in the study of consumer behavior. In both parts, our research approach combines new predictive analytical tools (such as Support Vector Machines, FANOVA, PLS) to traditional tools of inferential statistics, to enrich the usual results by additional on the masked effects, which are the local effects in the binary choice functions, and the effects of generation in temporal choice behavior analysis.The proposed methodologies, respectively named AEL and APC- PLS are both applied to real cases in order to illustrate their operation and relevance
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12

Sutton, Akil K. "Displacement Damage and Ionization Effects in Advanced Silicon-Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7217.

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A summary of total dose effects observe in advanced Silicon Germanium (SiGe) Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBTs) is presented in this work. The principal driving froces behin the increased use of SiGe BiCMOS technology in space based electronics systems are outlined in the motivation Section of Chapter I. This is followed by a discussion of the strained layer Si/SiGe material structure and relevant fabrication techniques used in the development of the first generation of this technology. A comprehensive description of the device performance is presented. Chapter II presents an overview of radiation physics as it applies to microelectronic devices. Several sources of radiation are discussed including the environments encountered by satellites in different orbital paths around the earth. The particle types, interaction mechanisms and damage nomenclature are described. Proton irradiation experiments to analyze worst case displacement and ionization damage are examined in chapter III. A description of the test conditions is first presented, followed by the experimental results on the observed dc and ac transistor performance metrics with incident radiation. The impact of the collector doping level on the degradation is discussed. In a similar fashion, gamma irradiation experiments to focus on ionization only effects are presented in chapter IV. The experimental design and dc results are first presented, followed by a comparison of degradation under proton irradiation. Additional proton dose rate experiments conducted to further investigate observed differences between proton and gamma results are presented.
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13

Ryu, Jae Hyung. "Reality & effect a cultural history of visual effects /." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03292007-172937/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.
Title from file title page. Ted Friedman, committee chair; Kathy Fuller-Seeley, Angelo Restivo, Jung-Bong Choi, Alisa Perren, committee members. Electronic text (249 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Oct. 29, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 236-249).
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Ryu, Jae Hyung. "Reality & Effect: A Cultural History of Visual Effects." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/communication_diss/13.

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The purpose of this dissertation is to chart how the development of visual effects has changed popular cinema¡¯s vision of the real, producing the powerful reality effect. My investigation of the history of visual effects studies not only the industrial and economic context of visual effects, but also the aesthetic characteristics of the reality effect. In terms of methodology, this study employs a theoretical discourse which compares the parallels between visual effects and the discourse of modernity/postmodernity, utilizing close textual analysis to understand the symptomatic meanings of key texts. The transition in the techniques and meanings of creating visual effects reflects the cultural transformation from modernism to postmodernism. Visual effects have developed by adapting to the structural transformation of production systems and with the advance of technology. The studio system strongly controlled the classical Hollywood cinema by means of the modern economic production system of Fordism. Breakdown of Hollywood classicism as a production system gave rise to the creation of digital effects with the rise of the concept of the blockbuster and with the development of computer technologies. I argue that the characteristic feature of time-space compression, occurring in the process of the transition from Fordism to flexible accumulation, clearly reflects that of compression of multi-layered time and space, generated in the development process from analog visual effects, such as trick, rear and front projection, to the digital effects, such as rotoscoping and CGI animation. While the aesthetics of analog visual effects, without computing, can be compared to a Fordist production system, digital effects, which hugely rely on CGI manipulation, are examples of flexible accumulation. As a case study of the local resistance or alternative of Hollywood today, I examine the effects-oriented Korean nationalist blockbuster. The Korean nationalist blockbuster films have sought large-scale filmmaking and presentation of spectacular scenes, including heavy dependence on the use of special effects, which is frequently considered a Hollywood style. This paradoxical combination of peculiar Korean subjects and Hollywood style can be viewed as a form of cultural jujitsu, taking advantage of the force of the dominant culture in order to resist and subvert it.
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Nasrallah, Iyad. "Investigating charge trapping effects in organic field-effect transistors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709425.

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16

Perrier, Jean-Philippe. "Epigénétique de la semence bovine : analyse moléculaire de la qualité de la semence et impact potentiel sur le développement embryonnaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA037/document.

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La présence de taureaux sub-fertiles sur le marché de l’Insémination Animale (IA) influence négativement l’efficacité des élevages. L’évaluation de la fertilité des taureaux, basée sur l’analyse combinée de marqueurs génétiques, morphologiques, cinétiques et métaboliques de la semence, n’est pas suffisante pour identifier les taureaux sub-fertiles avant leur entrée en production. Cela suggère l’implication d’autres facteurs, notamment d’origines épigénétiques. Parmi les marques épigénétiques, la méthylation de l’ADN tient une place essentielle : son remaniement est en effet indispensable aux processus fondamentaux que sont la différenciation des cellules germinales, la spermatogénèse et le développement embryonnaire précoce. Alors que chez l’Homme, de nombreuses études ont montré que des altérations des profils de méthylation spermatiques sont associées à la sub-fertilité, très peu de données existent chez le bovin. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est la caractérisation du méthylome de la semence bovine et l’identification de nouveaux marqueurs fiables de la fertilité mâle à un stade précoce. Cette étude s’inscrit dans un large projet intitulé SeQuaMol (pour « Qualité Moléculaire de la Semence »), mis en place au sein d’un laboratoire commun entre l’INRA et la fédération ALLICE. La caractérisation du méthylome spermatique bovin a été réalisée en utilisant une approche multi-échelle (globale, pangénomique et séquence-spécifique). Les analyses ont permis de révéler l’hypométhylation très marquée du spermatozoïde bovin. L’hypométhylation affecte des gènes importants pour la différenciation de la lignée germinale, les fonctions spermatiques, ainsi que des séquences satellites. L’identification de biomarqueurs de la fertilité a été réalisée en utilisant une approche pangénomique (Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing, RRBS). L’analyse a été effectuée sur une cohorte de 94 taureaux, dont les individus de races Holstein et Montbéliard ont été catégorisés en fonction de l’adéquation entre un indicateur génétique de la fertilité et leur fertilité réelle. Le dispositif inclus également des taureaux de 4 autres races pour obtenir une estimation de la variabilité épigénétique liée à la race. Cette analyse a nécessité l’optimisation et l’automatisation du protocole pour la préparation des banques RRBS à haut-débit, ainsi que la mise au point de l’ensemble de la procédure de traitement bio-informatique et statistique des données. Plusieurs milliers de biomarqueurs de la fertilité ont été identifiés et permettent de prédire de façon robuste le statut de fertilité. De plus, une démarche d’intégration des données de génotype et d’épigénotype a été amorcée, soulignant les interactions potentielles en ces strates d’informations. Enfin, nous avons mis en évidence l’influence de l’âge à la production de semence sur le méthylome. L’ensemble de ces données souligne que les modifications du méthylome spermatique peuvent affecter des gènes impliqués dans les processus précoces et plus tardifs du développement, ainsi que quelques voies du fonctionnement du spermatozoïde. L’ensemble des biomarqueurs identifiés serviront de base à la poursuite du projet SeQuaMol, dont l’aboutissement sera le développement d’outils technologiques et statistiques pouvant être utilisés en routine pour améliorer la prédiction de la fertilité mâle
The presence of subfertile bulls in the market of Animal Insemination negatively influences the efficacy of breeding farms. The evaluation of bull fertility, based on the combined analysis of genetic, morphological, kinetic and metabolic markers of the semen, is not sufficient to identify subfertile bulls before entering semen production. It suggests the implication of other factors, especially epigenetic ones. Within the epigenetic markers, DNA methylation holds a crucial position: indeed, its reprogramming is indispensable to the fundamental processes that are germinal cell differentiation, spermatogenesis and the embryonic development. Whereas several studies have showed that the alteration of spermatic methylation profiles are associated with subfertility in humans, only a little data exists concerning bovines. The aim of this thesis is the characterization of the methylome of bovine semen and the identification of new reliable markers of male fertility at an early stage. This study is part of a larger project called SeQuaMol (Molecular Quality of Semen) which rely on a common laboratory between INRA and the ALLICE federation. The characterization of the bovine sperm methylome was achieved by using a multiscale approach (global, pangenomic and sequencespecific). The analyses made it possible to observe the hypomethylation of the bovine semen. Hypomethylation affects genes that are crucial for the differentiation of the germline, spermatic functions, and also on satellite sequences.The identification fertility biomarkers was carried out by using a pangenomic approach (Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing, RRBS). The analysis has been performed on a cohort of 94 bulls, including subjects of the Holstein race and Montbeliard race, categorized according to the adequacy between a genetic indicator of fertility and their actual fertility. The process also includes bulls from 4 other breeds in order to obtain an estimate of the genetic variability linked to the breed. This analysis has required the optimization and the automation of the protocol for the high throughput preparation of RRBS libraries, as well as the development of the whole bioinformatic pipeline and data statistics. Several thousands of biomarkers of fertility have been identified, which allow to predict in a robust way the fertility status. Furthermore, a process of integration of genotype and epigenotype data has been started, which underlines the potential interaction between these levels of information. Finally, we have highlighted the influence of the age of semen production on the methylome. Altogether, theses data suggest that modifications of the semen methylome can affect genes that are involved in the process of early and late embryo development, and parts of the functioning of the sperm cell. The biomarkers identified will form a basis for the pursuit of the SeQuaMol project, of which the completion will be the development of technological and statistical tools that may be used routinely to improve male’s fertility prediction
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17

