Journal articles on the topic 'Effect of ultraviolet radiation on Domestic animals'
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1
Blázquez, Elena, Carmen Rodríguez, Jesús Ródenas, Rosa Rosell, Joaquim Segalés, Joan Pujols, and Javier Polo. "Effect of spray-drying and ultraviolet C radiation as biosafety steps for CSFV and ASFV inactivation in porcine plasma." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 28, 2021): e0249935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249935.
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Spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) is widely used in diets of domestic animals to improve health status and increase growth and feed efficiency. Individual steps in the SDAP manufacturing process, including spray-drying, have been validated to inactivate potential pathogens. Manufacturing standards have established a minimum exit temperature of 80°C and a minimum post-drying storage period of 14 days at 20°C for production of SDAP. Also, UV-C irradiation has been evaluated as another inactivation step that could be included in the manufacturing process. The aim of this study was to assess the inactivation effectiveness of spray-drying on Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and African swine fever virus (ASFV) and the effect of UV-C inactivation on ASFV as redundant biosafety steps of the manufacturing process for producing spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP). This study demonstrated that UV-C treatment of liquid porcine plasma can inactivate more than 4 Log10 TCID50/mL of ASFV at 3000 J/L. Spray-drying effectively inactivated at least 4 Log10 TCID50/mL of both CSFV and ASFV. Incorporating UV-C technology within the SDAP manufacturing process can add another biosafety step to further enhance product safety.
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Molitor, Laure E., Kelly Rockwell, Amelia Gould, and Mark A. Mitchell. "Effects of Short-Duration Artificial Ultraviolet B Exposure on 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Concentrations in Domestic Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)." Animals 13, no. 8 (April 11, 2023): 1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13081307.
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Vitamin D is an important hormone that can be acquired through diet, exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, or a combination of these methods. In domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), both methods appear viable, but there is limited research evaluating the effects of UVB on this species. Previous studies found that 12 h of artificial UVB radiation significantly increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) concentrations over time. While these findings suggest UVB can be beneficial in rabbits, this form of radiation can also be detrimental to vertebrates. The purpose of this study was to determine if shorter-duration UVB could elicit a similar physiological response in rabbits while minimizing potential negative effects. Six rabbits were used for this pilot study. The baseline serum 25-OHD3 was measured for each rabbit and following 14 days of 6 h/day exposure to artificial UVB, a second 25-OHD3 sample was collected. There was a significant increase (p = 0.001) in serum 25-OHD3 over time (Baseline: 27.7 ± 8.1 nmol/L; Day 14: 79.8 ± 9 nmol/L). This study affirmed that 6 h of UVB produced 25-OHD3 concentrations similar to those found in rabbits exposed to 12 h of UVB. Future studies should continue to determine how the duration of UVB exposure affects 25-OHD3 concentrations.
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Vergneau-Grosset, Claire, and Franck Péron. "Effect of ultraviolet radiation on vertebrate animals: update from ethological and medical perspectives." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 19, no. 6 (2020): 752–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9pp00488b.
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Many animals under human care are kept indoors to prevent infectious diseases, to facilitate environment control, or due to the lifestyle of their owners. This article will review published information about ultraviolet effects in vertebrate animals.
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Garay, Diego Fernando Atoche, Lisiana Crivelenti Voltolini, Reinaldo Gaspar Bastos, and Claudinei Fonseca Souza. "Effect of turbidity on ultraviolet disinfection of domestic wastewater for agricultural reuse." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 16, no. 6 (December 14, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2766.
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Water treatment and reuse are fundamental because of the increasing demand for freshwater, especially in agriculture. Accordingly, this study evaluated the effects of turbidity of wastewater processed at the Effluent Treatment Station (ETE) of the UFSCar/Araras and of UV dose on microbial inactivation. The ETE treats up to 2000 L of wastewater daily from toilets and a university restaurant and has five components (grease box, septic tank, microalgae tank, upflow anaerobic filter, and wetlands). Pretreated effluents were used in the experiments, and sampling sites consisted of inspection boxes located after the wetlands. Sample collection, inspection, preservation, and analyses were performed according to standard methods. Sample turbidity was adjusted to 5, 50, 100, 200, and 300 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), and UV doses of 7.2–28.8 mWs cm-2 were used. A 5 x 5 factorial design (five turbidity levels and five radiation doses) was used, totaling 25 treatments. Each treatment was performed in triplicate. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey’s test. The results showed that the increase in turbidity significantly decreased disinfection efficiency in samples with turbidity levels higher than 50 NTU. The microbial inactivation coefficients obtained here can be extrapolated to disinfection of wastewater with turbidity up to 300 NTU to eliminate thermotolerant coliforms. The UV sterilizer is feasible for wastewater treatment and its reuse in agriculture.
Keywords: domestic effluent, sustainability, ultraviolet radiation, water reuse.
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Semenov, O., and M. Lysychenko. "Ultraviolet installation for irradiation of animals with automatic control." Energy and automation, no. 6(52) (November 25, 2020): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/energiya2020.06.128.
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Modern technologies for the production of livestock products provide for long-term keeping of young animals indoors with an artificial microclimate. That is, it is expected to maintain within the required limits of temperature, humidity, gassiness, lighting level, etc. In particular, to compensate for solar radiation, ultraviolet irradiation units are used. The main criterion of UV irradiation is the dose, which is individual for each species and age of animals. The obtained amount of irradiation depends on the type and power of the radiation source, the height of the suspension, the continuance of the irradiation process. Therefore, existing mobile UV irradiators need to be upgraded for efficient operation. The purpose of the study is to develop a UV irradiation system for a room with pigs of different ages and weights in pens with the possibility of automatically providing the required dose. In order to increase the accuracy maintenance of the recommended dose of UV radiation, the authors use a video camera and a device with software that fulfils the effect of "pattern recognition" and automatic control of the installation during its movement over animals, which are kept in boxes in different age groups. Experimental studies showed that in the experimental groups of pigs, where irradiation was carried out using the developed unit of automatic control of the UV installation, the set of live weight in piglets was 20-25 % more than in the control group.
