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Journal articles on the topic 'Effects of water pollution on'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Bhagat, Naseeb Kumar, Dr Manohar lal Dr. Manohar lal, and Radika Mhajan. "Cause Effects and Control of Water Pollution in River Tawi." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 7 (October 1, 2011): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/july2014/48.

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2

Asghari, Maryam. "Pollution Haven Effect and Water Quality." International Academic Journal of Economics 06, no. 01 (June 25, 2019): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/iaje/v6i1/1910007.

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3

Hassan Al-Taai, Suaad Hadi. "Water pollution Its causes and effects." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 790, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/790/1/012026.

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4

Owa, F. W. "Water Pollution: Sources, Effects, Control and Management." International Letters of Natural Sciences 8 (January 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.8.1.

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Human activities including industrialization and agricultural practices contributed immensely in no small measure to the degradation and pollution of the environment which adversely has an effect on the water bodies (rivers and ocean) that is a necessity for life. This paper tries to discuss basically what water pollution is and equally to address the source, effect control and water pollution management as a whole. Some recommendations such as introduction of environmental education were mentioned.

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5

Nichols, J. A., and H. D. Parker. "EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION ON INDUSTRIAL WATER INTAKES1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1989, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1989-1-473.

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ABSTRACT Oil spills in coastal waters sometimes give rise to concerns that oil may become entrained in the seawater intakes of power stations, desalination units, and other industrial plants. This paper reviews the findings of an investigation, undertaken by the International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation and Sir M. MacDonald & Partners, on the effects of oil pollution on water-cooled electricity-generating stations and desalination plants using multistage flash distillation and reverse osmosis. The various components that could be contaminated by oil are described and, using case studies wherever possible, the effects on equipment, heat transfer surfaces, and potable water are discussed. Finally considered are various methods of minimizing the impact of oil and financial implications of oil contamination for the different types of industrial plant.

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6

Li, Jingjing, and Xiaohan Zhang. "Beach Pollution Effects on Health and Productivity in California." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11 (June 4, 2019): 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111987.

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The United States (U.S.) Clean Water Act triggered over $1 trillion in investments in water pollution abatement. However, treated sewage discharge and untreated runoff water that are contaminated by fecal matter are discharged into California beach waters daily. Warnings are posted to thwart the public from contacting polluted coastal water, according to the California Code of Regulations (CCR). This paper evaluated the current policy by empirically examining the productivity loss, in the form of sick leave, which is caused by fecal-contaminated water along the California coast under the CCR. The findings of this study showed that Californians suffer productivity losses in the amount of 3.56 million sick leave days per year due to recreational beach water pollution. This paper also empirically examined the pollution-to-sickness graph that Cabelli’s classic study theoretically proposed. The results of the research assure that the existing water quality thresholds are still reasonably safe and appropriate, despite the thresholds being based on studies from the 1950s. The weakness of the CCR lies in its poor enforcement or compliance. Better compliance, in terms of posting pollution advisories and increasing public awareness regarding beach pollution effects on health, would lead to a significant decrease in sick leaves and a corresponding increase in productivity. Therefore, this study advocates for stronger enforcement by displaying pollution advisories and better public awareness of beach pollution effects on health.

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7

Moss, Brian. "Water pollution by agriculture." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1491 (July 30, 2007): 659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2176.

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Agriculture disrupts all freshwater systems hugely from their pristine states. The former reductionist concept of pollution was of examining individual effects of particular substances on individual taxa or sub-communities in freshwater systems, an essentially ecotoxicological concept. It is now less useful than a more holistic approach that treats the impacts on the system as a whole and includes physical impacts such as drainage and physical modification of river channels and modification of the catchment as well as nutrient, particulate and biocide pollution. The European Water Framework Directive implicitly recognizes this in requiring restoration of water bodies to ‘good ecological quality’, which is defined as only slightly different from pristine state. The implications for the management of agriculture are far more profound than is currently widely realized.

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8

Yasuhiko, Hatano, and Hatano Akira. "Effects of sea water pollution on chicken embryos." Toxicology Letters 62, no. 1 (August 1992): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(92)90071-q.

