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1
Samson, Deborah Christine Veronica. "The effect of mood induction on fear reduction." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26912.
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The present research examined the relationship between mood and fear. A musical mood induction technique was utilized to induced either a happy mood or a sad mood in eighty-four female university students fearful of spiders or snakes. Following mood induction, subjects underwent in vivo systematic desensitization to reduce their fear. Fear levels were reassessed four weeks later and those subjects who showed a return of fear underwent a second session of exposure therapy. Measures of subjective fear and self-efficacy were taken before and after mood induction and again after fear reduction. The length of time taken to reduce fear was also recorded. The findings showed that an induced sad mood led to greater subjective fear and lower self-efficacy compared with an induced happy mood. In addition, an induced sad mood during fear reduction was associated with greater return of fear four weeks later. No difference was found in the length of time taken to reduce fear for happy and sad subjects.
This study also addressed the issue of mood state dependency of fear reduction. It was hypothesized that subjects who underwent their second session of fear reduction while in a mood state congruent with that of their first session would show more rapid habituation than those in an incongruent mood state. The results did not support this hypothesis.
If the findings of this investigation prove generalizable to clinical depression, they suggest that the most effective approach in treating individuals who are both clinically depressed and anxious may be to treat the depression before beginning exposure to fearful situations or stimuli.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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OSADA, Hiroshi, and 博. 長田. "Poverty Reduction in Vietnam, 2001-2005: Trickle-Down Effect or PRSP Effect?" 名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10580.
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OSADA, Hiroshi. "Poverty Reduction in Vietnam, 2001-2005:Trickle-Down Effect or PRSP Effect?" 名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9068.
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Hummatov, Ruslan. "Effect Of Support Material In Nox Storage/reduction Catalysts." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612432/index.pdf.
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Energy need in transportation and industry is mainly met by fossil fuels. This causes consumption of resources and some environmental problems. Diesel and gasoline engines are developed to consume fuel efficiently in vehicles. Since these engines work in a low fuel to air ratio, it becomes difficult to reduce nitrogen oxide emission. For this reason NO x storage/reduction (NSR) catalysts have been developed. While engines are operating under lean conditions alkaline or alkaline-earth component of NSR catalysts capture nitrogen oxides and
during fuel rich period stored nitrates are reduced to nitrogen and oxygen gases. To develop this technology, different system parameters, for example system components and reaction environments have been widely investigated experimentally. To supplement the experimental
findings, binding energies and structural properties of NO x on different catalyst components have been investigated theoretically.
It has been experimentally observed that adding TiO2 to other conventional support materials increases resistance against sulfur poisoning, which is one of the main problems concerning NSR catalysts. For this reason, in this thesis (001) and (101) anatase surfaces have been investigated. Moreover, the effects of barium oxide units and layers on the electronic properties of the (001) anatase surface have been studied. To observe the effects of TiO2 as a support component, interactions of NO2 and SO2 on the unsupported and anatase supported (100) BaO surfaces have been compared. A clear increase in sulfur resistance has been observed in the presence of TiO2 in the catalyst under certain conditions.
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Dongchen, Wang. "Effect of Density on the Reduction of Fe2O3 Pellets by H2-CO Mixtures." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-100933.
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This study aims to find how density affects the reduction extent and reduction rate. H2-CO gas mixture is used as reducing agent. Five groups of different density pellets were reduced at four different temperatures. Light optical microscope (LOM) and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) used to detect completely and partially reduced pellets to investigate how density affects the reduction mechanisms. Results illustrate that density affects reduction extent and reduction rate a lot. However, when reaction temperature is 1123 K, density has less influenc on reduction extent. The carbon deposition occurred for high density pellets at 973 K and 1023 K. The reduction process cannot be described by a single rate controlling step. Reduced layer is denser compared with unreduced layer. Reaction at initial stages goes much faster than later stages.
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Smith, Casey Eben Reidy Richard F. "Advanced technology for source drain resistance reduction in nanoscale FinFETs." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-6052.
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Ward, Michael Patrick. "Biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology of nitrite reduction in barley." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14341.
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Nitrite reduction is the third step of the nitrate assimilation pathway in higher plants and is catalysed by nitrite reductase. The whole-plant barley mutants STA1010, STA2760 and STA4169 accumulate nitrite in the leaf after treatment with nitrate and, like the nir1 mutant STA3999 (Duncanson et al, 1993), lack detectable nitrite reductase cross-reacting material in the leaf and root. STA1010, STA2760 and STA4169 carry a recessive mutation in a single nuclear gene, identified as the Nir1 locus. RFLP analysis of the nir1 mutant STA3999 has allowed the Nir1 locus to be mapped to within 0.3cM of the nitrite reductase apoprotein gene, Nii. Studies to confirm the identity of the Nir1 locus as Nii, by establishing the full-length Nii cDNA sequences from STA3999 and from its wild-type cv Tweed for comparative purposes, were unsuccessful as attempts to isolate a Nii cDNA clone from a barley cv Tweed cDNA library yielded only partial-length Nii clones. These nirl mutants display greatly reduced nitrite reductase activity and increased NADH-nitrate reductase activity in the leaf, as compared to wild-type plants, suggesting a regulatory perturbation in the expression of the Nar1 gene. Northern analysis shows that the nir1 mutants possess nitrite reductase apoprotein (nii) transcript of wild-type size (2.3kb) and at approximately wild-type levels. Since nir1 mutants possess a phenotype that might be anticipated for a Nii mutant, it is likely that the nir1 mutation is present in the nitrite reductase apoprotein gene Nii and affects translation of the nii transcript. Studies of barley wild-type cv Golden Promise have demonstrated that nitrite reductase in leaf tissue is up-regulated by a coaction of nitrate and light which acts, at least partly, at the transcriptional level.
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Wang, Chunlei. "Permeability reduction in landfill drainage layer - Effect of carbonate materials." Ohio : Ohio University, 1995. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1178821138.
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Marathay, Prashant Arvind 1965. "The effect of particle size on the reduction of ilmenite." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291694.
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The effect of particle size on ilmenite (FeTiO₃) reduction was studied by experimentally determining the intrinsic activation energy and modeling the data using a shrinking core model. The model accounted for both kinetics and ash diffusion control and allowed for a variable diffusivity as a function of conversion. The intrinsic activation energy was determined by reducing ilmenite particles ranging from 60 to 400 mesh with H₂ and CO partial pressures between .131 and .156 atm over a temperature range of 812 to 1173°C. The activation energy for hydrogen reduction was found to be 22.3 kcal/mol and the activation energy for carbon monoxide reduction was found to be 16.1 kcal/mol.
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Lau, Ka Keung. "Effect of Oâ†3 fumigation on nitrate reduction in plants." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337586.
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Rahnama, Behzad. "Reduction of Environmental Impact Effect of Disposing Wind Turbine Blades." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-217000.