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I.A. Abd-alwahab, Wijdan, Roaa J. J. Al-Assie, Ashraf Kamil Azeez, and Ghadir Kamil Ghadir. "The effect of carotenoids of Rhodotorula glutinis and probiotic of Lactobacillus acidophilus on some physiological and histological variables of the pancreas and liver in male rats exposed to ultraviolet radiation." Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences 24, no. 2 (June 30, 2024): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjas.24.2.17.
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ABSTRACT This study was conducted in the laboratory animal house at the College of Education/University of Samarra to establish and evaluate and treatment the effect of ultraviolet radiation (UV) on the health and functions of the pancreas and liver by use the carotenoids that extracted from Rhodotorula glutinis yeast and Lactobacillus acidophilus as probiotic. 28 male laboratory rats were used and divided into four groups with 7 animals in each group, the experiment period 28 days, including 24 hours representing the period of exposure to ultraviolet radiation before treatment. The results showed significant increase (P˂0.05) in concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, bilirubin and activity of ALT, AST and ALP in group that exposed to ultraviolet radiation in compared with the healthy control group, whereas, observed significantly decrease of all previous parameters in the groups that treated with probiotic and the carotenoids in comparison with ultraviolet radiation group, and repair of the damage that occur in tissues of pancreas and liver result from the effect of ultraviolet rays.
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Sokolov, Aleksandr V. "Efficiency of Plant UV Irradiation in the Protected Ground." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 67, no. 2 (June 24, 2020): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-2-37-43.
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Plants are photosynthetic organisms that depend on sunlight for energy. Besides photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; 400-700 nm), plants are exposed to ultraviolet radiation, which consists of UV-C (below 280 nm), UV-B (280-320 nm) and UV-A (320-400 nm). Plants respond differently to exposure to low or high doses of ultraviolet light, either by stimulating protective mechanisms, or by activating recovery mechanisms to cope with various types of stress. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in providing an overview of the reactions of plants to ultraviolet radiation, make a relationship between the different ranges of ultraviolet radiation, radiation doses and the effect on plants. (Materials and methods) The article presents an analysis of domestic and foreign articles on the effectiveness of plant irradiation with ultraviolet radiation. (Results and discussion) Authors examined the effects of various ranges of ultraviolet radiation on plants. It was found that some properties of plants can be enhanced with small doses of UV-C, but UV-C strongly inhibits plant growth. Exposure to UV-B causes morphological and anatomical changes in plants: an increase in branching, a decrease in internodes, twisting of leaves, a decrease in leaf area, an accumulation of screening pigments, thickening of leaves, redistribution of chlorophyll. The effects of UV-B and UV-C also affect the volatiles emitted by aromatic plants. Ultraviolet-A can improve the nutritional qualities of green crops without adversely affecting plant growth. (Conclusions) It was found that ultraviolet radiation, depending on the range, has both a harmful effect on plants and a beneficial one. It was found that with certain doses of ultraviolet radiation, the necessary qualities and properties of plants could be obtained.
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Юртаева, Елена, Elena Yurtaeva, Владимир Доровских, Vladimir Dorovskikh, Наталья Симонова, Natalya Simonova, Раиса Анохина, Raisa Anokhina, Михаил Штарберг, and Mikhail Shtarberg. "ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF CONVOLVULUS ARVENSIS AND STELLARIA MEDIA IN THE CONDITIONS OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION." Bulletin physiology and pathology of respiration 1, no. 65 (September 25, 2017): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59acf39622be54.21361009.
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The search and development of methods for correction of oxidative stress in conditions of exposure to adverse environmental factors is an actual problem of modern medicine. In experimental conditions the possibility to correct free radical lipid oxidation of rats’ cell membranes was studied with the external application of the ointment of herb convolvulus and of the ointment of herb chickweed. The animals were divided into 4 groups and each of them had 20 rats: intact animals which were held in standard conditions of vivarium; the control group in which rats were exposed to ultraviolet radiation during three minutes daily; the experimental group in which before ultraviolet radiation animals had a daily external application of the ointment of herb convolvulus; the experimental group in which before ultraviolet radiation animals had a daily external application of the ointment of herb chickweed. It was found out that in the blood of experimental animals a daily ultraviolet radiation during three minutes contributes to the increase of lipid hydroperoxides level (by 15-19%), of diene conjugate (by 14-16%), and of malonic dialdehyde (by 40-66%) against the decrease of antioxidant system activity in the blood of intact animals. The introduction of the ointment of herb convolvulus and of the ointment of herb chickweed to rats in the conditions of oxidative stress contributes to the reliable decrease in the blood of lipid hydroperoxides by 9-13%, of diene conjugates by 8-13%, malonic dialdehyde by 15-28% in comparison with the rats of the control group. While analyzing the effect of the ointment on the activity of the components of antioxidant system it was shown that the level of ceruloplasmin in the blood of animals was significantly higher by 13-20%, of vitamin E by 8-14%, of catalase by 13-28% in comparison with the same parameter of the rats of the control group. So, the application of the ointment of herb convolvulus and of the ointment of herb chickweed in the conditions of oxidative stress induced by the influence of ultraviolet rays leads to the stabilization of the processes of peroxidation against the increase of antioxidant system activity.
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Gulin, A. V., and V. I. Donskaya. "Comparative assessment of the nature of the impact of ultraviolet radiation on watermelon seeds in time mode." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 6 (December 18, 2019): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-6-155-158.