Wang, Zhihong. "Kinetic isotope effects, dynamic effects, and mechanistic studies of organic reactions." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4886.

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Several organic reactions that could potentially involve coarctate transition states were investigated by a combination of experimental and theoretical studies. In the thermal fragmentation of ∆-1,3,4-oxadiazolines, the mechanism supported by kinetic isotope effects and theoretical calculations is a three-step process that does not demonstrate any special stabilization in coarctate transition states. Rather than undergoing a direct coarctate conversion to product, the mechanism avoids coarctate steps. The last step is a concerted coarctate reaction, but being concerted may be viewed as being enforced by the necessity to avoid high-energy intermediates. In the deoxygenation of epoxides with dichlorocarbene, the stabilization from the transition state aromaticity is not great enough to compete with the preference for asynchronous bonding changes. KIEs and calculations suggested that the reaction occurs in a concerted manner but with a highly asynchronous early transition state with much more Cα-O bond breaking than Cβ-O bond breaking. In the Shi epoxidation, a large β-olefinic 13C isotope effect and small α-carbon isotope effect indicated an asynchronous transition state with more advanced formation of the C-O bond to the β-olefinic carbon. The calculated lowest-energy transition structures are generally those in which the differential formation of the incipient C-O bonds, the "asynchronicity," resembles that of an unhindered model, and the imposition of greater or less asynchronicity leads to higher barriers. In reactions of cis-disubstituted and terminal alkenes using Shi's oxazolidinone catalyst, the asynchronicity of the epoxidation transition state leads to increased steric interaction with the oxazolidinone when a π-conjugating substituent is distal to the oxazolidinone but decreased steric interaction when the π-conjugating substituent is proximal to the oxazolidinone. Dynamic effects were studied in Diels-Alder reaction between acrolein and methyl vinyl ketone. This reaction yields two products in a ratio of 3.0 ± 0.5. Theoretical studies shows that only one transition structure is involved in the formation of both. Quasiclassical trajectory calculations on an MP2 surface give a prediction of a product ratio of 45:14 (3.2:1), which is in good agreement with the experimental observation.
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18

Chu, Yu-Hsuan. "Custom Fluorophores for Investigating the Cellular Uptake Mechanisms and Side-Effects of Pharmaceuticals." PDXScholar, 2015. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2343.

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There is a significant current need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the side-effects caused by widely-used pharmaceuticals. Examples include the acute nephrotoxicity and irreversible ototoxicity promoted by the cationic drugs gentamicin and cisplatin. Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used for the prevention and treatment of life-threatening gram-negative bacterial infections, such as tuberculosis and meningitis. Cisplatin is used to treat a broad spectrum of cancers including head and neck, ovarian, cervical, stomach, bladder, sarcoma, lymphoma, testicular cancer and others. The objective of this study is to design and synthesize rhodamine derivatives that can be used for the construction of geometrically well-defined cationic drug conjugates. The long-term goal is to use the conjugates as tools to aid in elucidating the properties and identities of ion channels involved in the uptake of cationic pharmaceuticals into kidney and cochlear hair cells. This will shed light on the origin and potential prevention of unwanted side effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity associated with specific cationic drugs. A series of extended rhodamine analogs with reactive groups for biomolecule conjugation has been synthesized. These fluorophores show similar spectral properties to their prototype, Texas Red succinimidyl ester (TR-SE). However, they contain rigid linkers between the fluorophore and amine-reactive moiety. The resultant gentamicin conjugates of these materials are rigidified enabling one to assess channel pore dimensions without the confounding issue of conjugate folding. Preliminary cell studies are promising, as one observes reduced gentamicin uptake in both kidney and sensory hair cell upon systematically increasing the dimension of the fluorophore. This work has enabled us to tentatively assign the maximum dilated MET channel pore size as between 1.44 nm to 1.56 nm. However, this preliminary finding, though encouraging, needs further validation via ongoing studies with larger diameter fluorophore conjugates, A cisplatin-Texas Red conjugate has also been synthesized to enable studies of cellular uptake mechanisms. This conjugate preserves not only the spectral properties of Texas Red after conjugation, but also the cytotoxicity of cisplatin. This has been validated in zebrafish. The series of rhodamine probes that have been conjugated to gentamicin should be similarly useful for cisplatin studies. These studies are planned. Additional future work includes the synthesis of semi-flexible (glycol) and flexible (alkyl) linkers to evaluate structure-activity relationships.
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19

Rahimov, Vugar. "Sectoral Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Host Country Economic Growth: Evidence from Emerging Countries." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-207410.

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In this paper, I study the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on a group of host country economic growth for the period 1994-2011. Using aggregate level FDI data for a group of five emerging countries, the paper reveals that FDI has a positive effect on economic growth. Then I use sectoral data and test whether all the sectors have positive effects on growth. The results vary across the sectors. The results seem to be positive for mining and quarrying as well as manufacturing sector, while trade and financial intermediation sectors to have a negative effect on economic growth.
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20

Nachawaty, Abir. "Propriétés électroniques du graphène épitaxié proche de point de neutralité de charge." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS095/document.

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Des mesures de magnétorésistances locales et non locales dans des monocouches de graphène obtenues par sublimation sur la face silicium du carbure de silicium (SiC) sont présentées dans cette thèse. L’objectif est d’étudier les phénomènes physiques qui apparaissent proche de point de neutralité de charge (dopage faible en trous) dans ces monocouches. Or, celles-ci sont généralement fortement dopées en électrons à cause de l’interaction avec la couche d’interface et le substrat. Des dispositifs en forme de barre de Hall encapsulés par une résine sont utilisés. Le contrôle du niveau de Fermi dans ces dispositifs est réalisé en utilisant la méthode de décharge corona. L’amplitude du désordre est évaluée dans ces monocouches de graphène en : (i) ajustant la courbe de résistivité en fonction du coefficient de Hall obtenue à température ambiante ; (ii) ajustant les courbes de dépendance en température de la densité de Hall pour les échantillons proche de point de neutralité de charge. Toutes ces analyses donnent une amplitude du désordre de l’ordre de (20 ±10) meV. Les échantillons préparés avec un faible dopage en trous sont ensuite étudiés en régime d'effet Hall quantique. Les mesures de magnétorésistances montrent que la résistance de Hall présente un comportement ambipolaire en fonction du champ magnétique. Ce comportement coïncide avec l’apparition d’un maximum local dans la résistance longitudinale. Ces résultats sont expliqués via un modèle de transfert de charge entre régions de différents dopages dans le graphène. Néanmoins, l’origine microscopique de ces régions est mal connue. Finalement, des mesures non locales sont effectuées sur ces mêmes échantillons et montrent l’apparition des résistances non locales importantes dont la valeur peut, dans certains cas, dépasser les résistances longitudinales correspondantes. L'analyse de ces résultats montre que la contribution du courant de spin et des effets thermiques dans l’apparition de ces tensions non locales est négligeable. Cependant, les données expérimentales sont raisonnablement reproduites par un modèle de conduction basé sur des états de bord rétrodiffusés par le "bulk" isolant
Local and nonlocal magnetoresistances measurements on monolayer graphene grown on the silicon face of silicon carbide (SiC) are reported. The purpose of this work is to understand the physical phenomena appearing close to the charge neutrality point in these monolayers. The first issue to overcome was that graphene is generally strongly doped with electrons due to the interaction with the substrate. The control of the Fermi level has been realised using the corona discharge method. The disorder amplitude has been evaluated in these structures by : (i) fitting the resistivity dependence curve of the Hall coefficient obtained at room temperature; (ii) fitting the temperature dependence of the Hall density for samples that were prepared near the charge neutrality point. All these analyses gave a disorder strength equal to (20 ± 10) meV. It is then shown that for samples with low hole doping, the Hall resistance exhibits an ambipolar behavior as a function of the magnetic field. This behavior is accompanied by the appearance of a local maximum in the longitudinal resistance.This behavior is been explained by a charge transfer model between regions of different doping in graphene. Nevertheless, the microscopic origin of these regions is poorly known. Finally, nonlocal measurements carried out on these samples showed the appearance of important nonlocal resistances which in some cases exceed the corresponding longitudinal resistances. The analysis of these results shows that the contribution of spin current and thermal effects on the occurrence of these nonlocal voltages is neglegible. In contrast, the experimental data are reproduced quite well by a model based on counter-propagating edge states backscattered by the bulk
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21

