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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Effector design

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Academic literature on the topic 'Effector design'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Effector design"

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Han, Feng, Kui Sun, Yu Liu, and Hong Liu. "Design, testing and evaluation of an end-effector for self-relocation." Robotica 34, no. 12 (July 3, 2015): 2689–728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574715000302.

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SUMMARYTwo identical end-effectors are indispensable for self-relocation of a space manipulator, which is an effective way of extending its servicing capability. The prototype design is intimately linked to the requirements. The significant features and functionality of the end-effector and its grapple fixture are described, including the key analysis efforts. The characteristics of the end-effector and their suitability for self-relocation and payload handling were confirmed by testing, which used two prototype end-effectors, a semi-physical simulation testbed system with two, six degrees of freedom (DOF) industrial robot arms, and an air-bearing testbed system with a seven DOF manipulator. The results demonstrate that the end-effector satisfies the requirements and it can work well in a simulated space environment. With the compliance motion of the manipulator, the end-effector can perform soft capture and the manipulator can securely self-relocate and handle the payload.

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Telegenov, Kuat, Yedige Tlegenov, Shahid Hussain, and Almas Shintemirov. "Preliminary Design of a Three-Finger Underactuated Adaptive End Effector with a Breakaway Clutch Mechanism." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 27, no. 5 (October 20, 2015): 496–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2015.p0496.

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<div class=""abs_img""> <img src=""[disp_template_path]/JRM/abst-image/00270005/05.jpg"" width=""300"" /> A robotic end effector prototype</div> Commercially available robotic grippers are often expensive and not easy to modify for specific purposes of robotics research and education. To extend the choice of robotic end effectors available to researchers, this paper presents the preliminary work on prototype design and analysis of a three-finger underactuated robotic end effector with a breakaway clutch mechanism suitable for research in robot manipulation of objects for industrial and service applications. Kinematic models of the finger and the breakaway clutch mechanisms are analyzed aiming to define selection criteria of design parameters. Grasping performance of the end effector prototype manufactured with a 3D printing technology and off-the-shelf components is evaluated using simulation and experimental analyses. Comparison with widely applied available robotic end effectors shows the potential advantages of the proposed end effector design. </span>

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Wu, Jun, Shaowei Fan, Minghe Jin, Kui Sun, Cheng Zhou, and Hong Liu. "Design and experiment of a universal space-saving end-effector for multi-task operations." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 43, no. 2 (March 21, 2016): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-07-2015-0132.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the design and experiment of a universal space-saving end-effector for multi-task operations. Design/methodology/approach – The universal end-effector is equipped with capture and actuation transmission capabilities with two corresponding subsystems, which are highly integrated systems of mechanics, electronics and sensors. A trefoil-shaped capture system is developed for closed envelop. The worm gear pair is adopted for self-locking and space-saving, and it is used in a unique manner for three grapple chains’ synchronous motion. The combination of optimal straight path linkage and pantograph mechanism is proposed in the transmission system. The electrical structure and the multi-sensory system provide the foundation for control strategy. Findings – Simulations and experiments demonstrated characteristics of the universal end-effector. The compliance of the manipulator guaranteed the achievement of “soft capture” by the end-effector. Due to the self-locking property, the end-effector and the grapple interface could keep rigid connection when powered off. Practical implications – The design process takes practical requirements into consideration. Through experiments, it is proved that the proposed end-effector can be used for the multi-task operations with corresponding tools. Originality/value – Among end-effectors with operation function, the misalignment tolerance (MT) is originally regarded as a key factor. The adoptions of the worm gear pair and the linkage make it space-saving compared to conventional designs.

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Asada, H., and N. Goldfine. "End Effector Design for Robotic Grinding." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 20, no. 5 (July 1987): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)55316-1.

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Li, H. F., D. Ceglarek, and Jianjun Shi. "A Dexterous Part-Holding Model for Handling Compliant Sheet Metal Parts." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 124, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1406953.

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Material handling of compliant sheet metal parts significantly impacts both part dimensional quality and production rate in the stamping industry. This paper advances previously developed material handling end effector layout optimization methodology for rigid point end effectors [1] by developing a dexterous part-holding end effector model. This model overcomes the shortcomings of the rigid point part-holding end effector model by predicting part deformation more accurately for various modes of deformation and for a set of part-holding end effector locations. This is especially important for handling systems which utilize vacuum cup end effectors widely used for handling of large sheet metal parts. The dexterous end effector model design method and an algorithm for estimation of model parameters are developed. The algorithm combines data from design of computer simulations and from the set of experiments by integrating finite element analysis and a statistical data processing technique. Experimental studies are conducted to verify the developed model and the model parameter estimation algorithm. The developed methodology provides an analytical tool for product and process designers to accurately predict part deformation during handling, which further leads to minimization of part deformation, improvement of part dimensional quality and increase of production rate.