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Relevance. One of the main components of the spectrum of sunlight is ultraviolet rays – invisible to the human eye short-wave radiation. The influence of these rays on plant life was considered insignificant until recently, but recent studies have shown the fallacy of such conclusions. Ultraviolet has a beneficial effect not only on the human body and animals, but also on plants, including – crops. The destruction of the ozone layer is currently continuing under the influence of anthropogenic factors. In this regard, the study of the effect of ultraviolet radiation on living organisms, including plants, is very relevant from both theoretical and practical points of view. The epidermis of plant leaves and seed shells are permeable to medium-and long-wave UV radiation, so of particular interest is the ultraviolet radiation of the Sun and artificial sources of ultraviolet radiation in the range of 400...180 nm.Purpose of work: to assess the nature of the impact of ultraviolet radiation in the time mode on watermelon seeds using cytogenetic analysis.Methods. The material for research was the seeds of the watermelon variety "Astrakhan". The studies were conducted in 2017-2018.Results. The results of studies have shown that long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation can affect the physiological processes and anatomical structure of plants, as well as have serious genetic changes: aneuploidy, cytotomy, pyknosis and various chromosomal aberrations that lead to mutations or death of plants. However, plants acquire useful mutations with short-term exposure-0.5-2 hours, which can be used later in selection.
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Симонова, Наталья, Natalya Simonova, Владимир Доровских, Vladimir Dorovskikh, А. Кропотов, A. Kropotov, М. Котельникова, et al. "COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF SUCCINIC ACID AND REAMBERIN IN THE OXIDATIVE STRESS IN EXPERIMENT." Bulletin physiology and pathology of respiration 1, no. 70 (December 29, 2018): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5c126def73b749.24896834.
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The search and development of methods for correction of oxidative stress in conditions of exposure to adverse environmental factors is an actual problem of modern medicine. In experimental conditions the possibility to correct free radical lipid oxidation of rats’ organism membranes was studied with the introduction of the succinic acid and of the succinate containing medication called Reamberin (Polysan, St. Petersburg). The animals were divided into 4 groups and each of them had 20 rats: the group with intact animals which were held in standard conditions of vivarium; the control group in which rats were exposed to ultraviolet radiation during three minutes daily; the experimental group in which before ultraviolet radiation animals had a daily intraabdominal intake of the succinic acid in a dose of 100 mg/kg; the experimental group in which before ultraviolet radiation animals had a daily intraabdominal intake of Reamberin in a dose of 100 mg/kg (20 ml/kg). It was found out that in the blood of experimental animals a daily ultraviolet radiation during three minutes contributes to the increase of lipid hydroperoxides level (by 48-53%), of diene conjugate (by 43-48%), and of malonic dialdehyde (by 48-61%) against the decrease of antioxidant system activity in the blood of intact animals. The introduction of the succinic acid to rats contributes to the significant decrease in the blood of lipid hydroperoxides by 15-16%, of diene conjugates by 9-16%, and of malonic dialdehyde by 15% in comparison with the rats of the control group. The introduction of the succinate containing Reamberin to rats in the conditions of oxidative stress contributes to the significant decrease of lipid hydroperoxides in the blood by 27-28%, of diene conjugates by 23-28%, and of malonic dialdehyde by 26-29% in comparison with the rats of the control group. While analyzing the effect of the succinate containing drugs on the activity of the components of antioxidant system it was shown that the level of ceruloplasmin in the blood of animals was significantly higher by 25-32%, of vitamin E by 28-33% in comparison with the rats of the control group. So, the application of the succinate containing antioxidants in the conditions of ultraviolet radiation under experiment leads to the stabilization of the processes of peroxidation against the increase of antioxidant system activity. The intraabdominal introduction in laboratory animals of Reamberin in a dose of 100 mg/kg of succinate prevents the accumulation of lipoperoxidation products and increases the activity of main components of the antioxidant system in rats’ blood plasma, which indirectly exceeds similar effect of succinic acid in a dose of 100 mg/kg in the conditions of oxidative stress.
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Fergusson, Stanley MacArthur, and Rajiv Padhye. "The effect of domestic laundry detergents on the light fastness of certain reactive dyes on 100% cotton." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 6 (February 28, 2018): 1105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518760751.
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This study presents findings on the effect of several domestic laundry detergents on the fastness to light of selected fiber reactive dyes applied to cotton. Cotton fabric dyed with commonly used reactive dyes were laundered with water only, several domestic detergents, and a laboratory-formulated neutral detergent, and then exposed to light for 2 h in the wet state. Exposures were repeated 15 times, equivalent to 30 h of exposure. Color loss and color difference were measured after 5, 10, and 15 wash cycles, and 10 h, 20 h, and 30 h of exposure. When the fabric was exposed to light wet, the color faded more rapidly than when it was exposed dry. The presence of an oxidizing bleach (sodium perborate or sodium percarbonate) in the detergent increased color loss during washing and wet exposure to light. Ultraviolet radiation from the light source, heat, moisture, alkali, and oxidizing bleach during exposure resulted in hydrolysis of the dye–fiber bond, causing dye desorption during washing and rinsing. The combination of ultraviolet radiation and oxidizing bleaches altered the chemistry of the dye and hence its shade. This was particularly evident on the black dye and one of the navy blue dyes.
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Kripke, Margaret L. "Health Effects of Ozone Depletion." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 8, no. 6 (November 1989): 1083–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818909018068.
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The problem of ozone depletion has recently become a topic of major concern. What was once a vague, theoretical hypothesis that artificial chlorofluorocarbon compounds could accumulate in the stratosphere and break down ozone molecules is an imminent reality. A decrease in the concentration of stratospheric ozone would increase the amount of ultraviolet radiation in ambient sunlight. In addition to altering plant and aquatic life in unpredictable ways, increiased ultraviolet radiation will adversely affect human health. The incidence of various types of skin cancers will increase, as will the rate of deaths from skin cancer. In addition, there will be an increase in the occurrence of certain types of ocular cataracts. The most recently described effect of ultraviolet radiation on a biologic system is its ability to alter the immune system in experimental animals and humans. Although much is known about the immunologic effects of ultraviolet radiation, particularly in animal models, little information is available on its potential to decrease host resistance to infectious diseases. This is an important topic that needs to be addressed in order for us to understand fully the consequences of ozone depletion for human health.
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Moinard, C., P. D. Lewis, G. C. Perry, and C. M. Sherwin. "The Effects of Light Intensity and Light Source on Injuries Due to Pecking of Male Domestic Turkeys (Meleagris Gallopavo)." Animal Welfare 10, no. 2 (May 2001): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600023800.
