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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Effects of washing

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Academic literature on the topic 'Effects of washing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 April 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Effects of washing"

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Dalziel, Katharine. "Atopic subjects—washing effects." British Journal of Dermatology 117, no. 5 (November 1987): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb07509.x.

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Yılmaz, Elif, Sevda Altaş, and Nildeniz Adman. "LAMİNASYON TEKNİĞİ İLE ÜRETİLEN FİLMLERE UYGULANAN TEKRARLI YIKAMALARIN, PARLAKLIK, LAMİNASYON KUVVETİ VE OPTİK DANSİTE ÖZELLİKLERİ AÇISINDAN ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ." e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy 15, no. 4 (October 31, 2020): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12739/nwsa.2020.15.4.1a0460.

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Metalized yarns are produced by cutting the films in different thicknesses, metalized with aluminum on one or both sides, in a rectangular form in the desired dimensions and wrapping them on bobbins under a certain tension. Textile products made of these yarns are exposed to repetitive washings like most textile products; metal surfaces of metalized yarns are abraded over time, their bright appearance decreases or disappears. It is undesirable because it affects the lifetime of the final product. In the study, laminated films were produced by the lamination technique using different raw materials to produce metalized yarns with the improved fastness and mechanical properties. Laminated films were subjected to repetitive washings at different temperatures, and the effects of washings on the surface appearance of the films, lamination strength, and optical density properties were examined. As a result of the study, it was determined that repetitive washings reduce the lamination strength, the gloss property is affected by raw material type, the sample type, washing temperature, and the number of washing cycles affect the optical density.

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TOKUYASU, KIYOTERU. "Effects of washing On positive staining." Acta Histochemica et Cytochemica 25, no. 1/2 (1992): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1267/ahc.25.143.

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Wang, Wen-Yi, Jia-Chi Chiou, Joanne Yip, Ka-Fu Yung, and Chi-Wai Kan. "Development of Durable Antibacterial Textile Fabrics for Potential Application in Healthcare Environment." Coatings 10, no. 6 (May 29, 2020): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10060520.

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Recently, efforts at development of functional textiles with antibacterial effect have accelerated, the purpose being to provide protection against airborne bio-particles and micro-organisms. Growth of microbes on surface of textile materials can be inhibited by biocidal approach and biostatic approach. This paper describes the development of a healthcare textile with durable antibacterial properties by optimizing the conventional and commercialized antimicrobial agent polybiguanide derivative—poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) (PHMB). Pad-dry-cure method was used to coat PHMB on cotton fabrics. The durability to simulated healthcare laundering of the fabric samples was evaluated in detail. Specifically, effects of detergent and washing cycles were examined. It was found that the optimum finishing condition can impart to the fabrics excellent durability for simulated healthcare washing. The fabric samples showed 100% bactericidal effect after 52 washing cycles, and 104 washings slightly reduced the bactericidal activity. Nevertheless, both simulated healthcare washing and coating treatment were found to have slightly negative influence on the hand feel and tearing strength properties of cotton fabrics.

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Eriksson, Gunnar, Anders Rasmuson, and Hans Theliander. "Displacement washing of lime mud: tailing effects." Separations Technology 6, no. 3 (July 1996): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-9618(96)00154-3.

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Sülar, Vildan, and Eren Oner. "Impact of Repeated Home Laundering on the Cyclic Deformation Performance of Elastane Knitted Sportswear Fabrics." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 27, no. 1(133) (February 28, 2019): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7513.

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After washing cycles, textiles having minimum deformation, maximum dimensional stability and the same performance of an unused product are major expectations of customers. This study examined the effects of washing cycles on the cyclic deformation of elastane knitted fabrics in detail. 12 knitted fabrics with two different linear densities of viscose yarn and three different polyamide/elastane gimped yarn of two different tightness levels (normal and tight) were used in the experiments. M&S P15A test method were used to evaluate the cyclic deformation of unwashed and washed fabrics (0, 5, 15 and 25 cycles) for four different recovery time periods (0 min, 2 min, 30 min and 24 h). Dimensional change, tightness factor and mass per unit area values were also examined in order to investigate the residual deformation of the fabrics after each washing stages. Consequently, it is determined that the fabrics having 21 tex viscose ground yarn and 78dtex20f elastane gimped yarn with higher setting show less residual extension (%). 5 and 15 washing cycles and a 30 min. recovery time are found significant for all repeated washings.