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Wind power industry is expected to be one of the fastest growing renewable energy sources inthe world. The growth specially focuses on growing industries and markets, because ofeconomical condition for wind power development besides political decisions.According to growth of wind turbine industries, wind turbine blades are growing fast in both sizeand number. The problem that now arises is how to deal with the blades at the end of their lifecycle. This Master Thesis describes existing methods of disposing wind turbine blades.Moreover, the thesis considers alternative method of disposing blades, based on environmentaland safety consideration.
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Bibi, Nargis. "Mitigating the effect of soft-limiting for OFDM peak reduction." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618002.
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Digital communication systems which use Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) are now widely used and have many advantages. The main disadvantage is the requirement for highly linear analogue electronics including the high power amplifier (HPA). This requirement cannot be met in all circumstances because of the occurrence of symbols with high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Such symbols may be non-linearly distorted by limiting. Approaches to solve this problem have been either to reduce the PAPR at the transmitter or to try to mitigate the effect of the non-linearity at the receiver. Soft-limiting, i.e. applying limiting in software prior to the HPA is a simple way to reduce the PAPR. It produces non-linear distortion which will cause an increase in the bit-error-rate (BER) at the receiver. This thesis surveys existing alternatives ways of reducing the effect of non-linearity and proposes some new ones. Two iterative receiver techniques, based on statistical analysis of the nature of the non-linearity, have been implemented and investigated. These are the ‘Bussgang Noise Cancellation’ (BNC) technique and the ‘Decision Aided Reconstruction’ (DAR) techniques. As these techniques are valid for any memory-less nonlinearity, an alternative form of limiting, named as Inverted-Wraparound (IWRAP) has been included in the BNC investigation. A new method is proposed which is capable of correcting the received time-domain samples that are clipped, once they have been identified. This is named the ‘Equation-Method’ and it works by identifying constellation symbols that are likely to be correct at the receiver. If there are a sufficient number of these and they are correctly identified, the FFT may be partitioned to produce a set of equations that may be solved for the clipped time-domain samples. The thesis proposes four enhancements to this new method which improve its effectiveness. It is shown that the best form of this method outperforms conventional techniques especially for severe clipping levels. The performance of these four enhancements is evaluated over channels with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) in addition to clipping distortion. A technique based on a ‘margin factor’ is designed to make these methods work more effectively in the presence of AWGN noise. A new combining algorithm referred as ‘HARQ for Clipping’ is presented where soft bit decisions are combined from multiple transmissions. ‘HARQ for Clipping’ has been combined with the best version of the Equation-Method, and the performance of this approach is evaluated in terms of the BER with different levels of AWGN. It has been compared to other approaches from the literature and was found to out-perform the BNC iterative receiver by 3dB at signal to noise ratios around 10dB. Without HARQ, the best version of the Equation-Method performs better than the BNC receiver, at signal-to-nose ratios above about 17dB.
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Fredericks, Fadwah. "The effect of affirmative action on the reduction of employment discrimination." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5265.
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Magister Commercii - MComSouth African labour relations are associated with a history of extensive discrimination and segregation, subject to various types of discrimination during the apartheid era, including employment discrimination. This study explores the effect of Affirmative Action on the reduction (if any) of employment discrimination since the advent of democracy. It investigates whether the extent of employment discrimination by race and gender has decreased, 20 years since the economic transition. The first part of the study gives an overview of the South African labour legislations, both discriminative legislations and statutes aimed at redressing the imbalances of the past. The empirical part of the paper employs a sample that represents the labour force (excluding informal sector workers, agricultural workers, domestic workers and self-employed) aged between 15 and 65 years. The methodology in this study firstly estimates probit models describing the labour force participation, employment and occupational attainment, followed by the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, using data from OHS 1997-1999, LFS 2000-2007, QLFS 2008-2014 and NIDS 2008-2012. The OHS/LFS/QLFS decomposition results show that the unexplained component of the White-Black employment probability gap does not reveal any strong downward trend overtime. Also, results on the occupational attainment gap indicate that there was an increasing occupational attainment probability gap between Whites and Blacks which was partially driven by an increase in the unexplained component. This implies that Affirmative Action was not successful in reducing racial discrimination in the South African labour market. Additionally, the unexplained component is most dominant in the male-female employment gap decomposition. This suggests employment discrimination against females is very serious. However, the male-female highly-skilled employment likelihood shows no clear trend over time. These results suggest that when it comes to employment discrimination against females, this may have taken place more seriously when it comes to the unskilled or semi-skilled occupations.
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Smith, Casey Eben. "Advanced Technology for Source Drain Resistance Reduction in Nanoscale FinFETs." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6052/.
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Dual gate MOSFET structures such as FinFETs are widely regarded as the most promising option for continued scaling of silicon based transistors after 2010. This work examines key process modules that enable reduction of both device area and fin width beyond requirements for the 16nm node. Because aggressively scaled FinFET structures suffer significantly degraded device performance due to large source/drain series resistance (RS/D), several methods to mitigate RS/D such as maximizing contact area, silicide engineering, and epitaxially raised S/D have been evaluated.
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Khatib, Oussama-Mohmad. "Peripheral and central effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244094.
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Zhou, Ping. "ERROR ANALYSIS AND DATA REDUCTION FOR INTERFEROMETRIC SURFACE MEASUREMENTS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195309.
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High-precision optical systems are generally tested using interferometry, since it often is the only way to achieve the desired measurement precision and accuracy. Interferometers can generally measure a surface to an accuracy of one hundredth of a wave. In order to achieve an accuracy to the next order of magnitude, one thousandth of a wave, each error source in the measurement must be characterized and calibrated.Errors in interferometric measurements are classified into random errors and systematic errors. An approach to estimate random errors in the measurement is provided, based on the variation in the data. Systematic errors, such as retrace error, imaging distortion, and error due to diffraction effects, are also studied in this dissertation. Methods to estimate the first order geometric error and errors due to diffraction effects are presented.Interferometer phase modulation transfer function (MTF) is another intrinsic error. The phase MTF of an infrared interferometer is measured with a phase Siemens star, and a Wiener filter is designed to recover the middle spatial frequency information.Map registration is required when there are two maps tested in different systems and one of these two maps needs to be subtracted from the other. Incorrect mapping causes wavefront errors. A smoothing filter method is presented which can reduce the sensitivity to registration error and improve the overall measurement accuracy.Interferometric optical testing with computer-generated holograms (CGH) is widely used for measuring aspheric surfaces. The accuracy of the drawn pattern on a hologram decides the accuracy of the measurement. Uncertainties in the CGH manufacturing process introduce errors in holograms and then the generated wavefront. An optimal design of the CGH is provided which can reduce the sensitivity to fabrication errors and give good diffraction efficiency for both chrome-on-glass and phase etched CGHs.
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Wang, Bin. "Reduction of acoustic fields of horn-like structures by optimization of network resonators." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1155/document.