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AbstractIt has been shown that, in small groups of intact male domestic turkeys, supplementary ultraviolet (UV-A) radiation, visual barriers, and added straw (environmental enrichment) minimize the incidence of injurious pecking under incandescent light at 5 lux. This paper describes two experiments, each involving eight groups of 100 non beak-trimmed birds up to 5 weeks of age, that assessed the effectiveness of these procedures at higher light intensities and with fluorescent light. Experiment 1 examined 5 or 10 lux of incandescent or fluorescent light. Experiment 2 studied responses to 5, 10, 36 or 70 lux of fluorescent light. Individual inspections of the birds, for wing, tail and head injuries due to pecking, were conducted daily.Fluorescent light significantly reduced the incidence of tail injuries (P = 0.03), and tended to reduce those to the wings (P = 0.08), compared with incandescent light. No difference was observed between 5 and 10 lux for either tail or wing injuries. In Experiment 2, the incidence of tail and wing injuries was significantly and positively correlated with light intensity (tail, P = 0.05; wing, P = 0.02). Injuries to the head were minimal in all treatments. These results suggest that turkey poults may be kept with minimal injurious pecking, under fluorescent light at an intensity of 10 lux, with appropriate environmental enrichment.
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Schmitt, D. A., L. Owen-Schaub, and S. E. Ullrich. "Effect of IL-12 on immune suppression and suppressor cell induction by ultraviolet radiation." Journal of Immunology 154, no. 10 (May 15, 1995): 5114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.154.10.5114.
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Abstract The carcinogenic potential of UV radiation (the primary cause of nonmelanoma skin cancer) is associated with its ability to suppress cell-mediated immune responses. Previous studies have shown that this UV-induced immune suppression is caused by the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-10. Because the effects of IL-10 on the immune response are countered by IL-12, we injected irradiated mice with IL-12 to determine whether it could overcome UV-induced immune suppression. Administration of IL-12 blocked the suppression of delayed-in-time hypersensitivity reactions observed in UV-irradiated animals. Moreover, IL-12 prevented the induction of suppressor T cells, in that adoptive transfer of spleen cells from UV-irradiated mice treated with IL-12 had no effect on the immune response of the recipient mice, whereas transfer of spleen cells from UV-irradiated mice treated with the vehicle inhibited the immune response. In addition, IL-12 neutralized the activity of UV-induced suppressor T cells. Although the adoptive transfer of UV-induced suppressor T cells from irradiated mice suppressed the immune response of the recipient mice, treatment of the recipient mice with IL-12 following the adoptive transfer overcame the immune suppression. The results of these experiments demonstrate that IL-12 can overcome UV-induced immune suppression by preventing the induction of, as well as neutralizing the activity of pre-formed suppressor T cells.
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Prylipko, T. M., and T. V. Koval. "The effect of ultraviolet radiation and vitamin D for the exchange of macroergic compoundsin the body of animals." Taurian Scientific Herald, no. 129 (2023): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32851/2226-0099.2023.129.28.
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Prister, B. "Lessons From Chornobyl For the Veterinary. Domestic Animals Protection Measures and Radiation- Affected Livestock Treatment." Agricultural Science and Practice 1, no. 2 (July 15, 2014): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp1.02.072.
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The experience of eliminationthe consequences of the Chornobyl nuclear disaster proved the possibility to run agricultural production on the territory of the radioactive track made by the nuclear release with safety. In order to run it, it is necessary to have special subdivisions in authorities managing agriculture at different levels and staffed with specialists being competent in the area of agricultural radiology. Their preparation is an important element of preventive measure of anticipating nuclear accidents. Herewith, a special attention must be paid to protecting animals from the radioactive effect and treating the damaged livestock.
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Grant, Karen P., and Lawrence E. Licht. "Effects of ultraviolet radiation on life-history stages of anurans from Ontario, Canada." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 2292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-271.
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We tested the effects of ultraviolet-a (uv-a) and ultraviolet-b (uv-b) radiation on life-history stages of the anurans Bufo americanus, Hyla versicolor, Rana clamitans, and Rana sylvatica. No effect of uv-a was found on eggs or larvae even at exposures twice the intensity of normal outdoor levels. Only R. sylvatica was tested in the embryo stage. All embryos exposed to 30 min or more of artificially high intensity uv-b died. After exposure to artificially high intensity uv-b of 15 min or less, or at ecologically relevant levels, there was no effect on hatching success. The proportion of abnormal embryos after exposure to 10 or 15 min of artificially high intensity treatment was higher at 12 °C than at 20 °C. The jelly surrounding the ova can effectively reduce uv-b transmission through the egg mass. Of the four species tested, only larval R. clamitans showed some tolerance of artificially high uv-b levels, but development of the survivors was arrested and metamorphosis was not initiated. Ecologically relevant doses of uv-b had no effect on developmental period, duration of metamorphic climax, or mass at metamorphosis in B. americanus, H. versicolor, or R. sylvatica. Whereas all metamorphosed juvenile R. clamitans and R. sylvatica died after exposure to high-intensity uv-b, some B. americanus survived. Older B. americanus exposed for the same length of time had higher survivorship than younger animals. The role of uv radiation in presumed amphibian population declines is discussed.
