Dissertations / Theses: 'Effects of sleep'

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Aeschbach, Daniel. "Dynamics of the human sleep electroencephalogram : effects of hypnotics, sleep deprivation, and habitual sleep length /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1995. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=11177.

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Dopp, Austin. "Relative Effects of Sleep Hygiene Behavior and Physical Exercise on Sleep Quality." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6837.

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Numerous studies have shown the relationship between sleep and overall health. A common measure of sleep is sleep quality which has been shown to be influenced by a variety of factors such as physical activity, diet, stress, social engagement, cognitive stimulating, and sleep hygiene behaviors. Data was analyzed from a previous study to determine whether trying to change one’s sleep would improve sleep quality and if this was more effective than physical exercise. A group of 104 individuals, randomized to the treatment group, were asked to log their daily activities, via smartphone app, within these six behavioral domains for six months. Behavioral change scores were computed as the difference between six-month behavioral level and baseline behavioral level, for each of the six domains. Factor analysis that revealed that two latent factors explained the majority of the variance in behavioral change, with a "Physical Body Related behavior change” factor ("Physical") and a "Mental/Emotional" behavior change factor ("Mental"). In linear regression models, Physical significantly predicted sleep quality improvement over the six months (p=.029), but Mental did not (p=.606). In the middle aged adults in this study, the behavioral change pattern of increasing diet quality and physical activity, significantly predicted improvements in sleep quality. While efforts to improve one's cognitive and emotional well-being were not found to predict to sleep improvement, they still may be important for cognitive health overall. This information can prove useful as different interventions and programs are implemented to improve sleep in the population.

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Wintner, Birgit. ""Night, night, sleep tight" : Effects of exercise and light on sleep physiology." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15510.

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Kim, Yee Yan. "Effects of sleep loss and sleep recovery on mood and mood regulation." Thesis, Kim, Yee Yan (2018) Effects of sleep loss and sleep recovery on mood and mood regulation. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41850/.

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Acute sleep deprivation has been found to cause a wide range of negative emotional consequences. However, less is known about how sleep-deprived individuals cope emotionally after such a drastic change, or about the timeframe it takes to recover from the emotional consequences of sleep deprivation. This thesis addresses these questions, as well as investigating factors that might buffer the effects of sleep deprivation and promote subsequent recovery. After three days of baseline recording, a sample of 63 healthy undergraduates underwent 24 hours of sleep deprivation in a naturalistic setting. Their recovery, in terms of mood, mood regulation and cognitive alertness, was tracked for the next three days. To account for any effect of overnight activities, the participants also recorded their perceived exertion and enjoyment levels for activities undertaken during the sleep deprivation period. On each of the three recovery days, they also recorded their use of recovery strategies (i.e., daytime napping, night sleep extension, caffeine consumption). Investigation 1 demonstrated that sleep deprivation had greater deleterious effects on positive affect than negative affect, and created an indeterminate state where the sleep-deprived person rejected their worsened mood yet did not act to repair it. Investigation 2 showed that a large degree of emotional recovery was achieved one day after sleep deprivation, and also revealed evidence that older age might mitigate against the effects of sleep deprivation and accelerate subsequent recovery. Collectively, Investigations 2 and 3 identified behavioural factors that might mitigate sleep deprivation effects and enhance subsequent emotional recovery, within a naturalistic setting. For the effects of sleep deprivation, the results of path analyses revealed that higher perceived physical and mental exertion during overnight activities predicted less emotional and cognitive decline immediately after sleep deprivation, even after controlling for perceived enjoyment of activities. During the recovery period, daytime napping predicted greater recovery from negative affect the following day, whereas night sleep extension and caffeine consumption did not; positive affect recovery was not associated with use of any strategy. Investigation 4 showed that the recovery detected one day after sleep deprivation in Investigation 2 was largely maintained three days after sleep deprivation; however, positive affect did not fully recover in this timeframe, and delayed changes were detected in fatigue and the mood maintenance aspect of regulation. Investigation 5 showed that mood maintenance became less responsive to mood immediately after sleep deprivation, relative to the baseline phase, and that sleep deprivation also attenuated the positive association between mood repair and mood the following day, as compared to baseline. This research demonstrated that 24 hours of sleep deprivation not only caused severe mood deterioration, it also impaired the ability to regulate mood by disrupting the usual responsiveness of mood regulation to mood input and regulatory outcomes. The research also provided support for many of Mayer and Stevens’ (1994) tenets of mood regulation, and suggested some important developments to their theory, including the need for greater attention to low positive affect in the context of sleep deprivation and its potential direct effects on mood regulation.

