Journal articles on the topic 'Effective buildings'
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Khashe, Saba, Gale Lucas, Burcin Becerik-Gerber, and Jonathan Gratch. "Buildings with persona: Towards effective building-occupant communication." Computers in Human Behavior 75 (October 2017): 607–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.05.040.
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Medina, Washington, Francisco Novillo, Eduardo Chancay, and Juan Romero. "Mechanism to Estimate Effective Spectrum Availability Inside Smart Buildings." Electronics 9, no. 8 (August 2, 2020): 1244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081244.
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Smart cities and smart buildings must provide their customers with many services, including those associated with health, productivity, and energy efficiency, among others. Short-range wireless systems can provide all of these services, but the significant growth of wireless networks operating within a smart building (SB) can produce the phenomenon of spectrum shortages. Spectrum shortages could be resolved using Cognitive Radio (CR)-based systems to improve the efficiency of electromagnetic spectrum use by taking advantage of the reusable spectrum available in the building’s interior. This study proposes a mechanism using two interference conditions to quickly estimate the minimum amount of effective spectrum availability (ESA) inside an SB. The results show that an SB contains ESA distributed across 36% to 98% of the building’s area for reuse, as a function of the height of the building and of the distance from the base station (BS) of the primary system.
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Lemyshev, M., O. Khrystych, and E. Lemishko. "ENVIRONMENTALLY EFFECTIVE BUILDING MATERIALS FOR THERMAL MODERNIZATION OF BUILDINGS." MODERN TECHNOLOGY, MATERIALS AND DESIGN IN CONSTRUCTION 27, no. 2 (May 2, 2020): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/2311-1429-2019-2-52-61.
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Hu, Ming. "ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTIVE ENERGY RETROFIT STRATEGIES AND RELATED IMPACT ON INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY." Journal of Green Building 12, no. 2 (March 2017): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.12.2.38.
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1.0. INTRODUCTION In the United States, K–12 school buildings spend more than $8 billion each year on energy—more than they spend on computers and textbooks combined [1]. Most occupied older buildings demonstrate poor operational performance—for instance, more than 30 percent of schools were built before 1960, and 53 percent of public schools need to spend money on repairs, renovations, and modernization to ensure that the schools' onsite buildings are in good overall condition. And among public schools with permanent buildings, the environmental factors in the permanent buildings have been rated as unsatisfactory or very unsatisfactory in 5 to 17 percent of them [2]. Indoor environment quality (IEQ) is one of the core issues addressed in the majority of sustainable building certification and design guidelines. Children spend a significant amount of time indoors in a school environment. And poor IEA can lead to sickness and absenteeism from school and eventually cause a decrease in student performance [3]. Different building types and their IEQ characteristics can be partly attributed to building age and construction materials. [4] Improving the energy performance of school buildings could result in the direct benefit of reduced utility costs and improving the indoor quality could improve the students' learning environment. Research also suggests that aging school facilities and inefficient equipment have a detrimental effect on academic performance that can be reversed when schools are upgraded. [5] Several studies have linked better lighting, thermal comfort, and air quality to higher test scores. [6, 7, 8] Another benefit of improving the energy efficiency of education buildings is the potential increase in market value through recognition of green building practice and labeling, such as that of a LEED or net zero energy building. In addition, because of their educational function, high-performance or energy-efficient buildings are particularly valuable for institution clients and local government. More and more high-performance buildings, net zero energy buildings, and positive energy buildings serve as living laboratories for educational purposes. Currently, educational/institutional buildings represent the largest portion of NZE (net zero energy) projects. Educational buildings comprise 36 percent of net zero buildings according to a 2014 National New Building Institute report. Of the 58 net zero energy educational buildings, 32 are used for kindergarten through grade 12 (K–12), 21 for higher education, and 5 for general education. [9] Finally, because educational buildings account for the third largest amount of building floor space in the United States, super energy-efficient educational buildings could provide other societal and economic benefits beyond the direct energy cost savings for three reasons: 1) educational buildings offer high visibility that can influence community members and the next generation of citizens, 2) success stories of the use of public funds that returns lower operating costs and healthier student learning environments provide documentation that can be used by others, and 3) this sector offers national and regional forums and associations to facilitate the transfer of best design and operational practices.
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Pavlikov, Andrii, Serhii Mykytenko, and Anton Hasenko. "Effective Structural System for the Affordable Housing Construction." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.2 (June 20, 2018): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.2.14422.
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This article falls within vital question in quickly builds construction – theoretical method for calculating the slabs and columns of such buildings. Calculation research of buildings with reinforced concrete frame slabs is described in the article. The features of work the collapsible flat plate ceiling in composition of reinforced concrete framework of building are analyzed. Problems in the design of framework building are considered in order to increase its reliability. The suggestions for directions of perfection the calculation of flat plate frame construction elements are proposed in the article. The novelty of this work is to get new theoretical data about bearing capacity and deformability of structural system for the affordable housing construction from reinforced concrete.
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Kracka, Modestas, and Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas. "PANEL BUILDING REFURBISHMENT ELEMENTS EFFECTIVE SELECTION BY APPLYING MULTIPLE-CRITERIA METHODS." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 17, no. 2 (June 27, 2013): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2013.808283.
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Sustainable development has taken on a new concept: building maintenance, materials production, buildings demolition to determine the amount of energy and resources. This paper presents the process of effective selection of building elements for renovation which are important for energy effectiveness of buildings. Multi-criteria MOORA and MULTIMOORA methods has been adapt for problems solving with interval data. The paper presents a theoretical model of practice design renovation solutions evaluated. The theoretical model can also be applied to practical solutions to assess new construction planning stage, and other life-building processes.
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Johnson, Kristine B. "Architecture and acoustics: Effective collaboration for judicial facility design." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0011299.
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Designing public buildings, like judicial facilities, requires careful planning and thoughtful integration of all building systems. Judicial facilities can be stressful environments and the planning, design, and performance of these buildings can enhance or detract from a user’s experience of the space. This presentation will address best practices for courthouse planning and explore opportunities for architects and acousticians to collaborate effectively in designing spaces that meet the needs of their stakeholders.
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Mazzoli, Cecilia, Marco Iannantuono, Vieri Giannakopoulos, Anastasia Fotopoulou, Annarita Ferrante, and Simone Garagnani. "Building Information Modeling as an Effective Process for the Sustainable Re-Shaping of the Built Environment." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 22, 2021): 4658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094658.