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Myronchenko, S. I. "OXIDATIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT PROCESSES IN THE FOCUS OF THE SKIN EXPOSED TO LOCAL ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 19, no. 3 (November 8, 2019): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.19.3.142.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of local ultraviolet radiation on the content of lipid peroxidation products, lipofuscin, and the functioning of antioxidant enzymes in the skin of guinea pigs. Materials and methods. The studies were performed on 24 albino guinea pigs exposed to a single local ultraviolet radiation. The control group was made up of intact animals. The content of primary (diene conjugates) and secondary (TAC-active products) lipid peroxidation products, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase), and the content of lipofuscin were assessed in the skin in 2 hours, 4 hours, and on the 3rd and 8th day following the UV irradiation. Results. Under the influence of local ultraviolet radiation, all guinea pigs develop erythema (its peak is observed in 4 hours, and on the 3rd day), which disappears on the 8th day. There is a sharp enhancement of lipid peroxidation processes due to the accumulation of lipid peroxidation primary and secondary products in the skin of guinea pigs in all periods of the experiment. In parallel with the increase in lipid peroxidation products, there is a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) in the focus of radiation. The content of lipofuscin in the skin progressively increases throughout the study period. Conclusions. The early erythema period following the local ultraviolet irradiation in the skin of guinea pigs, is characterized by increased content of diene conjugates and TBA-active products (in 2, 4 hours, on the 3rd day); decreased catalase activity and increased lipofuscin concentration (on the 3rd day after irradiation). The early post-erythema period (8th day) following the local ultraviolet irradiation is characterized by the accumulation of diene conjugates, TBA-active products and lipofuscin against the background of a decrease in the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the skin of guinea pigs.
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Johnsen, Sönke, and William M. Kier. "Shade-seeking behaviour under polarized light by the brittlestar Ophioderma Brevispinum (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79, no. 4 (August 1999): 761–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315498000940.
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The effect of polarized light on the shade-seeking behaviour of the ophiuroid Ophioderma brevispinum was investigated at the Keys Marine Laboratory, Long Key, Florida, USA. Animals were collected and placed in a partially shaded arena. When the arena was illuminated with unpolarized light, the number of animals settling under the shaded portion of the arena was not significantly different from random (N=30, P>0.3). When the arena was illuminated with linearly polarized light, the number of animals settling in the shaded portion of the arena was approximately double what would be expected in a random distribution (N=30, P<0.001). The results are further evidence that O. brevispinum is sensitive to polarized light and are consistent with the hypothesis that polarized light may be used by the animals as an indicator of harmful levels of solar ultraviolet radiation.
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Knoepfel, Abbey, Na Liu, Yuchen Hou, Sathya Sujani, Barbara Roqueto dos Reis, Robin White, Kai Wang, Bed Poudel, Sanju Gupta, and Shashank Priya. "Development of Tetrapod Zinc Oxide-Based UV Sensor for Precision Livestock Farming and Productivity." Biosensors 12, no. 10 (October 7, 2022): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12100837.
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In order to ensure the health and welfare of livestock, there has been an emphasis on precision farming of ruminant animals. Monitoring the life index of ruminant animals is of importance for intelligent farming. Here, a wearable sensor for monitoring ultraviolet (UV) radiation is demonstrated to understand the effect of primary and secondary photosensitization on dairy animals. Thin films of wide bandgap semiconductor zinc oxide (ZnO) comprising multilevel of nanostructures from microparticles (MP) to nanoparticles (NP), and tetrapod (T-ZnO), were prepared as the UV sensing active materials. The sensitivity was evaluated by exposing the films to various radiation sources, i.e., 365 nm (UV A), 302 nm (UV B), and 254 nm (UV C), and measuring the electrical resistance change. T-ZnO is found to exhibit higher sensitivity and stable response (on/off) upon exposure to UV A and UV B radiation, which is attributed to their higher surface area, aspect ratio, porosity, and interconnective networks inducing a high density of chemical interaction sites and consequently improved photocurrent generation. A wearable sensor using T-ZnO is packaged and attached to a collar for dynamic monitoring of UV response on ruminant animals (e.g., sheep in this study). The excellent performance of T-ZnO wearable sensors for ruminant animals also holds the potential for a wider range of applications such as residential buildings and public spaces.
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Iomdina, E. N., L. F. Sotnikova, A. V. Goncharova, E. I. Kabanova, A. V. Chechneva, N. Yu Sapego, and E. V. Jani. "Using ultraviolet corneal crosslinking for the treatment of corneal ulcers and other corneal pathologies in animals." Russian Ophthalmological Journal 12, no. 3 (August 31, 2019): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21516/2072-0076-2019-12-3-51-57.
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Purpose. To study the effects of corneal collagen cross-linking (CCL) using ultraviolet-A (UVA) irradiation with riboflavin on the eye’s anterior segment structures in corneal ulcers and other keratopathies in animals.Material and methods. The study involved 26 animals (39 eyes) — 10 cats, 10 dogs, and 6 horses with ulcers, corneal staphyloma, dry and autoimmune keratoconjunctivitis. Examination included slit-lamp biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy (in cases of transparent cornea), tear production test, and staining the eye surface with vital dyes. CCL was performed using UVA radiation of LEDs with a fiber optic output (wavelength 370 nm, radiation power 3 mW/cm2) combined with 0.1 % riboflavin instillation according to the protocol we developed, which specifies various numbers and durations depending on the diagnosis and therapeutic effect desired.Results. Restoration of the shape and transparency of the cornea, relief of anterior eye inflammation, and normalization of tear production occurred much sooner than using traditional treatment. The restoration of vision occurred 2 to 3 months earlier in eyes with corneal staphyloma; more than 4 to 5 months earlier in eyes with keratoconjunctivitis; no relapses were noted in eyes with ulcerative processes, and the restoration of the function of stratified squamous epithelium was achieved within 2 or 3 weeks.Conclusions. The inclusion of modified UFA-based CCL in the treatment scheme of corneal ulcers and staphylomas as well as dry and autoimmune keratoconjunctivitis enables a high therapeutic effect of anterior eye structure restoration. In future, the results obtained could serve as basis for using the developed technology in the treatment of similar eye pathologies in humans.
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Shlyapkina, Vasilisa I., Oleg A. Kulikov, Vladimir P. Balashov, Valentin P. Ageev, Kseniya I. Pleshkova, Valentina A. Nuyanzina, Irina A. Khutorskaya, and Mariya O. Averkina. "MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE SKIN CAUSED BY A PHOTOSENSITIZER EMULSION BASED ON FURANOCOUMARINS OF SOSNOVSKY'S HOGWEED'S." Morphological newsletter 31, no. 2 (March 27, 2023): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20340/mv-mn.2023.31(2).757.