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Wilson, Shannae Louise. "Effects on sleep-state organisation of a behavioural intervention for infant sleep disturbance." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8044.

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Establishing healthy sleep-wake patterns early in infancy is vitally important as sleep problems can persist. Behavioural sleep interventions such as the parental presence procedure are well established and have been found to improve infant sleep as determined by parent report. The exact nature of this improvement is, however, unclear. Sleep consolidation, sleep-state organisation, and self-soothing are thought likely to change after intervention; however, no known research has comprehensively determined which of these variables change as infant sleep changes in response to intervention. Three participants aged between 7 to 11 months who met the criteria for Infant Sleep Disturbance (ISD) were referred by a Health Centre and the parental presence behavioural sleep intervention was implemented. Parental report and videosomonography (VSG) data were used to measure sleep before and after intervention. While parental report is limited in that parents can only report what they can hear and/or see, VSG offers a tool that can be used to measure sleep-state organisation, state changes, and periods when the infant is awake and quiet. The present research found that infants’ sleep became more consolidated resulting in fewer sleep-wake transitions and night wakings. Infants who had difficulties initiating sleep on their own also demonstrated decrease in Sleep Onset Delay (SOD). Furthermore, infants were found to sleep through a greater number of sleep-state transitions and sleep for a greater duration of time before waking. Collectively this research provides some evidence that changing parental behaviours to those that promote self-initiation through self-soothing and consistency, can change sleep-state organisation and improve self-soothing.

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Alamian, Arsham, Liang Wang, Amber M. Hall, Melanie Pitts, and Joseph Ikekwere. "Infant Sleep Problems and Childhood Overweight: Effects of Three Definitions of Sleep Problems." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1375.

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Sleep problems have been defined using a variety of definitions. No study has assessed the longitudinal association between infant sleep problems and childhood overweight or obesity using existing definitions of sleep problems. This study used longitudinal data (n=895) from the multi-site Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) to investigate the effects of infant sleep problems on childhood weight status in Grade 6. Infants with sleep problems in Phase I (1991) and with complete data through Phase III (2004) of SECCYD were included. Sleep problems were assessed using maternal reports of night wakings and duration of a waking episode. Sleep problems were defined using Richman (1981), Lozoff et al. (1985), and Zuckerman et al. (1987) definitions. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between sleep problems during infancy and childhood weight status in Grade 6 while controlling for birth weight, race, sex, breastfeeding, maternal poverty, family structure, and maternal education. After adjusting for all covariates, children with a history of sleep problems were found to be overweight in Grade 6 using Zukerman et al. (Odds ratio (OR)=1.68; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–2.55) and Richman (OR=1.76; 95% CI: 1.05–2.97) definitions, but not using Lozoff et al. definition. Infant sleep problems were not found to be associated with being obese. The study found differential effects of infant sleep problems on childhood overweight in Grade 6 per different definitions of sleep problems. Findings highlight the need to construct a single definition of infant sleep problems.

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Andersson, Pernilla. "Sleep and Its Effects on Synaptic Strength." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-11342.

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Shaw, Aaron Robert James. "Sleep, anxiety and the effects on cognition." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2018. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/114458/.

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Poor sleep and high levels of anxiety have a detrimental effect on cognitive functioning. However, very little is known about what cognitive functions are affected by poor sleep or high levels of anxiety and if some are more affected than others. This thesis informs the understanding of poor sleep and anxiety with a focus on generalised anxiety disorder and how they affect specific cognitive functioning namely Attention and Working Memory. Chapter one is a systematic literature review of the qualitative research exploring how sleep deprivation impacts on the cognitive functioning of people with Autistic Spectrum Conditions (ASC) and the principal challenges associated with trying to study the impact of sleep deprivation in people with ASC. Following both database and manual searches, fifteen studies were included and reviewed. The review highlights the suggestions that poor sleep has a detrimental effect on the cognitive functioning of people with ASC. Also, the use of objective and subjective measures of sleep was discussed to help in the early detection of these problems and considerations of carers and families was reviewed. Future research/clinical implications are discussed. Chapter two is a quantitative research study that investigated the combined effects of GAD and poor sleep on Attention and Working Memory. Sleep quality and quantity were assessed using subjective and objective measures of sleep. Attention and Working Memory was measured using various neuropsychological measures. Groups were compared for differences in cognitive scores using a non-parametric test. Relationships between GAD-7 scores, sleep quality/quantity and cognition scores were investigated using correlation analyses. Implications for future research and clinical implications are discussed. Chapter three is a reflective account, exploring the role of reflexivity in personal and professional development during the research process.