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Le bruit généré dans la zone de contact entre un pneumatique et une route peut être amplifié par des dièdres constitués des surfaces du pneumatique et la route. Cette étude est consacrée à l'optimisation et à la conception de bandes de roulement et de textures de la route pour réduire l'amplification de l'effet dièdre sur la base de l'annulation de sons. Les bandes de roulement et les textures de la route peuvent être considérées comme deux réseaux dans la zone de contact. Les surfaces du pneumatique et de la route peuvent être considérées comme des baffles. Un modèle de réseau à baffle est constitué pour le système pneumatique / chaussée, et des procédés de couplage multi-domaines sont développés pour le calcul des champs acoustiques autour des réseaux à baffles. Avec ce modèle, la réduction des amplifications de l'effet dièdre par les réseaux peut être estimée. Étant donné que les réductions sont autour des fréquences de résonance de l'air à l'intérieur des réseaux, des méthodes numériques simples pour estimer les fréquences de résonance sont développées. Afin de concevoir des réseaux pour obtenir les fréquences de résonance recherchées, une méthode d'optimisation sur la base des algorithmes génétiques est proposée. Les méthodes d'estimation des fréquences de résonance sont validées avec des mesures. Les méthodes d'optimisation et le modèle des réseaux bafflés sont également vérifiées par les expériences. Une structure avec un cylindre en bois et une feuille de contreplaqué est construite pour les validations. Un vrai pneumatique sur une feuille de contreplaqué est également mesuré et calculé avec les méthodes proposées. Les bandes de roulement sont optimisées avec les méthodes proposées. Plusieurs réductions des amplifications de l'effet dièdre peuvent être vues et sont estimées avec les méthodes de couplage multi-domaines. La dimension des motifs de texture de la route est également étudiée afin de trouver les réductions maximales des amplificationsThe noise generated in the contact zone between a tire and a road can be amplified by horns constituted of the surfaces of the tire and the road. This study is devoted to the optimization and the design of tire treads and road textures for reducing the amplification of horn effect based on the sound cancellation. The tire treads and the road textures can be considered as two dimensional networks in the contact zone. The surfaces of the tire and the road can be seen as flanges. A model of flanged networks is established for the tire/road system, and multi-domain coupling methods are developed for the calculation of the acoustic fields around the flanged networks. With this model the reductions of the amplifications of horn effect by the networks can be estimated. Since the reductions are around the resonant frequencies of air inside the networks, simple numerical methods for estimating the resonant frequencies are developed. In order to design the networks to get wanted resonant frequencies, an optimization method based on genetic algorithms is proposed. The methods for estimating the resonant frequencies are validated with measurements. The optimization methods and the model of the flanged networks are also proved to be effective by the experiments. The wooden networks between a wooden cylinder and a sheet of plywood are built for the validation. A real tire on a sheet of plywood is also measured and calculated with the proposed methods. Last the tire treads are optimized with the optimization methods. Multiple reductions of the amplifications of horn effect can be seen and are estimated with the multi-domain coupling methods. The road brick dimension is also investigated in order to find the maximum reductions of the amplifications
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Tugtas, Adile Evren. "Effect of Nitrate Reduction on the Methanogenic Fermentation: Process Interactions and Modeling." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-01122007-155216/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.Sotira Yiacoumi, Committee Member ; Patricia Sobecky, Committee Member ; Ching-Hua Huang, Committee Member ; Dr. Spyros Pavlostathis, Committee Chair ; Frank Loeffler, Committee Member.
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Jönsson, Peter. "Procedure for the reduction of the effect of transient whole body vibrations /." Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2005. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1544/2005/03/index.html.
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Wang, Yanli. "Effect of reduction treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of fluorite oxides." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0017364.
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Williams, Tracee Felice. "The Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Chiropractic Care on Stress Reduction." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4581.
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Decreasing the impact of stressors on the body remains an important area of study for the affected population. While there is evidence showing that cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), a psychotherapy approach, results in decreased stress, little was found about the effects of chiropractic treatment (CC) on stress. The purpose of this quantitative archival study was to determine whether the combination therapy of CC and CBT was more effective in decreasing stress than CBT independently. Cognitive neuropsychology served as the theoretical lens. Client data from a mental health and chiropractic care center on the West coast (N = 112) were divided into 2 treatment groups, CBT and CC and CBT alone. Pre and posttreatment data were collected on stress, anxiety, and nerve conduction. ANOVA test results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the mean change scores between the 2 groups in terms of individual participants' stress, anxiety, and nerve interference. Although there was no significant interaction effect, results showed that both the combination therapy and CBT alone led to a decrease in stress and anxiety and an increase in the nerve conduction of participant's posttreatment. While this archival study did not yield evidence of the benefits of CC for stress-related disorders, its results suggest that future researchers should pursue more direct efforts to evaluate the effects of combination therapies. Considering the high number of people who experience stress-related challenges, the incorporation of CC along with a psychological treatment might engender positive social change for individuals and healthcare practitioners through the potential reduction of stress.
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Spittell, Catherine. "The Effect of Virtual Versus Live Aquarium Viewing on Induced Stress Reduction." Ohio Dominican University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oduhonors1576316099732511.
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Chauruka, Sandra Rutendo. "Effect of milling on size reduction and microstructural changes to gamma-alumina." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12223/.
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This thesis sets out to evaluate the effects of milling on the microstructural changes to gamma-Alumina, a well-used catalyst support. It reviews the literature as it relates to the characterisation that has been done so far on this material, different milling methods and effects of milling. The review section considers the strengths and weaknesses of previous work in the areas of structural characterisation of gamma-Alumina as well as reports on the effects of milling of the material with particular interest in size reduction and phase transformation. Working from the base of current knowledge, experiments that can fill in the gap identified from the review are designed. The material under investigation is characterised as received for particle size and morphology and this gives a base for further experimental investigations. Various experiments are designed centred around exposure of gamma-Alumina to different milling conditions. These include the use of different mills, variation of milling conditions and isolation of stress modes. Furthermore, results from Discrete Element Method simulations of one selected mill, provided by Professor Junya Kano of Tohoku University in Japan are analysed for energy quantification. Data processing of the results of the operation of a second mill, simulated by Discrete Element Method at the University of Leeds by Dr Colin Hare and Dr Ali Hassanpour is also used to quantify energies associated with the milling process. It is concluded that microstructural changes to gamma-Alumina are very much energy driven processes. The jet mill has proven a worthy candidate for size reduction in small scale processes. The size reduction analysis shows that gamma-Alumina requires the presence of a dispersive agent such as water or compressed air for efficient size reduction. The characterisation work combined with the simulation results show that the amount of energy dissipated into the microstructure of gamma-Alumina during a collision governs the extent of microstructural effects. Results also show that with the supply of different energies to milling processes, mechanical energy can achieve a phase transformation from gamma-Alumina to alpha-Alumina similar to that achieved by calcination where delta-alumna and theta-Alumina are observed as intermediate phases. Simulation also provides a tool for prediction and selection of milling processes appropriate for the required end product.
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Saunders, R. N. "The effect of rapamycin after cyclosporin dose reduction on chronic allograft nephropathy." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29442.