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Furanocoumarins are natural photosensitizers and can be effectively used as drugs for the treatment of skin diseases, including superficial tumors. There are quite old and rare studies of the skin and systemic toxic effects of furanocoumarins, however, at present there are no data on the photosensitizing effect of furanocoumarins from Sosnovsky’s Hogweed’s and other giant hogweeds. There is also no convenient and easily dosed form of furanocoumarins due to the fact that furanocoumarins are rather lipophilic substances and easily form water-insoluble needle-like crystals. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the photosensitizing effect of a new emulsion form of furanocoumarins from Sosnovsky’s Hogweed’s on the skin of laboratory animals. In the course of the study, an emulsion of furanocoumarins extracted from Sosnovsky’s Hogweed’s and stabilized with tween-80 with a concentration of 8-methoxypsoralen 1 mg/ml was obtained. The emulsion was injected intravenously once to white laboratory rats at a dose of 8-methoxypsoralen 3 mg/kg. An area of rat skin after injection of the emulsion was subjected to ultraviolet irradiation at a dose of 44 joules/cm2 with a wavelength of 365 nm. After 7 days, a histological examination of skin biopsies at the site of irradiation was performed. Macroscopically, in rats after the introduction of the emulsion and ultraviolet irradiation, signs of second-degree burns were observed. Microscopically, damage to the epidermis up to the papillary dermis was revealed, accompanied by atrophy of the hair follicles, bullous sub-epidermal cavities, and leukocyte infiltration of the sub-epidermal zone. The emulsion form of furanocoumarins of Sosnovsky’s Hogweed’s with intravenous injection and the photo activating effect of irradiation causes the same degree of burn as with contact exposure, the depth of the cytotoxic effect is limited solely by the penetrating ability of ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength of 365 nm. Intact animals that received only ultraviolet irradiation without emulsion injection had no skin lesions. Thus, the resulting emulsion of furanocoumarins, when injected intravenously, exhibits a photosensitizing effect.
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Abramova, O. B., V. V. Drozhzhina, T. P. Churikova, E. A. Kozlovtceva, L. M. Arkhipova, M. A. Kaplan, S. A. Ivanov, and A. D. Kaprin. "Photodynamic therapy of the experimental tumors of different morphological types with liposomal boronated chlorin е6." Biomedical Photonics 10, no. 3 (October 28, 2021): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24931/2413-9432-2021-10-3-12-22.
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The article summarizes the results of studies of the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy using a new domestic photosensitizer liposomal borated chlorin e6 (LBC) after its parenteral administration (intraperitoneal and intravenous). Antitumor efficacy was evaluated in rats with M-1 sarcoma and PC-1 alveolar liver cancer and mice with B16 melanoma and Ehrlich’s carcinoma, which were transplanted subcutaneously into the thigh area of the animals. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal regimes of photodynamic therapy that would allow achieving the maximum antitumor effect up to 21 days after the photodynamic therapy. The therapy was carried out under the control of the accumulation of the photosensitizer in the tumor and surrounding tissues of the thigh by selecting the doses of the drug and the parameters of laser radiation (energy density and power density). The effectiveness of therapy was assessed by the inhibition of tumor growth, by the percentage of animals with complete tumor regression, by the absolute growth rate in animals with continued tumor growth compared to controls. The results of our studies have shown that the domestic photosensitizer liposomal borated chlorin e6 has high antitumor activity in vivo. In an experimental study of the photosensitizer under certain PDT modes, the maximum antitumor effect (complete tumor regression in 100% of animals) was obtained up to 21 days after PDT in all tumor models used.
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Alekseev, Victor R., Jiang-Shiou Hwang, and Margarita A. Levinskikh. "Effect of Space Flight Factor on Dormant Stages in Aquatic Organisms: A Review of International Space Station and Terrestrial Experiments." Life 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12010047.
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This work is a review of the experiments carried out in the Russian segment of the ISS (inside and outside) from 2005 to 2016 on the effect of the space flight factor on the resting stages of organisms. In outer space, ultraviolet, a wide range of high and low temperatures, cosmic radiation, altered gravity, modified electromagnetic field, vacuum, factors of technical origin, ultrasound, microwave radiation, etc. and their combination determine the damaging effect on living organisms. At the same time, biological dormancy, known in a wide range of bacteria, fungi, animals and plants, allows them to maintain the viability of their dormant stages in extreme conditions for a long time, which possibly allows them to survive during space flight. From 2005 to 2016, the resting stages (propagules) of micro- and multicellular organisms were tested on the ISS to assess their ability to survive after prolonged exposure to the conditions of open space and space flight. Among the more than 40 species studied, about a third were dormant stages of aquatic organisms (eggs of cyprinodont fish, daphnia embryos, resting eggs of fairy shrimps, tadpole shrimps, copepods and ostracods, diapausing larvae of dipterans, as well as resting cysts of algae). The experiments were carried out within the framework of four research programs: (1) inside the ISS with a limited set of investigated species (Akvarium program); (2) outside the station in outer space without exposure to ultraviolet radiation (Biorisk program); (3) under modified space conditions simulating the surface of Mars (Expose program); and (4) in an Earth-based laboratory where single-factor experiments were carried out with neutron radiation, modified magnetic field, microwave radiation and ultrasound. Fundamentally new data were obtained on the stability of the resting stages of aquatic organisms exposed to the factors of the space environment, which modified the idea of the possibility of bringing Earth life forms to other planets with spacecraft and astronauts. It also can be used for creating an extraterrestrial artificial ecosystem and searching for extraterrestrial life.
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Kett, GF, SC Culloty, SA Lynch, and MAK Jansen. "Solar UV radiation modulates animal health and pathogen prevalence in coastal habitats—knowledge gaps and implications for bivalve aquaculture." Marine Ecology Progress Series 653 (October 29, 2020): 217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13464.