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Phutthichayanon, Thanyada, and Surapol Naowarat. "Effects of Hand Washing Campaign on Dynamical Model of Hand Foot Mouth Disease." International Journal of Modeling and Optimization 5, no. 2 (April 2015): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijmo.2015.v5.444.

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Zhao, Xu, Bingxin Wang, Li Jiang, Qingbo Yang, and Jianli Liu. "Modeling desorption and adsorption kinetics of reactive red 195 in washing microenvironment." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 17 (January 2022): 155892502211311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15589250221131123.

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The faded-on stains of cotton clothes are a common daily phenomenon. The desorption and adsorption of reactive dyes are theoretically responsible for the faded-on stains on cotton clothes in the washing microenvironment, especially when the light color cotton fabrics ( LCFs) are washed together with the cotton fabrics dyed in highly saturated color ( CFSCs). However, the effects of washing parameters on the desorption and adsorption kinetics of reactive dyes and the mitigation of faded-on stains in the washing microenvironment through washing parameter optimization are poorly understood. This study thoroughly discusses the desorption and adsorption behaviors of reactive red 195 in the washing microenvironment from the inhibition of color transfer. Firstly, CFSCs and LCFs were prepared by using reactive red 195 and cotton fabrics. Secondly, the effects of washing parameters, washing temperature, washing liquor ratio, and washing solution pH, on the dye desorption and adsorption rate were studied with the simulated washing device ( SWD), followed by the response surface analysis of washing parameters. Thirdly, the modeling of desorption and adsorption kinetics and velocity were detailed. Finally, the model of dye desorption and adsorption was validated in a drum washing machine ( DWM). The results are helpful for the design of scientific washing procedures to curb the faded-on stains of cotton clothes effectively.

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Bogaard, John, and Paul M. Whitmore. "Effects of Dilute Calcium Washing Treatments on Paper." Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 40, no. 2 (2001): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3180025.

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Sarker, Shikha, Md Rakesh, Md Alam, and Abhijit Roy. "Effects of Dry Washing Process on Denim Garment." Chemical Science International Journal 17, no. 4 (January 10, 2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/csji/2016/29399.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Effects of washing"

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Ward, David. "Hydrodynamic effects on soiled surfaces : an experimental study and theoretical analysis." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://oro.open.ac.uk/58091/.

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Caudill, Amber Brooke. "Effects of cool water washing of shell eggs on Haugh unit, vitelline membrane strength, aerobic bacteria, yeast, and mold." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Fall%20Theses/Caudill_Amber_2.pdf.

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Flynn, Ross Christopher. "Persistence of diatoms as trace evidence in clothing fabrics: The effects of active removal (machine washing) and passive removal (time and environment)." Thesis, Flynn, Ross Christopher (2021) Persistence of diatoms as trace evidence in clothing fabrics: The effects of active removal (machine washing) and passive removal (time and environment). Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2021. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/63158/.

