Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Effect'
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Liu, Yang. "Multicaloric effect in ferroic materials." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC041/document.
Full textSolid-state caloric materials, which undergo an adiabatic temperature change or isothermal entropy change when some external stimulus (electric field, magnetic field, stress and pressure) is applied or withdrawn, are promising for solid-state refrigeration, as an alternative to hazardous gases used in conventional cooling devices invented a hundred years ago. Given that the highly refined vapor-compression refrigeration systems asymptotically approach their theoretical efficiency limit in addition to the concern on environment, there has been a recent upsurge in worldwide search for new refrigeration solution which is economical and environmentally friendly. The most prominent calorics are ferroically ordered materials (ferroelectric, ferroelastic and ferromagnetic/antiferromagentic) that often exhibit giant caloric effects near their ferroic transitions. In this thesis, we present our theoretical and experimental results on electrocaloric effect, elastocaloric effect, barocaloric effect and magnetocaloric effect in different ferroic materials. Our findings show that all these caloric effects may appear promising with low environmental impact. We address ferroelectrics emerging as ideal materials which permit both giant elastocaloric, electrocaloric and barocaloric responses near room temperature. For the first time, we find a large negative electrocaloric effect in antiferroelectric thin films and we propose a new mechanism to understand the caloric response in antiferroics including antiferroelectric and antiferromagentic. In addition, for the first time using Infra-red camera we carry out spatially-resolved measurement on electrocaloric effect in multilayer capacitors, one of the most studied systems which are regarded as the most promising electrocaloric prototype. Our findings provide the first direct experimental evidence on the electrocaloric heat flux both temporally and spatially in a specific electrocaloric device. Moreover, for the first time, we design a multicaloric refrigeration cycle combining electrocaloric effect with elastocaloric/magentocaloric effects bridged by ferroelectric materials. We realized such mutlicaloric cycle to solve a real and longstanding problem, i.e., a large hysteresis that impeded reversibility in an otherwise promising magnetocaloric material FeRh discovered almost 26 years ago. We hope that this thesis will not only provide a useful background to fundamentally understand the solid-state caloric effect in ferroics and what we are really measuring, but also may act as a practical guide to exploit and develop ferrocalorics towards design of suitable devices
Mendy, Henri Joseph. "Etudes expérimentales et simulations des processus de corrosion aux interfaces matériaux métalliques-environnement." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EVRY0026/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is, using a mesoscopic model based on cellular automata and taking into account a small number of simple processes, to explain numerical simulations obtained in order to better understand the complexity of corrosion. In the first part of this work, the model is used to simulate corrosion in a defect of material protected by an insulating layer and on a metal covered by an oxide layer. Anodic and cathodic reactions simulated in the model can take place in the same site (localized reactions) or in two different (spatially separated reactions) sites. Study of localized reactions shows the detachment of metallic islands during corrosion. These results correspond to a phenomenon which has been experimentally proven, named chunk effect, and is responsible of the deviation with Faraday’s law. It is shown that effective corrosion speed is enhanced by the production of islands resulting from corrosion-erosion coupling. Secondly studies of spatially separated reactions, have shown the influence of the diffusion of acid-basic species in the solution and have permitted to carry out, an initial regime characterised by an homogenous solution, followed by diffusion limited regime, where chemical heterogeneities leading to physical heterogeneities (roughness of the front) appear. The relationship between chemical and morphological phenomena is clearly demonstrated. Finally we have demonstrated experimental deviations with Faraday’s law in the case of zinc corrosion, in sulphuric acid medium
Werner, Frank. "Twomey Effect of Trade Wind Cumuli." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-158528.
Full textXu, Yong. "Étude des effets de la lumière sur les propriétés électriques d’une jonction tunnel magnétique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0256/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of the effects of light on a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). A MTJ is made of a nanometer thick insulating layer sandwiched between the two magnetic layers. When an electric current is injected into such a structure, a voltage can be measured across the insulating layer. This voltage depends on the relative orientation of the magnetizations of the two magnetic layers. This is known as the tunnel magneto-resistance effect. We have shown in this thesis that voltage depending on the orientation of the magnetic layers can be measured when the junction is illuminated with light. By studying the influence of the substrate, the position of the light beam, the wave length of light and the response of the system to a laser pulse, we have been able to demonstrate the presence of photovoltaic and Seebeck effects. These results show that it is possible, thanks to the sunlight, to read the information from magnetic memory (MRAM) made of a MTJ
Lombardi, Anna. "Linear and ultrafast response of individual multi-material nanoparticles." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10141.
Full textOptical and vibrational properties of individual metal-based nanoparticles have been investigated by spatial modulation spectroscopy (SMS), focusing on their dependence on nano-object shape, composition, environment and inter-particle coupling. Quantitative investigations of the optical response, and in particular, the surface plasmon resonance (extinction cross-section amplitude, spectral position and linewidth) of elongated metal or metal-dielectric (gold nanorods, nanobipyramids with or without silica coating) and bimetallic (gold-silver heterodimers) nanoparticles deposited on a substrate have first been performed. The same nanoparticles were characterized by electron microscopy permitting quantitative interpretation of their optical response using finite element numerical simulations, taking into account the influence of the substrate. Combining SMS microscopy with a high sensitivity femtosecond two-color pump-probe setup, the ultrafast dynamics of single nano-objects has been investigated. The Fano absorption profile of a gold nanoparticle within a single gold-silver heterodimer, a parameter not accessible by linear spectroscopy, was directly measured. On a picosecond time-scale, multimodal acoustic vibrations of single gold nanobipyramids were optically lunched and detected, and their features compared to a model based on continuum elasticity
Muntahi, Abdussamad. "NANOSCALE EFFECTS IN JUNCTIONLESS FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1527.
Full textBouras, Bouhafs. "Traitement du signal adapté aux signaux GPS." Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/357ad253-2be4-452d-ad4e-eb2a9e8ef7b6.