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Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) is the commonest cause of late decline in renal allograft function and subsequent failure. Histopathologically it is underpinned by the accumulation of extracellular matrix. The first chapter provides a thorough review of the current opinions regarding the aetiology, pathophysiology and management of this complex condition. Overexposure to Cyclosporin is a major risk factor for chronic allograft nephropathy and thus Cyclosporin dose reduction has been advocated in some reports. Rapamycin is a relatively new immunosuppressant, recently introduced in renal transplantation. The second chapter reviews this new agent and discusses experimental evidence supporting its use in patients with chronic allograft nephropathy. The aim of this work was to determine the impact of the addition of Rapamycin after Cyclosporin dose reduction in renal allograft recipients with chronic allograft nephropathy and thus to ascertain whether such a regimen was beneficial. In order to achieve this 31 renal transplant recipients with biopsy confirmed CAN were prospectively randomised to receive either a 40% dose reduction in Cyclosporin (control), or a 40% dose reduction in Cyclosporin with the addition of Rapamycin 2mg/day (Rapa). Renal function and side effect parameters were assessed at 1,2,4,6,8 weeks, 3 and 6 months. The third chapter presents the clinical results. Proteinuria, serum creatinine and calculated GFR were similar in both groups. However the rate of decline of the calculated GFR was reduced over the study in control but not Rapa patients. Furthermore radio-isotope GFR fell in those in the Rapa group but not controls. The use of Rapamycin was safe with only relatively minor side effects and some temporary haematological and hyperlipidaemic changes. The patients above had a renal allograft biopsy on recruitment and again at 6 months. Glomeruli were plucked from the surface of each biopsy core and these as well as a small sample of interstitium underwent total mRNA extraction. Complementary DNA was synthesized by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reactions used to amplify specific genes involved in the turnover of extracellular matrix in CAN. These were quantified using an ELISA technique. The fourth chapter details the changes in expression of some of these genes in. In glomeruli, TGF|3-1 remained constant in Rapa patients but fell in controls. Collagen III and TIMP-2 increased in those taking Rapamycin but not in controls. TIMP-1 and MMP-2 expression increased in a similar fashion in both groups. Glomerular TGFp-1, TIMP-1 and -2 expression appeared to be related to calculated GFR. There were fewer molecular changes within the interstitium but collagen III expression increased in Rapa patients. The fifth chapter discusses the use of Sirius red staining and computerised histomorphometry in order to obtain an accurate assessment of the impact of this regimen on the amount of collagen present in the biopsies taken above. The interstitial volume fraction of biopsy cores stained with Sirius Red fell over the study in controls but a similar effect did not occur in Rapa patients. The final chapter concludes that the addition of Rapamycin (2 mg/day) after Cyclosporin dose reduction in patients with CAN did not improve functional outcome or molecular and histological markers of CAN. Possible explanations are discussed and the need for a larger multicentre trial emphasised in order to substantiate these findings. Studies utilising complete Cyclosporin elimination with the addition of Rapamycin may have better prospects for the future.
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Deonarine, Justin. "Noise reduction limits the McGurk Effect." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6046.
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In the McGurk Effect (McGurk & MacDonald, 1976), a visual depiction of a speaker silently mouthing the syllable [ga]/[ka] is presented concurrently with the auditory input [ba]/[pa], resulting in “fused” [da]/[ta] being heard. Deonarine (2010) found that increasing the intensity (volume) of the auditory input changes the perception of the auditory input from [ga] (at quiet volume levels) to [da], and then to [ba] (at loud volume levels). The present experiments show that reducing both ambient noise (additional frequencies in the environment) and stimulus noise (excess frequencies in the sound wave which accompany the intended auditory signal) prevents the illusory percept. This suggests that noise is crucial to audiovisual integration and that the McGurk effect depends on the existence of auditory ambiguity.
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Ju, Li, and 朱立. "Layer Assignment for Antenna Effect Reduction." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18695905328776504784.
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Yu, Shih-Yuan, and 游世元. "Study of NO reduction and SO2 poisoning effect for low temperature selective catalytic reduction process–Effect of Supports." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53672635403416022868.
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碩士國立交通大學
環境工程系所
100
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is one of the best techniques for nitrogen oxides removals. Many industrial plants such as power plants and steel plants commonly apply it for removing NOx. The WO3 promoted V2O5/ TiO2 catalyst is one of the most widely employed SCR catalysts, which is active within a temperature window of 250~400℃. If SCR unit can be installed at downstream of the Flue Gas De-sulfurization (FGD) and particulate control devices, the poisoning effects by high concentration SO2 and particles can be avoided. However, the temperature at this point is typically below 200℃, moreover, there is still low concentration of SO2 in the flue gas even after FGD system. Therefore, development of a superior low temperature SCR catalyst with high activity and resistant to SO2 would improve the cost-effectiveness of SCR. In this study, metal oxides were deposited on different supports using aqueous solution of metal precursor by co-precipitation method. A simulated SO2 poisoning system was designed for the reduction of NO with NH3 at low temperature. The reaction conditions were as follows：200 ppm NO, 30~150 ppm SO2, reaction temperature of 150℃ and GHSV of 5000h-1. The results showed that Mn10wt% Ce4wt% Fe6wt% supported on TiO2：Al2O3：Lignite＝8：1：1 catalyst exhibited the best resistance to SO2. Without SO2, the deNO efficiency was maintained at around 85% through the 30hr test. Under the presence of 30 ppm SO2, The efficiency was maintained at around 83% after 30 hr test. The inhibition effect of SO2 was characterized using BET, NH3-TPD and NO-TPD. As catalysts were poisioned by SO2, the NO adsorbed on the catalysts increased a lot, which resulted in the inhibition of NH3 and the subsequent reaction of NH3 and NO. Besides, the formation and deposition of ammonia sulfate at such low temperature also reduced the surface area for the active reaction.
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JIAN, XIANG LIAO, and 廖建翔. "The Effect of Substantial Capital Reduction on." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xb7f2s.
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碩士僑光科技大學
財務金融研究所
103
Substantial capital reduction is the main issue of the research. We apply the event study method to investigate the effects of substantial capital reduction of shares of listed companies (cabinet). Discussion of the incident research method has important discovery. First, the implementation of short-term capital reduction has no effect on the company&;#39;s share price, but in the long term, have a positive effect on the stock. Second, the implementation of stock repurchase of the company, either short or long, had a positive effect on the stock. Third, in the long term, the positive reaction of stock repurchase shares is greater than the cash capital decrease. Fourth, cash of company capital on the stock price reaction is treasury stock is small, but in the long-term, both of them have no significant difference. Fifth, in the non - electronic, whether short-term or long-term, treasury stock company stock price has a positive reaction than cash capital decrease greater. Sixth, in the long-term cash reduction, non-electronic unit price has negative reaction than electronic stock company. Seventh, stock repurchase in the long-term, non-electronic stock has a positive reaction than the larger electronics corporation.