Shrader, Melissa. "PERCEIVED INFLUENCE OF THE PORTRAYAL OF WOMEN IN BEAUTY AND FASHION MAGAZINES ON BODY IMAGE." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4156.

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This investigation examines how women perceive that magazines influence the body image of self and others. Seventeen audio-taped in-depth interviews were conducted with college women who read beauty, fashion, and grooming magazines frequently. These interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed and the data developed into topics of importance. The findings indicated that informants perceived other women were influenced more by images of women in the media than they themselves were influenced. However, informants did not advocate behavior changes for others or hold pro-censorship attitudes. Other findings include favorable perceptions of magazines utilizing larger sized fashion models, negative attitudes towards advertising, and a reverse third-person effect when the 'other' is male. These findings are consistent with existing research on the third-person effect.
M.A.
Nicholson School of Communication
Sciences
Communication MA
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22

Blennow, Mattias. "Matter and damping effects in neutrino mixing and oscillations." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301.

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23

Karkaba, Alaa. "Effets neurotoxiques et multigénérationnels d’une exposition périnatale aux faibles doses de polychlorobiphényles non-dioxin-like indicateurs (PCB-NDLi) dans un modèle murin." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0295/document.

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Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons évalué les effets neurotoxiques multigénérationnels de l’exposition des mères F0 gestantes et allaitantes aux polychlorobiphényles non-dioxin-like indicateurs (PCB-NDLi), à un profil mimant l'exposition humaine à partir de poissons contaminés, sur le développement et le comportement, y compris les réponses émotionnelles et les interactions sociales, des deux générations F1 et F2 des souris mâles et femelles, à différentes phases de leur ontogenèse. Deux faibles doses des PCB-NDLi : (i) la DJT, qui est de 10 ng/kg/j, et (ii) une dose environnementale de 1000 ng/kg/j, ont été administrés par accès libre aux souris mères F0. En fonction de la modalité d’exposition des parents F1 aux PCB, 4 groupes de génération F2 ont été obtenus, en croisant (i) des pères F1 exposés à des mères F1 non exposées, (ii) des mères F1 exposées à des pères F1 non exposés, (iii) des deux parents F1 exposés, ou (iv) des deux parents F1 non exposés (témoins), aux PCB en période périnatale. Nos résultats ont montré que les mâles adultes de la génération F1 ont manifesté un comportement dépressif-like ; alors que les mâles F2, issus uniquement des pères F1 exposés aux PCB, ont exhibé un comportement anti-dépressif-like, ce que suggère que l’exposition périnatale des souris F1 aux PCB-NDLi a induit une altération multigénérationnelle d’origine parentale du comportement de la résignation, et ce d’une façon sexe dépendante. De même, une altération sexe-dépendante de l’anxiété, a été détectée chez la génération F1 exposées durant la période périnatale aux PCB-NDLi comme uniquement les souris mâles d’âge moyen F1 ont développé un phénotype anxieux qui a été transmis aux souris mâles d’âge moyen F2, via leurs pères F1. En outre, une altération multigénérationnelle du comportement social a été détectée chez les souris mâles et femelles F1 et F2. D’une façon remarquable, chez la génération F2, des altérations comportementales dépendantes à la fois du sexe et de la dose, ont été trouvées, malgré l’absence d’effets chez leurs parents F1, effets qui dépendaient également de l’origine parentale, tels que la diminution significative du niveau de la préférence pour la nouveauté sociale chez les souris mâles F2, issues uniquement des mères F1 périnatallement exposées à la dose 10 ng/kg de PCB. Le dosage des biomarqueurs chez les souris d’âge moyen de la génération F1 a révélé une altération de nombreux paramètres biochimiques, y compris une augmentation du niveau de corticostérone et de l’activité de l’acétylcholinestérase
In this study, we evaluated the multigenerational neurotoxic effects of gestational and lactational exposure of F0 female mice to a representative mixture of the six indicator non-dioxin-like-polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) at environmentally low doses, a profile that closely mimics human exposure to contaminated fish. The tolerable day intake (TDI) of 10 ng/kg/day and a higher environmental dose of 1000 ng/kg/day were administered by free access to F0 mothers during pregnancy and lactation. Afterwards, the development and behavior, including emotional responses and social interactions, of the two F1 and F2 generations of Swiss male and female mice at different phases of their ontogenesis, were assessed. Depending on the mode of exposure of F1 parents to PCBs, four F2 generation groups were obtained by crossing (i) F1 fathers perinatally exposed with unexposed F1 mothers, (ii) F1 mothers perinatally exposed with unexposed F1 fathers, (iii) both F1 parents perinatally exposed, or (iv) both F1 parents perinatally unexposed (controls), to PCBs. Our results showed that F1 adult males showed depressive-like behavior whereas F2 adult males, coming from F1 mothers, perinatally exposed to PCBs, exhibited anti-depressive-like behavior. This result suggested an induction of a multigenerational alteration that was of parental origin, on the resignation behavior in a sex-dependent manner. Similarly, sex-selective anxious behavior was detected in F1 middle-aged males perinatally exposed to PCBs, which was transmissible to F2 middle-aged males, via their F1 fathers. Furthermore, a multigenerational alteration of social behavior was found in F1 and F2 male and female mice. Remarkably, some behavioral alterations in F2 generation were found, despite of the absence of effects in their F1 parents, such as a significant decrease in the level of preference for social novelty in F2 male mice, coming from F1 mothers perinataly exposed to 10 ng/kg of NDL-PCBs. The biomarker assays in F1 middle-aged mice revealed an alteration in many biochemical markers, including increased corticosterone levels and acetylcholinesterase activity in male as well as females
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24

MacPhail, Susan Helen. "Effect of intercellular contact on radiation-induced DNA damage." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27986.