Full textHE, Ran. "Carry-over and interaction effects of different hand-milking techniques and milkers on milk." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 1986. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-154641.
Full textFerry, Barbara. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation des effets de taille associés à un gradient de contrainte en fatigue de contact." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN041/document.
Full textFretting fatigue refers to the damage process localized at the frontier of the contact between two contacting bodies subjected to fatigue loadings. The prediction of this phenomenon is of major importance in determining, for instance, the lifetime of fan’s disk. In the vicinity of the contact front, the stress field inherited from the contact loads is maximal at the surface and displays a strong gradient under the contact. The difference of scale between the laboratory’s experiments and the industrials’ system motivated the study of the impact of the size effect for the determination of the lifetimes.To quantify the effect of the stress gradient and of the size effect, tests were carried out on a two vertical-actuators fretting-fatigue rig at the University of Brasilia, with experimental conditions ensuring different stress gradient and later different volume solicited under the contact. Damage mechanisms were studied using post-mortem analysis with a confocal microscope on some contact elements tested.It was shown on this thesis, for a Ti-6Al-4V alloy, that a nonlocal approach, based on equivalent velocity field on a determined area around the contact, leads to good expectation for the determination of fretting fatigue lives. The influence of the bulk stress for the description of the fretting fatigue crack initiation and propagation was also determined and it appears that it could not be neglected for the determination of the crack initiation boundary. As a matter of fact, if around 75% of the crack initiation mechanism in fretting fatigue is controlled by the contact stresses, i.e. shear and contact stresses, the consideration of the normal stress allows to obtain more realistic prediction. The study of the size effect was divided into two phases. First the influence of the volume stressed was investigated by reducing the width of the contact but maintaining the stress gradient under the contact and the damaged area within the slip zone constant. Then, the influence of the damaged area within the slip zone was isolated by maintaining the experimental parameters, i.e. σB,max/p0 and Q/fP, constant while the damaged area under the slip zone was reduced. The experimental results were analysed by applying a fatigue criterion, the Modified Wöhler Curve Method, in conjunction with the Theory of the Critical Distance. It was found that none of these two parameters influences significantly the fretting fatigue lifetimes, and so the term ‘size effect’ usually referenced in the literature as a damaging effect should refer only to the gradient effect
Delagrange, Raphaëlle. "Josephson effect and high frequency emission in a carbon nanotube in the Kondo regime." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS319/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to quantum transport through a Kondo impurity, formed in a carbon nanotube quantum dot. We probe the Kondo effect in two situations: in competition with the Josephson effect induced in the nanotube by superconducting contacts and through its high frequency emission. In a first experiment, we have introduced a nanotube in a SQUID in order to measure its supercurrent as a function of the superconducting phase across it. We have measured this quantity in the regime where the Kondo and superconducting correlations are of the same order of magnitude and shown that the ground state of the system, singlet or doublet (corresponding respectively to 0 and π junctions), is then controlled by the superconducting phase. We have also demonstrated that, if a second energy level participates in the transport of Cooper pairs, the 0-π transition is not anymore a first order one as it is the case when only one level is involved. In the second part of the thesis, the carbon nanotube is coupled, at some frequencies determined by a resonator, to a tunnel superconducting junction which is used as an on-chip high-frequency noise detector. This enables the measurement of the emission noise of the quantum dot in the Kondo regime, with reservoirs coupled either symmetrically or not to the dot. Our measurements raise the problem of the spatial asymmetry of the measured noise and seem to show that, the more symmetric is the coupling of the reservoirs to the dot, the more the Kondo resonance is weaken in an out-of-equilibrium situation. Finally, this setup has been used in order to measure the AC Josephson emission of a nanotube contacted with superconducting electrodes, in order to extend our investigation of the competition between the Kondo effect and superconductivity at high frequency. These measurements reveal a decrease of the Josephson emission observed together with a maximum of supercurrent
Bascoul, Ganaël. "Effets masqués en analyse prédictive." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAB015.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is the development of two methodologies to reveal previously hidden effects in decision modeling. In the first part, we try to implement a method of local analysis in order to select criteria in the context of binary choices. In a second part, we highlight the effects of generations in the study of consumer behavior. In both parts, our research approach combines new predictive analytical tools (such as Support Vector Machines, FANOVA, PLS) to traditional tools of inferential statistics, to enrich the usual results by additional on the masked effects, which are the local effects in the binary choice functions, and the effects of generation in temporal choice behavior analysis.The proposed methodologies, respectively named AEL and APC- PLS are both applied to real cases in order to illustrate their operation and relevance
Schneider, Johannes. "Propriétés électroniques du graphite." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENY047.
Full textIn this thesis, low-temperature magnetotransport (T = 10 mK) and the de Haas-van Alphen effect of both natural graphite and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) are examined. In the first part, low field magnetotransport up to B = 11 T is discussed. A Fourier analysis of the background removed signal shows that the electric transport in graphite is governed by two types of charge carriers, electrons and holes. Their phase and frequency values agree with the predictions of the SWM-model. The SWM-model is then confirmed by detailed band structure calculations using the magnetic field Hamiltonian of graphite. The movement of the Fermi at B > 2 T is calculated self-consistently assuming that the sum of the electron and hole concentration is constant. The second part of the thesis deals with high field magnetotransport of natural graphite in the magnetic field range 0 < B < 28 T. Both spin splitting of magnetotransport features in tilted field configuration and the onset of the charge density wave (CDW) phase for different temperatures with the magnetic field applied normal to the sample plane are discussed. Concerning the Zeeman effect, the SWM calculations including the Fermi energy movement require a g-factor of g = 2. 5 to reproduce the spin spilt features. The measurements of the charge density wave confirm that the onset magnetic field of the charge density wave state can be described by a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS)-type formula. The measurements of the de Haas-van Alphen effect agree with the results of the magnetotransport measurements at low field
Madon, Benjamin. "Etude des effets magneto-transverses dans les matériaux ferromagnétiques : effets Righi-Leduc planaire et anomal et géométrie Corbino." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX029/document.