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9

Laboni, Akter. "Water pollution and its effects on human development." Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research (AJMR) 9, no. 11 (2020): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2278-4853.2020.00317.1.

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10

Ambe, Yoshinari. "Possible effects of water pollution on the evaporation from water surface." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 25, no. 3 (January 1994): 1962–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1992.11900536.

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11

McIntyre, A. D. "Biological Effects and Pollution Assessment." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 4-5 (April 1, 1986): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0191.

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Techniques for studying biological effects of pollution in the sea are briefly reviewed and the circumstances under which they are most useful in coastal waters considered. Some approaches are particularly suitable for studying pollution hot spots, others for detecting low levels of contamination. The role of the scientist in pollution assessment is discussed and the problems caused by lack of ecological understanding highlighted.

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12

She, Ying, Yaobin Liu, Yangu Deng, and Lei Jiang. "Can China’s Government-Oriented Environmental Regulation Reduce Water Pollution? Evidence from Water Pollution Intensive Firms." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 7841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197841.

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China’s environmental regulation regime remains mainly government-oriented, consisting of the government environmental investment policy and the command–control policy. This paper first improves the traditional environment Copeland-Taylor model by including the above two types of government-oriented environment instruments. Then, based on a comprehensive firm-level dataset, we examine the effects of government-oriented environmental instruments on firms’ water pollutant emission abatement in the Yangtze River Economic zone. We find robust evidence of a significant decrease of 2.99% in chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) discharge and of 3.55% in ammonia nitrogen(NH3) discharge of firms in response to the government environmental investment policy, whereas the command–control instrument shows little effect on firms’ water pollutant emission reduction. Our results are robust when using alternative measurements for two types of environmental instruments. Additionally, we also find there exist heterogeneous effects across sub-samples: (1)comparing with large and medium firms, small and micro firms are more liable to be influenced by the two types of government-oriented environmental instruments; (2) the effect of two types of government-oriented environmental instruments is obviously significant in the intensive-water-pollution industry, whereas it is not obvious in clean industry; (3) the effect of government environmental investment is obvious on state-owned enterprises and domestic joint ventures, whereas the command–control policy has effectively reduced the water pollutant discharge for domestic joint ventures and private firms. Finally, this study also presents some future policy implications.

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13

Cheung, W. H. S., K. C. K. Chang, R. P. S. Hung, and J. W. L. Kleevens. "Health effects of beach water pollution in Hong Kong." Epidemiology and Infection 105, no. 1 (August 1990): 139–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800047737.

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SUMMARYProspective epidemiological studies of beach water pollution were conducted in Hong Kong in the summers of 1986 and 1987. For the main study in 1987, a total of 18741 usable responses were obtained from beachgoers on nine beaches at weekends. The study indicated the overall perceived symptom rates for gastrointestinal, ear, eye, skin, respiratory, fever and total illness were significantly higher for swimmers than non-swimmers; and the swimming-associated symptom rates for gastrointestinal, skin, respiratory and total illness were higher at ‘barely acceptable’ beaches than at ‘relatively unpolluted’ ones.Escherichia coliwas found to be the best indicator of the health effects associated with swimming in the beaches of Hong Kong. It showed the highest correlation with combined swimming-associated gastroenteritis and skin symptom rates when compared with other microbial indicators. A linear relationship betweenE. coliand the combined symptom rates was established. Staphylococci were correlated with ear, respiratory and total illness, but could not be used for predicting swimming-associated health risks. They should be used to complementE. coli. The setting of health-related bathing-water quality standards based on such a study is discussed.

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14

P.U., Igwe, Chukwudi C.C., Ifenatuorah F.C., Fagbeja I.F., and Okeke C.A. "A Review of Environmental Effects of Surface Water Pollution." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 12 (2017): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.4.12.21.

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15

Mosheim, Roberto, and Robin C. Sickles. "Spatial effects of nutrient pollution on drinking water production." Empirical Economics 60, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 2741–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00181-021-02019-1.