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Chinese hamster V79-171B cells grown for about 24 hours in suspension culture display increased resistance to cell killing by ionizing radiation compared with cells grown as monolayers, an observation originally termed the "contact effect". More recently, development of that resistance was shown to be accompanied by changes in the conformation of the DNA which reduce its denaturation rate in high salt/weak alkali. These changes in DNA conformation, mediated by the cellular micro-environment, appear to be responsible for the contact effect. The conditions necessary for the development of the effect are not, however, completely understood. In particular, when cells grown as monolayers on petri plates are suspended in spinner culture flasks, their growth characteristics change in three distinct ways. First, cells in suspension no longer have a solid substrate, so they remain round. Second, after several hours, they begin to aggregate to form "spheroids", so that three-dimensional intercellular cell contact develops. Third, cells in the stirred suspension cultures are not subjected to high local concentrations of metabolic by-products or surrounded by a zone depleted of nutrients, as are cells in monolayer culture. The studies described here were designed to determine how each of these factors influence changes in DNA conformation, as assayed using the alkali unwinding technique. Our results indicated that a round shape may not be an essential requirement, since cells spread out on the surface of cytodex beads in suspension culture, and sparsely-seeded cells in monolayer culture demonstrated at least a partial contact effect. Three-dimensional intercellular contact does not always seem necessary for the development of the contact effect. Cells grown in a methyl cellulose matrix developed radioresistance, even though the cells formed only small clusters of less than five cells. Similarly, suspension culture cells which were prevented from aggregating by frequent exposure to trypsin, also developed the contact effect. There was no evidence that nutrient depletion plays a role in the failure of cells grown as monolayers to develop a contact effect. However, cells grown as spheroids in the presence of monolayer cells, or in monolayer cell-conditioned medium, did not display a full contact effect. This indicates a role for monolayer cell-produced factors (possibly extracellular matrix proteins) in preventing the development of the contact effect. We conclude that changes in DNA conformation and the increase in radiation resistance, seen in V79-171b cells grown as spheroids, are not the result of intercellular contact or round shape of the cells. This radioresistance appears to be the result of an absence of monolayer cell-produced factors which could control both cell shape and DNA conformation.
Medicine, Faculty of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of
Graduate
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25

Sechoaro, Ernest Joshua. "The effects of rehabilitation on intellectually disabled people: a systematic review / Sechoaro E.J." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7563.

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Background: Rehabilitation has emerged as a comprehensive approach with a combination of treatment modalities to address the multiple impediments associated with disabilities in intellectually disabled people. Rehabilitation is used to address intellectually disabled peoples’ skill deficits, to improve competencies and to facilitate optimal functioning within the goal of giving the greatest possible measure of social and economic participation, independence, self–reliance and self–determination to intellectually disabled people. The ongoing improvement of rehabilitation services in the public health system therefore remains a continuous challenge; hence the need for further research. Objective: The systematic literature review critically synthesizes and describes the available evidence of the effects of rehabilitation on intellectually disabled people. Method: Literature searches of different electronic databases as well as manual searches of references of primary studies were conducted using selected keywords. The total number of the studies identified from an electronic database search was 1 102. All titles and abstracts were screened for relevance and 40 studies were immediately excluded. From the remaining 1 062 studies, another 993 studies were excluded because they were not relevant to the rehabilitation of intellectually disabled people. The abstracts and titles of the remaining 69 studies were screened for a second time to exclude studies not relevant to actual rehabilitation of intellectually disabled people. Another two studies were excluded as duplicates. The remaining 67 studies were retrieved as full texts; of these, 40 studies were excluded due to them being written in a foreign language. After all abstracts and texts were thoroughly screened for true relevancy to the review question, a further 20 studies were excluded. The remaining seven full–text studies were selected for critical appraisal because they were relevant to the effects of rehabilitation on intellectually disabled people. Results: These identified studies have the potential to inform clinical practice on the basis of their evidenced interventions that resulted in the improvement of outcomes of rehabilitation of intellectually disabled people. Improvement of skills was noted for mildly and moderately intellectually disabled people. Improvement was noted in activities of daily living (ADL), self–care skills, communication skills and cognitive achievements. Conclusions: The study contributes to the comprehensive nursing care of intellectually disabled people by endorsement of the effectiveness of rehabilitation in terms of ADL, self–care skills, communication skills and cognitive achievements. The collected evidence of this study may contribute to the education of more effective nurse practitioners involved in the daily care and rehabilitation of intellectually disabled people.
Thesis (M.Cur.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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26

Raine, Mélanie. "Etude de l' effet de l'énergie des ions lourds sur la sensibilité des composants électroniques." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112168/document.

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Ce mémoire de thèse traite de l’étude de la sensibilité des composants électroniques avancés en milieu radiatif. Le travail porte sur la modélisation détaillée du dépôt d’énergie induit par un ion lourd dans la matière, et sur l’influence de la prise en compte de cette trace d’ion dans les outils de simulation de la réponse de composants irradiés. Dans ce but, nous avons développé une chaîne de simulation, combinant différents codes de calcul à des échelles variées. Dans une première étape, le code d’interactions particule-matière Geant4 est ainsi utilisé pour modéliser la trace d’ion. Ces traces sont ensuite implémentées dans un code de simulation TCAD, afin d’étudier la réponse de transistors élémentaires à ces dépôts d’énergies détaillés. Cette étape est complétée par des mesures expérimentales. Enfin, l’étude est étendue au niveau circuit, en interfaçant les traces d’ions avec un outil de prédiction des SEE. Ces différentes étapes mettent en évidence la nécessité de prendre en compte la dimension radiale de la trace d’ion à tous les niveaux de simulation, pour modéliser de façon adéquate la réponse de composants avancés sous irradiation par des ions lourds
This thesis studies the sensitivity of advanced electronic devices in radiative environments. The work deals with the detailed modeling of the deposited energy induced by heavy-ion in matter, and the influence of taking it into account in the tools simulating the response of irradiated devices. To do so, a simulation chain was developed, combining different calculation codes at various scales. In a first step, the particle-matter interaction code Geant4 is used to model the heavy ion track. These tracks are then implemented in a TCAD simulator, in order to study the response of elementary transistors to these detailed energy deposits. This step is completed with experimental measurements. Finally, the study is extended to the circuit level, by interfacing the heavy ion tracks with a SEE prediction tool. These different steps evidence the need for taking into account the radial extension of the ion track to all simulation levels, to adequately model the response of advanced devices under heavy ion irradiations
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27

Kelly, Vincent. "β–alanine: performance effects, usage and side effects." Thesis, University of Queensland, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/180848/1/43068631.pdf.

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β-alanine is a relatively new ergogenic aid and a number of questions relating to its effectiveness in enhancing high intensity exercise performance remain to be addressed. The five studies described in this thesis examined the influence of β-alanine supplementation and high intensity training on exercise capacity and considered factors that potentiallyinfluence dosage compliance and side effects – factors that may impact on the ergogenic value of β-alanine supplementation.Study 1 examined the efficacy of β-alanine supplementation in conjunction with repeated sprint and sprint interval training (and combined with a pre-exercise dose of sodium bicarbonate), on repeated-sprint ability and high intensity cycling capacity (time to fatigue at 110% of maximum power output). β-alaninesupplementation, when combined with sprint and interval training, improved repeated sprint ability but did not influence high intensity cycle capacity. Furthermore, acute sodium bicarbonate ingestion improved high intensity cycle capacity before training but had no influence on either repeated sprint ability or exercise capacity after training. It is likely that intramuscular buffer capacity increased as a result of training and that this may have outweighed the potential ergogenic buffering effects of β-alanine and sodium bicarbonate(i.e., both alone and in combination). Study 2 investigatedβ-alanine supplementation use and level of knowledge amongstprofessional rugby union (n = 87), rugby league (n = 180) and Australian Rules Football (n = 303) players. Over half the professional footballers surveyed used β-alanine, yet mostsupplemented in a manner inconsistent with recommendations. A better understanding of the environment and culture within professional football codes is required before supplement use aligns with evidence-based β-alanine supplementation recommendations. In light of these findings, Study 3 examined compliance levels to β-alanine supplementation in an applied setting. Compliance over a 28 day period was 59% (± 24%) which was significantly lower than the mean compliance rate reported by others (96%) (p < 0.0001). It was concluded that the determinants of β-alanine (non-) compliance in athletes needed to be further investigated.Study 4examined potential relationships between different β-alanine dosages and side effects. Healthy male participants were divided into low (< 75 kg) and high (> 85kg) body mass groups and completed three supplementation treatments: 1. a placebo, 2. β-alanine as a relative dose of 0.02 g·kgBM-1 and 3. β-alanine as an absolute dose of 1.6 g. For 90 min following supplementation in each condition, participants completed a questionnaire that sought responses to side effects. It was found that lighter individuals experienced fewer side effects when they supplemented with β-alanine as a dose relative to body mass; heavier individuals experienced fewer side effects when they consumed an absolute dose of 1.6 g. It was concluded that individualising the supplementation of β-alanine is likely to reduce side effects and in turn improve compliance. Finally, Study 5assessed whether the paraesthesia experienced following acute β-alanine supplementation was related to high intensity exercise performance. There was no relationship between the level of paraesthesia experienced by participants and exercise capacity. However, individual differences in side effects were found after repeated doses of β-alanine and some participants experienced side effects after consuming the slow release β-alanine formula. The findings of Study 5 highlight the need to further understand the underlying mechanismof side effects and impress the need to monitor and report side effects in future studies – particularly in β-alanine supplementation studies where participant blinding is required. Collectively, the studies described in the present thesis extend knowledge relating to β-alanine supplementation; specifically how supplementation practices can be individualised to improve compliance by practitioners and sport scientists in applied settings.
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Genevrier, Kévin. "Sources laser de forte énergie à base d'YbCaF2." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLO006/document.