Full textAbstract: During this PhD we studied different electric, thermal and thermoelectric properties. For instance, we characterized the anomalous and planar Righi-Leduc effects which are the thermal equivalent of the anomalous and planar Hall effects. These effect have to be taken into account when interpreting spin Seebeck measurements.We used the technics that we developped during this study to look at the Nernst effect in InSb. We developped, a carrier mobility distribution model to explain its non-linearity at fields around 1T.We built a ferromagnetic resonance experiment in order to study the impact of thermal and thermoelectric properties in spin pumping effect.Lastly, we studied electric transport in the Corbino geometry. Corbino geometry is the one of a disc where there are no free boundaries where electric charges can accumulate. This causes the apparition of an orthoradial Hall current which consequence is the increase of resistance of the disc. We showed an increase of resistance in the Corbino geometry in CoGd and CoTb originating from anomalous Hall effect. Despite the anomalous Hall effect does not dissipate, it produces an orthoradial current which dissipates. We also found in permalloy that this increase of resistance is counterbalanced by a decrease of resistance due to the anisotropic magnetoresistance.The similarity between anomalous Hall effect and spin Hall effect which share a common microscopic origin implies that we expect in platinum the apparition of an orthoradial spin current without possibility for the charges to accumulateition. This current should dissipate just the way it does for the anomalous Hall effect.The study of this spin current will be the topic of a futur study
Rochet, Antonine. "Manipulation optique de vortex d'Abrikosov individuels dans les supraconducteurs et applications." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0148/document.
Full textAt the interface between optics, magnetism and superconductivity, we want to develop new concepts for the optical manipulation, the generation and the study of individual Abrikosov vortices in superconducting systems. On one hand, we demonstrate the efficiency of an optical method to perform spontaneous generation of a single vortex/anti-vortex pair by Kibble Zurek effect, based on a laser pulse focused at the superconductor film surface. It is a fast far field method to create and trap a pair into the superconducting condensate at a reproducible and stable position. This experiment is also adapted to the study of the Kibble Zurek mechanism, describing nucleation of topological defects such as Abrikosov vortices during a fast second order phase transition. On the other hand, we present the results of a pomp-probe experiment to the study the inverse Faraday effect into a BiLuIG garnet used for magneto-optical imaging of vortices. We show the possibility to produce a strong femtosecond magnetic field of a few Tesla localized into the garnet with a circularly polarized ultra-short laser pulse. Those results lead to the determination of the experimental conditions necessary to generate a vortex/anti-vortex pair with a magneto-optical method based on the application of a strong magnetic field close to the superconductor surface. Fast optical manipulation and generation of vortices, which are intrinsic nano-objects of the superconducting state, should enable the development of optically driven superconducting micro-circuits such as Josephson junctions
Rahimov, Vugar. "Sectoral Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Host Country Economic Growth: Evidence from Emerging Countries." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-207410.
Full textClark, Brodie. "Side Effects May Depend on the Framing of a Warning: But Does this Framing Effect Depend on Absolute Risk?" Thesis, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28535.
Full textColagiuri, Ben. "Expectancies in Double-Blind Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trials and Placebo-Induced Side Effects." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8595.
Full textMesa, Kathryn A. "The influence of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen on juvenile salmon distributions in a nearshore estuarine environment." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24863.
Full textScience, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
Vaartnou, Manivalde. "EPR investigation of free radicals in excised and attached leaves subjected to ozone and sulphur dioxide air pollution." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29444.
Full textLand and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
Rader, Gaurakisora D. "Blame and the Side-Effect Effect." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1536758782159273.
Full textAlmadi, Sejla. "The naturally occuring Pygmalion effect in the context of the CCE program : a new perspective." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0196.
Full textThe Pygmalion effect at work is embedded into the conceptual frameworks of self-fulfilling prophecies and leadership styles within the field of Organisational Behaviour. Its actuality lays in operating as an interpersonal expectancy effect, its significance lays in having an outstanding impact on leadership improvement and follower job performance. However, the ethical, phenomenal and methodological concerns of its experiments raised arguments. As a response to these, the dissertation proposed a new perspective to be implemented based on the three dimensions of naturalness (behaviour, setting, treatment) and hypothesized the naturally occurring Pygmalion effect at work. Therefore, the thesis aimed to see the test of reality, if and how it is realized in the chosen context of the Cultural Community Employment Program. It applied an exploratory sequential design with two data collections: participant observation (n=25-130), organisational questionnaires (n=1146-1155). The analysis was based on quantification and validity strategies, it took descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings contributed to the theoretical and methodological aspects of Pygmalion and Galatea effect researches, the issue of the natural context and the investigated program
MacPhail, Susan Helen. "Effect of intercellular contact on radiation-induced DNA damage." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27986.
Full textMedicine, Faculty of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of
Graduate
Trifu, Alexandru Vladimir. "Mesures de couples de spin orbite dans des héterostructures métal lourde/ferromagnet à base de Pt, avec anisotropie magnétique planaire." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY044/document.