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Cai, ZongZhe, and 蔡宗哲. "The Effect of music on pressure-reduction." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19154573995904091431.
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碩士明志科技大學
工業工程與管理研究所
99
In current competitive society, it is often that people are under constant pressure, therefore, understanding the source of pressure and finding method to cope with pressure had become a very important topic.One of the most common method to relieve pressure is through music as it allows people to reach their inner self and brings comfort and happiness to the mind.This research uses physiological signals from Skin Conductance, Finger Temperature, Heart Rate, and Respiratory Rate to explore and analyze the effectiveness of different musical situation on relieving pressure.This research uses physiological signals from Skin Conductance, Finger Temperature, Heart Rate, and Respiratory Rate to explore and analyze the effectiveness of different musical situation on relieving pressure.
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Cagle, Russell John. "Effect of hamstring temperature reduction on quadricep's torque." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36524.
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Lu, Hsiao-Wen, and 呂曉雯. "The Effect of Capital Reduction on Stock Prices." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59397471082260973726.
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碩士國立成功大學
會計學系碩博士班
95
This study examines the reaction of stock price to the capital reduction and factors influencing such price reaction. We define the capital-reducing behaviors in three forms: to recognize earnings deficits, to repurchase stocks for retiring them, and to return contributed capital to shareholders. The sample firms are TSEC or OTC listed companies executing capital reduction from January, 2000 to May, 2007. The announcement on capital reduction for recognizing earnings deficits has a significantly negative reaction to stock price, and the cash equivalents to total assets ratio, the ratio of capital reduction, and E/P ratio affect such price reaction. The cash equivalents to total assets ratio and the ratio of capital reduction are negatively correlated with stock price, but E/P ratio is positively related to stock price. The announcement on stock price reaction to repurchase stocks for retirement has a significantly positive price reaction. The debt ratio and E/P ratio influence such price reaction. Debt ratio is negatively correlated with stock price, while E/P ratio is positively related to stock price. The announcement of the capital reduction for returning contributed capital to shareholders has a significantly positive stock price reaction in the short term. The ratio of capital reduction and E/P ratio are positively correlated with stock price.
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HUANG, HSIU-CHU, and 黃秀珠. "The Effect of Capital Reduction on Stock Price." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/snvz4b.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
財務金融系
106
This study is to investigate the abnormal remuneration of the company's stock price after the capital reduction of Taiwanese listed companies from 2006 to 2017. During the announcement of capital reduction, the market reaction is ill-performed in cumulative abnormal returns. However, it is not always the case. The stock returns of some other companies increase in the capital-reduction announcement days because they have gained market favor after the structure is improved. Considering different reasons for capital reduction, after the announcement date, the stock returns also showed signs of improvement. The cumulative abnormal returns of companies for reductions in capital loss are negative and positive for those considering window dressing for financial reporting, losses and cash reductions respectively. This study further explore effects of capital reduction with case studies on the earnings and financial ratios during the capital reduction periods.
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Yang, Yung-liang, and 楊永良. "Effect of Capital Reduction on Stock Prices Variation." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/r4expg.
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碩士國立中山大學
財務管理學系研究所
97
This study mainly explores the declaration effect of Capital Reduction on stock price. The samples will be those listed companies which have declared the activity of Capital Reduction, and the sample period is from March 1, 2005 to August 31, 2007. We use multiple factors model (market return, stock volume variance, the net buy-and-sell ratio of foreign investment) with ADF, Ljung-Box Q and Ljung-Box Q2 to build our model, and then apply the method of event study to explain the declaration effect of Capital Reduction. As a result, this study exhibits Capital Reduction can not offer abnormal returns during the period of three days before the declaration and three days after.
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Chu, Yu-Ying, and 朱育瑩. "Effect of Garcinia cambogia extract on adipogenesis reduction." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45334291399742117401.
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碩士國立中興大學
食品暨應用生物科技學系所
99
Obesity is becoming a major public health problem in many parts of the world. It is a significant risk factor for various diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver and cancer. The major cause of obesity is mainly long-term higher energy intake than energy expenditure, resulting in the body fat accumulation. Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) isolated from the fruit rind of Garcinia cambogia has been shown inhibiting ATP citrate lyase (ACL) activity, decreasing serum leptin concentration but increasing brain release serotonin to suppress appetite. However, the effects of HCA on modulation of transcription factors and downstream adipokines expressions in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes during differentiation have not yet been investigated. Furthermore, it is not clear the effect of Garcinia cambogia extract (GCE) on adipogenesis reduction after several food processing. First, we investigated the effect of HCA on modulation of transcription factors and adipokine expressions in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes during differentiation. The results showed that HCA at 50 μM inhibited fat droplet formation and significantly (p＜0.05) decreased intracellular triglycerol accumulation. For the activities of ACL and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), these data indicated that ACL activity was decreased but CPT1 activity was increased (p＜0.05) by HCA treatment. HCA had anti-adipogenesis effect by suppressing the mRNA expressions of PPARγ, C/EBPα, FAS and LPL. Morerover, HCA inhibited the adipokines such as leptin and resistin but up-regulated the mRNA expression of adiponectin. The protein expressions of PPARγand C/EBPα were decreased, but adiponectin was increased by HCA treatment (p＜0.05). We further examined the effect of GCE on adipogenesis reduction at the low and high doses (300 and 600 mg/kg B.W., respectively) by pretreating with acidification (pH 4.3) and heating (121°C, 15 mins) (AL and AH) or without acidification and heating (NL and NH) in an animal model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. The animals were fed AL, AH, NL or NH for a period of 8 weeks. The results showed that the 45% of HCA was converted into hydroxycitric acid lactone (HCAL) after acidification and heating. Body weight, adipose tissue weight and body fat ratio in HFD+AL, HFD+AH and HFD+NH groups were significantly (p<0.05) decreased as compared to the HFD group. A significant (p<0.05) decrease in the serum triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and glucose was observed in HFD+AL, HFD+AH and HFD+NH groups as compared with the HFD group. Histological study showed that the lipid droplets in HFD+AL, HFD+AH and HFD+NH groups were less than the HFD group. Liver triacylgiycerol level in HFD+AL, HFD+AH and HFD+NH groups were also significantly (p<0.05) decreased as compared with the HFD group. Moreover, the AL, AH and NH treated group decreased ACL activity, but increased (p<0.05) CPT1 activity in the hepatic tissue of rats with HFD-induced obesity. In conclusion, HCA can inhibit adipogenesis and regulate adipokines in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes during differentiation. Administration of GCE could be beneficial to the suppression of HFD-induced dyslipidemia, hepatosteatosis and reduced adipogenesis in SD rats. Furthermore, the GCE pretreating with acidification and heating might be useful to the development of functional food for the adipogenesis reduction of body fat.
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Chen, Shih-Fan, and 程仕帆. "The Effect of Collar on Bridge Scour Reduction." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49807180760715421162.