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Richardson, Simone I., and Penny L. Moore. "Targeting Fc effector function in vaccine design." Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets 25, no. 6 (April 6, 2021): 467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14728222.2021.1907343.

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Jackson, Shawn, Victoria Volk, and Jodi Prosise. "Novel Design for a Simple and Affordable End-Effector for an Upper-Limb Prosthesis." International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship 12, no. 1 (June 2, 2017): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ijsle.v12i1.6691.

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An affordable prosthetic arm was designed to be used in underprivileged areas to allow more upper-limb amputees to have access to prosthetics that can help them regain their independence. The primary user of the prosthesis will be the amputee(s) who receive the device; beneficiaries include the amputee’s family and the community involved in the manufacturing of future prostheses. The customer requirements include cost-effectiveness, the ability to withstand humidity, cleanability, low maintenance, long life, lightweight, and the ability to perform simple tasks independently. A new end-effector was created that meets the range-of-motion required for the user to perform his/her required tasks. The end-effector is comprised of a PVC cap, PVC coupling, wooden ball holding the tool, and two wooden stop rings. The device screws onto the forearm PVC pipe and locks into place. Four end-effectors were created: toothbrush, fork, spoon, and pen. A change-out station was created to allow the user to independently attach and detach the different end-effectors. The total cost of the device was $20.66.

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Zhu, Yingpeng, Chuanyu Wu, Junhua Tong, Jianneng Chen, Leiying He, Rongyang Wang, and Jiangming Jia. "Deviation Tolerance Performance Evaluation and Experiment of Picking End Effector for Famous Tea." Agriculture 11, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11020128.

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Accurately obtaining the posture and spatial position of tea buds through machine vision and other technologies is difficult due to the small size, different shapes, and complex growth environment of tea buds. Therefore, end effectors are prone to problems, such as picking omission and picking error. This study designs a picking end effector based on negative pressure guidance for famous tea. This end effector uses negative pressure to guide tea buds in a top-down manner, thereby correcting their posture and spatial position. Therefore, the designed end effector has deviation tolerance performance that can improve the picking success rate. The pre-experiment is designed, the tip of apical bud is referred to as the descent position, and the negative pressure range is determined to be 0.6 to 0.9 kPa. A deviation tolerance orthogonal experiment is designed. Experimental results show that various experimental factors are ranked in terms of the significance level of the effect on the average success rate, and the significance ranking is as follows: negative pressure (P) > pipe diameter (D) > descent speed (V). An evaluation method of deviation tolerance performance is presented, and the optimal experiment factor-level combination is determined as: P = 0.9 kPa, D = 34 mm, V = 20 mm/s. Within the deviation range of a 10 mm radius, the average success rate of the negative pressure guidance of the end effector is 97.36%. The designed end effector can be applied to the intelligent picking of famous tea. This study can provide a reference for the design of similar picking end effectors for famous tea.

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Seraji, H. "Design of Adaptive End-Effector Controllers for Manipulators." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 20, no. 1 (June 1987): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)59281-2.

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Wang, Guohua, Yabo Yu, and Qingchun Feng. "Design of End-effector for Tomato Robotic Harvesting." IFAC-PapersOnLine 49, no. 16 (2016): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.10.035.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Effector design"

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Fateh, Mohammad Mahdi. "End effector design and control." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342764.

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Chorley, Craig Stephen. "Glabrous skin structures for tactile end effector design." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603326.