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Ce travail de thèse a pour but le développement d'une source de pompe pour l'OPCPA nanoseconde qui sera inclus au sein du laser 10 PW Apollon.Dans un premier temps nous présentons les spécificités des systèmes multi-pétawatts et l'intérêt de l'amplification OPCPA pour ce type de systèmes. Le choix du matériau amplificateur Yb:CaF2 pour le développement de la source de pompe OPCPA est alors justifié après exposition de ses caractéristiques. Nous concluons enfin le premier chapitre par le design préliminaire de la source de pompe, design adapté aux spécificités du cristal Yb:CaF2.Dans le deuxième chapitre nous commençons par étudier les effets de lentilles thermiques et de dépolarisation du milieu amplificateur sous forte puissance de pompe et en fonction de la polarisation ou de l'orientation cristalline. Cela permet de valider le choix de l'orientation [111] du cristal amplificateur pour les systèmes de forte puissance. Dans un second temps nous nous attardons sur les céramiques Yb:CaF2 car leur isotropie mécanique présente a priori un intérêt pour les systèmes de forte puissance. Nous étudions les céramiques fabriquées par voie humide et mettons en évidence un fort échauffement limitant leur utilisation. Plusieurs hypothèses quant à cet effet sont alors discutées.Dans le dernier chapitre, nous complétons le design de la pompe par des simulations d'absorption, de gain et d'extraction d'énergie. Nous exposons enfin les résultats expérimentaux obtenus en amplification pour les architectures régénérative et multipassage géométrique, utilisant des cristaux Yb:CaF2 en configuration miroir actif
This PHD work is aiming at the development of a pump source for the nanosecond OPCPA of the 10 PW laser Apollon.First, we present the characteristics of the multipetawatt systems and the interest of OPCPA architecture for this type of systems. After detailing its characteristics, we then justify the choice of Yb:CaF2 as active media for the development of the nanosecond OPCPA pump source. We finally end the first chapter by the preliminary design of the pump source which is adapted to the specificities of the Yb:CaF2 crystal.The second chapter begins by the study of thermal lenses and thermal induced depolarization under high-power pumping in function of polarization or crystal orientation. The results allow us to validate the choice of [111] orientation for active media in the frame of high power laser systems. We then focus on ceramics because their mechanical isotropy appears to be interesting for high power systems. We study the ceramics made by wet route synthesis and highlight a strong heating, restricting their utilization. Several hypothesis are then investigated to explain this effect.In the last chapter we finished the design of the pump source with simulations of absorption, gain and energy extraction. We finally detailed the experimental results for two different architectures (regenerative and multipass), using Yb:CaF2 crystals in active mirror configuration
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Lalucaa, Valérian. "Etude des effets singuliers produits par les particules énergétiques chargées de l’environnement radiatif spatial sur les capteurs d’images CMOS." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0042/document.

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Ce mémoire de thèse traite des effets singuliers produits par les milieux radiatifs sur les capteurs d’images CMOS. Le travail se concentre sur les effets provoqués par les ions lourds sur les capteurs utilisant des pixels 3T à photodiode standard et des pixels 4T et 5T à photodiodes pincées. Dans un premier temps, l’étude se concentre sur l’environnement spatial et l’architecture des capteurs. La comparaison avec la littérature met en évidence les effets les plus critiques sur les capteurs : le SEL et les SET. Les capteurs testés expérimentalement valident les travaux théoriques. Les SET sont comparés aux simulations de l’outil de modélisation STARDUST, et montrent un bon accord pour toutes les puces et les ions. Il est expliqué pourquoi les SET sur les puces 3T sont insensibles aux variations de conception de la photodiode, et pourquoi l’utilisation d’un substrat épitaxié diminue grandement les SET. Une méthode de réduction des SET est implémentée avec succès sur les puces 4T et 5T, et le composant responsable du latchup est identifié. L’ensemble des mécanismes explorés permet de connaitre les paramètres importants pour durcir les imageurs
This thesis studies the single event effects of space environment in CMOS image sensors (CIS). This work focuses on the effects of heavy ions on 3T standard photodiode pixels, and 4T and 5T pinned photodiode pixels. The first part describes the space radioactive environment and the sensor architecture. The most harmful events (SEL and SETs) are identified thanks to the scientific literature. The experimentally tested sensors agree with the theoretical work. SETs are compared to STARDUST simulations with a good agreement for all ions and sensors. The work explains why the SETs on 3T pixels are insensitive to the various photodiode designs, and they are decreased when an epitaxial substrate is used. A method using anti-blooming was successfully used in 4T and 5T pixels to prevent the spread of the SETs. The mechanism of latchup in 4T pixel sensors is described. All the identified mechanisms are very useful to provide hardening methods for the CISs
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30

Leber, Kyle W. "PARK EFFECTS." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1149720032.

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Garnier, Pierre. "Etude des propriétés viscoélastiques d'un nitrile chargé sous sollicitations cycliques : application à la prédiction de la durée de vie des pompes à rotor excentré." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF22274.

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L’étude de la durabilité des élastomères des stators des pompes Moineau a été menée en utilisant à la fois des simulations numériques, des essais thermomécaniques et des analyses physico-chimiques. Les simulations numériques ont eu pour principal objectif de permettre de déterminer la localisation et le niveau des maximums des champs mécaniques dans le stator. Les essais ont permis quant à eux de caractériser le comportement mécanique du matériau élastomère sous sollicitations mécaniques cycliques à différentes températures. Une première étude a permis d’analyser l’évolution de l’effet Payne en fatigue. Une seconde s’est concentrée sur l’analyse de l’effet de l’application d’un chargement thermomécanique sur l’évolution de la microstructure du matériau élastomère
The study of the sustainability of the rubber, which is the main constitutive material of the Moineau pump stator, was carried out using finite element analyses, thermomechanical experiments and physic-chemical analysis. The numerical simulations were performed to identify the range and location of the maximal stress and strain within the pump stator. The experimental tests allowed to characterize the mechanical behaviour of rubber under cyclic solicitation at several temperatures. The first part of the study focused on the Payne effect during fatigue loading while the second dealt with the effect of a thermomechanical loading on the rubber microstructure evolution
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Näsman, Margareta. "Effects of anti-neoplastic therapy on tooth and bone formation : clinical and experimental studies /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-3282-4/.

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Buisset-Goussen, Adeline. "Etude des effets multigénérationnels d'une exposition chronique aux rayonnements ionisants chez un organisme modèle : le nématode Caenorhabditis elegans." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4077/document.