Full textMoore’s law is based on empirical observation and states that every two years approximately, the number of transistors in dense integrated circuits doubles. This trend has held up well in the past several decades (1970s and onwards). However, the continuous miniaturisation of transistors brings about a significant increase in leakage current, which increases the stand-by power consumption. This energy loss has become a major problem in microelectronics during the last several years, making the development of new technologies more difficult. One of the solutions that can address this issue is to place non-volatile memory elements inside the chip, that retain the configuration of the transistor during power-off and allow to restore it at power-on. Magnetic Random Access Memories (MRAM) are considered by the ITRS as a credible candidate for the potential replacement for SRAM and DRAM beyond the 20 nm technological node. Though the basic requirements for reading and writing a single memory element are fulfilled, the present approach based on Spin Transfer Torque (STT) suffers from an innate lack of flexibility. The electric current drives the magnetization switching of a free ferromagnetic layer by transferring angular momentum from an adjacent ferromagnet. Therefore, STT-based memory elements are two terminal devices in which the “pillar” shape defines both the “read” and the “write” current paths. Independent optimisation of the reading and writing parameters is therefore difficult, while the large writing current density injected through the tunnel barrier causes its accelerated ageing, particularly for fast switching. Consequently, the integration of MRAM into semiconductor technology poses significant difficulties.Recent demonstrations of magnetization switching induced by in-plane current injection in heavy metal (HM)/ferromagnet (FM) heterostructures have drawn increasing attention to spin-torques based on orbital-to-spin momentum transfer induced by Spin Hall and interfacial effects (SOTs). Unlike STT-MRAM, the in-plane current injection geometry of SOT-MRAM allows for a three-terminal device which decouples the “read” and “write” mechanisms, allowing the independent tuning of reading and writing parameters. However, an essential first step in order to control and optimise the SOTs for any kind of application, is to better understand their origin. The origin of the SOTs remains one of the most important unanswered questions to date. While some experimental studies suggest a SHE (Spin Hall Effect)-only model for the SOTs, others point towards a combined contribution of the bulk (SHE) and interface (Rashba Effect and Interfacial SHE). At the same time, many studies start with a SHE only hypothesis and do not consider interfacial effects. Furthermore, there are not so many systematic studies on the effects of interfaces. This thesis tries to fill in this gap, by providing a systematic study on the effects of interfaces on the SOTs, in Pt-based NM/FM/HM multilayers with in-plane magnetic anisotropy. For this purpose, this thesis explores three different, but related avenues. First, we changed the interface/bulk effect ratio by modifying the Pt thickness and following the evolution of the SOTs. Second, we explored different HM/FM/NM combinations, in order to study different interfaces. And third, we changed the properties of the interfaces by changing the crystallographic structure of the interface and by oxidation. The measurement technique and associated data analysis method, as well as the theoretical considerations needed for the interpretation of the results are also detailed in this manuscript
Majee, Arghya. "Effet thermoélectrique dans des dispersions colloïdales." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14568/document.
Full textIn this work we study the motion induced in a colloidal dispersion by thethermoelectric or Seebeck effect. As its basic principle, the ions of the electrolytesolution start moving in a temperature gradient. In general, the velocity of one iondiffers from another. As a result, one observes a charge separation and a macroscopicelectric field. This thermoelectric field, in turn, acts upon the charged colloidalparticle present in the solution. Thus thermophoresis of the particle comprises of anelectrophoretic motion in the thermoelectric or Seebeck field. As an important result,we derive how the corresponding velocity of a colloidal particle depends upon thecolloidal volume fraction or on molecular weight for polymers. In a second part, westudy the thermoelectric effect due to a hot colloidal particle where a radialtemperature gradient is produced by the particle itself. In this temperature gradientthe same Seebeck effect takes place in the electrolyte solution. We find that the hotparticle carries a significant amount of charge around it. Whereas the amount ofsurface charges present at the boundaries of the sample container in the onedimensionalcase is rather insignificant. Possible applications of this thermochargingphenomenon are also discussed
Ryu, Jae Hyung. "Reality & effect a cultural history of visual effects /." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03292007-172937/.
Full textTitle from file title page. Ted Friedman, committee chair; Kathy Fuller-Seeley, Angelo Restivo, Jung-Bong Choi, Alisa Perren, committee members. Electronic text (249 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Oct. 29, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 236-249).
Ryu, Jae Hyung. "Reality & Effect: A Cultural History of Visual Effects." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/communication_diss/13.
Full textNasrallah, Iyad. "Investigating charge trapping effects in organic field-effect transistors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709425.
Full textSutton, Akil K. "Displacement Damage and Ionization Effects in Advanced Silicon-Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7217.
Full textPhelps, Gretchen. "MAGNETO-OPTICAL EFFECTS AND PRECISION MEASUREMENT PHYSICS: ACCESSING THE MAGNETIC FARADAY EFFECT OF POLARIZED 3HE WITH A TRIPLE MODULATION TECHNIQUE." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/physastron_etds/15.
Full textAndersson, Patrik. "Indirekta effekter av luftvärnsoperationer : En begreppsutredande studie kring luftvärnets indirekta effekter under Kosovokonflikten." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-2682.
Full textThe Serbian Air Defence shot down a small number of airplanes during the Kosovo War. Even so, it turns out that NATO’s air operations were indirectly affected a lot by the Serbian Air Defence. The purpose of this dissertation is to problematize and define the term of indirect effect in the context of air defence and to apply it to an authentic conflict. The dissertation consists primarily of two interrelated studies. The first is an investigative study that culminates in a definition of the term indirect effect. Thereafter, a case study on the Kosovo conflict is used to concretize and exemplify the indirect effect. This conflict was chosen as both parties used primarily air power and air defence against each other. The study resulted in a definition of indirect effects that can be used to describe the effects of air defence operations. The case study showed that the indirect effect of the air defence were important for the progression of the conflict and ultimately may have delayed Milosevic's capitulation.
Johnsson, Anneli, and Heléne Orest. "Akupunktur : Patienters upplevelser av akupunkturbehandling vid migrän - en litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för Hälsa och Samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-8131.