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Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is an important environmental factor that can have an impact directly, or indirectly, on the health of organisms. UVR also has the potential to inactivate pathogens in surface waters. As a result, UVR can alter host-pathogen relationships. Bivalve species are threatened by various pathogens. Here, we assessed the impacts of UVR on (i) bivalves, (ii) bivalve pathogens and (iii) the bivalve host-pathogen relationship. UVR consistently impedes pathogens. However, the effect of UVR on marine animals is variable, with both positive and negative impacts. The limited available data allude to the potential to exploit natural UVR for disease management in aquaculture, but also highlight a striking knowledge gap and uncertainty relating to climate change.
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Vicentijevic, M., R. Mitrovic, and Gordana Vitorovic. "Efficiency of clinoptilolite in case of multiple alimentary contamination of the pheasants with 137Cs." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 22, no. 3-4 (2006): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0604105v.
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Obtaining the radiation-hygiene safe products in the case of a large-scale nuclear accident, is a serious problem. The efficient way to solve this problem, and also to prevent human contamination through the food chain, is using efficient radioprotectors. Having in mind that so far research work concerned alimentary Cs-contamination of domestic animals, our aim was to investigate the radioprotector possibilities of clinoptilolit. As experimental animals we used pheasants from the species Phasianus colchicus. Every animal was simultaneously given water solution of 137Cs and radioprotector Clinoptilolit. The level of contamination was determined by gamma - spectrometry in light meat, dark meat, liver and gizzard. The best effect of protection was achieved (78 - 84%) for dark, light meat and liver, than for gizzard (22 - 37%).
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Murzina, E. V., G. A. Sofronov, A. S. Simbirtsev, N. V. Aksenova, O. M. Veselova, and A. M. Ischenko. "Evaluation of the radioprotective properties of recombinant flagellin when used alone or in combination with interleukin-1 beta." Medical academic journal 18, no. 3 (September 15, 2018): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/maj18377-84.
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Research objective. To evaluate the radioprotective effectiveness of recombinant flagellin when used alone or in combination with interleukin-1 beta for prophylactic or therapeutic effect on animals. Materials and methods. The effect of hybrid flagellin FliC Salmonella typhimurium and human interleukin-1β (Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, Saint Petersburg, Russia) on the 30-day survival of male mice exposed to lethal doses of X-ray radiation was studied. Survival of irradiated animals was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results. The preventive use of flagellin had a protective effect on the 30-day survival of mice irradiated with lethal doses of X-rays. Compared with the irradiated control, the administration of flagellin (1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg) prior to X-ray exposure (7.5 Gy, 8.0 Gy or 8.5 Gy) increased the animal survival rate to 67-87%. Complex preventive administration of flagellin (1 mg/kg) and interleukin-1 beta (50 μg/kg) provided a 100% survival rate of the irradiated mice. Separate use of drugs was also effective; 92.8% of mice survived when flagellin was administered prior to irradiation and interleukin after. Conclusion. Recombinant flagellin is a promising candidate product for designing new generation of domestic radiation countermeasures, including combinations with interleukin-1 beta.
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Annisha, Owassa Dza Rebecca, Zifu Li, Xiaoqin Zhou, Ngomah Madgil Don Stenay Junior, and Oscar Omondi Donde. "Efficacy of integrated ultraviolet ultrasonic technologies in the removal of erythromycin- and quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli from domestic wastewater through a laboratory-based experiment." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 9, no. 3 (June 26, 2019): 571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2019.021.
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Abstract Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a common occurrence especially in areas where antibiotic drugs are widely used. Moreover, the potential effect of antibiotic pollution and the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) on the composition of bacterial communities in the ecosystems continue to degrade the quality of most ecosystems. Despite the use of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and ultrasound (US) technologies in wastewater purification, little is known on their application in the elimination of fecal pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli. Moreover, their individual and combined potential in the elimination of erythromycin- and quinolone-resistant E. coli is a topic that still requires proper understanding. Therefore, this study was aimed at evaluating the individual and combined/integrative potential of UV radiation and ultrasonic technologies in the removal of erythromycin- and quinolone-resistant E. coli from domestic effluents using a laboratory experimental-based set-up. The results showed that UV radiation experiment was able to significantly eliminate erythromycin- and quinolone-resistant E. coli from the water to a value of 2 log units. Additionally, US technology was equally able to significantly reduce both the erythromycin- and quinolone-resistant E. coli to 2 log units. However, on combining the two technologies, there was further reduction to 1 log unit, hence, pointing to the need for adopting the integrative approach in water purification for increased wastewater purification efficiencies and improved ecosystem and human health.
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Nedachin, Aleksandr E., R. A. Dmitrieva, T. V. Doskina, and V. A. Dolgin. "COMPARATIVE STABILITY OF POLIOVIRUS, HEPATITIS A VIRUS AND THEIR RNA TO THE IMPACT OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION." Hygiene and sanitation 98, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 1240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-11-1240-1244.
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Introduction. The results of experimental studies on the comparative assessment of the effects of various doses of UV radiation on the survival of poliovirus type I LSc2ab, phage MS-2, hepatitis A viruses and their RNA in tap water are presented. Material and methods. Poliomyelitis viruses of type I strain LSc2ab (PV), viruses of hepatitis A, strain HAS-15 (HAV), phages MS-2, free RNA isolated from hepatitis viruses and poliomyelitis were introduced into model reservoirs with dechlorinated Moscow tap water. Water samples were taken from each tank and subjected to ultraviolet irradiation (UVR) with a wavelength of 254 nm with doses of 25, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mJ/cm2. PV titration was performed on a BGM monkey kidney cell transplant line; MS-2 phages were determined by the agar layer method using the E. coli K12F + Str. detector; determination of PV RNA and HAV was carried out on the Rotor GeneTM 6000 amplifier in RT-PCR reaction in real-time using appropriate test systems. Extraction and isolation of RNA from samples of PV and HAV were also performed using reagent kits of domestic and foreign production. Results. Ultraviolet irradiation in doses from 25 to 100 mJ/cm2 was shown to have a pronounced inhibitory effect on phages MS-2 and PV, determined by traditional methods in accordance with the methodological guidelines MUK 4.2.1018-01 and MUK 4.2.2029-05. At UVR doses of 80 and 100 mJ/cm2, complete inactivation of MS-2 and PV phages in water was noted. At the same time, these same doses of UVR had a less inhibitory effect on PVA, HAV RNA, as well as on isolated free PVA RNA/X and HAV, which were more stable and continued to be determined by RT-PCR in water at all doses of UVR, including 80 and 100 mJ/cm2. Conclusion. If only RNA viruses are detected in the treated drinking water and there are no other direct or indirect indices of viral contamination, it is impossible to unambiguously judge the extent of the potential epidemic hazard of the water body. This requires the development of reliable additional tests confirming the infectivity of viruses, determined only by RNA or DNA markers.