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碩士國立中央大學
土木工程研究所
91
This study uses experimental mobile channel to examine the characteristics of local scour around uniform piers with collar protection. The maximum scour depth and the range of the scour hole is analyzed. Furthermore, the change of scour at different exposure elevation is compared by performing a series of case studies. No matter what kinds of the collar shape is,the maximum scour depth is decreased with the position of the collar set close to the bed.The importance of the collar shape chosen is according to the best benefit of redusing scour depth and the range of the scour hole. Setting the collar which it’s top is flush with the bed would lead the vortex system rise away from the bed,and it can not only reduce the depth of the scour hole,but lead the maximum depth of the scour hole away from the main structure.The downflow and horseshoe vortex is guided to the downstream successfully far away from the bridge pier structure.It can be accepted that the circular collar is the best choice of the pridge foundation protection.
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Chang, Chen-Pu, and 張辰蒲. "Effect of Oxidation Reduction Potential Shock on H2 Production." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78537205702695088181.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程所
92
Effect of Oxidation Reduction Potential Shock on H2 Production in Anaerobic CSRT Student : Chen-Pu Chang Advisors : Kuo-Shun Fan Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology Abstract Deterioration has frequently occurred on anaerobic hydrogenesis in continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR). It causes hydrogen production decrease. The study provided shocks by oxidation reduction potential adjustment to the anaerobic hydrogen reactor to investigate the potential of hydrogen yield. The experiment consisted of two parts: adjustment of shock conditions and comprehensive operation. Shock duration (1.5, 8, 12, 16 hrs), ORP level (0 ~ -50, -200 ~ -250, -300 ~ -350, -400 ~ -450 mV), and oxidant concentration (0.05, 0.2, 0.8, and 1.6 M of H2O2) were examined in the first part. The optimum conditions of the above three factors were adapted and provided for consecutive shock operation. All the experimental runs were conducted with CSTR at temperature of 41℃. Brewery wastewater from a nearby winery was employed as seeding material that was adjusted to 110 g COD/l in concentration. Based on previous studies, hydraulic retention time and pH of the reactor were operated at the optimum conditions at 8 hr and 5.5 – 6.0 individually. It is interested to find that after ORP shock the variation of hydrogen production could be distinguished into four period that was shocking, 1st, 2nd, and steady. The hydrogen yield varied with the slope of incline and decline of the 1st response period. It demonstrated that shock duration at 8 hr showed optimal H2 yield of 13.9% increase. The inclining and declining slopes of the 1st response period were 16 LH2/Lreactor and 14 LH2/Lreactor that was the highest among all runs. Both the ORP level at -300 ~ -350 mV and oxidant concentration at 0.2 M presented peak H2 yield in individual group. The comprehensive study was operated with three consecutive shocks with the optimum conditions of 8 hrs’ shock duration, ORP level at -300 ~ -350 mV, and 0.2 M H2O2. It indicated that the H2 yield decreased as shocks proceeded. However, the first shock enhanced H2 yield by 18.3%. Keywords : shock, hydrogen, ORP, brewery wastewater
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Hung, Po-Chih, and 洪博智. "BLOCKING EFFECT REDUCTION OF DCT IMAGE CODING USING POSTPROCESSING." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08911016455165898102.
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碩士大同工學院
資訊工程研究所
87
Due to the explosive growth in the multimedia application, image coding became an important and popular topic in recent years. Among the image coding techniques, the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coding is commonly used. The DCT coding is a block based coding method. The coefficients from the DCT transform are quantized to reduce the entropy, which in turn can reduce the data rate. However, the quantization error will introduce an unpleasant visual effect, the blocking effect. Blocking effect comes from the discontinuity between two adjacent blocks, which should be uniform originally. In this thesis, we propose a new scheme to reduce the blocking effect caused by the discrete cosine transform based block coding techniques. Since it is desired not to change the original image coding scheme, we use a set of low pass filter to process the reconstructed image. However, the low pass filter may also blur the image. Therefore we must detect the original image edges to avoid it being blurred. To detect the image edges, the gradient and the thinning operator is used to get the exact edge location. Then a set of one-dimensional gaussian low pass filter is applied to the pixels at the block boundaries. We compare several previously proposed blocking effect reduction methods, and the experimental result show that this new scheme has a better performance in terms of image quality and blocking effect reduction.
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Cheng, Ko-Yu, and 鄭可佑. "The effect of aprons and sills local scour reduction." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74698602964634365419.
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碩士國立中央大學
土木工程研究所
92
In order to protect downstream riverbed of sluice gates, many energy dissipaters such as aprons and sills are installed on the channel bed. This study examines the effect of length of aprons and types of double sills on the local scour behaviors. The variation of head cutting length and cyclic scouring are observed and measured in the experiments. The characteristics of scouring holes caused by the wall jets with aprons and the wall jets with double sills are compared. The characteristics of local scour near structures is explored by analyzing the experimental data. According to experimental data, The protection of downstream riverbed is better when the length of aprons is longer ,. Double sills with long length of apron provide excellent protection for riverbed.
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Tang, Chien-Chia, and 唐建嘉. "The Effect of Vibration Transmission on Brake Judder Reduction." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89453297301277219284.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
95
Owing to the higher standard of driving comfort, brake judder has become an important issue in automotive design. It is, in general, caused by the variation of braking disk thickness (DTV). In tradition, the problem was solved by replacing or regrinding the disks, which can only have a temporary effect and will re-happen again after a period of use. Therefore, this research attempts to establish a model for brake judder transmission by virtual prototyping technique. Validated by theoretical equations of motion and field tests, sensitive analyses of key parameters in steering and suspension are performed and the measure for brake judder reduction is approached. It is found that DTV will induce the variation of braking torque. The phase difference between right and left front wheel torque variation and the resonance of lower control arm bushings are the main reasons of steering shimmy. Moreover, increasing the stiffness and damping of lower control arm rear bushing and the steering column inertia can effectively reduce the shimmy caused by brake judder.
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Hsu, Sheng-Fa, and 許盛發. "Effect of shoe insert in reduction of planter pressure." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95593552196794036876.
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Jun, Sinhun. "The effect of emotion on the reduction of prejudice." 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/25420355.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1991.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-79).
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Hsu, Shu-chun, and 徐淑楨. "The effect of the dieters’ lifestyle on weight reduction." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4guv3x.