Full textBackground: Migraine is considered one of our most common diseases and affects approximately 10% of the population. Patients who tried the acupuncture treatment had mostly positive experiences, and experienced good analgesic effect. Purpose: To highlight the migraine patient's experience of acupuncture treatment for migraine. Method: The study is based on totally ten scientific studies. Results: Two categories emerged, experiences the effects of acupuncture and experiences of acupuncture treatment. The patients described fewer and shorter migraine attacks and for some they ceased entirely. Mental health improved. It was difficult for patients to distinguish between real acupuncture or if they received the sham treatment sessions and it turned out that even sham acupuncture had a positive effect. Discussion: We need more and better studies to ensure acupuncture scientific impact and experience of pain in migraine. Acupuncture should be considered as a treatment for patients since good quality effects and experiences of pain relief are present. Conclusion: Most patients had positive experiences and were in favor of acupuncture as complementary treatment.
Persson, Åsa, and Bengt Sundberg. "Effekter av utbildning till personer som lever med epilepsi : en litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för omvårdnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-23959.
Full textBackground: Living with epilepsy leads to increased psychological stress. People with epilepsy often have insufficient knowledge about the disease and the need for education is essential. The person needs to learn the symptoms and ways to avoid exposing themselves to situations that may trigger seizures. Health professionals have an important role in education, counseling and support to people with epilepsy and their families. The aim of this literature overview was to describe and evaluate the effects of education to people with epilepsy and / or its family. To answer this, a literature overview was selected as a method consisting of scientific articles with a quantitative approach. The result showed that to educate individuals and / or its family in the knowledge of epilepsy and self-care ability could be successfully be carried out. Quality of life in people with epilepsy does not seem to get effect of patient education. The conclusion was that education seems to have positive effect for people with epilepsy on knowledge and self-care ability. Continued research with randomized, controlled trials with larger sample would be of great value to further increase the knowledge about the effects of education in people living with epilepsy.
Merlo, Adlan. "Ecoulements de suspensions de globules rouges dans des réseaux de micro-canaux : hétérogénéités et effets de réseau." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/24560/1/Merlo_Adlan.pdf.
Full textNachawaty, Abir. "Propriétés électroniques du graphène épitaxié proche de point de neutralité de charge." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS095/document.
Full textLocal and nonlocal magnetoresistances measurements on monolayer graphene grown on the silicon face of silicon carbide (SiC) are reported. The purpose of this work is to understand the physical phenomena appearing close to the charge neutrality point in these monolayers. The first issue to overcome was that graphene is generally strongly doped with electrons due to the interaction with the substrate. The control of the Fermi level has been realised using the corona discharge method. The disorder amplitude has been evaluated in these structures by : (i) fitting the resistivity dependence curve of the Hall coefficient obtained at room temperature; (ii) fitting the temperature dependence of the Hall density for samples that were prepared near the charge neutrality point. All these analyses gave a disorder strength equal to (20 ± 10) meV. It is then shown that for samples with low hole doping, the Hall resistance exhibits an ambipolar behavior as a function of the magnetic field. This behavior is accompanied by the appearance of a local maximum in the longitudinal resistance.This behavior is been explained by a charge transfer model between regions of different doping in graphene. Nevertheless, the microscopic origin of these regions is poorly known. Finally, nonlocal measurements carried out on these samples showed the appearance of important nonlocal resistances which in some cases exceed the corresponding longitudinal resistances. The analysis of these results shows that the contribution of spin current and thermal effects on the occurrence of these nonlocal voltages is neglegible. In contrast, the experimental data are reproduced quite well by a model based on counter-propagating edge states backscattered by the bulk
Worseck, Gábor. "The transverse proximity effect in quasar spectra." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1873/.
Full textDas intergalaktische Medium wird durch das intergalaktische UV-Hintergrundsstrahlungsfeld in einem hochgradig photoionisierten Zustand gehalten. Der UV-Hintergrund stammt von der gesamten Population von Quasaren und Galaxien. In der Nähe von leuchtkräftigen Quasaren, ist das UV-Strahlungsfeld lokal erhöht durch den Anteil der Quelle. Der höhere Ionisationsgrad ist beobachtbar als eine reduzierte Liniendichte oder allgemein als ein vermindertes Maß an Absorption im Lyman-alpha Wald des neutralen Wasserstoffs. Dieser sogenannte Proximity-Effekt ist bei leuchtkräftigen Quasaren mit hoher statistischer Signifikanz nachgewiesen worden. Falls Quasare fast isotrop strahlen, dann sollten Sichtlinien zu Hintergrundquasaren in der Nähe von Vordergrundquasaren eine Region mit verminderter Absorption zeigen. Trotz beträchtlichen Aufwands wurde solch ein transversaler Proximity-Effekt nur in wenigen Fällen entdeckt. Bisher waren Studien des transversalen Proximity-Effekts meist begrenzt durch die kleine Anzahl von geeigneten projizierten Paaren oder Gruppen von hochrotverschobenen Quasaren. Mit dem Ziel die Zahl der Quasargruppen in der Nähe von hellen Quasaren beträchtlich zu erhöhen, führen wir eine gezielte Suche nach schwachen Quasaren um 18 oft studierte Quasare durch. Unter den reduzierten und kalibrierten spaltlosen Spektren von 29000 Objekten auf einer Gesamtfläche von 4.39 Quadratgrad entdecken wir insgesamt 169 vorher unbekannte Quasarkandidaten anhand ihrer Emissionslinien. 