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Knox, Joshua Adam. "Context effects examined imagination, sleep experiences, dissociation, and schizotypy /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.

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Winans, Shannon Marie. "Effects of Total Sleep Time and Sleep Schedule Alignment on Cognitive Functioning in Adolescents." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579039.

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Recently, adolescent sleep research has produced conflicting results about the effect of sleep on cognition in this age group. Some have proposed that adolescents possess a mechanism for cognitive resiliency that allows their cognitive performance to remain stable despite restricted sleep. Others maintain that the conflicting outcomes stem from the sleep/wake parameters traditionally used in sleep research that are rarely adjusted to allow for natural adolescent sleep rhythms, which may be masking the true effect of inadequate sleep on adolescent cognitive functioning. This study aims to elucidate these two theories by comparing both sleep time and sleep rhythm alignment with cognitive functioning. We tracked 16 adolescents' sleep for one week and determined their sleep time and whether they were sleeping in alignment with their natural sleep rhythms. Both of these variables were then compared to subjects' performance on an n-back task of working memory on Monday morning. The results showed that neither sleep amount nor natural sleep rhythm alignment were able to predict any measure of the working memory test. These results support the theory of a cognitive resiliency mechanism in adolescents, and do not support sleep rhythm misalignment as a significant confounding variable in previous adolescent sleep studies.

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Dingwall, Kylie. "Effects of medication on the sleep architecture of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19264.pdf.

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Iannos, Helena. "The effects of severe sleep deprivation on daytime sleepiness, sleep and recovery of young adults /." Title page and abstract only, 2005. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbi117.pdf.

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Smyth, Taylor Stephen. "Losing Sleep: A Preliminary Investigation of the Cognitive Effects that Arise from Polyphasic Sleep Cycles." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297764.

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A four week investigation of the cognitive and physiological effects that polyphasic sleep had on a human subject. The subject was put onto Uberman’s sleep schedule and took cognitive tests for four weeks measuring memory, concentration and problem solving skills. Additionally weight, food intake, and dreams were recorded. After two weeks exercise one hour of anaerobic exercise was introduced. From the data recorded there was no significant variance in cognitive ability due to change of sleep pattern yet there was a noticeable weight change.

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Mukherjee, Sanjib. "The effects of alcohol on sleep in rats." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2008/s_mukherjee_120508.pdf.

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Snyder, Sephra L. "The effects of sleep deprivation on individual productivity." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2003. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=253.

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Weeks, Terri-Lee. "The effects of sleep loss on executive functioning." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13778.

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Most sleep loss research has concentrated on long duration, repeated measures performance of low-level, monotonous tasks, such as vigilance and reaction time, in support of the theory that sleep loss induces a decline in Non-Specific arousal while having no specific effects on functioning. Numerous studies have shown the beneficial effects of caffeine on this type of performance measure. Recent studies have been conducted on executive functioning tasks that are short, novel, and stimulating. These measures display a sensitivity to sleep loss after 36h that is not compensated by waking countermeasures such as motivation and caffeine. These findings suggest Specific effects of sleep loss, contrary to the Non-Specific theory, particularly on tasks associated with frontal lobe activation. Similarities between performance deficits following brain lesions and those observed in sleep loss subjects form the basis of a neuropsychological model of sleep function. This thesis was an endeavour to document the findings of executive functioning sensitivity following 27 and 36 hours of sleep loss, testing the effect of two common countermeasures, caffeine and a nap. It was established that the critical period of sleep loss for executive functioning performance is at 36 hours. Sleep deprivation effects for periods shorter than 36 hours can be countered by a waking countermeasure, caffeine. It was further established that a 2-hour prophylactic nap opportunity inhibited sleep deprivation effects at 36-hr performance testing for executive functions. The systematic analysis of the effects of sleep loss on language skill, a complex task which is possibly an executive functioning task associated with frontal lobe activation but largely neglected in the literature, detected an increase in variability in language skill, and a propensity towards production errors in speech, but not writing, at 36 hours without sleep. This effect was not observed at 27 hours. The findings are discussed in support of a hypothetical consolidated model of Specific and Non-Specific Effects of sleep loss.