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Unique to the sense of touch is that it is created through physical interaction. Through exploring the world with our skin we discover its properties, its shape, textures and materials, allowing us to meaningfully interact with it. This places great emphasis on the mechanical properties of our skin, the organ of touch, and no more so than the 'glabrous' skin of the finger pads and palms of our hands. Through a wide and multi-disciplinary review of touch, and observations of the macro and microstrutures of glabrous skin, this thesis develops an understanding of the key mechanical properties of this specialised skin, and presents a new hypothesis for the existence of an edge-encoding functional morphology. This thesis presents significant benefits to tactile end effector design that can be gained through mimicking the key mechanical structures of human glabrous skin. A new tactile end-effector design is presented and tested, which successfully demonstrates the capture of these key functional properties, creating a highly sensitive and accurate extraction of tactile features from a touched scene. This prototype device is both a practical and highly capable tactile sensing end effector. It achieves significant levels of compliance, sensitivity, contact surface area and strength for practical use in active exploration, and in grasping and manipulation of objects. The prototype device is strong, robust, reliable, simple and cheap to manufacture

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Dean, David L. "Design of a robotic end-effector for automated bolting." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100065.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1985.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING
Bibliography: leaf 111.
by David L. Dean, Jr.
M.S.

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Åman, Robin. "Design of an End Effector for Drilling in Automated Processes." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7323.

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In an attempt to solve a problem concerning drilling, a project was started at the universities in Linköping and Lund. As a part of the project this thesis aims to help solve the drilling problem. The goal of this thesis is to design an end effector that will help avoid slipping when drilling. The methods used were taken from David G. Ullman’s book The Mechanical Design Process. Members involved in the project were interviewed to get an understanding of the task. With that done the concept generation phase began, resulting in several concepts. With the use of evaluation methods, such as feasibility judgment and Go/No-Go screening, a final concept emerged. All of the parts and details of the concept were designed with respect for the customers’ requirements and demands.

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Cannon, Bennion Rhead. "Design and Analysis of End-Effector Systems for Scribing on Silicon." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2003. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/95.

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This thesis investigates end-effector systems used in a chemomechanical scribing process. Chemomechanical scribing is a method of patterning silicon to selectively deposit a monolayer of material on the surface of the silicon. This thesis details the development of a unique end-effector for chemomechanical scribing using a compliant mechanism solution. The end-effector is developed to scribe lines that have uniform geometry and produce less chipping on the surface of the silicon. The resulting scribing mechanism is passively controlled, has high lateral stiffness, and low axial stiffness. The mechanism is analyzed using the pseudo-rigid-body model and linear-elastic beam method to determine the axial stiffness, finite element methods to determine the lateral stiffness, and fatigue analysis to determine mechanism cycle life. This thesis also investigates the significance of mechanical factors on the chemomechanical scribing process using the compliant end-effector. The factors examined are scribing force, scribing speed, tip geometry, wafer orientation, and wetting liquid. The factors are analyzed using a two-step approach: first, an analysis of the influence of the mechanical factors on line characteristics and second, an analysis of the influence of line characteristics on line performance.

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Cannon, Bennion R. "Design and analysis of end-effector systems for scribing on silicon /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2003. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd259.pdf.

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Socha, Kevin G. "Design of a compliant end effector for grasping non-rigid materials." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17986.

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Kallenbach, Loren R. "Design and implementation of an end effector for the integrated intelligent belt manipulator." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16706.

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Venieri, Marco. "End-effector of a robotic arm for a planetary rover: the European Rover Challenge experience." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20311/.

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La tesi tratta lo sviluppo di un prototipo di end-effector di un braccio robotico per un rover spaziale al fine di partecipare ad autunno alla European Rover Challenge. Dopo aver analizzato i task richiesti dal regolamento della competizione, è stata analizzata la miglior tipologia di gripper da utilizzare, con conseguente progettazione del cinematismo di movimentazione e scelta dei materiali idonei. L’attenzione si è poi spostata all’elettronica di controllo del motore e alla scelta della sensoristica necessaria.

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Gore, Kiron Pralhad. "Design, fabrication and testing of a special purpose end effector for the task of bin-picking." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16954.

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Books on the topic "Effector design"

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Edwards, Gary Wayne. Kinematic evaluation of end effector design. Springfield, Va: Available from the National Technical Information Service, 1992.

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Mishkin, A. H. Space-based multifunctional end effector systems: Functional requirements and proposed designs. Pasadena, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1988.

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Lien, Eric J. SAR: Side effects and drug design. New York: Dekker, 1987.

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Canada. Defence Research Establishment Atlantic. Effects of Length on Warship Design. S.l: s.n, 1985.

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Cracking the whip: Essays on design and its side effects. New York: Fairchild, 2006.

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Wahl, Tony L. Design guidance for Coanda-effect screens. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 2003.

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Brandow, Gregg E. Design of reinforced masonry structures. Citrus Heights, Calif: Concrete Masonry Association of California and Nevada, 1995.