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Literature available in the field of forensics covering terrestrial-based evidence is comprehensive; however, many aspects of aquatic environmental evidence have yet to be well researched. One such developing area of aquatic evidence is that of diatoms, a major group of unicellular algae that exist in natural bodies of both fresh and marine waters. Due to their unique qualities and characteristics, diatoms have the potential to be used as evidence of contact with specific water sources. While initially used in forensics to aid drowning diagnoses, more recent case studies and research have investigated diatoms in the context of their use as a form of trace evidence, as well as factors affecting initial transfer and subsequent extraction. This research was the first to investigate factors affecting the persistence of diatoms in fabrics in both passive and active removal pressure contexts. The pressure environments selected represent realistic case circumstances, in which someone may discard (passively affect), or machine wash (actively affect) their clothing after its exposure to diatoms. Additionally, this study investigated whether cross contamination of diatoms could occur between diatom enriched fabrics and blank fabrics within a washing machine environment. Both experiments' test fabrics were immersed in diatom enriched waters containing equal parts C. Muelleri and Navicula sp. species at 2,000,000 dv/mL. The passive removal experiment tested the influence of exposure (indoor and outdoor environments) and time (week 1/2/3/4/8/12) on the concentration of diatoms across three various fabrics (cotton knit/denim weave/polyester knit). The active removal experiment tested the machine type (front loader/top loader), wash temperature (warm ~40°C/cold) and the number of washes (1/2/3) on concentrations within DEFs, in addition to testing for cross contamination using blank fabrics within the washing load. Diatoms were extracted from fabrics using the established H2O2 method and quantified under a compound light microscope (CLM) at 400x magnification. The passive experiment (PE) showed that exposure environment and time both played an important role in diatom persistence, with concentration reductions occurring much quicker initially outdoors compared to indoors, but still featuring notable loss for the indoor group during experiment. Rainfall was noted as heavier on average when the outdoor group lost the majority of its diatom concentrations. The active experiment (AE) showed that the number of washes most greatly impacted the concentration, followed by machine type, followed by wash temperature and these trends were consistent across all tested fabrics. By the first wash all groups still contained diatoms, however at a much lower concentration, and by the second, mostly the top loader washes still contained quantifiable diatoms and by the third wash none of the groups contained quantifiable diatoms. Front loader washes removed diatoms from clothing more effectively than top loaders, and within these machine groups, warm washes were more effective at removal than cold washes. Trends observed in the PE and AE were mostly consistent across all varieties of fabrics tested. Additionally, the AE showed that cross contamination between DEFs and blank fabrics was possible, however at relatively low levels. Across both the passive and active experiments, it is consistently shown that time is of the utmost importance when it comes to retrieving DEF evidence as diatoms appear to be lost passively over time even when left alone in different environments in addition to being vulnerable to machine washing removal.

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Wong, Soak Wai. "The Effects of Perspiration Application, Weathering Exposures, Washing Action of Automatic Home Clothes Washers, and Repeated Laundering on the Ultraviolet Protection of a Naturally Colored Lightweight Cotton Fabric." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76676.

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Sun protection has gained worldwide attention because repetitive overexposure to ultraviolet radiation can result in harmful effects on human skin, including sunburn, premature skin ageing, and in the worst case, skin cancer (Eckhardt and Rohwer, 2000; Sengupta and Blain, 2001). The diminishing stratospheric ozone layer, due to environmental degradation in the past few decades, combined with the modern outdoor-oriented lifestyles, are leading to unexpected levels of skin cancer (Davis, Capjack, Kerr, and Fedosejevs, 1997). Wearing Ultraviolet protective clothing is a simple way of practicing sun safety; however, regular cotton generally has very low ultraviolet protection and it is one of the most environmentally damaging crops despite of it is commonly used to make summer clothing. With the increased interest of public awareness related to sustainability and environmental issues, naturally colored cotton was recommended as it provides better ultraviolet protection than regular cotton. In addition, the production of naturally colored cotton is more environmentally friendly than regular cotton. Although several studies have been conducted on the UVR protection of naturally colored cotton, many questions regarding the factors that influence the UVR protection of fabrics remain unanswered. The primary purpose of the study was to examine the effects of perspiration application, weathering exposures, washing action of automatic home clothes washers, and repeated laundering on the UVR protection of a NC lightweight cotton fabric. In addition, five fabric property changes in the test specimen after the treatments of perspiration, weathering exposure, washing action, and repeated laundering (i.e., fabric count change, thickness change, weight change, color change and dimensional change) were included in this study to serve as secondary dependent variables to examine if the four treatment factors (i.e., perspiration application, weathering exposures, washing action of automatic home clothes washers, and repeated laundering) will cause changes in these five fabric properties, and if these changes will lead to changes of UVR protection of NC lightweight cotton fabric. Based on the purpose and objectives of the study, a split-plot repeated measures experimental design was used for the current study. In this study, the whole plot treatment was the weathering exposure, which contained three levels (i.e., semi-tropical climate without water spray, semi-arid climate, and standard conditioning), and the split plot treatments were the combinations of two treatment factors. In order to understand the effects of repeated laundering on the UVR protection and the five fabric properties, except for the control group, all test specimens were laundered after being treated with the three treatment factors (i.e., perspiration, weathering exposure, and washing action), and this process was repeated 15 times. The UVR protection (i.e., express in UPF value change in current study) and the five fabric properties of these treated test specimens were measured before laundering, and after each laundering cycle. The results of UPF value change showed that test specimens treated with perspiration had a lower change in UPF value than the specimens without treatment. The test specimens exposed to Florida condition had the most UPF value change, followed by Arizona and Standard textile testing conditions. A significant difference also found in test specimens that laundered in a traditional washer after ninth cycle and the UPF value decreased as the number of laundering cycle increased. However, test specimens that laundered in a front-loading HE washer showed no significant UPF value change. For the five fabric properties that listed in secondary objective, all four treatments significantly influenced fabric count, fabric thickness and fabric weight. However, perspiration treatment had no significant effect on the dimensional change in warp direction of test specimens, and washing action had no significant effect on the dimensional change in filling direction of the test specimen as well as both Delta E and Delta L of color change. For testing the relationship between the changes of the five fabric properties and UPF value change, Delta E and Delta L of color change had the highest correlation coefficient with UPF value change. Therefore, it is possible that the changes of these two properties caused by the four treatments and lead to the UPF value change. Future research is needed to confirm this relationship. In conclusion, of perspiration application, weathering exposures, washing action of automatic home clothes washers, and repeated laundering do have influence on the ultraviolet protection of the naturally colored cotton. The color change of the test specimens caused by these four treatments possible lead to the change of the ultraviolet protection of the test specimens. More studies are needed to confirm this relationship.
Ph. D.