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碩士朝陽科技大學
企業管理系碩士班
91
Along with the increasing wealth and westernization of Taiwan society in recent years, obesity is another phenomenon that is not unusual among the civilians. From the scientific perspective, obesity results from the unbalanced calories intake and consumption of our body. The causes include genetic/hereditary, physiological, and psychological factors, as well as the living and social environments. The life style is not only a factor of obesity, but also affects weight control (Klem et al., 1997；Walker et al., 1999). Base on the above premises, this study adopts statistical methods like multiple regression analysis and Single factor analysis of variance. Though the exploration of weight losers’ life styles and actual weight losing results, the study hopes to further analyze the influence of life style on weight losing effects, as to provide a reference for weight losers. The results of actual experiments from the study show that, the weight losers’ life styles distinguished significantly in weight and BMI (Body mass index). The same life style factors affect the weight and BMI difference；they are “Fashion”, “Knowledge”, and “Leisure exercises”. The weight losers’ attributes that contribute greatly to weight difference are gender, marriage, birth, age, and occupation. The weight losers’ attributes that significantly affect body fat difference are the intake of weight losing food and medicine. The weight losers’ attributes that lead to obvious BMI difference are marriage and birth. The difference between weight losers’ life style factors and attributes are not exactly the same. The numbers of times that weight losers visit hospitals cause huge difference in weight, body fat, and BMI.
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WeiKao and 高瑋. "Effect of Dredging on Reduction in River Flood Stages." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45svhd.
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碩士國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系
106
In Taiwan, hillslides are of the geological and topographical conditions that are unfavorable to slope stability, thus readily leading to soil-stone collapse due to earthquake and rainfall, further forming loose rock deposition area and colluvium. Heavy rain runoff will erode and transport the rock into the channel, affecting the balance of the sediment transport and channel stability. With a large amount of rock flowing into the upstream, the midstream and downstream will have river deposition issues due to insufficient sediment transport capacity. As a result, the flood discharge section will be reduced and the flood stage will rise. This will endanger flood-control structures as well as the life and property of the residents on field sides of the levee. Dredging riverbed sedimentation to harness the channel and to increase the flood discharge section is one of engineering methods used to reduce flood stages. Moreover, it will prevent flooding and maintain the stability of the riverbed. The study is aimed toward an investigation of the use of dredging methods on reducing flood stages to prevent overflow and to maintain the stability of the riverbeds. This study simulates an alluvial river flood process using the two-dimensional hydraulic and sediment transport model. Based on the comparison of current channel and the flood stages of different dredging schemes, the effectiveness of dredging on reducing the flood stage is evaluated, a result that can be used as a reference for the selection of dredging schemes. The Gaoping River watershed is prone to large-scale landslides when heavy rains or typhoons occur, the deposition often cause occasional flooding of downstream, affecting the Gaoping River Weir water usage. Therefore, it is proposed that using the dredging method to reduce the flood stage will improve upstream deposition situation and be useful to the Gaoping Weir water intake. The present study investigated dredging methods on the upstream of the Gaoping River Weir, selecting four types of dredging schemes within the dredging area that locates on the convex bank of the main channel. A two-dimensional hydraulic sediment transport model was used to calculate the flood stage along the river, and the flood stage before dredging was taken as the basis for the comparison of effectiveness. The simulation results showed that the dredging method lengthened and widened the dredging area, and thus effectively reduced the flood stage. Because of the improvement in sediment storage, the dredging area can reduce the downstream deposition and strengthen the levee and revetment.
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Immelman, Jaco. "The effect of data reduction on LiDAR-based DEMs." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8064.
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M.Sc.Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) provide decidedly accurate datasets with high data densities, in a very short time-span. However, the high volumes of data associated with LiDAR often require some form of data reduction to increase the data handling efficiency of these datasets, of which the latter could affect the feasibility of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). Critically, when DEM processing times are reduced, the resultant DEM should still represent the terrain adequately. This study investigated three different data reduction techniques, (1) random point reduction, (2) grid resolution reduction, and (3) combined data reduction, in order to assess their effects on the accuracy, as well as the data handling efficiency of derived DEMs. A series of point densities of 1 %, 10 %, 25 %, 50 % and 75 % were interpolated along a range of horizontal grid resolutions (1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 10- and 30- m). Results show that, irrespective of terrain complexity, data points can be randomly reduced up to 25 % of the data points in the original dataset, with minimal effects on the remaining dataset. However, when these datasets are interpolated, data points can only be reduced to 50 % of the original data points, before showing large deviations from the original DEM. A reduction of the grid resolution of DEMs showed that the grid resolution could be lowered to 4 metres before showing significant deviations. When combining point density reduction with grid resolution reduction, results indicate that DEMs can be derived from 75 % of the data points, at a grid resolution of 3 metres, without sacrificing more than 15 percent of the accuracy of the original DEM. Ultimately, data reduction should result in accurate DEMs that reduce the processing time. When considering the effect on the accuracy, as well as the processing times of the data reduction techniques, results indicate that resolution reduction is the most effective data reduction technique. When reducing the grid resolution to 4 metres, data handling efficiencies improved by 94 %, while only sacrificing 10 % of the data accuracy. Furthermore, this study investigated data reduction on a variety of terrain complexities and found that the reduction thresholds established by this study were applicable to both complex and non-complex terrain.
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Chou, Yuzen, and 周昱仁. "The effect of non-thermoelectric treatment on microbial reduction." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63536577708498736937.
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碩士東海大學
食品科學系
101
Abstract Non-thermoelectric energy sterilization processing is an emerging technology, and has the advantages of energy saving and to retain the original quality of the food. This study investigated the bactericidal effect of the two non-thermoelectric energy sterilization systems which is PEF and PLASMA. There are many factors affect the PEF bactericidal effect, including the treatment time, the strength of electric field and the conductivity of sample. This experiment is to use exponential wave as a condition of the pulse, explore the narrow pulse sterilization efficiency. The use of Escherichia coli for the determination of the bactericidal effect with different number of sterilization tubes, different voltage spark gap and different media. The results are shown that after treating 20 minutes, the bactericidal effect of eight sterilizing tubes is greater than four sterilizing tubes, the number of bacteria dropped to the value of 0.96 log10. Spark gap in the system changed to 5.5kV, processing after 30 minutes of the sterilization efficiency is greater than the spark gap of 5.0 kV, and the number of bacteria dropped to 1.97 log10 values. Use Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to explore the sterilization resistance between Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria. To use water to be conductive media has better bactericidal efficiency than to use medium NB, deal with 30 minutes, the bacterial count decreased to 1.97 log10 value. Also fund that the bacteria count of Escherichia coli decreased about 1.22 log10. The factors affecting the plasma sterilization include the voltage of the input system, the processing time and the structure of the bacteria itself. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Bacillus cereus as a sterilizing objects, input voltage 25kV, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus 3 minutes, the decline in the number of bacteria were 3.37,3.25, 1.99 log10 values; Salmonella after 2 minutes, the number of bacteria is decreased to a value of 3.35 log10. The final testing of the inhibitory effect of the electrical will fungal microorganisms from the cactus juice separated from the yeast (THU-Y1) as the target bacteria to 25kV for three minutes, the number of bacteria fell 1.08 log10 values. The mold (THU-M1) isolated from the tomato epidermis, 30kV plasma treatment, after culture for few days, the activity markedly decreased.
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Lan, Bo-Ren, and 藍柏荏. "Analysis of Energy Saving Effect of Conservation Voltage Reduction." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91776073904834773657.