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1933-, Vergun Dimitry, ed. Seismic design of buildings. Malabar, FL: Krieger Pub. Co., 1993.

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1933-, Vergun Dimitry, ed. Seismic design of buildings. New York: Wiley, 1985.

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Cortina, Jose, and Hossein Nouri. Effect Size for ANOVA Designs. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States of America: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412984010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Effector design"

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Stary, F., V. Dynybyl, and J. Mrazek. "Reading of Operating Values of End Effector During Goods Manipulation." In The Latest Methods of Construction Design, 99–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22762-7_16.

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Indu, V., Putchala Vinay, Narjala Rohith, Kuppili Puneeth, and S. Pramod. "Design and Development of End Effector for Domestic Robots." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 353–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0146-3_33.

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Chavan, Mrunal, Prabhat Kumar, Rupesh Ghyar, Ballamudi Ravi, and P. S. Gandhi. "Tendon-Driven Detachable End-Effector Mechanism for Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) Instruments." In Design for Tomorrow—Volume 3, 619–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0084-5_51.

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Barbazza, Luca, Damiano Zanotto, Giulio Rosati, and Sunil K. Agrawal. "Optimal Design of a Reconfigurable End-Effector for Cable-Suspended Parallel Robots." In Mechanisms and Machine Science, 267–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48375-7_29.

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Matsuzawa, Takashi, Kenji Hashimoto, Tomotaka Teramachi, Kazuhiro Uryu, Xiao Sun, Shinya Hamamoto, Ayanori Koizumi, and Atsuo Takanishi. "End-Effector for Disaster Response Robot with Commonly Structured Limbs and Experiment in Climbing Vertical Ladder." In ROMANSY 21 - Robot Design, Dynamics and Control, 311–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33714-2_35.

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Derer, Stefanie, Christian Kellner, Sven Berger, Thomas Valerius, and Matthias Peipp. "Fc Engineering: Design, Expression, and Functional Characterization of Antibody Variants with Improved Effector Function." In Antibody Engineering, 519–36. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-974-7_30.

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Reinhart, G., and C. Ehinger. "Novel Robot-Based End-Effector Design for an Automated Preforming of Limb Carbon Fiber Textiles." In Future Trends in Production Engineering, 131–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24491-9_14.

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Griffa, Petro, Alessandro Filippeschi, and Carlo Alberto Avizzano. "Kinematic Optimization for the Design of a UR5 Robot End-Effector for Cardiac Tele-Ultrasonography." In Mechanisms and Machine Science, 423–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55807-9_48.

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Hu, Bingshan, Ke Cheng, Weilun Zhang, and Xinran Zhang. "Prototype Design and Performance Experiment of Passive Compliant Mechanism for the Automatic Charging Robot End Effector." In Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering, 281–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6978-4_34.

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Gijbels, A., D. Reynaerts, and E. B. Vander Poorten. "Design of 4-DOF Parallelogram-Based RCM Mechanisms with a Translational DOF Implemented Distal from the End-Effector." In Advances on Theory and Practice of Robots and Manipulators, 103–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07058-2_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Effector design"

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Tolnay, Maria´n, Viktor Olsˇavsky´, and Milan Brody. "The Layout of Manipulation Effector." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59575.

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The paper published in the anthology describes an automated selection and optimized layout of vacuum elements in manipulation effectors of industrial robots and manipulators. Computer aided selection provides the user with a complete proposal of the necessary number, size and layout of pneumatic suction cups for manipulation with flat parts of circular or rectangular shapes. The computation of the required size and number of suction cups is conditioned by safe manipulation with the object and layout optimation from the point of providing an allowable deflection of the component, the value of which is determined by the user. The paper presents the basic structure of end effectors and a brief comment on current situation in the area of gripper selection and design. In conclusion there are described possibilities of further completion of the computer aided system for vacuum gripper design.

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Rodriguez, Alberto, and Matthew T. Mason. "Effector form design for 1DOF planar actuation." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra.2013.6630599.

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Song, Xin, Huiyong Shan, Hua Liu, and Junwang Guo. "An underactuated end-effector design for fruit picking." In 2016 23rd International Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice (M2VIP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/m2vip.2016.7827262.

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Tsach, U., R. Melamed, and T. J. Garrison. "Development of a Versatile Multiple Prehension, Compliance Controlled Robotic End-Effector." In ASME 1987 Design Technology Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1987-0059.