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This paper focuses on the definition of a method supported by digital processes for a sustainable and user-orientated re-design of the existing building stock. Based on the analysis of the methodological and procedural aspects of the computational approach to architectural design in relation to different performance conditions, the research addresses the adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM), intended as a powerful method for coordinating the complexity of the multiple, interdisciplinary and conflicting aspects involved in the rehabilitation of buildings. In addition to the advantages in terms of control and management, the BIM process has proven its effectiveness in tackling the issue of sustainability, allowing all actors involved in the research to share information and pro-actively control various outcomes of a building’s performance, such as energy and environmental quality. To show the opportunities and limitations of the digital management in information-based processes, the activities carried out in the framework of the European Horizon 2020 project “Pro-GET-onE—Proactive synergy of inteGrated Efficient Technologies on buildings’ Envelopes” are reported. The research, based on a case study method, which is applied to a student residence in Athens, demonstrates that BIM possesses great potentialities for developing effective and efficient construction and renovation processes toward buildings with high quality standards.
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Elsakksa, Azza, Ola Marouf, and Mai Madkour. "Biomimetic Approach for Thermal Performance Optimization in Sustainable Architecture. Case study: Office Buildings in Hot Climate Countries." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1113, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1113/1/012004.
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Abstract Biomimicry is an applied science that mainly depends on deriving inspiration from various natural solutions to human problems for making practical applications through the study and examination of natural phenomena, designs, systems, and processes. Historically, designers have dealt with nature as an essential source of innovation and inspiration. In future architecture, biomimicry will be applied to achieve sustainable design. Thus, the paper assumes that biomimicry is an environmental solution for optimizing the thermal performance of office buildings through the building’s skin. The purpose of this paper specifically is to determine and clarify the effective indicators of applying biomimicry to the skins of office buildings in hot climate countries. This will be accomplished by discussing the general concept of biomimicry and its definitions, approaches, and levels. Then, selected examples of biomimetic skin of office buildings in hot climate countries will be shown, analyzed, and compared to determine the most effective biomimetic indicators that will be suggested to be applied to the office building skin. As a result, the effective use of biomimicry as a tool for sustainable design leads to optimizing building thermal performance, optimum thermal comfort for users, and increased productivity for employers in office buildings. Based on indicators, biomimicry as a creative approach to achieving sustainable design will support architects, students, and scholars in achieving sustainable office building design.
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Wu, J., L. Fan, M. Zhang, Z. Wu, H. Chen, and Y. Zou. "Study on Effective Long-Term Space Optimization Design Regarding Existing Campus Buildings in China." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 042034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/4/042034.
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Abstract The past century has seen a pronounced development of higher education in China. Notably, the gross enrollment rate has risen from 0.1% in 1970 to 48.4% in 2016. Existing campus buildings in colleges and universities that hold great value because of their historical, cultural and environmental resources, have attracted an increasing amount of attention. Unfortunately, in many cases, campus buildings have to face issues concerning uniformity of spaces and poor adaptability to accommodate changing academic needs. These issues greatly impact not only the comfort of faculty and students but also the effectiveness of teaching & research. This paper focuses on the effective long-term space optimization regarding existing campus buildings in China, inspired by the concepts of Open Building and applying the detailed research of Southwest Building in Nanjing University, Gulou Campus as an example. The process consisting of investigation and space optimization design is introduced. By the design principles of “fixed space” and “variable space”, this paper demonstrates that the application of effective long-term space optimization design can greatly enhance the long-term utility of existing buildings. Numerical simulations of natural daylighting and ventilation by Ecotect and CFD also show an enhancement in building performance after the space optimization design. This research is beneficial to realizing the effective long-term utilization of campus buildings in universities and colleges. It can also be referred to for the renovation design of other kinds of existing buildings in China.
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Støre-Valen, Marit, Anne Kathrine Larssen, and Svein Bjørberg. "Buildings’ impact on effective hospital services." Journal of Health Organization and Management 28, no. 3 (June 10, 2014): 386–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-08-2012-0150.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the status of the physical assets of Norwegian hospital facilities in terms of technical condition, building performance, usability and adaptability, thereby comprehending the main challenges for property management as part of facilities management (FM) within hospitals of the Norwegian Specialist Health-Care Services and permitting a discussion on a more strategic property management role. Design/methodology/approach – The research is based on an action research approach using data collection from surveys, schemes and questionnaires, literature studies, documentation analysis and workshops with an active research team involvement with stakeholders. In-depth interviews were undertaken with owner representatives, property management representatives and health-care deliverers, and a GAP analysis allowed a study of the quality of property management (as part of the FM). Findings – A severe technical backlog was documented together with a strong demand for structural upgrading, which was roughly estimated to be approximately 30-35 billion NOK in 2012 (3.75-4.4 billion euros). Improvements are necessary in all areas of FM delivery within limited economic frameworks, even though several examples of good property management (as part of FM delivery) were found. A gap exists between the general strategy concerning hospital assets and the property management role, particularly with regard to the translation of change in user needs into changed facilities. A need for an increasing professionalization of the role is pressing, turning attention from operational costs and control to potential added value. This requires a shift of focus from the property manager in order to implement visions and goals for the health-care sector, which involves several actions such as an improved communication between stakeholders and technically improved skills, thus ensuring the recruitment and capability of property management staff and improved measurement processes. Practical implications – This paper give two major recommendations: first, a stronger integration of the property management role as part of the FM delivery with the executive management of the Health Authorities and Regional and Local Health Trusts; and second, a nationally coordinated strategy for the development of property management in the Specialist Health-Care Services (called Strategic FM). The authors believe that developing a pool of competencies at the national level is necessary to develop the tools, methods and standardized measurements to enable a change in the use of the terms of added value and sustainability. Ultimately, this will enhance the assets of the health sector, and this paper suggests a model that allows for this development. Originality/value – This paper shows a model for property management as a strategic role in a holistic process involving all stakeholders from both the bottom up and the top down. The authors believe this process will engage the stakeholders in agreeing upon a clear vision and set of goals for the health-care service assets.
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Fu, Guang Yao, Fan Sheng Zeng, and Min Tian. "Safe and Effective Way to Using Urban Sites of Ground Fracture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 1870–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.1870.
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Speaking of the existence ground fracture disaster's city, have to ensure the safety of various types of civil engineering structures, and also be effective to use city land, this is the problem which need civil engineers to research and solves. With Xi'an ground fracture sites as the background to discuss this issue, from the vulnerability classification of urban land, the building importance rating, structural safety performance research so on, propose several methods of the ground fracture field can be effectively to use, final several good cases are given through the investigation and analysis. These methods are: In the ground cracking or possible cracking sites, with urban and community plan, can consider the layout of a city square and green space; unimportant temporary buildings can be built in the main deformation zone of the ground fractures; For the ground fracture activity tends to be stable, or to be in the sleep, the safety of multistoried buildings crossing fractures can be met; Determining the important building's minimum required secure distance, needs through the structure safety performance analysis and the research.