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碩士大同大學
電機工程學系(所)
103
Conservation voltage reduction (CVR) is a strategy that reduces the electrical demand of distribution feeder by lowering its operating voltage level. CVR has the benefits of reducing peak demand, energy consumption and carbon emission. Therefore, implementing CVR in Penghu island can help achieving the goal of constructing low carbon island in that area. Since the effect of CVR depends on the structure and the load characteristic of the feeder. This study will analyze the energy saving effect gotten from implementing CVR in Chongguang and Xiwei feeders of Penghu area. In addition to the assessment of overall energy saving effect of CVR, the cable loss, transformer copper loss and transformer core loss in the feeders under different operating voltage levels will also be examined in this study to understand the evolution of these losses when implementing CVR. Besides, since there are no downstream voltage control equipment in these feeders, this study will discuss whether better performance of CVR can be gotten when additional downstream voltage control equipments be installed and coordinated to perform CVR.
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Huang, Ya-Chi, and 黃雅琦. "The effect of enzyme reduction finishing for cotton fabric with pretreatment of resin finishingThe effect of enzyme reduction finishing for cotton fabric with pretreatment of resin finishingThe effect of enzyme reduction finishing for cotton fabric wi." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49629982523760104032.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
高分子工程系
93
This study used the cross-linking agent for the pretreatment of the cotton and enzyme reduction finishing. And discuss pre-resin process to the reduction behavior of cotton, Morphology , the mechanical properties and quick dry finishing. The first study is changed the enzyme kinds and content to deal with the treatment time and temperature for cotton fabric with reduction finishing and primary condition. Secondary study discuss the effect of reduction finishing with resin pretreatment condition. And the surfactant add inside as additive for the reduction finishing of cotton fabric. The result shows that use the ENZYLON CM-40L enzyme has more physical properties balance and process temperature in 50℃ has more activity. To change curing temperature condition is the hydrophilic properties 80℃×5mins→ 150×3mins> 80℃×5mins>100℃×5mins>120 ℃×5mins.The hydrophilic properties of different cross-linking agent content is 4 % >2 %>1 %>0.5 %, tensile strength is 0.5 %>1 %> 2 %>4 %. And addition surfactant n10 in reduction finishing after pretreatment with cross-linking agent has more quick dry finishing effect than non-addition.
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Lin, Jr-Lin, and 林志麟. "Effect of Acidification on Textile Chemical Sludge Reduction and Dewaterability." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70959104935048022747.
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碩士淡江大學
水資源及環境工程學系
91
The objectives of this study are to investigate the effects of acidification and alkalization on textile chemical sludge reduction and dewaterability. The results indicate that solid reduction by acidification and alkalization was mainly due to the dissolution of Al and organic matters. The best conditions of acidification and alkalization are pH=2 and pH=12, respectively, both exceeding 60% in Al(Ⅲ) recovery efficiency, where the efficiency of Al(Ⅲ) dissolution by alkalization is better than that by acidification. However, organic matters dissolved along with Al(Ⅲ) dissolution by alkalization have detrimental effects on the usability of recovered Al(Ⅲ). Thus, acidification was a better selection for recovering coagulants than alkalization. In the meantime, both acidification and alkalization can concentrate textile chemical sludge, but only acidification could increase the settlement velocity of sludge and decrease CST and specific resistance value (SRF), indicating that only the acidification can improve the sedimentation and dewaterability of sludge. Result also shows that a strong correlation between CST and SRF value exists with R2 of 0.96. The best condition on sludge dewaterability is pH=2.5 where the performance of KP201C (cationic polymer) is better than AP825 (anionic polymer) for conditioning sludge. The CST value decreased from 77 seconds to 53 seconds after addition of KP201C at the optimal dosage of 3kg/ton-dry sludge, indicating that after acidification the effects of sludge conditioning was insignificant. In addition, the optimal dosage for sludge conditioning increases with increasing pH.
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Yu, Yung Chiang, and 尤湧強. "The Effect of Tariff Reduction on Taiwan''s Labor Employment." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54923182786454513209.
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碩士淡江大學
產業經濟學系
84
With the rapid development of Taiwan''s economics and the gradual frequencyto external trade, the activity for the whole economics is more popular.In the expansion for production activities, the industral structure also bechanged results to ask for different productive technology in differentindustry. And this causes the problem of structural unemployment. Owing toliberalization is the tendency of the world trade now, government intentsto join in the international organization for economics, for example WTO.Joining in WTO can increase the trade amount to our country, raises thenational production, and speeds up the intustrial advance and economictransformation. However, in the process of the trade liberalization, it isnecessary to pay for as much as price. The most direct thing is to make ashock to labor employmental market. This study uses the static CGE model toappraise the effect of tariff reduction on trade liberilization underdifferent exchange rate in regard to our labor employment creating effectof long run and short run.In production side of this model, the industry is divided to 29 departments byCES production function indicated production technology. On trade side, CESfunction expresses import and CET function expresses export. On demand side,household consumption is showed by linear expenditure system. The purposein this paper is two policy simulations : the one is single liberalization topredict the variance for labor employment in individual branch at 2000.The reduction of tariff in agriculture and animal is 36 $\%$ and on otherdepartment is 38 $\%$. The other is biliteral liberalization to predict theworld trade index attaches to 1.08 at 2000. The reduction of tariff is the sameas the former.No matter single or biliteral liberalization, most of labors decreasionin short-run are much smaller than in long-run. This indicates non-comparitivecpmpetition advantages department results to much more unemployment inindustrial adjusting.At this time, the industry possessing technical advantage absorbes largelythese losing labors and makes vigorous. However, at the base of the impossibletransformation on whole labors between departments, government should givedomestic labors appropriate protection and helpness before joining ininternational economic organization.
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Chia-WenDeng and 鄧佳文. "The Effect of Income Tax Rate Reduction on Dividend Policy." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10321878940795928255.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
會計學系碩博士班
100
On May 28, 2010 Taiwan’s Legislative Yuan passed an amendment to the Income Tax Act, lowering the corporate income tax from 25% to 17%. The amendment has taken effect on January 1, 2010. Since the tax rate change increases the tax rate difference between corporate income and individual income, corporate managements may take the profit of high tax rate shareholders into account and decrease dividend. However, such tax avoidances not only attack dividend profit of shareholders with low marginal tax rate but cause the government to lose substantial tax revenue. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of corporate income tax reduction on dividend policy and to examine whether large shareholders exercise their power over dividend policy for their individual tax situations. The evidences presented support that the corporate income tax reduction resulted in a significant decrease in the level of total and cash dividend payout ratio; nevertheless, it resulted in an insignificant increase in the level of stock dividend which substitute for a portion of cash dividend. Besides, the empirical results also show that companies with the larger shareholders, the lower the cash dividend payout ratio but the higher the stock dividend payout ratio. Because of offset effect, the total dividend payout decrease insignificantly. When put the impact of the corporate income tax reduction and the power of large shareholders into further consideration, the results which blame on limited data, both time and object, are inconsistent with the expectation.