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Abstract The development of a versatile, multiple prehension, compliance control robotic end-effector is discussed. The mechanical hand utilizes three rubber fingers which bend when their internal pressure is elevated. The hand has a reduced number of degrees of freedom which simplifies its controller. The controller has been implemented on a personal computer. The maneuverability and kinematic capabilities of the developed hand are very promising.

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Harris, Evan, Justin Buksa, Allan Schuster, Tim Kowalewski, and Julianna Abel. "Endoscopic End-Effector for Foreign Body Retrieval Using Shape Memory Alloy." In 2019 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2019-3303.

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Foreign body retrieval is potentially needed when a patient ingests foreign objects; while many of these will pass naturally, intervention may be required. The retrieval process can be done endoscopically or surgically. This paper covers the novel use of shape memory alloy to assist in endoscopic foreign body removal. Six closure methods were constructed and tested for percentage contraction. These ranged from linear actuation and memorized simple shapes to shape-set springs. Of these closure methods, a spring based architecture yielded the greatest percentage contraction but tangled during the contraction process. The design presented in this paper will enable faster and less invasive gastroenterological foreign body retrieval from the stomach.

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Bahrami, Hassan, and H. S. Tzou. "Precision Placement Analysis of a New Multi-DOF Piezoelectric End-Effector via Finite Elements." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/vib-3945.

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Abstract Piezoelectric materials are increasingly being applied to various fieldS of research and engineering applications. In recent years for example, much work has been concentrated on active vibration control of structures by incorporating piezoelectric as both sensorS and actuators. In the industry, piezoelectrics are widely being accepted as effective sensors, giving engineers more leverage to add new features to their products. In this paper, piezoelectric composite structure is studied for precision placement of a multiple degrees off freedom (DOF) end–effector per the converse piezoelectric effect. This new design of the multi–DOF cantilever beam, by attaching multiple piezoelectric rectangular rods together, will provide a way to accurately position the end of this beam structure. The computation of this advanced composite structure is done by the finite element method incorporating the piezoelectric effects.

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Sun, Jianxin, Song Ci, Jung-Hung Chien, Shi-Hyun Park, Irene H. Suh, Dmitry Oleynikov, and Ka-Shun Siu. "Innovative effector design for simulation training in robotic surgery." In 2010 3rd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2010.5639872.

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Khazani, M. M. Mohamad, M. F. Abdul Jalal, M. R. Isa, and K. S. Mohamed Sahari. "Design and development of end effector for changing bulb." In APPLIED PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER (APCOM 2019). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5118034.

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Mu, Longtao, Yadong Liu, Yongjie Cui, Haibin Liu, Lipeng Chen, Longsheng Fu, and Yoshinorib Gejima. "Design of End-effector for Kiwifruit Harvesting Robot Experiment." In 2017 Spokane, Washington July 16 - July 19, 2017. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.201700666.

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Aguilera, William M., and Mary I. Frecker. "Design and modeling of an active steerable end effector." In SPIE's 8th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Vittal S. Rao. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.436502.

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Reports on the topic "Effector design"

1

Butlin, B. Mirror Sub-Assembly End-Effector Design. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/902232.

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Pardini, A. F. System design description for the LDUA common video end effector system (CVEE). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10148233.

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Addington, Gregory A., and James H. Myatt. Control-Surface Deflection Effects on the Innovative Control Effectors (ICE 101) Design. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada383536.

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Bhagavathula, Rajaram, Ronald Gibbons, and Andrew Kassing. Roadway Lighting’s Effect on Pedestrian Safety at Intersection and Midblock Crosswalks. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-028.