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Ji, S. "The effects of sleep on wellbeing and cognition." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10049531/.

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This thesis investigated sleep and memory in middle aged women (42-59 years old), a demographic group who is experiencing a reduction in ovarian hormones and is particularly at risk of sleep disturbances. Also, based on the findings that sleep plays an important role in cognition, I investigated the effects of sleep on memory consolidation and skill training and whether rapid eye movement (REM) during REM sleep are involved in the consolidation process. The first chapter describes the physiology and the functions of sleep, how the circadian timing system (CTS) and sleep homeostasis influence sleep, how sleep changes across the lifespan, and how to artificially induce sleep. The second chapter describes the general methods in assessing sleep and conducting sleep experiments. The third chapter provides a descriptive account of sleep in middle-aged and menopausal women. The results show that a range of menopausal related symptoms but not menopausal status predict sleep quality. Chapter 4 addressed the question of whether there is a difference in sleep architecture between premenopausal and menopausal women during a nap and whether the nap helps to improve declarative memory performance. The results show that menopausal women performed significantly worse than premenopausal women in the memory task in both the nap and non-nap conditions, despite having had more N2 sleep. Chapter 5 investigated the facilitating effects of sleep on cognitive training that involves higher order executive functions, and the time course for cognitive training. Results show that sleep significantly facilitated the improvement in task-switching task. Chapter 6 investigated REMs during REM sleep. This study provides the first evidence that REMs during REM sleep are affected by previously learnt materials prior to sleep and these REMs are related to improved memory performance. The last chapter provides a general discussion of these experiments and future directions.

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Liao, Wen-Chun. "Effects of warm foot bathing on distal-proximal skin temperature gradient, PSG sleep and perceived sleep quality in older adults with sleep disturbance /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7352.

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Brooks, Dina. "The effects of obstructive sleep apnea on blood pressure." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ27881.pdf.

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Chau, Fung-ling Jenny, and 周鳳玲. "Effects of partial sleep deprivation on gastric mucosal damage." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31224064.

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Moss, James. "Physiological effects of treatments in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2013. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20763/.

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The original research in this thesis aimed to investigate physiological effects of different treatment approaches in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). OSAS is a prevalent public health concern independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Specifically, study 1 examined the feasibility of conducting a pragmatic lifestyle intervention in patients reporting compliance with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and collected provisional data about its efficacy, and study 2 investigated the physiological effects of low compliance to CPAP therapy in a four-arm observational study. The intervention in study 1 involved supervised exercise, dietary advice and behaviour change counselling. Primary outcome measures were recruitment, retention and compliance data and secondary outcome measures assessed anthropometrics, cardiovascular risk, quality of life and exercise capacity. Study 2 investigated macro-and microvascular function, anthropometrics, quality of life, cardiovascular risk and exercise capacity. The novel findings of this research were: 1) the lifestyle intervention was feasible to deliver; 2) the intervention improved key health outcomes such as exercise capacity (A +16%) and serum C-reactive protein (A -57%), which were maintained after 3 months of independence (A +22% and -57%, respectively); 3) self-reported CPAP compliance is an unreliable indicator of actual compliance; 4) it is difficult to recruit low-compliance patients onto research trials, and recruiting newly diagnosed patients is also difficult without interrupting the patient pathway; 5) vascular function seems impaired in low-compliance patients versus high-compliance patients, although further work is needed to confirm this. These findings contribute to the growing evidence base for the role of lifestyle intervention in OSAS, and provide provisional data on the effects of low compliance to CPAP therapy on vascular endothelial function. In summary, future research investigating pragmatic lifestyle interventions in OSAS and the physiological effects of low-compliance to CPAP is certainly warranted.

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Chau, Fung-ling. "Effects of partial sleep deprivation on gastric mucosal damage." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22505453.

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Tripp, Hayley. "The effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields on the circadian system." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288646.

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Galli, Megan M. "The effects of child care quality on preschoolers' sleep patterns." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1442875.

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Urquhart, Robert. "Explaining the performance effects of sleep deprivation : a potential refinement /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsu79.pdf.

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Savic, Natasha R. "Thermoregulation and human sleep initiation : effects of evening melatonin manipulation /." Title page and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09HS/09hss267.pdf.

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Lederle, Katharina. "Light effects on sleep, activity and mood in older people." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529426.