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16

Urooj, Afshan, Rida Ilyas, and Nimrud Humayun Humayun. "Effects of Dumping Solid Waste on Water Quality of Surface Water Bodies." Journal of Plant and Environment 1, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/jpe.001.01.3575.

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Water pollution has been a hot debate for government and scientists. in addition, protecting river water quality is exceedingly immediate because of serious water pollution and global scarcity of water reservoir. This study was conducted to assess the effect of solid waste dumping on surface water quality. In return to achieve this, water samples were obtained in different months from site. Below site was selected due to the dumps on surface water. Water parameters pH, turbidity conductivity and temperature were determined using pH/conductivity meter, Most the values are within the permissible limits, but all the samples do not fulfill WHO requirements, site may have effects on human health due to waterborne diseases and on soil fertility.

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17

Kumar, Devender. "THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF AIR POLLUTION, WATER AND LAND/SOIL WASTE POLLUTION." Globus An International Journal of Management & IT 11, no. 2 (March 11, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.46360/globus.mgt.120201002.

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18

Zhang, Wei, Gui-Bing He, Yue Zhu, and Long Cheng. "Effects of psychological distance on assessment of severity of water pollution." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 42, no. 1 (February 15, 2014): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.1.69.

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We conducted 2 studies to investigate the role of psychological distance in the assessment of degree of severity of water pollution. In Study 1, 132 participants evaluated the severity of water pollution with 3 dimensions of psychological distance, that is, temporal, social, and probability, each comprising 3 levels. Results showed that temporal distance did not have a significant influence on the assessment of the severity of water pollution, whereas probability and social distance did. In Study 2, 146 participants evaluated the severity of water pollution in three 2 × 2 designs and one 2 × 2 × 2 design. Results demonstrated that, when the 3 psychological distances coexisted, the main effect of probability distance on severity assessment was significant, but neither temporal nor social distance had a significant effect.

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19

Svoboda, Pavel, and Helmut Kurth. "Environment Effects - Dust Pollution and Soil Protection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 843 (July 2016): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.843.111.

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Human activities have a considerable effect upon the development of all components of the natural environment. The activity of construction represents a considerable influence upon the environment, with its significance growing with the rate of urbanisation. The high concentration of people in cities and towns has resulted in this urban environment representing the living community for over 50 percent of the population. Construction based activities not only provide material conditions for an urban population, but also influence its social behaviour. As such, no civil engineering designs are able to ignore the influences or impacts which structures may have on the environment especially dust pollution and erosion of soil that is one of the principal resources of the biosphere. As a limited and irreplaceable natural resource it becomes the limiting factor of the development of society in case of its destruction or degradation. By being the living space of most plants it enables energy transformation in the framework of the ecosystem by way of the autothropic stratum represented by the green vegetation. Organic matter produced on the soil serves in numerous ways, whether directly or indirectly, the needs of man. Also the subsoil water runoff depends on soil properties. The loss of soil transforms the subsoil water runoff into surface water runoff with all negative consequences of such transformation.

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20

Aldalbahi, Ali, Mehrez E. El-Naggar, Mohamed H. El-Newehy, Mostafizur Rahaman, Mohammad Rafe Hatshan, and Tawfik A. Khattab. "Effects of Technical Textiles and Synthetic Nanofibers on Environmental Pollution." Polymers 13, no. 1 (January 3, 2021): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13010155.

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Textile manufacturing has been one of the highest polluting industrial sectors. It represents about one-fifth of worldwide industrial water pollution. It uses a huge number of chemicals, numerous of which are carcinogenic. The textile industry releases many harmful chemicals, such as heavy metals and formaldehyde, into water streams and soil, as well as toxic gases such as suspended particulate matter and sulphur dioxide to air. These hazardous wastes, may cause diseases and severe problems to human health such as respiratory and heart diseases. Pollution caused by the worldwide textile manufacturing units results in unimaginable harm, such as textile polymers, auxiliaries and dyes, to the environment. This review presents a systematic and comprehensive survey of all recently produced high-performance textiles; and will therefore assist a deeper understanding of technical textiles providing a bridge between manufacturer and end-user. Moreover, the achievements in advanced applications of textile material will be extensively studied. Many classes of technical textiles were proved in a variety of applications of different fields. The introductory material- and process-correlated identifications regarding raw materials and their transformation into yarns, fibers and fabrics followed by dyeing, printing, finishing of technical textiles and their further processing will be explored. Thus, the environmental impacts of technical textiles on soil, air and water are discussed.