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Erberik, M. Altug. "Seismic Risk Assessment of Masonry Buildings in Istanbul for Effective Risk Mitigation." Earthquake Spectra 26, no. 4 (November 2010): 967–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3464344.
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Unreinforced and non-engineered masonry buildings are highly vulnerable to seismic hazard and constitute a significant percentage of earthquake losses, including both casualties and economic losses. This study presents an engineering application on seismic safety assessment of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings in Istanbul, Turkey, a metropolitan city under very high seismic risk. Nearly 20,000 masonry buildings were examined through a two-stage assessment procedure in order to identify the addresses of those buildings which are under high seismic risk. Furthermore, the obtained database can be employed in the preparation of an earthquake mitigation strategy for the expected major earthquake in Istanbul. In the first-stage evaluation, buildings are examined visually from the street by considering their basic structural parameters and they are ranked within a priority list in terms of the calculated seismic risk. Next, the buildings identified with higher risk are evaluated in the second stage by using a more detailed procedure. The developed procedure is both an optimal and a practical tool in the seismic risk assessment of large masonry building stocks in a short period of time with limited resources.
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Brauers, Willem Karel M., Modestas Kracka, and Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas. "LITHUANIAN CASE STUDY OF MASONRY BUILDINGS FROM THE SOVIET PERIOD." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 18, no. 3 (June 29, 2012): 444–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.700944.
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This paper presents the process of effective selection of building elements for renovation important for energy saving in buildings. A large part of energy is lost in non-effective buildings. Therefore, in renovation of buildings, it is important to select effective structural improvements. Building insulation could not only save energy but also time, money and materials, which means that different objectives expressed in different units have to be fulfilled. Although different methods exist for the application of Multi Objective Optimisation, MULTIMOORA, which is composed of three sub-methods – Ratio System, Reference Point Method that uses ratios from the ratio system, and the Full Multiplicative Form – was preferred. Consequently, different solutions for building envelope renovation were ranked by MULTIMOORA as applied for masonry buildings from the Soviet period.
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Mba, Emeka J., Chinwe G. Sam-amobi, and Francis O. Okeke. "An Assessment of Orientation on Effective Natural Ventilation for Thermal Comfort in Primary School Classrooms in Enugu City, Nigeria." European Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2022.v11n2p114.
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The current harsh climatic and high thermal conditions observed across the globe due to climate change is a challenge for indoor thermal comfort in buildings. In most developing nation, educational buildings where formal teaching and learning is conducted are designed to function without mechanical ventilation in an attempt to save energy costs hence relying solely on Natural ventilation. However, the effects of orientation on effective natural ventilation in educational buildings in the hot-humid tropical environments have not been adequately explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of orientation of the classroom buildings with respect to cardinal and wind directions on effective natural ventilation desired for thermal comfort in buildings of public primary schools in the city of Enugu, Nigeria. It adopted a combination of experimental and descriptive survey research design. Instruments for data collection were two thermo-anemometer data logging device (AZ 9871) for determining both indoor and outdoor temperatures, wind velocities and relative humidity of classrooms of selected 60 public primary school building in the metropolis based on stratified sampling technique. Data analysis was done using linear regression analysis, the global coefficient of ventilation and building orientation standards. The research results showed that there was a correlation between classroom building orientations and effective natural ventilation coefficient and that the mean natural ventilation efficiency of 80% above the 60% global ventilation efficiency standard was achieved. In addition, orientation of classroom buildings in terms of inlet window planes to the dominant wind direction had positive significant effect on natural ventilation efficiency, invariably influencing the thermal comfort conditions of the investigated classrooms. The research concludes that adequate attention should be given to the orientation in classroom buildings especially in the hot humid tropical environments by architects and building designers to ensure thermal comfort is achieved for effective teaching and learning.
Keywords: Building orientation, Natural ventilation, Tropical environment, Classroom buildings, Thermal comfort
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Zakaria, Rozana Binti, Kian Seng Foo, Rosli Mohammad Zin, Jay Yang, and Samaneh Zolfagharian. "Potential Retrofitting of Existing Campus Buildings to Green Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.42.
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Green building is building that the focus is to maximize the energy efficiency and resources used. While, retrofitting is the process of renovate or refurnish the existing building. Therefore by retrofit existing buildings that comply with green building requirement, it improves the environmental attributes of the buildings. In Malaysia, existing buildings and its communities contribute over 40% of green house gases to the environment. This paper describes a study that explores the potential to retrofit existing campus buildings that response to sustainable green building standard. A validation survey was carried out and the data collected was analysed using SPSS in order to confirm the significance of retrofitting Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) buildings toward green building initiative. The results show that all the twenty eight identified green elements recorded average index of higher than 3.5 which means that there is significant needs to retrofit the existing buildings to green buildings. This study concludes that it is urgently need for the campus to response to green building requirements in order to achieve higher energy effeciency and this can be done through effective etrofitting of existing buildings.
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Budiaková, Mária. "Effective Ventilation and Heating Systems in Office Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 649 (January 2013): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.649.189.
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The paper is oriented on the effective ventilation, heating and cooling systems in office buildings by utilization of renewable energy sources. All these systems must be in mutual harmony and ensure thermal comfort. Ventilation system must use the power of wind, the heated air from the double skin facade, heat recovery system, preheating or cooling in the ground channel. In the summer, there must be used the night natural cooling of building. For the heating is the most suitable to use radiant floor heating (30%) in combination with radiant ceiling heating (70%). The next progressive way is the combination of new concrete core conditioning and floor convector heaters.
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Gilani, S. A. N., M. Awrangjeb, and G. Lu. "FUSION OF LIDAR DATA AND MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY FOR EFFECTIVE BUILDING DETECTION BASED ON GRAPH AND CONNECTED COMPONENT ANALYSIS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-3/W2 (March 10, 2015): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-3-w2-65-2015.