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Vennelaganti, Swetha. "AGING AND SLEEP STAGE EFFECTS ON ENTROPY OF ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM SIGNALS." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/553.

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The aging brain is characterized by alteration in synaptic contacts, which leads to decline of motor and cognitive functions. These changes are reflected in the age related shifts in power spectrum of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in both wakefulness and sleep. Various non-linear measures have been used to obtain more insights from EEG analysis compared to the conventional spectral analysis. In our study we used Sample Entropy to quantify regularity of the EEG signal. Because elderly subjects arouse from sleep more often than younger subjects, we hypothesized that Entropy of EEG signals from elderly subjects would be higher than that from middle aged subjects, within a sleep stage. We also hypothesized that the entropy increases during and following an arousal and does not return to background levels immediately after an arousal. Our results show that Sample Entropy varies systematically with sleep state in healthy middle-aged and elderly female subjects, reflecting the changing regularity in the EEG. Sample Entropy is significantly higher in elderly in sleep Stage 2 and REM, suggesting that in these two sleep stages the cortical state is closer to wake than in middle-aged women. Sample Entropy is higher in post-arousal compared to the pre-arousal and stays high for a 30 sec period.

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Chien, Rosanne Wei-Ling. "Effects of sleep schedule on training of executive function skills." Thesis, Indiana University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3637007.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sleep schedule on the learning trajectories, acquisition, and consolidation for preschoolers participating in a training program targeting attention. This study expanded on current literature by examining the effect of training attention skills and focused on sleep in preschoolers using an experimental design. Explorations of how changes in bedtime play a role in training attention in preschoolers were made.

Sleep is important for daytime functioning and sleep loss has many implications, including risk for poorer academic performance and learning. Early intervention and preventive measures addressing executive functions can help children better manage their behaviors in work and play situations. Studies have shown that attention skills in children can be trained. This study expanded on current literature by assessing the generalization of attention training to other executive function skills, such as inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. Research has mainly focused on inhibition and working memory, and more recently, attention. To hopefully improve understanding of the attention skills in preschoolers, an additional variable of sleep restriction was evaluated.

Findings indicated, contrary to initial prediction, that children who were sleep restricted performed better during post-test assessment compared to children who followed their typical bedtime schedules. Sleep restricted preschoolers performed better in all executive function areas that were assessed in this study, which included inhibition, cognitive flexibility, working memory, and attention. Findings revealed that acute sleep restriction in preschoolers increased the effects of attention training. Differences in findings from this study and other studies are addressed.

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Chen, Jennifer. "The Effects of Sleep on an Emotional Memory Trade-off." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1386.

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Thesis advisor: Elizabeth Kensinger
Thesis advisor: Katherine Mickley
Current research suggests that viewing complex scenes composed of a background and a negative, centralized image results in an emotion-induced memory trade-off. This trade-off is often characterized by high rates of memory accuracy for negative central images at the expense of a neutral background. In the present study, I explored whether the same trade-off effect is present for positive emotional stimuli. Therefore, when viewing complex scenes composed of a background and a positive central image, do people tend to remember the positive image more than they do the background? I examined two related research questions: (1) will positive scene components elicit an emotional memory trade-off effect? and (2) how does the passage of time, with and without sleep, influence positive scene components in comparison to negative scene components? Participants were separated into a sleep group and a wake group. The experiment consisted of two parts: the first was a viewing of 90 compound scenes and the second included a memory recognition test. Although the trade-off effect was present for negative valence items as well as positive objects, no main group effect was found. In other words, the emotional memory trade-off effect was not enhanced with sleep
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Psychology Honors Program
Discipline: Psychology

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Gudberg, Christel Alessandra. "Effects of age on sleep and consolidation of motor learning." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4537a396-3947-4afb-be46-92105d17000a.