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Johansen, Karin Bonde. "Effect of washing of cellulose triacetate films with different degrees of degradation." Connect to PDF file, 2004. http://www.dfi.dk/NR/rdonlyres/2E5738B1-6FAA-45D6-9D93-AEE4C26020BC/0/specialeKarin.pdf.

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Thesis (masters)--Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, School of Conservation, 2007.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Feb. 20, 2009). "Keywords: Aqueous treatment, 35 mm b/w motion picture film, cellulose triacetate, Water-Leach Free Acidity Test, AFT-FTIR, shrinkage measurements, titration with NaOH, autocatalytic point; the vinegar syndrome"--P. ix. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-97).

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Henning, Sebastian, Laura Kühn, Juan Herranz, Maarten Nachtegaal, Rene Hübner, Matthias Werheid, Alexander Eychmüller, and Thomas Justus Schmidt. "Effect of Acid Washing on the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of Pt-Cu Aerogel Catalysts." Elsevier, 2018. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001346861730484X.

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Developing highly active and durable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts is crucial to reduce the cost of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). To meet those requirements, unsupported Pt-Cu alloy nanochains (aerogels) were synthesized by a simple co-reduction route in aqueous solution and their structure was characterized by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and STEM-EDX. These catalysts exceeded the ORR activity of commercial Pt/C catalysts by more than 100 % in RDE experiments and met the US DOE targets, thereby qualifying as very promising materials. The behavior of Pt-Cu aerogels under PEFC operation conditions was mimicked by acid washing experiments which showed that the Cu content in the alloy phase and ORR activity decrease through this step. Comparing composition, structure and ORR activity for various specimens, the Cu content in the alloy phase was identified as the main descriptor of ORR activity. An almost linear correlation was found between those two parameters and complemented by supporting data from the literature.

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Paech, Robert J. "The effect of soil moisture stress, rewatering and leaf washing on the efficacy of glyphosate on selected plant species /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17705.pdf.

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Karayannakidis, Panayotis D. "The effect of washing, frozen storage, and various additives on the properties of Sardine (Sardina pilchardus) mince kamaboko gels." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441671.

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Luedeker, Christopher Craig. "Development of a Surface Washing Agent Protocol: Effect of temperature and salinity on the recovery of heavy weight oil from substrate." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1243355929.

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Luedeker, Christopher C. "Development of a surface washing agent protocol effect of temperature and salinity on the recovery of heavy weight oil from substrate /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1243355929.

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Books on the topic "Effects of washing"

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Leuck, Dale J. The effects of the common agricultural policy on the European Community wheat-washing industry and grain trade. [Washington, DC] (Washington 20005-4788): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Agriculture and Trade Analysis Division, 1990.

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1943-, Babbitt Jerry Keith, and Northwest Fisheries Science Center (U.S.). Kodiak Investigations--Utilization Research Division., eds. Effect of washing on the stability of walleye pollock surimi during frozen storage. Kodiak, Alaska: Kodiak Investigations--Utilization Research Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1991.