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Building detection in complex scenes is a non-trivial exercise due to building shape variability, irregular terrain, shadows, and occlusion by highly dense vegetation. In this research, we present a graph based algorithm, which combines multispectral imagery and airborne LiDAR information to completely delineate the building boundaries in urban and densely vegetated area. In the first phase, LiDAR data is divided into two groups: ground and non-ground data, using ground height from a bare-earth DEM. A mask, known as the primary building mask, is generated from the non-ground LiDAR points where the black region represents the elevated area (buildings and trees), while the white region describes the ground (earth). The second phase begins with the process of Connected Component Analysis (CCA) where the number of objects present in the test scene are identified followed by initial boundary detection and labelling. Additionally, a graph from the connected components is generated, where each black pixel corresponds to a node. An edge of a unit distance is defined between a black pixel and a neighbouring black pixel, if any. An edge does not exist from a black pixel to a neighbouring white pixel, if any. This phenomenon produces a disconnected components graph, where each component represents a prospective building or a dense vegetation (a contiguous block of black pixels from the primary mask). In the third phase, a clustering process clusters the segmented lines, extracted from multispectral imagery, around the graph components, if possible. In the fourth step, NDVI, image entropy, and LiDAR data are utilised to discriminate between vegetation, buildings, and isolated building’s occluded parts. Finally, the initially extracted building boundary is extended pixel-wise using NDVI, entropy, and LiDAR data to completely delineate the building and to maximise the boundary reach towards building edges. The proposed technique is evaluated using two Australian data sets: Aitkenvale and Hervey Bay, for object-based and pixel-based completeness, correctness, and quality. The proposed technique detects buildings larger than 50 m<sup>2</sup> and 10 m<sup>2</sup> in the Aitkenvale site with 100% and 91% accuracy, respectively, while in the Hervey Bay site it performs better with 100% accuracy for buildings larger than 10 m<sup>2</sup> in area.
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Awrangjeb, Mohammad, Chunsun Zhang, and Clive S. Fraser. "Building Detection in Complex Scenes Thorough Effective Separation of Buildings from Trees." Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 78, no. 7 (July 1, 2012): 729–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14358/pers.78.7.729.
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Yimprayoon, Chanikarn. "Zero Energy Building." Journal of Architectural/Planning Research and Studies (JARS) 13, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56261/jars.v13i2.81264.
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Zero Energy Building (ZEB) is a building designed to make use of natural free resources in order to reduce energy use in building, install energy efficient systems, and generate energy from renewable sources equal to or more than energy used in the project. Medium and large scale, cost effective zero energy buildings are expected to be viable in the next 15-20 years. However, rapid building technology development and determined building owners and designers had made medium and large scale buildings become successful today. This paper explored design guidelines applicable for zero energy building in Thailand and demonstrate that cost effective and repeatable zero energy buildings could be possible. Future research opportunities in the field of zero energy building design in the tropic are also identified.
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Antonopoulos, K. A., and E. Koronaki. "Apparent and effective thermal capacitance of buildings." Energy 23, no. 3 (March 1998): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-5442(97)00088-1.
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Mao, Guozhu, Hao Chen, Huibin Du, Jian Zuo, Stephen Pullen, and Yuan Wang. "ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND EFFECTIVE MEASURES OF GREEN OFFICE BUILDINGS: A LIFE CYCLE APPROACH." Journal of Green Building 10, no. 4 (November 2015): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.10.4.161.
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The last few decades have witnessed a rapid development of green buildings in China especially the office sector. The life cycle assessment (LCA) approach has potential to weigh the benefits and costs associated with green building developments. Essentially, the LCA method evaluates the costs and benefits across a building's life cycle with a system approach. In this study, a green office building in Beijing, China, was analyzed by life cycle assessment to quantify its energy use and evaluate the environmental impacts in each life cycle stage. The environmental impacts can be reduced by 7.3%, 1.6% and 0.8% by using 30% gas-fired electricity generation, increasing the summer indoor temperature by 1°C, and switching off office equipment and lighting during lunchtime, respectively. Similarly, by reusing 80% of the selected materials when the building is finally demolished, the three major adverse environmental impacts on human health, ecosystem quality, and resource depletion can be reduced by 11.3% 12.7%, and 7.1% respectively. Sensitivity analysis shows that electricity conservation is more effective than materials efficiency in terms of a reduction in environmental impacts. These findings are useful to inform decision makers in different stages of the green building life cycle.
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Dzhedzhula, Viacheslav, and Iryna Finyk. "ENERGY CERTIFICATION IS AN EFFECTIVE METHOD OF REDUCING THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS." Modern technology, materials and design in construction 32, no. 1 (June 28, 2022): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/2311-1429-2022-1-89-92.
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The article considers one of the effective ways of solving the problem of excessive consumption in residential buildings of Ukraine – holding energy certification. Formulated the purpose of the article, which is to justify the reduction residential energy consumption by implementing energy specification. The main task is to assess the significance of the target function of certification and definition the most influential factors in its conduct. The types of achievement of energy efficiency of residential buildings for new buildings and existing ones are given housing stock. The most effective priority way in the direction of increasing the energy efficiency of residential the building is the energy audit of the buildings. The leading companies on providing services of energy certification of buildings and were considered and their characteristic features are considered. The main criteria of the assessment of certification companies on energy audit were analyzed. Conclusions were drawn on the importance of energy certification for both individual and individual a citizen, and for the state as a whole. Economic benefit of energy certification method in future is proved.
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Sun, Xi Yuan. "An Effective Method of Evaluating Safety of Adjacent Buildings Influenced by Metro Construction in Beijing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 1467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.1467.
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With the growing demand for public transportation in big cities, metro construction is developed rapidly. It is much important to keep the adjacent buildings safe in the course of metro construction. In this paper, an effective method of evaluating safety of adjacent buildings influenced by metro construction in Beijing is suggested. It is composed with collection of related data, analysis of geotechnical condition, detection of building appearance quality, measurement of existing building, control standard of subgrade deformation and numerical prediction. Finally, an example is given to explain this method in detail.
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Sing, Michael C. P., Venus W. C. Chan, Joseph H. K. Lai, and Jane Matthews. "Energy-efficient retrofitting of multi-storey residential buildings." Facilities 39, no. 11/12 (June 1, 2021): 722–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-08-2020-0094.
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Purpose Sustainable retrofitting of aged buildings plays a significant role in reducing energy demands and greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to assess the performance and effectiveness of energy retrofit measures (ERMs) for an archetype of aged multi-storey residential buildings. Design/methodology/approach The methodology consists of three parts, namely, a desktop study including the selection of a case-study building and identification of ERM options for the building; development of a computer model to simulate the building’s energy use in the baseline scenario and different scenarios of ERMs; and evaluation of the ERMs based on energy-saving rate. Findings Among the 13 ERMs tested, lighting-related ERMs were found to be optimal measures while window fin is the least suitable option in terms of energy saving. Based on the research findings, a two-level retrofitting framework was developed for aged multi-storey buildings. Research limitations/implications Future studies may take a similar approach of this study to develop retrofitting frameworks for other types of buildings, and further research paper can be extended to study retrofitting for buildings in a district or a region. Practical implications The findings of this study can serve as a reference for building owners to select effective ERMs for aged multi-storey buildings, which invariably exist in developed cities. Originality/value This study presents a pioneering work where an energy model and a building archetype were used to analyze the energy savings of a variety of ERMs that are applicable to aged multi-storey buildings.