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This study evaluates the visual performance of four intersection lighting designs and five midblock crosswalk lighting designs along with two pedestrian safety countermeasures (rectangular rapid flashing beacons and flashing signs) at three light levels. The study involved a pedestrian detection task, which was completed at night on a realistic roadway intersection and a midblock crosswalk. The results from the study showed that driver nighttime visual performance at intersection and midblock crosswalks was influenced by the lighting design and light level. Intersections should be illuminated to an average horizontal illuminance of 14 lux (1.3 fc). This light level ensures optimal visibility of pedestrians regardless of the lighting design (or luminaire layout) of the intersection. The average horizontal illuminance of 14 lux (1.3 fc) also increases the visibility of pedestrians when glare from oncoming vehicles is present. The 14 lux (1.3 fc) average horizontal illuminance is valid for all lighting designs evaluated except the lighting design that illuminated the exits of the intersection. When the exits of the intersection are illuminated, an average horizontal illuminance of 24 lux (2.2 fc) is needed to offset the disability glare from opposing vehicles. Midblock crosswalks should be illuminated to an average vertical illuminance of 10 lux (0.9 fc) to ensure optimal pedestrian visibility. Where overhead lighting is available, midblock crosswalk lighting designs that render the pedestrian in positive contrast are recommended. Where overhead lighting is not available, crosswalk illuminators can be used to illuminate midblock crosswalks. At night, pedestrian crossing treatments such as rectangular rapid flashing beacons and flashing signs should not be used for pedestrian visibility at midblock crosswalks. Pedestrians crossing treatments should be used in conjunction with overhead lighting or crosswalk illuminators at the established vertical illuminance to ensure optimal pedestrian visibility at midblock crosswalks.

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Arce, Eliécer, and Edgar A. Robles. Fiscal Rules and the Behavior of Public Investment in Costa Rica and Panama: Towards Growth-Friendly Fiscal Policy? Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003071.

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This paper aims to provide evidence on the effects of fiscal rules on public investment, fiscal results and growth in Costa Rica and Panama. First, we find that the budget formulation process and the political economy behind the adoption and compliance of fiscal rules explain that Panama has a bias to create and sequentially pile up rules, while Costa Rica has a tendency not to comply with them. Second, a retrospective analysis of the 2018 fiscal rules in both nations finds asymmetric effects on the fiscal results. In Panama it is difficult to separate the effect of fiscal rule designs on public investment; and, in Costa Rica, the application of the fiscal rule will decrease public investment, if the debt to GDP ratio exceeds 60 percent and current expenditure crowds out capital expenditure. Two lessons emerge. First, an effective fiscal rule compliance requires time consistent institutions, solid monitoring, enforcement schemes and improving the quality of public financial management systems. Second, it is necessary to review the design of fiscal rules in both countries to ensure they are investment and growth friendly.

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Rinehart, E. J., J. R. Rocco, and J. M. Thomsen. Design of a Combined Effects Simulator. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada195964.

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Villamizar-Villegas, Mauricio, and Yasin Kursat Onder. Uncovering Time-Specific Heterogeneity in Regression Discontinuity Designs. Banco de la República de Colombia, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1141.

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The literature that employs Regression Discontinuity Designs (RDD) typically stacks data across time periods and cutoff values. While practical, this procedure omits useful time heterogeneity. In this paper we decompose the RDD treatment effect into its weighted time-value parts. This analysis adds richness to the RDD estimand, where each time-specific component can be different and informative in a manner that is not expressed by the single cutoff or pooled regressions. To illustrate our methodology, we present two empirical examples: one using repeated cross-sectional data and another using time-series. Overall, we show a significant heterogeneity in both cutoff and time-specific effects. From a policy standpoint, this heterogeneity can pick up key differences in treatment across economically relevant episodes. Finally, we propose a new estimator that uses all observations from the original design and which captures the incremental effect of policy given a state variable. We show that this estimator is generally more precise compared to those that exclude observations exposed to other cutoffs or time periods. Our proposed framework is simple and easily replicable and can be applied to any RDD application that carries an explicitly traceable time dimension.

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Levis, Alexander H., Lee W. Wagenhals, and Stewart W. Liles. Design of Adaptive Organizations for Effects Based Operations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada496093.

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Crespi, Gustavo, Lucas Figal Garone, Alessandro Maffioli, and Ernesto H. Stein. Research Insights: Does R&D Activity Stimulated by Chile’s FONDEF and FONTEC Programs Lead to Knowlege Spillovers? Inter-American Development Bank, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002928.

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Chile's FONDEF and FONTEC R&D grant programs both boost the productivity of direct beneficiaries, increasing total factor productivity (TFP) by around 4.2 percent. However, spillover effects are contingent on program design. Only FONDEF funded projects (requiring collaboration between firms and research centers) generate positive spillovers. FONTEC projects, which fund R&D within the firm, do not. Spillover effects are nonlinear according to the share of firms within a sectorregion receiving subsidies. Positive knowledge spillovers dominate when the share of treated firms is small. However, if the program supports a large share of a firms rivals, spillovers decline as a result of a business-stealing effect.

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Pardini, A. F., and G. R. Kiebel. Design criteria for the light duty utility arm system end effectors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/441078.

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