81 potentielle z>1.7 Quasare werden ausgesucht zur Bestätigung mittels Spaltspektroskopie am Very Large Telescope (VLT). Wir können 80 von diesen als Quasare bestätigen. 64 der neu entdeckten Quasare liegen bei z>1.7. Die hohe Erfolgsrate der Nachfolgebeobachtungen deutet an, dass die Mehrzahl der verbleibenden Kandidaten ebenfalls Quasare sind. In 16 dieser Gruppen suchen wir nach dem transversalen Proximity-Effekt als eine systematische Unterdichte in der HI Lyman-alpha-Absorption. Wir nutzen eine neuartige Methode die zufälligen Absorptionsfluktuationen zu charakterisieren, um die Signifikanz des transversalen Proximity-Effekts abschätzen zu können. Weder schwach aufgelöste noch hoch aufgelöste Spektren von Hintergrundquasaren unserer Gruppen zeigen Anzeichen für einen transversalen Proximity-Effekt. Aufgrund von Monte Carlo Simulationen sollte der Effekt jedoch nur schwach in der Nähe von 3 Vordergrundquasaren detektierbar sein. Deshalb können wir nicht zwischen An- oder Abwesenheit des Effekts unterscheiden. Selbst in Abwesenheit von systematischen Effekten zeigen wir, dass eine statistisch signifikante Detektion des transversalen Proximity-Effekts mindestens 5 Hintergrundquasarspektren bei mittlerer Auflösung nahe Vordergrundquasaren erfordert, deren UV-Fluss den UV-Hintergrund um einen Faktor 3 übersteigt. Deshalb erfordern statistische Studien des transversalen Proximity-Effekts große Zahlen von geeigneten Quasaren. Zwei Sichtlinien zeigen HeII-Absorption. Ein Vergleich der HeII-Absorption mit der entsprechenden HI-Absorption liefert eine Abschätzung der Spektralform des UV-Strahlungsfelds, das typischerweise durch das HeII/HI Säulendichteverhältnis eta parameterisiert wird. Wir analysieren die fluktuierende spektrale Form des UV-Strahlungsfelds auf beiden Sichtlinien und korrelieren sie mit 7 Vordergrundquasaren. Auf der Sichtlinie zu Q0302-003 finden wir ein härteres Strahlungsfeld nahe 4 Vordergrundquasaren. In der direkten Umgebung der Quasare ist eta konsistent mit Werten von 25-100, wogegen bei großen Entfernungen zu den Quasaren eta>200 erforderlich ist. Die zweite Sichtlinie zu HE2347-4342 sondiert kleinere Rotverschiebungen. Wieder finden wir, dass das Strahlungsfeld nahe der 3 Vordergrundquasaren signifikant härter ist als im allgemeinen. Während eta trotzdem große Fluktuationen nahe den Quasaren aufweist, die wahrscheinlich von Strahlungstransport herrühren, ist das Strahlungsfeld in der Nähe der Quasare im Mittel härter als in großer Entfernung. Wir interpretieren diese Entdeckungen als die ersten Detektionen des transversalen Proximity-Effekts als eine lokale Fluktuation im spektralen Härtegrad. Kein signifikanter HI Proximity-Effekt ist für die 7 Vordergrundquasare vorhergesagt. Tatsächlich ist die HI-Absorption nahe den Quasaren nahe am oder etwas über dem Mittelwert, was darauf hindeutet, dass die schwache Signatur des transversalen Proximity-Effekts maskiert wird durch intrinsische Überdichten. Jedoch zeigen wir, dass der Härtegrad den transversalen Proximity-Effekt selbst in überdichten Regionen oder auf großen Distanzen sichtbar werden läßt. Deshalb ist der spektrale Härtegrad ein empfindliches physikalisches Maß für den transversalen Proximity-Effekt, der in der Lage ist, die Dichteentartung zu brechen, die die traditionelle Suche behindert.
Chaccour, Léa. "Développement d'une source VECSEL bifréquence pour la mesure de l'effet brillouin dans les fibres optiques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1098/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we focus on the development of a dual-frequency VECSEL source operating at 1550 nm for Brillouin based optical fiber sensors. We present the design and the realization of this dual-frequency source. We compare the obtained results to the recommended specifications for Brillouin fiber sensors. In a first step, we have examined the output power of VECSEL structures fabricated in the LPN-CNRS labs. The selected structure ensure an output power of ~200mW using a downward heat dissipation scheme. For our application, it is crucial to ensure a frequency difference between the two cavity modes close to 11 GHz. For this reason, in a second step, we have calculated the frequency difference tunability with several ways (rotation of the birefringent crystal, temperature variation of the birefringent crystal and cavity length variation). A large tunability (GHz order) is ensured when the birefringent crystal is rotated. A weak tunability (MHz order) is ensured by varying the cavity length and the crystal temperature. In a third step, we have demonstrated the realization of a dual-frequency VECSEL at 1550 nm; however, the obtained laser emission was unstable. By optimizing our optical table, the observed dual frequency emission was stable (using a resolution ~1 GHz). A better control of the laser emission stability is ensured by a better focalization of the pump spot diameter. For this reason we have used a single mode laser diode as a pump source. This type of source ensures the pumping of the fundamental cavity modes only. By examining the influence of intra cavity elements on output powers, we have concluded that, an output power around 50 mW can be obtained using an output coupler of 99% reflectivity and a Fabry-Perot etalon with FSR= 15 nm and filter function close to 0.56 nm at 99.5% transmission. In a fourth step, we have examined the stability of the dual-frequency emission with a resolution ~1 GHz for different values of the coupling constant coefficient. A stable dual-frequency emission is obtained with a coupling coefficient between the modes up to 70 %. By investigating the stability with a kHz resolution we have obtained a FHWM close to 200 kHz.To estimate the jitter of the beat frequency obtained we have examined the evolution of the frequency envelope over a minute. A jitter of 0.8 MHz/minute was observed
Barry, Justin. "The Solvent Cage Effect: Using Microviscosity to Predict the Recombination Efficiency of Geminate Radicals Formed by the Photolysis of the Mo-Mo Bond of Cpʹ2Mo2(CO)6." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23713.
Full textLallaï, Daniel. "Les déterminants des performances scolaires des écoles rurales : l’exemple des élèves de CM2 des classes à plusieurs cours dans les Alpes de Haute-Provence." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3073.