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Sandoli, A., G. P. Lignola, B. Calderoni, and A. Prota. "Fragility curves for Italian URM buildings based on a hybrid method." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 19, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 4979–5013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01155-4.
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AbstractA hybrid seismic fragility model for territorial-scale seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings is developed and presented in this paper. The method combines expert-judgment and mechanical approaches to derive typological fragility curves for Italian residential masonry building stock. The first classifies Italian masonry buildings in five different typological classes as function of age of construction, structural typology, and seismic behaviour and damaging of buildings observed following the most severe earthquakes occurred in Italy. The second, based on numerical analyses results conducted on building prototypes, provides all the parameters necessary for developing fragility functions. Peak-Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Ultimate Limit State attainable by each building’s class has been chosen as an Intensity Measure to represent fragility curves: three types of curve have been developed, each referred to mean, maximum and minimum value of PGAs defined for each building class. To represent the expected damage scenario for increasing earthquake intensities, a correlation between PGAs and Mercalli-Cancani-Sieber macroseismic intensity scale has been used and the corresponding fragility curves developed. Results show that the proposed building’s classes are representative of the Italian masonry building stock and that fragility curves are effective for predicting both seismic vulnerability and expected damage scenarios for seismic-prone areas. Finally, the fragility curves have been compared with empirical curves obtained through a macroseismic approach on Italian masonry buildings available in literature, underlining the differences between the methods.
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Domanický, J., Z. Vranayová, and F. Vranay. "Sustainable concept of energy management of buildings as an effective tool for green building." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1209, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1209/1/012068.
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Abstract Nowadays, due to high external temperatures, the topic of cooling is very actual. However, cooling buildings is energy intensive. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on more than one method of cooling. We can say that cooling can be provided in 2 ways. By building services and by architectural design. For existing buildings, we cannot change the shape and orientation of the building. But we can change the composition of structures. Green architecture is often mentioned in this area. Therefore, the aim of this research is to interconnect these two areas and determine the influence of vegetative roof on the radiant cooling and heating systems. This connection shows us how the design will affect the HVAC systems.
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Cha, Gi Wook, Won Hwa Hong, and Jin Ho Kim. "A Study on CO2 Emissions in End-of-Life Phase of Residential Buildings in Korea: Demolition, Transportation and Disposal of Building Materials." Key Engineering Materials 730 (February 2017): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.730.457.
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Architecture and building industry have been made diversified efforts to create a construction environment that promotes resource recycling. Many studies have been done to better understand and reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions throughout a building’s lifecycle. However, to promote sustainable development and a construction environment that facilitates resource recycling, more understanding and research is needed on energy consumption and CO2 emissions during the stage of dismantling a building. Noting that, this research investigates CO2 emissions in a building’s End-Of-Life (EOL) phase that includes dismantling of a building, transport and disposal of the waste generated in the course of dismantling residential buildings in Korea. According to the results of this study, CO2 emissions in a building’s EOL phase was 3,561kg CO2/100m2 for apartments, 3,184 kgCO2/100m2 for brick houses and 1,137 kg CO2/100m2 for wooden houses. The results showed that transport and disposal process of demolition waste accounts for 90% of all CO2 emissions in a building’s EOL phase. From this finding, it is necessary to have a proper, effective strategy for transport and disposal of demolition waste from dismantled buildings’ in order to reduce CO2 emissions during a building’s EOL phase.
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Korniyenko, Sergey. "Complex analysis of energy efficiency in operated high-rise residential building: Case study." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183302005.
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Energy conservation and human thermal comfort enhancement in buildings is a topical issue of modern architecture and construction. The innovative solution of this problem makes it possible to enhance building ecological and maintenance safety, to reduce hydrocarbon fuel consumption, and to improve life standard of people. The requirements to increase of energy efficiency in buildings should be provided at all the stages of building's life cycle that is at the stage of design, construction and maintenance of buildings. The research purpose is complex analysis of energy efficiency in operated high-rise residential building. Many actions for building energy efficiency are realized according to the project; mainly it is the effective building envelope and engineering systems. Based on results of measurements the energy indicators of the building during annual period have been calculated. The main reason of increase in heat losses consists in the raised infiltration of external air in the building through a building envelope owing to the increased air permeability of windows and balcony doors (construction defects). Thermorenovation of the building based on ventilating and infiltration heat losses reduction through a building envelope allows reducing annual energy consumption. Energy efficiency assessment based on the total annual energy consumption of building, including energy indices for heating and a ventilation, hot water supply and electricity supply, in comparison with heating is more complete. The account of various components in building energy balance completely corresponds to modern direction of researches on energy conservation and thermal comfort enhancement in buildings.
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Yuan, Xinzhe, Mohammad Ali Karbasforoushha, Rahmad B. Y. Syah, Mohammad Khajehzadeh, Suraparb Keawsawasvong, and Moncef L. Nehdi. "An Effective Metaheuristic Approach for Building Energy Optimization Problems." Buildings 13, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010080.
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Mathematical optimization can be a useful strategy for minimizing energy usage while designing low-energy buildings. To handle building energy optimization challenges, this study provides an effective hybrid technique based on the pelican optimization algorithm (POA) and the single candidate optimizer (SCO). The suggested hybrid algorithm (POSCO) benefits from both the robust local search power of the single candidate method and the efficient global search capabilities of the pelican optimization. To conduct the building optimization task, the optimization method was developed and integrated with the EnergyPlus codes. The effectiveness of the proposed POSCO method was verified using mathematical test functions, and the outcomes were contrasted with those of conventional POA and other effective optimization techniques. Application of POSCO for global function optimization reveals that, among the thirteen considered functions, the proposed method was best at finding the global solution for seven functions, while providing superior results for the other functions when compared with competitive techniques. The suggested POSCO is applied for reducing an office buildings’ annual energy use. Comparing POSCO to POA procedures, the building energy usage is reduced. Furthermore, POSCO is compared to simple POA and other algorithms, with the results showing that, at specific temperatures and lighting conditions, the POSCO approach outperforms selected state-of-the-art methods and reduces building energy usage. As a result, all data suggests that POSCO is a very promising, dependable, and feasible optimization strategy for dealing with building energy optimization models. Finally, the building energy optimization findings for various climatic conditions demonstrate that the changes to the weather dataset had limited effect on the efficiency of the optimization procedure.