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Lashhab, Ali Saleim. The effect of washing processes using discontinuous percoll gradient and swim-up on the removal of HIV-1 from semen. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1995.

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Diplomlandwirtin, Schneider Ursula, Stender Detlef, and Museum der Arbeit (Hamburg, Germany), eds. Das Paradies kommt wieder--: Zur Kulturgeschichte und Ökologie von Herd, Kühlschrank und Waschmaschine. Hamburg: VSA-Verlag, 1993.

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Azari, Haleh. Precision Estimates of AASHTO T 304, AASHTO T 96, and AASHTO T 11 and Investigation of the Effect of Manual and Mechanical Methods of Washing on Sieve Analysis of Aggregates. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/22374.

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Washed cotton: Washing techniques, processing characteristics, and health effects. New Orleans, La: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, 1986.

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Project, Conservation Effects Assessment. Upper Washita River, Oklahoma: 2004-2006 : an ARS benchmark research watershed, one of 24 CEAP watershed projects : CEAP assessment. 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Effects of washing"

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Schultz, Markus J., and Peter E. Spronk. "The Effects of Hand-Washing, Restrictive Antibiotic Use and SDD on Morbidity." In Selective Digestive Tract Decontamination in Intensive Care Medicine: a Practical Guide to Controlling Infection, 99–110. Milano: Springer Milan, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0653-9_7.

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Tu, Nguyen H. K., and Phi T. T. Trang. "Effects of Rice-Washing Water on the Hyaluronic Acid Production of Streptococcus Thermophilus." In IFMBE Proceedings, 168–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32183-2_44.

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Li, Hongyu, and Chien-Hsiung Chen. "Effects of Affordance on the Visual Perception of Smart Washing Machine User Interface Design." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 908–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80091-8_108.

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Schulz, Brett M., Michael T. Brumbach, Christina M. Caughel, and William M. Carty. "Adsorption of Poly(Acrylic Acid) on Clay Surfaces, the Effects of Washing to Remove Impurity Species Present in the Clay." In Whitewares and Materials: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 24, Issue 2, 149–75. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470294796.ch14.

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Palmer, Susan E. "Effect of Biodegradation and Water Washing on Crude Oil Composition." In Topics in Geobiology, 511–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2890-6_23.

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Khoa, Ngo Nhu, Nguyen Thi Hoa, and Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc. "The Effect of Damper Configurations on the Vibration of Horizontal Washing Machines." In Advances in Engineering Research and Application, 298–308. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04792-4_40.

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Ben Fraj, Abir, Mouna Gazzah, and Boubaker Jaouachi. "Analysis of the Effect of Stone Washing in the Residual Bagging Height." In Springer Proceedings in Materials, 161–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08842-1_26.

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Ben Fraj, Abir, Mouna Gazzah, and Boubaker Jaouachi. "Effect of Enzyme Washing Parameters on the Residual Bagging Height of Denim Fabrics." In Springer Proceedings in Materials, 373–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08842-1_59.

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Rim, Cheriaa, and Ben Marzoug Imed. "The Effect of Recycled Fibers on the Ecological Washing Performance of Denim Fabrics." In Springer Proceedings in Materials, 88–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08842-1_15.

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Cheng, S., and R. A. Haber. "The Effect of Bone Ash Washing on the Yiscoelastic Properties of Bone China Body." In Materials & Equipment/Whitewares: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 22, Issue 2, 129. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470294673.ch22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Effects of washing"

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Schneider, Ernst, Saba Demircioglu, Susana Franco, and Dirk Therkorn. "Analysis of Compressor On-Line Washing to Optimize Gas Turbine Power Plant Performance." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59356.