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Background: Our ability to consolidate what we learn changes with age. However, little is known about the neurophysiological underpinnings of consolidation of motor learning in ageing. This is largely because studies have repeatedly demonstrated a deficit in sleep-dependent consolidation of motor learning in older adults. This thesis aims to reassess commonly held assumptions about consolidation in ageing, as well as to examine the neurophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms that support the learning and consolidation processes. Methods: Most of the studies in this thesis are based on the design of a novel whole-hand task for use in older adults, which reduces dependency on fine motor skill. This thesis adopts a number of converging measures to examine learning and memory including electroencephalograhy (EEG), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), actigraphy recordings, as well as behavioural and self-reported measures of sleep. Results: Findings show significant improvements in learning with the adapted motor task in older adults. Importantly, this task reveals significant sleep- dependent enhancements in older adults, which are comparable to those seen in younger controls. Functional changes in sleep architecture with ageing show overall decline in slow wave sleep. Sleep-dependent improvements were specifically associated with activity in stage 3 slow wave sleep and increased hemispheric differences regardless of age. Changes in GABA concentrations with learning on a visuomotor tracking task showed marked variability across participants, and no clear associations were found between GABA and consolidation. Conclusion: The evidence presented in this thesis highlight the complex dynamics underlying sleep consolidation, and challenges a commonly held assumption about consolidation in older adults. Specifically, the studies presented here show that observed declines in motor consolidation with ageing may be contaminated by age-related deficits fine motor skill. By removing such kinematic constraints, it was possible to detect marked improvements in motor performance also in older adults despite age-related changes in sleep architecture.

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Tamminen, Jakke. "Learning new words : effects of meaning, memory consolidation, and sleep." Thesis, University of York, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/866/.

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Although encountering novel words in one's own language in adulthood is not an uncommon event, the relevant cognitive processes have become the target of systematic investigation only in recent years. This thesis addressed three main questions regarding word learning. The first was concerned with the role of meaning: to what degree is meaning necessary in integrating new representations in the lexicon? Experiments 1-3 suggested that meaning is indeed important. In the absence of trained meaning novel words may "inherit" the meaning of neighbouring familiar words, possibly explaining some seemingly incompatible reports in the literature (Experiment 1). Experiment 3 showed that such inherited meaning is sufficient to allow integration of novel words in the lexicon. Having established the importance of meaning in lexical integration, the thesis moved to the second question: does knowledge of novel word meanings benefit from offline memory consolidation? Experiments 4-7 suggested that this is the case. Experiment 4 showed that consolidated novel words elicited faster semantic decisions than words learned just before testing, while Experiment 5 showed that cued recall of word forms is also enhanced over time. Experiments 6-7 refined these conclusions by using semantic priming paradigms, showing that novel word primes facilitate processing of semantically associated familiar words after a period of offline consolidation has been allowed to operate over an extended period of time involving several days and/or nights. The third question focused on the role of sleep in the consolidation of novel words: which aspects of sleep architecture are associated with lexical integration? Experiment 8 looked at sleep during the night after word learning and sought to clarify the roles sleep spindles and different sleep stages play in word learning. Spindle activity was associated with the emergence of lexical competition effects, suggesting that sleep has an active role in word learning, and that spindles in particular are associated with lexical integration. These effects were interpreted in light of complementary learning systems theories.

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Cort-Blackson, Maureen. "The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Online University Students' Performance." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5547.

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Sleep deprivation affects the academic performance of online university students, and students who have family responsibilities and a full-time job have a higher prevalence of sleep deprivation. This phenomenological study examined the lived experiences of online university students regarding sleep patterns, sleep deprivation, and the impact on their academic performance. The theoretical foundation for this study was based on the opponent processing model that explains the 2 fundamental processes necessary for individuals to function at their optimum ability: the sleep-wake homeostatic process and the circadian rhythm processes. The research question explored the beliefs and perceptions of 10 online university students, while the sub questions focused on how distractions, social media, family, and work-related duties affected their sleep patterns. Purposeful sampling was used to recruit the participants who were current online university students, with a full time job, a family and family responsibilities. Data were analyzed through pattern coding and structural analysis. Four themes emerged from the analysis of the data: the effects of sleep deprivation, adjustment to daily lives, factors affecting sleep deprivation, and impressions of online education. Results demonstrated that sleep deprivation causes tiredness, sluggish thinking and cranky responses. Positive social change can be achieved if the 10 participants participate in building a community of online university students who will maintain an alumni base that can foster mentoring and empowering others to decrease sleep deprivation that helps in maintaining good academic standards.

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Archibald, Keith. "Effects of noise, temperature, humidity, motion and light on the sleep patterns of the Crew of HSV-2 SWIFT." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FArchibald.pdf.

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Tucker, Adrienne. "The effects of sleep loss on dissociated components of executive functioning." [Pullman, Wash.] : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2008/a_tucker_081408.pdf.

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Glenn, L. Lee, and Stephanie I. M. Quillin. "Opposing Effects of Maternal and Paternal Socioeconomic Status on Neonatal Feeding Method, Place of Sleep, and Maternal Sleep Time." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7519.