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Zuhri, Syaifuddin zuhri, Imam Ghozali, and Joumil Aidil Saifuddin. "Sosialisasi Desain Visual Tata Bangunan Berbasis Budaya Lokal di Desa Tlogopatut Gresik." Dinamisia : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 6, no. 5 (October 30, 2022): 1334–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/dinamisia.v6i5.11218.
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Tlogopatut village is a village in Gresik which good economic growth with many historical buildings. The growth of the community's economy has resulted commercial buildings along the main road. The visual of commercial buildings is not accompanied by control the appearance of the building that’s impact to the chaotic of the visual of city. Preservation of historic buildings is an effective way to control the visual of buildings and be a promotion. Increasing public appreciation in controlling the values of old buildings on the visual of the city can be do with socialization, counseling, design consultation and make a visual design to the village. First activity is socialization to understanding of potentials historic buildings. Second, inform the results of the design of the visual arrangement of the building which from the potentials of the old building. Third, conduct consultations in arranging the appearance of the building that’s a local characteristics.
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Khanmohammadi, Shoaib, Mohammad Zanjani, and Farzad Veysi. "Feasibility study of using solar energy as a renewable source in office buildings in different climatic regions." World Journal of Engineering 16, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-06-2017-0147.
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Purpose Present research focus on using solar energy as a renewable option for office buildings in different climatic conditions in Iran. To seeking a way to use clean solar energy and reduce current expense in buildings an investigation carried out. Nine office buildings in various climatic regions selected as case studies. Through a precise examination, buildings specifications, energy demand and climate information carried out. In the first step based on the buildings type and hot water demand, solar water heater systems designed for each case. In the second step, a cost-benefit analysis is done to detriment the economic aspects of implement aforementioned type of solar system. A cost-benefit analysis is done from saving energy and return time of investment point of view. Results indicate that solar water heater with low investment about US$500 and payback time between 2 and 5 years can be noticed as a desirable renewable option in case studies. Furthermore, analysis reveals that thermal load of building is more effective on fuel saving in building, while solar radiation intensity has more effective on the payback in solar water heater utilization. Design/methodology/approach In this study based on thermal load of nine building office and radiation of different part of Kermnashah province, the possibility of solar water system is investigated. Findings Analyses reveal that the thermal load of building is more effective on fuel saving, while solar radiation intensity has more effective on the payback in solar water heater utilization. The main originality goes back to consideration of different meteorological conditions in solar water heater selection.
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Nowogońska, Beata. "Consequences of Abandoning Renovation: Case Study—Neglected Industrial Heritage Building." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 10, 2020): 6441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166441.
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The abandonment of renovation works is an extremely important factor causing degradation of the building. Omission of repairs may lead to a threat to the stability of the building’s structure, threaten the lives of users, further damage to the building by damaging further elements. The aim of this article is to analyze the consequences of abandoning renovation works in order to minimize the occurrence of construction failures in the future. The article presents problems related to the abandonment of repair works of damaged elements. A classification of the effects of abandonment of repairs for historic buildings has been worked out. Industrial heritage buildings were often not used for a long time, and the lack of maintenance very often caused their partial or even complete destruction. The progressive degradation of buildings is mainly the result of human negligence, lack of effective, and continuous maintenance. The problem of abandonment of repairs is presented on the example of the granary in Krosno Odrzańskie.
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Zhang, Yun Peng, Shun Xiang Sun, and Yan Hou. "Effective Approaches for the Improvement of Solar Energy Collector Efficiency in Town Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 1723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.1723.
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In order to reasonably make good use of solar energy---a kind of typical and clean energy, especially increase the efficiency of solar energy usage in town buildings, this paper introduces and analyzes solar Thermal-arrest Technology by way of how to increase solar absorption efficiency and how to decrease collector heat loss, finds an effective way to increase the efficiency of present solar collectors. Solar Thermal-arrest Technology is good for being widely used in town buildings. Its reasonable development is helpful to reducing building energy consumption and the relief of present energy shortage in China.
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Kulawiak, Marek. "A Cost-Effective Method for Reconstructing City-Building 3D Models from Sparse Lidar Point Clouds." Remote Sensing 14, no. 5 (March 5, 2022): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14051278.
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The recent popularization of airborne lidar scanners has provided a steady source of point cloud datasets containing the altitudes of bare earth surface and vegetation features as well as man-made structures. In contrast to terrestrial lidar, which produces dense point clouds of small areas, airborne laser sensors usually deliver sparse datasets that cover large municipalities. The latter are very useful in constructing digital representations of cities; however, reconstructing 3D building shapes from a sparse point cloud is a time-consuming process because automatic shape reconstruction methods work best with dense point clouds and usually cannot be applied for this purpose. Moreover, existing methods dedicated to reconstructing simplified 3D buildings from sparse point clouds are optimized for detecting simple building shapes, and they exhibit problems when dealing with more complex structures such as towers, spires, and large ornamental features, which are commonly found e.g., in buildings from the renaissance era. In the above context, this paper proposes a novel method of reconstructing 3D building shapes from sparse point clouds. The proposed algorithm has been optimized to work with incomplete point cloud data in order to provide a cost-effective way of generating representative 3D city models. The algorithm has been tested on lidar point clouds representing buildings in the city of Gdansk, Poland.
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Rached, Ehab, and Maha Anber. "Energy retrofitting strategies for office buildings in hot arid climate." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 17 (2022): 506–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctac031.
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Abstract The building sector consumes ~30% of the primary energy consumption. Energy retrofitting of buildings contributes greatly to reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions. This research aims at revealing the potential energy savings resulting from applying energy retrofitting strategies to office buildings in hot arid climate. The study is applied on Cairo, Egypt, representing the hot arid climate. The case study building was selected to be an existing office building with an area of 12 000 m2. The energy simulation software used is the DesignBuilder software. The suggested retrofitting strategies are upgrading the lighting systems to use LED lights, upgrading the air conditioning performance, using external shading devices, improving AC efficiency, improving the building’s air tightness and improving the R-value of the building envelope by using insulation for exterior walls and roof and substituting the existing window glazing. Those strategies were applied to the building for evaluating their potential for achieving energy savings. The conclusion of the applied study was that by combining the most effective strategies has resulted in annual energy consumption reduction by 86%.