Full textIn the 1960s/1970s, all the studies have reported that pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds perform less well in school than those from advantaged backgrounds (Coleman, 1966 ; Bourdieu & Passeron, 1964 et 1970 ; Baudelot & Establet, 1971).Research during the 1990s/2000s has shown that pupils from rural schools get good performance (Oeuvrard, 1993 ; Lebossé, 1998, the works of the Rural School Observatory, 2001 et 2005).Yet rural territories are mostly composed of families who come from disadvantaged backgrounds. So, what are the reasons for these good results ?The objective of this study is to test the hypotheses that the effect of the establishment, the effect of the class and the effect of the teacher, which are specific to rural school, explain this good performance.To validate these hypotheses, a survey was conducted concerning the results of national assessments in 2011, for the 1810 pupils in CM2 of the schools situated in the department of Alpes de Haute-Provence. The data is used by means of statistical calculations and a content analysis of the inspection reports of these pupils' teachers.The findings of this research reveal that it is structural effects which are linked to the specificity of rural schools that are the determinants of these educational outcomes. These are in fact primary schools, those less than five classes, multigrade classrooms, only a few pupils enrolled in a class as well as teachers' specific professional acts and professional skills that explain this good performance
Cross, Freddie Lee. "The Contribution Of Respondent Computer Experience On Primacy Effect And Satisficing In Internet Surveys." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29876.
Full textPh. D.
Brun-Picard, Jérémy. "Une nouvelle génération d'étalons quantiques fondée sur l'effet Hall quantique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS549/document.
Full textThe future International System of Units, based on fundamental constants, will allow to take full advantage of the quantum standards of resistance, current and voltage that are linked to the planck constant and the elementary charge only.In this thesis, we have developed and studied a resistance standard based on the quantum Hall effect in graphene obtained by chemical vapor deposition (propane/hydrogen) on silicon carbide substrate. For the first time we were able to show that a graphene resistance standard could operate at more practical experimental conditions than its counterpart in GaAs/AlGaAs, ie at higher temperatures (T⋍10 K), weaker magnetics fields (B ⋍ 3,5 T) and larger measurement currents (I⋍500 μA). From an understanding and improvement perspective, we have analyzed the fabrication process of the Hall bar and its reproducibility, tested a method to modify the electronic density, and investigated the quantum Hall effect dissipation mechanisms.In a second part, we have demonstrated that it was possible torealize a programmable and versatile quantum current source from the elementary charge, by combining the two quantum standards of voltage and resistance in a quantum circuit integrating a cryogenic current comparator. Currents were generated in the range from 1 μA to 5 mA, with a relative uncertainty never achieved before of 10⁻⁸. We have also showed that this current standard, realizing the new definition of the ampere, could be used to calibrate an ammeter
Torén, Sara, and Sofi Westerlund. "Motiverande Samtal : - En metod till tobaksrökstopp?" Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-22131.
Full textSeveral earlier studies on MI as a method to smoking cessation shows positive and negative results to help smokers quit. MI is used by nurse’s today inpatients and in primary care to create behavior changes for instance smoking cessation. The aim of this study was to examine why it´s obscure if motivational interviewing (MI) is a method that can result to smoking cessation. The study was made as a literature review. Searches were made in Cinahl, Oxford Journals, PsycINFO, PubMed and SveMed+ and resulted in 15 selected articles. Several studies showed significant results that MI as a method for smoking cessation had effect but there were studies where MI showed negative effect. In the studies there are significant results that MI can help patients reduce smoking. The results of a few articles showed that participants with lower motivation didn´t succeed in smoking cessation. The conclusion is that more research on MI must be conducted on the connection between MI and motivation in smoking cessation. Caution must be taken if MI should be applied in care as a method for smoking cessation.
Shrader, Melissa. "PERCEIVED INFLUENCE OF THE PORTRAYAL OF WOMEN IN BEAUTY AND FASHION MAGAZINES ON BODY IMAGE." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4156.
Full textM.A.
Nicholson School of Communication
Sciences
Communication MA
Huang, Yan. "Assessments of the Direct and Indirect Effects of Anthropogenic Aerosols on Regional Precipitation over East Asia Using a Coupled Regional Climate-Chemistry-Aerosol Model." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6870.
Full textAl, Youssef Ahmad. "Étude par modélisation des événements singuliers (SET/SEU/SEL) induits par l’environnement radiatif dans les composants électroniques." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESAE0021/document.
Full textThe spatial radiative environment is particularly critical for the reliability of integrated circuits and embedded electronic systems. This environment loaded with energetic particles (proton, electron, heavy ions, etc.) can lead to transient (SET), or permanent (SEU) and insome cases destructive failures (Latchup, SEL) in embedded devices. The effect of a single particle is identified as a single event effect(SEE). The constraints imposed by technological integration push microelectronics manufacturers to consider the vulnerability of their components to Latchup while consideringnon-destructive phenomena such as data corruption (SEU/MBU). This thesis is the result ofcollaboration between ONERA and Sofradir, an electronic manufacturer of infrared imagers. The aim of this thesis is to study the singular effects (SET / SEU / SEL) of the CMOS technology used by Sofradir under cryogenic temperature conditions, and more particularly the Latchup effect
Sua, Mehmet. "Les effets des réseaux de distribution." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10064.
Full textThe analysis of the collective dimension of distribution networks in Turkish law reveals to observe in concrete the legal effects induced between the network members by the interlacing of bilateral contracts. It is important to note that the network is not formed by simple addition of contracts but with interlacing of contracts that produce legal effects for all contractors. This research applies to highlight how far a network can develop responsibilities and obligations to its members and aims to systematize the general rules of network which can organize these induced effects while respecting the limits of the law of contract. In the absence of a contractual provision, the network rules can be induced at the expense of the adherents are very small compared to those induced at the expense of the promoter, since the adherents do not have the power of directing the network comparable to the promoter's. On the one hand, adherents of the same network cannot act in their function as distributor as if he does not belong to the same network, in other words, each member has a duty to consider the other adherents in the accomplishment of its obligations, since it is about obligations where the non-execution affects the business of other members or the common image of the network, on the other hand, being the founder and permanent director of a contractual system, the promoter has the obligation to assure the coherence and cohesion of the network
Морозова, Ірина Анатоліївна, Ирина Анатольевна Морозова, Iryna Anatoliivna Morozova, and M. S. Naidenko. "Greenhouse Effect." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16015.