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Due to compressor fouling, gas turbine efficiency decreases over time, resulting in decreased power output of the plant. To counteract the effects of compressor fouling, compressor on-line and off-line washing procedures are used. The effectiveness of compressor off-line washing is enhanced if combined with the cleaning of the VIGVs and the first compressor blade row by hand. This paper presents a thorough analysis of the effects of compressor on-line washing on the gas turbine performance. The analysis is based on the measured data of six gas turbines operated at two different plants. Different washing schedules and washing fluids are analyzed and compared. Furthermore, the effects of compressor on-line washing on the load distribution within the compressor are analyzed. The performance benefit of daily compressor on-line washing compared to weekly compressor on-line washing is quantified. As expected, daily compressor on-line washing yields the lowest power degradation caused by compressor fouling. Also, the effect of washing additives is analyzed. It is shown with long term data that compressor on-line washing cleans up to the first 11 compressor stages, as can be detected well in the compressor. With a view to gas turbine performance optimization, the recommendation is to perform compressor off-line washing at regular intervals and to take advantage of occasions such as inspections, when the gas turbine is cooled down anyhow. Especially for gas turbines with a high fouling rate, a daily compressor on-line washing schedule should be considered to reduce the power loss. For gas turbines operating with high fogging, compressor on-line washing has no added benefit. To determine the optimal compressor washing schedule, compressor blade erosion also has to be considered. A reasonable balance between compressor on-line washing and off-line washing improves the gas turbine performance and optimizes the gas turbine availability.

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Hadzhigenova, Elena, Georgi Nikolov, Elitsa Gieva, and Ivo Iliev. "Experimental Investigation of Washing Effects on the Properties of Textile Electrodes." In 2020 43rd International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isse49702.2020.9120885.

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Mund, Friederike C., and Pericles Pilidis. "Effects of Spray Parameters and Operating Conditions on an Industrial Gas Turbine Washing System." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53551.

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Gas turbines for power generation are exposed to a variety of ambient conditions and are therefore bound to breathe contaminated airflow, thus degrading the engines internal gas path. In particular, accumulated debris on the compressor blades reduces engine efficiency. To recover this performance loss, online compressor washes may be performed. Cleaning fluid is injected through the nozzles upstream of the compressor to wash off the debris from the blades. This paper presents a numerical study of a generic compressor washing system based on an application case for a heavy duty gas turbine power plant. The inlet duct of the engine was modeled and droplet trajectories were calculated. Different spray patterns including single jet and full cone have been investigated for different ranges of injection velocity and droplet size. The spray angle was evaluated experimentally and was used to model the full cone spray pattern. The boundary conditions for the airflow were iterated with a performance simulation tool to match pressure loss and mass flow. To investigate the effect of different operating conditions on the airflow and spray distribution, an installation scenario of the engine at altitude on a hot summer day was modeled. The scenario was based on a review of plant installations and local meteorological conditions. Fluid concentration plots at the compressor inlet plane were evaluated for the different computational cases. Generally with lower injection momentum, the water droplets were significantly deflected by the main airflow. Higher injection velocity and droplet size reduced the effect of the main airflow. Different operating conditions and the significant change of air mass flow affected the spray distribution of the washing system at the compressor inlet. This can be compensated by adjusting the injection angles.

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Patterson, Jeffrey S., and Soren K. Spring. "On-Line Detergent Washing: Reducing the Environmental Effects on the LCAC Gas Turbine Engines." In ASME 1992 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/92-gt-269.

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The Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC) gas turbine engines operate in an extremely harsh environment and are exposed to excessive amounts of foreign contaminants. The present method of crank washing is effective when properly performed, but is labor intensive and increases craft downtime. Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station (NAVSSES) designed and installed a prototype on-line detergent wash system which reduced maintenance and craft downtime. Initial test results indicated that the system reduced engine performance degradation and corrosion.

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Igie, Uyioghosa, Pericles Pilidis, Dimitrios Fouflias, Ken Ramsden, and Paul Lambart. "On-Line Compressor Cascade Washing for Gas Turbine Performance Investigation." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46210.

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On-line compressor washing for industrial gas turbine application is a promising method of mitigating the effects of compressor fouling degradation; however there are still few studies from actual engine experience that are inconclusive. In some cases the authors attribute this uncertainty as a result of other existing forms of degradation. The experimental approach applied here is one of the first of its kind, employing on-line washing on a compressor cascade and then relating the characteristics to a three-dimensional axial flow compressor. The overall performance of a 226MW engine model for the different cases of a clean, fouled and washed engine is obtained based on the changing compressor behavior. Investigating the effects of fouling on the clean engine exposed to blade roughness of 102μm caused 8.7% reduction in power at design point. This is equivalent, typically to 12 months degradation in fouling conditions. Decreases in mass flow, compressor efficiency, pressure ratio and unattainable design point speed are also observed. An optimistic recovery of 50% of the lost power is obtained after washing which lasts up to 10mins. Similarly, a recovery of all the key parameters is achieved. The study provides an insight into compressor cascade blade washing, which facilitates a reliable estimation of compressor overall efficiency penalties based on well established assumptions. Adopting Howell’s theory as well as constant polytropic efficiency, a general understanding of turbomachinery would judge that 50% of lost power recovered is likely to be the high end of what is achievable for the existing high pressure wash. This investigation highlights the obvious benefits of power recovery with on-line washing and the potential to maintain optimum engine performance with frequent washes. Clearly, the greatest benefits accrue when the washing process is initiated immediately following overhaul.