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Sucuoğlu, Haluk, Ufuk Yazgan, and Ahmet Yakut. "A Screening Procedure for Seismic Risk Assessment in Urban Building Stocks." Earthquake Spectra 23, no. 2 (May 2007): 441–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2720931.
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An effective step for seismic risk mitigation in large urban areas under high seismic risk is to identify the most vulnerable buildings that may sustain significant damage during a future earthquake. Once they are identified properly, existing seismic risks may be reduced either by retrofitting such buildings, or by replacing them with new buildings in view of a particular risk-mitigation planning strategy. A fast and simple seismic risk-assessment procedure for vulnerable urban building stocks is proposed in this study. It is basically a sidewalk survey procedure based on observing selected building parameters from the street side, and calculating a performance score for determining the risk priorities for buildings. Statistical correlations have been obtained for measuring the sensitivity of damage to the assigned performance score by employing a database consisting of 454 damaged buildings surveyed after the 1999 Düzce earthquake in Turkey. The results revealed that the proposed screening procedure provides a simple but effective tool for selecting those buildings that have significant damage risk. These buildings have to be subjected to a more detailed assessment for a final decision on their seismic risk level.
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Zhang, Wen. "Application of Green Building Design in Residential Buildings." Journal of Architectural Research and Development 5, no. 6 (November 30, 2021): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jard.v5i6.2782.
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In recent years, with the rapid development of the world economy, the environment and resources have been seriously damaged, and the global climate is changing quietly. People began to pay more and more attention to the protection of environment and resources. In the process of building residential buildings, the construction industry also needs to strengthen the application of green building design, so as to achieve the purpose of green environmental protection. The author makes an in-depth research and analysis on the characteristics of green building design, and puts forward the effective strategies for the application of green building design in residential buildings, hoping to help improve the green environmental protection of residential buildings.
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Pringgana, Gede, and I. Gede Adi Susila. "Numerical modelling of tsunami bore impact on low-rise residential buildings using SPH." MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927601006.
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The resilience of buildings subject to tsunami bore impact can be improved by reducing tsunami-induced lateral hydrodynamic pressure by allowing part of the tsunami bore to pass through the buildings via openings and break-away walls. This research investigated the reduction of lateral pressure caused by tsunami bore impact on a low-rise residential building with openings proposed as the prototype of tsunami-resistant house. Numerical method using smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH)- based software called DualSPHysics was used to create simulation in numerical boundary in the form of a water tank. The tsunami-like bore simulations were generated based on dam-break analogy and were validated against experimental results. Four simulation cases were conducted in this study: Case 1 and Case 2 were dealing with the parameter sensitivity of reservoir height and distance between reservoir and building, while Case 3 and Case 4 were related to the effectiveness of openings and the base elevation of building in reducing wave impact pressures. The numerical modelling results show that the presence of openings and building’s base elevation significantly reduced the lateral hydrodynamic pressures on buildings up to 50% and this could become an effective strategy for improving the resilience of low-rise residential buildings under tsunami bore impact.
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Kvedaras, Audronis Kazimieras, and Antanas Šapalas. "EFFECTIVE STEEL CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND POSSIBILITIES OF THEIR APPLICATION." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2004): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13928619.2004.9637659.
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Application of effective building structures may induce a big economic effect in the current Lithuanian building industry. The level of strength utilization of components and materials is one of the indexes of the effectiveness of a structure. Composite steel concrete structures are composed of materials with very different mechanical properties. A brittle high‐strength centrifugal concrete core and an elastic‐plastic external shell successfully complement each other. Long‐lasting investigations in Vilnius Gediminas Technical University create a good possibility to implement such structures into real buildings. The main samples of application of composite steel concrete structures are presented in this paper.
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Agyekum, Kofi, Emmanuel Adinyira, and Godslove Ampratwum. "Factors driving the adoption of green certification of buildings in Ghana." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 9, no. 4 (July 29, 2020): 595–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-02-2019-0017.
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PurposeSustainability has become a topical issue in many countries, with emphasis on green buildings. Though Ghana has recently adopted green buildings, there is lack of its speedy implementation. There is little literature on the adoption of green certification of buildings, especially in a developing country like Ghana. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that drive the adoption of green certification of buildings in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts face-to-face and telephone interviews, using a semi-structured interview guide among ten built environment professionals. Qualitative responses to the interview are thematically analysed using Nvivo 11 Pro analysis application software.FindingsThe findings suggest that “observability of the benefits of green certified buildings”, “commitment of Government to green building initiatives”, “incorporating green certification of buildings into the code of practice of professional bodies”, “green building certification incentives”, “public acknowledgement of the green building concept”, “policies and regulations to enforce the adoption of the concept” and “effective communication and source of information on the concept” are the factors that drive the adoption of green certification of buildings in Ghana.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the understanding of the factors that drive the adoption of green building certification in Ghana. With these findings, stakeholders and industry practitioners can make informed decisions regarding how they can put in place strategies to ensure the effective adoption of green certification of buildings. Though this study was conducted within the context of Ghana, its findings and implications can be useful to policy makers, stakeholders and practitioners in other developing countries.
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Djuraevna, Teshaboeva Nodira. "Installing power collectors in repair of effective buildings." ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 10, no. 5 (2020): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2020.00403.6.
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Idris, Hannatu A., BintaF Yahaya, and Umar F. Muhammad. "Enhancing Effective Fire Safety in Buildings Using Design." Journal of Science Engineering Technology and Management 03, no. 01 (2021): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46820/jsetm.2021.3102.
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Bartolomey, Leonid, Alexey Glushkov, and Vyacheslav Glushkov. "Effective Structures of Tamped Foundations of Frame Buildings." MATEC Web of Conferences 73 (2016): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20167301026.
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P, Swathi, and Haritha P.S. "Effective Distribution of RC Shear Wall in Buildings." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 37, no. 7 (July 25, 2016): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v37p262.
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Tso, W. K., and Y. Bozorgnia. "Effective eccentricity for inelastic seismic response of buildings." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 14, no. 3 (May 1986): 413–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290140308.
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Gravit, Marina, Ivan Dmitriev, Kirill Kuzenkov, and Alena Shestakova. "Vertical transport systems for evacuation from high-rise buildings." MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 01043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823901043.