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OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to compare the relative influence of the socioeconomic status of both mothers and fathers on feeding method and cosleeping. METHODS: The time and method of feeding and sleeping were recorded in a log during the 4th-week postpartum and analyzed according to the parental Hollingshead Index of Social Position in 33 families with their first newborn. RESULTS: The effect of socioeconomic status on feeding and sleep was parent specific. Low socioeconomic status of the mother, but not the father, was associated with cosleeping (t ≤ 2.39, P < .01); whereas, a low socioeconomic status of the father, but not the mother, was associated with bottle-feeding rather than breast-feeding (t ≤ 1.94, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic status of the parents differentially affects neonatal care. Programs to increase breast-feeding rates would be most effective if designed for and aimed at the fathers. Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

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Nguyen, John Loc. "The effects of reversing sleep-wake cycles on sleep and fatigue on the crew of USS John C. Stennis." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02sep%5FNguyen.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2002.
Thesis advisor(s): Nita L. Miller, Samuel E. Buttrey, Susan M. Sanchez. Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-149). Also available online.

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Cary, Doug. "The Effects of Changing Sleep Posture on Spinal Symptoms and Quality of Sleep in Cervical and Lumbar Symptomatic Participants." Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/79406.

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Patients presenting with waking spinal symptoms to medical services, are a common clinical occurrence, yet treatment is largely based on anecdotal information. A validated measure of sleep posture was developed and used to assess sleep posture in non-symptomatic and symptomatic patients. Differences in sleep routines were noted at baseline and following a sleep posture intervention, sleep posture improved in the symptomatic groups. Further, waking symptoms and sleep quality also improved to 16 weeks follow-up.

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Stanley, Brooke Leigh. "Effects of Sleep Habits on Children Displaying Behavioral Problems in School." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1311087124.

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Hague, Jonathan. "The effects of exercise cessation on subsequent sleep in trained athletes /." Title page and summary only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbh1468.pdf.

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Zaregarizi, Mohammad Reza. "Effects of exercise and subsequent daytime sleep on human haemodynamic function." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502763.

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Clarke, Amy Elizabeth. "Effects of feeding method on infant sleep consolidation across 12 months." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Psychology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9758.

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The aims of this research were to examine the effects of infant feeding method on sleep development across the first twelve months of life, and to determine whether there are differences in sleep development between infants who are exclusively breastfed and those who are not. The participants were 52 infants and their parents. Parents completed sleep diaries for six consecutive nights once a month, for 12 months starting at one month of age, recording infant and parent sleep-related behaviours. It was predicted that infants who were breastfed for a longer period would have higher instances of night waking, would take longer to achieve the three criteria for sleeping through the night, and would have higher Composite Sleep Scores (Richman, 1981) than their non-breastfed counterparts. There was an unexpected high rate of breastfeeding in the sample of infants across the first 12 months. The breastfed infants displayed less night waking than their mixed or bottle-fed counterparts before three months of age, but more night waking after three months for the remainder of the study. They also took longer to reach each of the three sleeping through the night criteria. However, two subsets appeared within the breastfeeding group - those infants who experienced consolidated sleep earlier than six months of age, and those who did not. This finding demonstrated that breastfed infants are capable of sleeping through the night from an early age, contrary to what previous literature suggests.

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Haran, Imelda Clare. "An investigation into the effects of sleep deprivation on driving performance." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414071.

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Warley, A. R. "Sleep apnoea : prevalence in essential hypertension and effects on renal function." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47295.

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Araujo, Cynthia Berenice. "The Effects of Sleep for Generalization in 12 Month-Old Infants." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555522.

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Since infants over-specify acoustic details, segregate exemplars by talker voice, and need enough variation to generalize across exemplars, it has been questioned whether sleep would promote generalization in 12-month-old infants even after they have been exposed to multiple speakers. In order to investigate this question, we placed infants in either a nap or non-nap condition to test whether they were able to generalize only after napping. Sleep was expected to result in retention of the grammatical pattern over acoustic details such as talker voice. These results were not expected for infants who did not nap after being familiarized with a grammatical structure and who remained awake between training and testing for an equal amount of time as the infants who napped. The average looking times between grammatical structures were compared to determine the presence of any significant variation. The current data show nonsignificant generalization in both nap and no nap conditions. Even after outlier elimination the data still demonstrate non-significant results. Tasks completed during wake hours in both nap and no nap conditions are considered as limitations.