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21

Beeson, David R., and Jerald M. Powell. "Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Organisms." Water Environment Research 72, no. 6 (October 1, 2001): 1725–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143000x144268.

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22

Reish, Donald J., Philip S. Oshida, Alan J. Mearns, Thomas C. Ginn, and Michael Buchman. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms." Water Environment Research 72, no. 6 (October 1, 2001): 1754–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143000x144277.

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23

Reish, Donald J., Philip S. Oshida, Alan J. Mearns, Thomas C. Ginn, and Michael Buckman. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms." Water Environment Research 74, no. 6 (October 1, 2002): 1507–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143002x140747.

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24

Relish, Donald J., Philip S. Oshida, Alan J. Mearns, ThomasC, and Michael Buckman. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms." Water Environment Research 75, no. 6 (October 1, 2003): 1800–1862. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143003x145372.

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25

Reish, Donald J., Philip S. Oshida, Alan J. Mearns, Thomas C. Ginn, and Michael Buchman. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms." Water Environment Research 76, no. 6 (September 2004): 2443–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143004x145876.

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26

Mearns, Alan J., Donald J. Reish, Philip S. Oshida, Michael Buchman, Thomas Ginn, and Robert Donnelly. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms." Water Environment Research 79, no. 10 (September 2007): 2102–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143007x218683.

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27

Harmon, S. Michele. "Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Organisms." Water Environment Research 80, no. 10 (October 2008): 1892–917. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143008x328851.

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28

Mearns, Alan J., Donald J. Reish, Philip S. Oshida, Michael Buchman, Thomas Ginn, and Robert Donnelly. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms." Water Environment Research 80, no. 10 (October 2008): 1918–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143008x328860.

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29

Harmon, S. Michele. "Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Organisms." Water Environment Research 81, no. 10 (September 10, 2009): 2030–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143009x12445568400692.

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30

Mearns, Alan J., Donald J. Reish, Philip S. Oshida, Michael Buchman, Thomas Ginn, and Robert Donnelly. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms." Water Environment Research 81, no. 10 (September 10, 2009): 2070–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143009x12445568400737.

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31

Mearns, Alan J., Donald J. Reish, Philip S. Oshida, and Thomas Ginn. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms." Water Environment Research 82, no. 10 (January 1, 2010): 2001–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143010x12756668802175.

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32

Mearns, Alan J., Donald J. Reish, Philip S. Oshida, Thomas Ginn, Mary Ann Rempel-Hester, Courtney Arthur, and Nicolle Rutherford. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms." Water Environment Research 85, no. 10 (October 1, 2013): 1828–933. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143013x13698672322949.

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33

Mearns, Alan J., Donald J. Reish, Matt Bissell, Ann Michelle Morrison, Mary Ann Rempel-Hester, Courtney Arthur, Nicolle Rutherford, and Rachel Pryor. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms." Water Environment Research 90, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 1206–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143018x15289915807218.

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34

Choudri, B. S., Yassine Charabi, and Mushtaque Ahmed. "Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Organisms." Water Environment Research 90, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 1723–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143018x15289915807399.

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35

Reish, Donald J., Philip S. Oshida, Alan J. Mearns, and Thomas C. Ginn. "Effects of pollution on saltwater organisms." Water Environment Research 67, no. 4 (June 1995): 718–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143095x135958.

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36

Reish, Donald J., Philip S. Oshida, Alan J. Mearns, Thomas C. Ginn, Erika M. Godwin-Saad, and Michael Buchman. "Effects of pollution on saltwater organisms." Water Environment Research 69, no. 4 (June 1997): 877–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143097x135091.

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37

Reish, Donald J., Philip S. Oshida, Alan J. Mearns, Thomas C. Ginn, and Michael Buchman. "Effects of pollution on saltwater organisms." Water Environment Research 70, no. 4 (June 1998): 931–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143098x134550.