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The article discusses the possibility of using the elevators as the main evacuation path from high-rise buildings. It starts by analysis of the reasons, which make effective evacuation of people from high-rise buildings difficult. The high multi-storey office building was modelled in the Pathfinder software package. There are presented some scenarios of the human flow and their influence on time parameters (the evacuation start and signal delivery delay), on flow composition (ratio of people with different mobility) and base evacuation level of each group. The time of evacuation is compared on the staircase and using elevators. It is effective to use evacuation elevators in 60-storey buildings, but it is not rational to use them in 20-storey building.
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Krus, Yurii. "Eastern European Experience in the Application of Multilayer Reinforced Concrete Elements of External Wall Fencing." International Science Journal of Engineering & Agriculture 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46299/j.isjea.20220102.2.
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The capital building field is constantly updating the tasks: to reduce material consumption, cost and complexity of building, the mass of buildings and structures; significantly improve thermal protection; to increase the level of industrialization of building and factory readiness of prefabricated constructions; to improve the architectural and operational qualities of buildings and structures. Practical realization of the set tasks entails the the necessity to expand the use effective kinds of building materials and constructions, improving their properties. The field of effective three-layer constructions in civil, industrial and agricultural building is wide and multifaceted, as it covers almost all constructive elements of buildings, the solution of which depends on the functional requirements imposed on buildings and structures, local climatic and geological conditions, availability of building materials, level of development industrial base, etc. Already behind the idea itself of layered reinforced concrete constructiones have significant advantages: 1) the ability to select the materials of the layers taking into account the effective use of their main functional qualities; 2) reducing the cost and outlay of cement; 3) weight reduction of separate constructions and buildings and/or structures as a whole; 4) reducing heat consumption and increasing heat transfer resistance without thickening the construction; 5) improving the temperature-humidity regime in the room, etc. The purpose of this article is to perform a brief overview of research, proposals for standardization of design developments conducted during the most active implementation in Eastern European building practice of three-layer reinforced concrete constructions for fencing by the heat, air and waterproofing properties, strength, deformations and crack resistance, as well as their manufacturing technology. The article takes into account the results of research, field observations, materials for the development of new proposals, accumulated in many research and design departments of Eastern Europe in the period from the late 60’s to mid-80’s of the 20th century (Research Institute of Building Constructions, Kyiv Zonal Research Institute of Experimental Design, Ukrainian Research and Design Institute of Civil Rural Construction (Ukraine); Central Research Institute of Building Constructions named after V.A. Kucherenko, All-Union Research Institute of Fire Safety, All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Reinforced Concrete, Central Research and Design Institute of Residential and Public Buildings, Central Research and Design and Experimental Institute of Industrial Buildings and Structures, Central Research Institute of Experimental Design of Commercial and Domestic Buildings and Tourist Complexes (Russia), etc.).
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Selvaraj, Subhashini, and Thirumaran Kesavaperumal. "Numerical investigation of optimal wall materials for effective thermal performance in warm and hot climatic regions." Open House International 46, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-08-2020-0120.
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Purpose Heat gain in buildings occurs due to heat transfer through the building fabric or envelope, especially the walls and roof. The purpose of this paper is to identify and recommend the suitable wall materials for better thermal performance in buildings in warm and hot climatic zones of India. As India lies between the tropic of cancer and the equator, the solar radiation from the sun falls more on the walls than the roofs of the buildings. Thus, it is imperative to protect the walls from heat gain to promote thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings and reduce the energy loads due to artificial cooling systems in air-conditioned buildings. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, an investigation of heat flow characteristics in steady-state and the transient state for five different uninsulated wall structures using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software has been carried out. The climate conditions at Madurai, India have been considered for this study. Findings The findings of the study revealed that aerated autoclaved concrete (AAC) and hollow clay blocks (HCB) for external walls in naturally ventilated buildings in warm climatic regions could improve the building’s thermal performance index and reduce peak indoor operative temperature by about 6°C–7°C. The results of steady-state and transient state analysis were found to be in good agreement with the results of the reviewed literature. Research limitations/implications Over the past few decades, only very few architects and builders have been successful in influencing their clients to accept alternate materials such as AAC blocks, HCB, stabilized earth blocks, adobe blocks, fly-ash bricks as an alternate to conventional bricks in an attempt of highlighting their benefits, such as; materials that are easily available, more energy-efficient, can withstand the extreme weather conditions, promote thermal comfort and cost-effective. This paper provides strong evidence that AAC and HCB blocks are the most appropriate materials for improving the thermal performance of envelope walls in regions where the outdoor temperatures are above 40°C. Originality/value This paper has made an attempt to identify the appropriate wall materials for effective thermal performance in warm and hot climates. A comparative analysis between five different wall types under the existing solar conditions has been analyzed using CFD simulation study in steady-state and transient conditions under summer conditions and the appropriate wall materials have been suggested. There has been no attempt carried out so far to analyze the thermal performance of different walls using 24 h transient approach in CFD.
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Lin, Jian-Fu, Xue-Yan Li, Junfang Wang, Li-Xin Wang, Xing-Xing Hu, and Jun-Xiang Liu. "Study of Building Safety Monitoring by Using Cost-Effective MEMS Accelerometers for Rapid After-Earthquake Assessment with Missing Data." Sensors 21, no. 21 (November 3, 2021): 7327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217327.
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Suffering from structural deterioration and natural disasters, the resilience of civil structures in the face of extreme loadings inevitably drops, which may lead to catastrophic structural failure and presents great threats to public safety. Earthquake-induced extreme loading is one of the major reasons behind the structural failure of buildings. However, many buildings in earthquake-prone areas of China lack safety monitoring, and prevalent structural health monitoring systems are generally very expensive and complicated for extensive applications. To facilitate cost-effective building-safety monitoring, this study investigates a method using cost-effective MEMS accelerometers for buildings’ rapid after-earthquake assessment. First, a parameter analysis of a cost-effective MEMS sensor is conducted to confirm its suitability for building-safety monitoring. Second, different from the existing investigations that tend to use a simplified building model or small-scaled frame structure excited by strong motions in laboratories, this study selects an in-service public building located in a typical earthquake-prone area after an analysis of earthquake risk in China. The building is instrumented with the selected cost-effective MEMS accelerometers, characterized by a low noise level and the capability to capture low-frequency small-amplitude dynamic responses. Furthermore, a rapid after-earthquake assessment scheme is proposed, which systematically includes fast missing data reconstruction, displacement response estimation based on an acceleration response integral, and safety assessment based on the maximum displacement and maximum inter-story drift ratio. Finally, the proposed method is successfully applied to a building-safety assessment by using earthquake-induced building responses suffering from missing data. This study is conducive to the extensive engineering application of MEMS-based cost-effective building monitoring and rapid after-earthquake assessment.