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Tham, Elaine Kwang Hsia. "Effects of sleep on memory consolidation and automaticity in word learning." Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6298/.

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Compared to sleep studies on memory consolidation, there have been limited studies investigating effects of sleep on memory integration. Memory integration occurs when long-term associations between new and existing items are formed, leading to generalization of item knowledge across new contexts. Using semantic distance and size congruity effects as measures of automatic semantic access in integrated word representations, this thesis aimed to investigate the effects of sleep on declarative knowledge integration. By examining relationships between behavioural data and sleep architecture, this thesis also aimed to investigate if sleep plays an active role in knowledge integration. Experiment 1 revealed that participants who slept after learning exhibited significantly stronger semantic distance and size congruity effects for new second language words compared to participants who remained awake. Analysis of sleep polysomnography data also revealed that the strength of semantic distance and congruity effects were positively correlated with slow-wave sleep and sleep spindles respectively. Experiments 2 and 3 examined if selective factors such as training performance and encoding strength would modulate effects of sleep-dependent memory integration. Experiment 2 found that nap-associated gains in automaticity were stronger in participants who performed poorly during training. Experiment 3 also revealed that daytime-napping selectively benefitted integration of items that were more difficult to process. Experiment 4 explored the time-course required for automatic semantic access to emerge. Results highlighted that semantic distance effects emerge rapidly, whereas, size congruity effects that were considered a purer measure of automaticity only emerged after overnight consolidation. Finally, Experiment 5 studied if the sleep-associated findings from Experiments 1-4 would be similar for numeral learning. Compared to word learning, integration of new numerals required a shorter time-course and lower levels of sleep dependence. The thesis findings were evaluated against models of memory consolidation to gain theoretical understanding on the neural changes relating to knowledge integration.

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Mead, Michael P. "Dual Effects Model of Social Control: Extending the Model to 24-Hour Health Behavior." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28590.

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The Dual Effects Model of Social Control suggests that partners can positively and negatively influence the health behaviors of their partner. However, the model fails to consider the impact of control on non-targeted health behaviors, such as sleep. The current study sought to expand this model by including sleep continuity and duration as outcomes related to control efforts targeting diet and exercise. Partner control and objective sleep data were collected via daily sleep diaries and Fitbit Charge HR. Regression models were used to test the direct and indirect effects of control on sleep duration and continuity and the extent to which affective response mediates this relationship. Negative control had a significant effect on negative affect, but not on sleep continuity or duration. Positive control had a significant effect on positive affective response, but the full mediation model was not supported. Recommendations for future research using the proposed model are discussed.

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Clark, Mary. "Straight A's and Perfect 10's: The Effects of Perfectionism and Anxiety on Sleep Disturbances and Burnout in Gymnasts." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/945.

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A common reason why athletes retire from their sport is burnout. Athletic burnout often occurs when athletes are over-trained and do not get enough rest. The present study examines the question: why is it that some athletes are able to perform at a high level for many years while others fizzle out? The purpose of the proposed study is to investigate the effects of perfectionism and anxiety on sleep disturbances and athletic burnout in high school students. The proposed method will be a correlational within-participants design and participants will be high school-age female gymnasts. The gymnasts will complete measures of perfectionism surrounding academics and athletics, anxiety, and burnout. Additionally, the gymnasts’ parents will complete measures of perfectionism and their perceptions of their child’s burnout. Athletes will then be given a sleep tracker to wear each night for a week to measure the athlete’s sleep per night. It is predicted that academic perfectionism and amount of sleep will interact to result in higher burnout levels. Additionally, it is predicted that there will be an interaction between anxiety levels and amount of sleep resulting in higher levels of burnout. The proposed study could give more insight into the mental and physiological processes behind athletic burnout. The relationship between perfectionism, anxiety, sleep, and burnout is one that requires further research but may be useful information for coaches, parents, and athletes to prevent athletic burnout.

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Hall, Chris. "An investigation of the effects of opiate withdrawal syndrome on interrogative suggestibility." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/901/.

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OKAWA, MASAKO, SOICHIRO MIYAZAKI, and EMI MORITA. "PILOT STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF A 1-DAY SLEEP EDUCATION PROGRAM: INFLUENCE ON SLEEP OF STOPPING ALCOHOL INTAKE AT BEDTIME." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16747.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Effects of sleep'

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