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38

Beeson, David R., Jerald M. Powell, and Mark C. Lewis. "Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Organisms." Water Environment Research 71, no. 5 (August 1999): 1092–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143099x133992.

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39

Reish, Donald J., Philip S. Oshida, Alan J. Mearns, Thomas C. Ginn, and Michael Buchman. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms." Water Environment Research 71, no. 5 (August 1999): 1100–1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143099x134009.

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40

Reish, Donald J., Philip S. Oshida, Alan J. Mearns, and Thomas C. Ginn. "Effects of pollution on saltwater organisms." Water Environment Research 65, no. 4 (June 1993): 573–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1554-7531.1993.tb00086.x.

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41

Mearns, Alan J., Mathew Bissell, Ann Michelle Morrison, Mary Ann Rempel‐Hester, Courtney Arthur, and Nicolle Rutherford. "Effects of pollution on marine organisms." Water Environment Research 91, no. 10 (September 12, 2019): 1229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wer.1218.

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42

Mearns, Alan J., Ann Michelle Morrison, Courtney Arthur, Nicolle Rutherford, Matt Bissell, and Mary Ann Rempel‐Hester. "Effects of pollution on marine organisms." Water Environment Research 92, no. 10 (October 2020): 1510–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wer.1400.

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43

Lichtenfels, A. J. F. C., G. Lorenzi-Filho, E. T. Guimarães, M. Macchione, and P. H. N. Saldiva. "Effects of water pollution on the gill apparatus of fish." Journal of Comparative Pathology 115, no. 1 (July 1996): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9975(96)80027-2.

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44

Xu, Mengzhen, Zhaoyin Wang, Xuehua Duan, and Baozhu Pan. "Effects of pollution on macroinvertebrates and water quality bio-assessment." Hydrobiologia 729, no. 1 (April 4, 2013): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-013-1504-y.

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45

Calatrava Leyva, Javier, and Alberto Garrido Colmenero. "Análisis del efecto de los mercados de agua sobre el beneficio de las explotaciones, la contaminación por nitratos y el empleo eventual agrario." Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 1, no. 2 (October 23, 2011): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2001.02.08.

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The evidence available about the external effects of functioning water markets is ambiguous. While some authors have shown that water exchanges diminishes the polluting effects of irrigated agriculture, others conclude otherwise. The joint use of contaminant input taxes and the establishment of water markets gives rise to ambiguous results, because water and fertilisers are not substitutes. The objective of this paper is to examine the joint effects of establishing an hypothetical spot water market among farmers and a nitrogen tax on irrigators’ benefits, nitrogen pollution and hired external labour. Two non-linear models are formulated and developed that simulate irrigators’ behaviour and the functioning of inter-district water markets in the Guadalquivir basin. Results show that water markets would increase hired farm labour and irrigators’ surplus, though at the cost of increasing nitrates pollution. The reduction of nitrates contamination achieved by the tax is attenuated as a result of water exchanges, which in turn contribute to reduce the negative income effects caused by the nitrates tax. Water markets increase unambiguously the social benefits resulting from increasing hired labour.

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46

Derksen, J. G. M., G. B. J. Rijs, and R. H. Jongbloed. "Diffuse pollution of surface water by pharmaceutical products." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 3 (February 1, 2004): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0198.

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Pharmaceutical products for humans or animals, as well as their related metabolites (degradation products) end up in the aquatic environment after use. Recent investigations from abroad show that low concentrations of pharmaceuticals are detectable in municipal waste water, surface water, groundwater and even drinking water. Little is known about the effects, and with that the risk, of long term exposure to low concentrations of pharmaceuticals for aquatic organisms. On the basis of the current knowledge, further attention to map the presence and effects of pharmaceutical residues on aquatic organisms is justified. To map the Dutch situation, recently a monitoring program has started.

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47

Lozovitskiy, P., and А. Моlоchko. "THE FORMING OF WATER FLOW AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATE OF WATER IN THE GUYVA RIVER." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences, no. 2 (39) (2018): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2018.39.22-29.