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L'évaluation de l'impact écologique d'une exposition aux rayonnements ionisants est devenue une préoccupation majeure. L'objectif de ce doctorat était d'étudier les effets multigénérationnels d'une irradiation gamma chronique selon une approche intégrée, des traits d'histoire de vie aux mécanismes subcellulaires chez un organisme modèle, le nématode Caenorhabditis elegans. L'étude des effets d'une irradiation gamma chronique sur les traits d'histoire de vie de C. elegans a d'abord été effectuée. Pour cela, trois générations ont été exposées et deux générations ont été placées en environnement « contrôle » après exposition parentale. Puis, différents mécanismes subcellulaires pouvant expliquer les effets observés sur les traits d'histoire de vie ont été par la suite caractérisés. Les résultats obtenus ont mis en évidence que (i) la reproduction était le critère d'effet le plus sensible, (ii) une augmentation de la radiosensibilité était observée sur trois générations exposées et (iii) les effets de la génération parentale étaient transmis aux générations non-exposées. Une augmentation de l'apoptose, une diminution du stock de spermatozoïdes et du nombre de cellules mitotiques semblent expliquer la diminution de la reproduction dans les générations exposées. Seule une diminution du nombre de spermatozoïdes a été observée en parallèle d'une diminution de la reproduction dans les générations placées non exposées. Ce projet de recherche a permis d'apporter des connaissances sur les effets multigénérationnels d'une irradiation gamma et montre l'intérêt d'utiliser une approche intégrée pour mieux comprendre les mécanismes d'action liés à l'action d'un polluant
The environmental risk assessment of chronic exposure to ionizing has become a major concern. The aim of this PhD was to study the multigenerational effects of chronic gamma radiation in an integrated manner (to the life history traits from the subcellular mechanisms) in a model organism, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. First, studying the effects of chronic gamma radiation on the life history traits of C. elegans was performed. For that, three generations have been exposed to different dose rates and two generations have been placed in "control" environment after parental exposure. The second part of this thesis aimed to characterize the different subcellular mechanisms that could explain the observed effects on the life history traits after multigenerational exposure. The results showed that (i) the reproduction was the most sensitive endpoint to gamma radiation, (ii) an increase in radiosensitivity was observed over three exposed generations and (iii) the effects of the parental generation were transmitted to the non-exposed generations. An increase in apoptosis, a reduction in the stock of sperm, and to a lesser extent, a decrease in the number of mitotic cells, could explain the observed decrease in reproduction for the exposed generations. Only a decrease in sperm number was observed in parallel with a reduction in the cumulative number of larvae in the non-exposed generations. This research contributes to our knowledge on the multigenerational effects of gamma irradiation and shows the importance of an integrated approach to better understand the mechanisms of action related to the action of a pollutant and improve the environmental risk assessment
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Wasapinyokul, Kamol. "Effects of illumination on the properties of organic field-effect transistors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609509.

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Merkle, Andrea Hildegard. "Ecosystemic effect indicators to assess effects of agricultural landuse on ecosystems." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB9068825.

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Ngo, Anh T. "Spin-orbit Effects and Electronic Transport in Nanostructures." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1292260134.

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37

Dunlap, Thomas M. "Aquatic Priming Effects in the York River Estuary and Implications for Dissolved Organic Carbon Mineralization." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3624.

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The priming effect (PE), characterized as the enhanced microbial processing of bio-recalcitrant organic matter with the addition of labile substrates, has been hypothesized to moderate carbon (C) cycling in aquatic systems. In this study, aquatic PEs were evaluated through bacterial respiration and dissolved organic C consumption in incubations of water collected from three locations along the York River estuary. Incubations from White’s Landing on the Pamunkey River, a tidal freshwater tributary of the York, and from Croaker Landing in the middle of the estuary, displayed positive PEs when amended with labile C. In contrast, amended incubations from Gloucester Point, near the mouth of the estuary, displayed negative PEs, or reduced relative C metabolism, based on our calculations, This study provides empirical evidence for the occurrence of aquatic PEs and serves to elucidate how they may enhance or retard the processing and mineralization of organic C during transport to the ocean.
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Martinez, Ramon D. "Purification and characterization of Clostridium sordellii toxins HT and LT and comparison to toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54238.

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Clostridium sordellii cause gas gangrene in man and animals, and more recently it has been implicated as a causal agent of diarrhea and enterotoxemia in domestic animals. This organism was once believed to cause pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) in humans, however, Clostridium difficile, not C. sordellii, was found to be the causative agent of this disease. It is now known that C. difficile produces two toxins, designated A and B, that are implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. C. sordellii produces two toxins, designated HT (Hemorrhagic Toxin) and LT (Lethal Toxin), that are similar to toxins A and B of C. difficile. The goal of my research was to purify and characterize the two toxins of C. sordellii, and compare their properties to those of C. difficile. Toxin HT was purified from C. sordellii (VPI strain 9048) culture filtrate by ultrafiltration through an XM-100 membrane filter and immunoaffinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody to toxin A of C. difficile as the ligand. Toxin LT was purified to 80% homogeneity by ultrafiltration on an XM-100 membrane filter and ion-exchange chromatography. Toxin HT migrated as a major band with molecular weight of 525,000 and a minor band at 450,000 on non-denaturing PAGE. By SDS-PAGE the molecular weight was estimated at 300,000. Isoelectric focusing indicated a pI of 6.1. Like toxin A, toxin HT was cytotoxic to cultured cells, lethal for mice, and elicited an accumulation of hemorrhagic fluid in rabbit ileal loops. Toxin LT exhibited properties similar to toxin B, although LT was about a 1000-fold less cytotoxic than toxin B. By SDS-PAGE the molecular weight was estimated at 260,000. Immunodiffusion analysis revealed a reaction of partial identity between these toxins and their amino-terminal sequences were very similar. Toxins HT and LT of C. sordellii have retained remarkable immunological similarities as well as physicochemical and biological properties with toxins A and B of Q. difficult however the toxins are not identical.
Ph. D.
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Ananieva, V. V., and S. О. Petrov. "Justification of concentration of dry extracts from vegetable raw materials in the composition of dental gel." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2019. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/45932.

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Taylor, Tamsen E. "Strategic effects in naming, effects of the time criterion." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/MQ32516.pdf.

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41

Jackson, Eric D. "Cortisol Effects on Emotional Memory: Independent of Stress Effects." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196155.

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The primary aim of this dissertation is to clarify how stressful experiences impact the formation of emotional memory. The first portion reviews historical evidence that numerous emotional memory phenomena, as well as conceptualizations thereof, span multiple cultural traditions and extend to ancient art and literature. Emotional memory phenomena involving stress-induced amnesia, such as psychogenic amnesia and recovered memories of trauma, is found to be less ubiquitous. The review of historical conceptualizations of emotional memory is followed by a review of modern research and theory, much of which is informed by animal models and cognitive neuroscience. These reviews provide a variety of testable hypotheses that are addressed by the three original experiments reported here. The first involved inducing stress in human subjects before they encoded emotional or neutral material, then assessing long-term memory and its relationship with salivary cortisol concentrations. The second involved administering different doses of cortisol to human subjects immediately before they encoded emotional or neutral material, then assessing long-term memory and its relationship with salivary cortisol concentrations. The third involved inducing stress in human subjects while presenting a combined memory encoding and fear conditioning task. Long-term episodic and fear memory were tested and compared with salivary cortisol concentrations. The experimental results indicated that mildly emotional stimuli formed stronger memories than indifferent stimuli, but that emotionally stressful experiences partially impeded the formation of memories about the experience, even while facilitating emotional learning (fear conditioning) during the experience. The results also indicated that the stress hormone cortisol was likely not responsible for the stress-induced memory alterations, disaffirming some popular theories and animal models. Rather, cortisol appeared to produce independent effects that dose-dependently promoted the storage of particular aspects of memory. The neurobiological underpinnings of these results and how the findings fit with historical and modern conceptualizations of emotional memory is discussed.
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42