Full textGrälls, Conrad. "The Quantum Hall Effect." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teoretisk fysik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414712.
Full textDen kvantmekaniska hall-effekten uppstår när en strömbärande ledare placeras i ett vinkelrätt magnetfält. Om vissa villkor är uppfyllda, såsom starkt magnetfält och låg temperatur, blir resistiviteten kvantiserad. Given av heltal (integer) eller fraktions-(fractional) multiplar av h/e2. Genom att analysera elektroners rörelse i ett magnetfält klassiskt och kvantmekaniskt fås information om Hall-effekterna; integer quantum Hall effect och fractional quantum Hall effect, med hjälp av de två gauge potentialerna Landau gauge och Symmetrisk gauge. Resistansmetrologi är ett forskningsområde som kvant Hall-effekten har starkt påverkat genom att tillhandahålla ett sätt att universellt upprätthålla ohm-enheten med betydligt mindre osäkerhet än tidigare.
Néel, Baptiste. "Déstabilisation, rupture et fragmentation spontanées et stimulées de films liquides." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0578/document.
Full textThis thesis deals primarily with liquid films fragmentation. It consists, thanks to quantitative and original experiments, in the transformation of a free suspended film into a collection of droplets: destabilization, rupture, and fragmentation.In a prologue, notions of capillarity, momentum transfer and viscosity are introduced by the Marangoni-driven destabilization of a thin thread of viscous oil on water. The difference of surface tension feeds an accelerated, critical, self-similar cascade which ends up with the complete dilution of oil into water. When applied to a free film, the Marangoni effect driven by a localized deficit of surface tension, whose carrier (temperature or a solute) is diffusing into the liquid, destabilizes it (chapter two). The linear instability analysis points out the crucial role of an inertial timescale based on the surface shear stress. Experiments validate the prediction of an interstitial flow, which digs out the film in the case of a surface tension deficit. These observations offer new insights into a long-standing problem, namely the spontaneous nucleation of holes on planar liquid films.The third chapter investigates the consequences of the linear instability, as far as the film final stability is concerned, reviewing possible regularizations. The rupture dynamics is described within the framework of shocks. In the final chapter, the collision of liquid cylinders is identified as an individual mechanism for liquid fragmentation. The impact dynamics is analyzed, leading to two principal fragmentation regimes. The onset to the splashing one, which produces fine and fast droplets, is described
Pioli, Renan Moraes. "Efeito da modificação da porção imínica de betalaínas sobre as suas propriedades eletrônicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-07022019-140702/.
Full textBetalains are natural pigments derived from L-tyrosine that are found in a restricted number of plants and fungi. From the chemical point of view, betalains are imines or iminium salts that originate from the aldimine coupling between betalamic acid and amines or amino acids. Although more than 70 natural betalains are known, studies on structure-property relationships of betalains are still limited. This doctoral thesis describes the semi-synthesis and study of the hydrolysis as well as photophysical and redox properties of three groups of non-natural betalaines: N-phenylbetalaines (pBeets), N-methyl-N-phenylbetalines (N-Me-pBeets) and N,N-diphenylbetalaines (dipBeets). The study of fourteen substituted pBeets suggests that the imine portion of these compounds is protonated in neutral aqueous medium and that attractive electron substituents on the phenyl portion favor the displacement of 2-piperidene nitrogen charge to the imine portion. The hydrolysis constant increases linearly with the increase of the Hammett\'s σp value of the substituent, given the increase in the electrophilicty of the aldimine carbon. On the other hand, pBeets with attractive electron substituents are more fluorescent. The addition of methyl or phenyl to the imine nitrogen creates a hydrophobic environment upon water attack and decreases the hydrolysis rate constant, however, causing a decrease in fluorescence. The results were rationalized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, spectrophotometry and cyclic voltammetry.
Demangeat, Catherine. "Vers le contrôle de la chiralité axiale des (hétéro)biaryles en l’absence de métaux de transition via le couplage." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0232/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis work was to provide novel access to axially chiral heterobiaryls following a transition metal free atropoenantioselective synthetic route. This project combines the Csp2-Csp2 Aryne coupling methodology, and an enantioselective approach, the ICE concept (ionic chiral environment). This concept relies on the implementation of chiral ligands as metal (Li) stabilizers with organolithium coupling partners. The chiral environment resulting from the chiral aggregates obtained must induce chirality during the coupling step. The first part of this work aimed to develop an heterocyclic version of the Aryne route in achiral conditions. The results of this study revealed a clear correlation between the electronic nature of the heterocyclic partner and its reactivity in the Aryne coupling. Thiophene, especially, proved to furnish promising results and allowed us to further develop the method. Second part of this work aimed to develop the reaction in the appropriate solvent conditions so that chiral mixed metal aggregates could be envisioned. This study outlined the remarkable effect of external chelating ligands (polyethers, polyamines, aminoalkoxides,…) and salt additives (Li, Zn, K,…) on the aryne coupling reaction in apolar media. The best reaction conditions emerging from this work were then successfully applied to others heterocyclic coupling partners. In parallel, theoretical calculations using density functional theory showed good agreement with experimental work and allowed us to propose mechanistic scheme for the reaction. Last part of this work focused on the reaction of hindered heterocyclic coupling partners with thiophene and benzothiophene derivatives