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The fluctuation dynamics of average annual, average monthly and minimum annual discharges of the Guyva River for 1938–2010 years on the Horodkivka, Peski gauging Stations is given. Comparative results of chemical composition and water salinity in the Guyva river are given for the periods of 1967–2015. The article presents the results of environmental assessment of water quality on the criteria of components of the salt content pollution, environmental sanitation indexes and content of specific substances toxic effects. The water pollution index is calculated and the overall assessment of pollution is made by the whole set of indicators. Keywords: fluctuations in water consumption, chemical composition, mineralization, quality assessment, water pollution.

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48

Hu, Hong Tao, Ping Cao, and Yi Zheng. "Description of the Course Water Pollution Control." Advanced Materials Research 663 (February 2013): 854–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.854.

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Water Pollution control is offered to undergraduate students whose major is Environmental Engineering, to let students know basic knowledge and control technologies of water pollution, so that they can solve problems on water treatment. As one of the main special courses, it requires to be constructed to keep it up-to-date with currents wastewater treatment technologies. This paper analyzed the current conditions of this course. In addition, it described construction process and effects, including adjustment of the teaching content, improvement of teaching methods, revision of teaching mode, compiling of test database and exercise database and performance of experiments in water pollution control.

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49

Akintola, O. A., A. Y. Sangodoyin, and F. O. Agunbiade. "Evaluation of environmental pollution effects on domestic roof-harvested rainwater in Southern part of Nigeria using impact indices." Water Practice and Technology 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 244–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2013.026.

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The effects of environmental factors, roof materials and age of roof on some metals usually found in Domestic Roof-Harvested Rainwater (DRHRW) from southern Nigeria were investigated. Samples were collected in Ibadan (residential), Lagos (industrial) and Port-Harcourt (gas-flaring). Four roof types (corrugated-iron-sheet, long-span-aluminium, asbestos and step-tiles) and three ages of roof (<5, 5–10 and >10 years in service conditions) were considered. Sample preparations, handling and analysis were carried out using standard procedures. Enrichment-Factor, Transfer-Factor and Pollution-Load-Index were estimated to identify roof polluting severity, rate of transfer of each metal detected into the DRHRW as well as atmospheric contribution to the overall pollution effects observed. Metal enrichment was generally low indicating low metal transfer into DRHRW from the sites. Occasional moderate enrichment was recorded for Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca and Mg suggesting their natural presence in the environment. Extremely high enrichment observed for Pb and Cd in industrial and gas-flaring rainwater samples as compared with residential indicated that metal contaminations in these locations are higher compared to residential samples which serve as background. Rate of metal transfer from roof material to rainwater was generally low. Thus, the possible source of the metal contaminants found in DRHRW in the areas investigated was the atmosphere. Mean Pollution-Load-Index of 0.95, 0.99 and 1.06 for rainwater samples in Ibadan, Lagos and Port-Harcourt areas respectively suggested higher pollution load in gas-flaring than residential and industrial regions. Pollution-Load-Index applied to age and roof-type indicated that long-span-aluminium and asbestos roofs that are less than 5 years could contaminate rainwater.

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Hu, Baoan, Miao Miao Wang, and Liang Shao. "Research on Residual Water Purification Treatment for Environmental Dredging of Taihu Lake." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 1023–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.1023.

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Abstract:

Large quantities of residual water with contaminants are produced during the dredging project of Taihu lake, which will bring environment pollution without treatment. Combining the experiments with real engineering, water quality and the correlation between pollution indexes were detected and analyzed in this article. Through coagulation experiments, the removal effects of different flocculants were investigated, meanwhile the amount of flocculants and the setting time were determined. Experimental results showed that the correlation exists between SS, CODMn , NH3-N and TP, so the method of only controlling SS for water discharge target could not totally satisfy the requirement. The sedimentation time in storage yard influenced the removal effects on pollutions greatly, thus, the bottom sludge could not flow into sedimentation tank without staying in the storage yard. PAC was the best flocculant, and the solid suspension concentration could drop below 100 mg/L when the concentration is 50 mg/L and the coagulation time is 5 minutes.

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