Sandström, Paul A. "The neural effects of palytoxinThe neural effects of palytoxin." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36765/1/36765_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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Palytoxin, the most potent known marine toxin, has been demonstrated to produce acute neurological disturbances in several animal species and, possibly, even in humans. However, the effects of palytoxin on excitable membranes have not been well characterised or explained. Palytoxin occurs within the same ecosystem in which other seafood toxins such as ciguatoxin, saxitoxin and brevetoxins are found. Also, several reports suggest that, occasionally, palytoxin may contribute to the ciguatera syndrome. As these other toxins are known to affect the sodium ion channel, either by activation or inactivation, evidence that palytoxin may also affect this structure was sought. The studies performed on the ventral coccygeal nerve of the rat tail, subsequent to an intraperitoneal injection of palytoxin, demonstrated a significant slowing of mixed nerve and motor conduction velocities and a reduction in the amplitude of the mixed nerve and motor action potentials. However, palytoxin exerted no effect on the latency of the shortest F-wave response. In the palytoxin-treated group, the absolute and relative refractory periods were prolonged. Palytoxin also appeared to induce a significant prolongation of the supernormal period of nerve excitability. The response of the palytoxin-treated ventral coccygeal nerve to repetitive stimulation demonstrated no consistent abnormality. These studies lend indirect support to the proposition that at least one action of palytoxin is that of an alteration in the excitability of neural tissue by inducing persistent sodium ion channel activation. Lignocaine, administered via the intraperitoneal route, was demonstrated to reverse many of the electrophysiological disturbances and, particularly, the prolonged supernormal period, in palytoxin-treated rats. These results suggest that prior activation of sodium ion channels by palytoxin may be blocked by lignocaine. Ethanol, administered via the intraperitoneal route, was observed to reverse many of the electrophysiological disturbances recorded in the palytoxin-treated rats, however, the supernormal period remained prolonged, yet not particularly enhanced or diminished in magnitude. Ouabain, administered via the intraperitoneal route, also reversed many of the electrophysiological disturbances induced in palytoxin-treated rats. However, in these animals, the palytoxin-induced supernormal period remained prolonged, yet not exaggerated or diminished in magnitude. These results suggest that membrane excitability may occur independently of, or with, the (Na+,K+)A TPase mechanism. The effect of palytoxin on mammalian nerve tissue appeared to be modified at a lower temperature. Mixed nerve and motor conduction, F-wave responses, absolute and relative refractory period and supernormal period studies were performed on palytoxin-treated animals at 25°C. The only significant abnormalities were a prolongation of the relative refractory period and of the supernormal period. This study suggests that, at least, in mammalian nerve tissue, this toxin is less active at a lower ambient temperature. In terms of central studies, in palytoxin-treated rats the brainstem auditory evoked response was not significantly altered although there was significant prolongation of the corticospinal evoked response. This finding suggests that palytoxin is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier and, then, exerting an effect on central nerve membranes. These results are similar to those induced by ciguatoxin in the ventral coccygeal nerve of the rat. Both toxins produce slowing of the mixed nerve and motor conduction velocities, a reduction in the amplitude of the mixed nerve and motor action potentials and a prolongation of the refractory period and supernormal period. Lignocaine abolishes the supernormal period induced by both toxins. At a temperature of 25°C, both toxins produce reduced electrophysiological effects, in comparison with those produced at 37°C. Ciguatoxin is known to bind to and to activate or open sodium ion channels. These studies suggest that at least one action of palytoxin may be that of a similar activation of sodium ion channels. With reference to these studies and to the fact that both toxins occur within the same ecosystem, palytoxin could potentially contribute, on occasions, to the ciguatera syndrome.
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Phelps, Gretchen. "MAGNETO-OPTICAL EFFECTS AND PRECISION MEASUREMENT PHYSICS: ACCESSING THE MAGNETIC FARADAY EFFECT OF POLARIZED 3HE WITH A TRIPLE MODULATION TECHNIQUE." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/physastron_etds/15.

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This work is comprised of the study of two magneto-optical phenomena: the Kerr effect and the Faraday effect. Neutron physics experiments often utilize polarized neutrons, and one method to generate or guide polarized neutrons involves the use of a system of magnetic super-mirrors. Experience shows that the magnetization of the super-mirror may decay with time; therefore, we implemented the surface magneto-optical Kerr effect (SMOKE) to study the temporal behavior of the magnetization of a magnetized remnant super-mirror sample, where a sensitivity of 0.1 mrad was obtained. Unique to our set-up was the method in which the various magnetization directions were probed. The sample was magnetized prior to insertion into the set-up, and a high precision rotational stage was used to manually rotate the sample to effectively generate a reversal of the magnetic field. Multiple samples from a larger super-mirror specimen were tested, in which no change in the magnetization was detected for one month after sample magnetization. Further studies could increase the sensitivity of the experiment, potentially rendering the method as an application for real-time magnetization monitoring. Polarized 3He nuclei are often used as an effective polarized neutron target at various laboratories, including Jefferson Lab, through the use of spin-exchange optical pumping in a glass cell constructed of GE-180. Utilizing the nuclear spin optical rotation to measure the Faraday effect of polarized 3He would develop a new procedure for polarization monitoring, establish a powerful tool to diagnose the wall properties and thicknesses of the cells used, and the determination of the frequency independent magnetic component of the polarizability would ultimately lead to the extraction of the spin polarizability of 3He. Furthermore, this study has the future implications of being the pioneer experiment for terrestrial dark matter studies. A new triple modulation technique was devised, where a sensitivity of 60 nrad was obtained, and the first ever extraction of the Verdet constant of GE-180 was recorded, an important factor in wall thicknesses and diagnostic investigations for Jefferson Lab. However, a measurement of the nuclear spin optical rotation of a polarized 3He target was not realized, as the measured polarization suggests a Faraday rotation just below the 60 nrad threshold. Nevertheless, the devised triple modulation method proves to be a very sensitive probe in Faraday effect studies, and additional examination of the polarized target for the production of a larger polarization, should yield a measurement of the nuclear spin optical rotation of polarized 3He.
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44

Wirthmueller, Urs. "Priming effects of hemopoietic growth factors on mature effector cells /." Bern, 1991. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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Windvogel, Shantal Lynn. "An investigation into the effect of maternal exposure to nicotine and copper on neonatal lung development." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3411_1194336120.

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In the 20th century, where tobacco smoking continues to be the leading preventable cause of death, an alarming number of people continue to smoke, despite awareness of the implications of exposure for themselves and those around them. Campaigns for the promotion of effective tobacco legislation and awareness are continuously being confronted by the tobacco industry's reluctance to put the health of their consumers before company profits, leading to a ripple effect of misinformation, serious health risks and economic implications, at least for the consumers. Pregnant women are especially a concern, because exposure to tobacco smoke affects not only the smoking mother but has serious implications for the health of her unborn child. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maternal exposure to nicotine during all the phases of lung development, or from the onset of the phase of rapid alveolarisation and, whether copper supplementation will prevent the adverse effects of maternal nicotine exposure, on lung development in the offspring.

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46

Loftenius, Annika. "Effects of mercury and fluoride on human immune cells : elucidation of mechanisms /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-3304-9/.

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47

Macedo, Patrícia da Silva. "The impact of financial development on stock market calendar effects." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18102.

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Mestrado em Finanças
Tendo enfraquecido para algumas amostras, mas persistido para outras, os efeitos de calendário são ainda uma contradição relevante à eficiência de mercado. O seu declínio para alguns mercados sugere que as ineficiências responsáveis pela presença de efeitos de calendário tendem a desaparecer com um melhor desenvolvimento financeiro. Este trabalho procura ajudar a preencher uma lacuna na literatura existente, ao traçar claramente uma relação entre a presença de efeitos de calendário e o desenvolvimento financeiro. O objetivo é clarificar se os efeitos de calendário podem ser parcialmente explicados por um baixo nível de desenvolvimento financeiro. Neste trabalho, investigamos efeitos de calendário semanais e mensais em 46 mercados de ações internacionais, para um período de 25 anos, e relacionamos os resultados com o seu nível de desenvolvimento financeiro. Os resultados sugerem que algumas das anomalias - os efeitos de sexta-feira e de janeiro - claramente diminuem com o desenvolvimento financeiro, enquanto outras - os efeitos de segunda-feira, abril, e Halloween - são estatisticamente significativos, independentemente do desenvolvimento financeiro. Construímos três medidas agregadas para a presença e intensidade de efeitos de calendário nos mercados, e concluímos que os países menos desenvolvidos financeiramente têm não só mais anomalias de calendário em número, mas em intensidade também.
Having weakened for some samples, but persisted for others, calendar effects are still a relevant challenge to market efficiency. Their decline for some markets suggests that the inefficiencies responsible for the presence of calendar effects should disappear with improvements in financial development. This research aims to help fill a gap in the existing literature, by clearly drawing a relationship between the presence of calendar effects and financial development. The goal is to clarify whether calendar effects can be partly explained by a lack of financial development. In this work, we investigate weekly and monthly calendar effects in 46 international stock markets, for a 25 years-period, and relate our findings to their degree of financial development. The evidence suggests that some calendar anomalies - the Friday and January effects - clearly decrease with financial development, while others - the Monday, April, and Halloween effects - are statistically significant, regardless of it. We build three alternative aggregate measures for the presence and severity of calendar effects in markets, and find that less financially developed countries have more calendar anomalies, not only in number, but in intensity as well.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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48

Vaartnou, Manivalde. "EPR investigation of free radicals in excised and attached leaves subjected to ozone and sulphur dioxide air pollution." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29444.