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Sun, Liping, Zhiyou Niu, Gang Ma, and Yang Li. "Risk Evaluation of Explosion in FPSO Based on Failure Model and Effect Analysis." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54144.

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As large offshore drilling facility, Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) faces with the risk of oil & gas leakage and subsequent effects (e.g. fire and explosion). In order to assess FPSO gas leakage and subsequent chain effects risk scientifically, a FPSO topsides is analyzed, and Failure Model and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method is applied to find out which equipment has high Risk Priority Number (RPN). The results show that gas washing pry of FPSO in operation phase has high RPN and needs significant attention. In this paper, CFD-model of FPSO topsides is established based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) theory. The leak rate of gas with specified hole diameter is calculated based on appropriate leak source model according to the actual operating conditions of gas washing pry. Then based on the simulation results diffusion behavior is analyzed, as well as distribution law of gas and the hazardous area of gas of gas washing pry under the leakage conditions. Furthermore, one explosion model is selected, and then damaging over-pressure of explosion on each equipment surface and the variation trend and influence scope of explosion over-pressure are derived to evaluate personnel and equipment risk. Targeted technical measures will be put forward to reduce risk.

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Alekhin, Sergey Nikolaevich, and Aleksey Sergeevich Alekhin. "Features of the dynamics of washing machines, taking into account accidental effects on the hanging part." In X International Research-to-practice conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-118944.

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Briganti, Domenica Federica, Beatrice Aramini, Carla Kim, Robin Chan, Bowen Zhou, Somwmya Sreekanth, Kashif Raza, et al. "Effects of infections on lipidomic profile of bronchial washing (BW) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) after lung transplantation." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.oa3336.

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Tap, Alper, Liridon Xheladini, Tasdemir Asan, Murat Imeryuz, Murat Yilmaz, and Lale T. Ergene. "Effects of the rotor design parameters on the torque production of a PMaSynRM for washing machine applications." In 2017 International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM) & 2017 Intl Aegean Conference on Electrical Machines and Power Electronics (ACEMP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/optim.2017.7974998.

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Fabbri, Andrea, Alberto Traverso, and Silvio Cafaro. "Compressor Performance Recovery Systems: A New Thermoeconomic Approach." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45121.

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Compressor fouling in a Gas Turbine (GT) is an important issue which has to be studied to define compressor performance and GT reliability. Three main aspects have to be taken into account: the type of pollutants that could enter into the compressor, with their possible effects such as blade erosion and/or corrosion; the power and efficiency losses caused by fouling;the economic loss due to increase in fuel consumption and reduction in power output. Two main solutions can be considered for reducing the fouling effect and restoring compressor performance: compressor washing and the High Efficiency Particulate Air filter (HEPA). The choice of the most effective devices for each power plant is not trivial, because of the great number of parameters to be taken into account. The aim of this study is to provide a guide to identifying and managing the best washing or filter devices for a GT in a specific power plant site, using information from the literature and GT user data from European Turbine Network (ETN) members. Two procedures were designed in order to have a user friendly tool: “Best Cleaning Devices” was developed to help GT users in the choice of the best devices for recovering compressor performance. “Best Cleaning Time” is based on the “Best maintenance time” theory and it provides the user with an estimate about the best time to perform compressor off-line or on-line washing. The procedures are explained in detail and tested on some real cases.

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Reports on the topic "Effects of washing"

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Flaaen, Aaron, Ali Hortaçsu, and Felix Tintelnot. The Production Relocation and Price Effects of U.S. Trade Policy: The Case of Washing Machines. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25767.

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Cline, S. R., B. E. Reed, and R. E. Moore. The effect of contaminant aging upon soil washing removal efficiencies for lead contaminated soils. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10185469.

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