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The X-band EPR spectrometry system was modified to allow for the in situ monitoring of free radical changes in attached, intact plant leaves, which were caused by stress factors such as exposure to excessive photon flux density, ozone or sulphur dioxide. This was done through use of the dewar insert of the variable temperature accessory as a guide, the construction of 'T' shaped cellulose acetate holders to which leaves could be attached with adhesive tape, and modification of the gas flow system used for controlled temperature studies. Kinetic studies of free radical formation were possible with leaves which had minimal underlying Fe⁺⁺ and Mn⁺⁺ signals. In leaves with large underlying signals a Varian software program was used to subtract overlapping signals from each other, thereby revealing the free-radical signal changes which occurred under different light regimes and stress conditions. Preliminary investigation disclosed the formation of a new signal upon prolonged exposure to far-red light and the effect of oxygen depletion upon photosynthetic Signals I and II. Leaves subject to high photon flux density reveal an unreported free-radical signal, which decays upon exposure to microwave radiation; and concomitant damage to Photosystems I and II. Upon elimination of this signal leaves return to the undamaged state or reveal permanent damage to either photo-system, depending upon the degree of damage. Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass leaves subject to low levels of ozone (up to 80ppb) for periods of 8 hours show no changes in free-radical signal formation. At intermediate levels of ozone (80-250ppb) a new free-radical signal was formed within 3 hours of fumigation, Signal II was decreased and Signal I decayed. These changes were reversible if fumigation was terminated. At fumigation levels exceeding 250ppb a different new irreversible free-radical signal was formed in darkness within 1.5 hours of fumigation. Radish, Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass leaves subject to high levels of sulphur dioxide (10-500ppm) reveal the formation of Signal I upon irradiation with broad-band white or 650nm light, thereby indicating an interruption of normal electron flow from PSII to PSI. Damage to the oxygen-evolving complex and reaction centre of PSII is also revealed through changes in Signal II and the Mn⁺⁺ signal. These changes in the normal EPR signals are dose-dependent. Leaves subject to low levels of sulphur dioxide (600-2000ppb) reveal the disappearance of Signal I after 3 hours of fumigation and the formation of a new free-radical signal with parameters similar to the sulphur trioxide free-radical signal. These latter changes are partially reversible upon termination of fumigation. After prolonged exposure to either ozone or sulphur dioxid a free-radical signal with parameters similar to the superoxid anion free-radical signal is formed in plant leaves.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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49

Gustavsson, Sara, and Jonas Helmersson. "Från Ronja Rövardotter till Hundraåringen : Kartläggning av hur specialeffekter och visuella effekter används inom svensk filmbransch idag och vad branschens inställning till det är." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för medier och design, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-9326.

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"Technology has been a key element in the changing creative possibilities available to filmmakers, but deep down the questions of staging, point of view, pace, suspense, time and psychology faced by filmmakers as they walk onto the set in the morning have remained remarkably consistent". Cousins, 2004, s13. Sättet att göra film på har ständigt förändrats och fortsätter att förändras men som citatet syftar till så verkar inställningen till film stå sig lika genom tiderna. I grund och botten handlar det om att berätta en historia som berör publiken. En historia berättad utifrån filmskaparnas olika stilar. Tack vare teknikutvecklingen har många effekter i film, både digitala och fysiska blivit möjliga och vem vet vad den tekniska, och kanske framförallt den digitala utvecklingen, kommer att leda till för effekter i film i framtiden? Vi är trots allt bara i början av den digitala eran. Samtidigt som det nya introduceras kanske de gamla beprövade fysiska effekterna etsar sig fast som klassiska och erkända arbetsmetoder. Vad vi behandlar i den här uppsatsen är hur digitala och fysiska tekniker att skapa effekter används och nyttjas i den svenska filmbranschen. Hur ser beslutsfattare i branschen på effekter som filmskapande och varför ser användandet ut som det gör idag? Vi har också undersökt vad det är som styr användandet av effekter inom filmskapande utifrån ekonomiska, tekniska och konstnärliga överväganden. Vi har samlat in information genom kvalitativa, djupgående intervjuer med tre produktionsbolagsföreträdare och tre finansiärer. Vi har även samlat in information kring begreppen fysiska effekter och digitala effekter bland sex stycken filmarbetare som aktivt arbetar med effektskapande på olika sätt. Det har visat sig att det råder meningsskiljaktigheter när det kommer till definition av begreppen kring digitala effekter och fysiska effekter mellan de bolagsföreträdare och finansiärer vi har intervjuat och de aktiva effektmakare som vi har bett definiera begreppen. För att underlätta framtida kommunikation kommer vi i den här uppsatsen definiera dessa begrepp utifrån våra resultat. Våra resultat tyder på att det finns en vilja inom filmbranschen att arbeta med effekter inom film men att det samtidigt saknas resurser och kompetens idag. Samtidigt tycker vi oss utläsa en okunskap kring effekter vilket ställer till det för dem som vill arbeta med effekter. Exempelvis gällande Guldbaggegalan, där kategorin "Bästa Visuella Effekter" togs bort efter bara några år efter införandet för att det ansågs vara för svårt att utläsa vad som var effekter och inte i en film. Utifrån det vi kan utläsa från våra resultat finner vi det motsägelsefullt att vilja utveckla branschen och arbetet med effekter och samtidigt inte utveckla kunnandet kring det, när man istället för att plocka bort en kategori på grund av okunskap istället borde lära sig mer om det.
"Technology has been a key element in the changing creative possibilities available to filmmakers, but deep down the questions of staging, point of view, pace, suspense, time and psychology faced by filmmakers as they walk onto the set in the morning have remained remarkably consistent." Cousins, 2004, s13. The way of filmmaking has always been changing and it continues to change but as the quote leads up to it seems like the attitude stays the same. It is essentially about telling a story, which affects the audience. To tell a story with the different approaches the creators favors. Thanks to the technical development, many of these effects, both physical and digital have become practicable and who knows what the technique and digital progress will lead to in the future of filmmaking. After all, we are only in the beginning of the digital era. In the same time, the old and proven effect making techniques might inculcate as both classic and recognizable working methods. In this essay, we will talk about how the techniques of digital and practical effects are being used in the Swedish film industry. What does the decision makers in the business think about using effects in filmmaking and why are effects being used the way they are in todays film industry? We also wanted to examine what regulates he use of effects based on economical, technical and artistic considerations. We have collected our data from interviews with three representatives from production companies and three film financiers. We have also collected information considering the definitions of visual effects and special effects from six filmmakers who that works with effect making on a daily basis. It has become apparent that there are some confusion considering the definitions of the concepts of visual effects and special effects between the producers and financiers and the filmmakers. In order to ease future communication, we will in this essay define these concepts out of our results. Our result suggests that there is a will in the Swedish film industry to work with effects in filmmaking but in the same time parts of the industry lacks of resources and capability. Simultaneously, we can note that the ignorance around the concept of effects causes communication problems for digital artists and prop makers. For instance, on the Swedish film gala "Guldbaggegalan" they added a new category only a few years back and this year they took it away because of the problems of recognizing what's visual effects and what's not. It is interesting that there is an interest in developing effects in filmmaking and at the same time takes away the award. Instead of taking it away, they should focus on educating people about effects.
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50

Quaas, Johannes, Olivier Boucher, and François-Marie Bréon. "Aerosol indirect effects in POLDER satellite data and the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique–Zoom (LMDZ) general circulation model." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-177294.

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The POLDER-1 instrument was able to measure aerosol and cloud properties for eight months in 1996–1997. We use these observational data for aerosol concentration (the aerosol index), cloud optical thickness, and cloud droplet effective radius to establish statistical relationships among these parameters in order to analyze the first and second aerosol indirect effects. We also evaluate the representation of these effects as parameterized in the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique–Zoom (LMDZ) general circulation model. We find a decrease in cloud top droplet radius with increasing aerosol index in both the model and the observations. Our results are only slightly changed if the analysis is done at fixed cloud liquid water path (LWP) instead of considering all LWP conditions. We also find a positive correlation between aerosol index and cloud liquid water path, which is particularly pronounced over the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. This may be interpreted as observational evidence for the second aerosol indirect effect on a large scale. The model-simulated relationship agrees well with that derived from POLDER data. Model simulations show a rather small change in the two relationships if preindustrial rather than present-day aerosol distributions are used. However, when entirely switching off the second aerosol indirect effect in our model, we find a much steeper slope than we do when including it.
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