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Al-latif, Zuhoor Abd, Qahtan Abdulqader, and Bassim Abdullah Jassim. "Study of Influencing Effects of UV on the Lung After Infected with Bacteria Pseudomonas Aeruginosa." NeuroQuantology 20, no. 2 (February 25, 2022): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.2.nq22022.
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Ultraviolet radiation has many uses in the field of medicine and treatment, so it has been identified as an important factor in treating or reducing the severity of bacterial infection. The ultraviolet rays have effect on the mice infected with the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and how the rays worked on killing the bacteria. The study focused on the tissue structures of lung, after treated with the UV. It's caused acute defects in tissue structures of lung, of treated white mail mice. After the end of experimental period, the blood samples collecting, then the animals sacrificed for histological study, The current result showed normal alveolar wall with prominent epithelial layer that lining the inner surface of alveoli, the result noted prominent bloody congestions between of alveoli, most tissue sections of lung were normally after treated, but noted some lesions of emphysema The tissue section of lung in this group appeared the positive role of UV rays in treated the pathological lesions the result noted the lung parenchyma was normal in structure except some of blood congestion in different location of lung parenchyma, the figure showed little infiltration cells which situated between the lesions of blood congestions these results have better histological structures compared with infected group, but something similar to control group.
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Ding, Luyu, Qing Zhang, Chaoyuan Wang, Chunxia Yao, Feifei Shan, and Qifeng Li. "A Clean and Health-Care-Focused Way to Reduce Indoor Airborne Bacteria in Calf House with Long-Wave Ultraviolet." Microorganisms 12, no. 7 (July 19, 2024): 1472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071472.
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Long-term exposure to a relatively high concentration of airborne bacteria emitted from intensive livestock houses could potentially threaten the health and welfare of animals and workers. There is a dual effect of air sterilization and promotion of vitamin D synthesis for the specific bands of ultraviolet light. This study investigated the potential use of A-band ultraviolet (UVA) tubes as a clean and safe way of reducing airborne bacteria and improving calf health. The composition and emission characteristics of airborne bacteria were investigated and used to determine the correct operating regime of UVA tubes in calf houses. Intermittent exceedances of indoor airborne bacteria were observed in closed calf houses. The measured emission intensity of airborne bacteria was 1.13 ± 0.09 × 107 CFU h−1 per calf. Proteobacteria were the dominant microbial species in the air inside and outside calf houses. After UVA radiation, the indoor culturable airborne bacteria decreased in all particle size ranges of the Anderson sampler, and it showed the highest reduction rate in the size range of 3.3–4.7 μm. The results of this study would enrich the knowledge of the source characteristics of the airborne bacteria in intensive livestock farming and contribute to the environmental control of cattle in intensive livestock production.
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Manuali, Elisabetta, Claudio Forte, Gaia Vichi, Domenica Anna Genovese, Danilo Mancini, Alessia Arcangela Pia De Leo, Laura Cavicchioli, Paolo Pierucci, and Valentina Zappulli. "Tumours in European Shorthair cats: a retrospective study of 680 cases." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 22, no. 12 (February 12, 2020): 1095–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x20905035.
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Objectives Naturally occurring tumours in domestic cats are less common than in dogs and represent the leading cause of death among older animals. The main objective of this study was to analyse a large data set of histologically diagnosed tumours to highlight the most common World Health Organization (WHO) tumour histotypes, the effect of age and sex, and the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) topographical site predilections of feline breed-specific tumours. Methods A total of 680 feline tumours diagnosed in European Shorthair cats by three veterinary diagnostic laboratories located in central Italy from 2013 to 2019 were collected. Data on age, sex and topography of lesions were recorded. Samples were morphologically and topographically coded using the WHO and the ICD-O-3 classification system. Results Skin and soft tissue neoplasms comprised 55.9% of all tumours, followed by mammary gland (11%), alimentary tract (7.9%), oral cavity and tongue (7.3%), nasal cavity and middle ear (6%), lymph node (3.1%), bone (1.8%) and liver/intrahepatic bile duct (1.3%) tumours. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), sarcoma, lymphoma and basal cell tumours were the most diagnosed neoplasms. Malignant tumours were 82.9% of the total and the topographical sites mainly involved were skin (C44), connective/subcutaneous/other soft tissues (C49), mammary gland (C50), small intestine (C17), nasal cavity and middle ear (C30), and gum (C03). Conclusions and relevance This study aimed to provide an in-depth evaluation of spontaneous feline tumours in the European Shorthair cat breed. Results identify SCC as the most commonly represented skin neoplasm. It is likely that the analysed feline population, living in southern latitudes, was more subject to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light, explaining the discrepancy with previous studies in which SCC was less represented.
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Grechnikova, V. Iu, and I. A. Kondakova. "Use of broadband radiation to reduce microbial contamination of livestock building air and evaluation of its effectiveness." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 2 (July 5, 2022): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2022-63-2-69-75.
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One of the most important tasks of veterinary practice is to find and develop an effective and environmentally friendly method of disinfecting livestock room air that can be used in the presence of animals and service personnel. Currently, low-pressure discharge lamps are used for indoor air sanitation as a source of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, these devices can pose serious environmental pollution risks. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to investigate the bactericidal effectiveness of pulsed broadband optical radiation on the microbial contamination of the house air of livestock and concerning sanitary positive microorganisms. In the article, the authors presented a description of the technical characteristics of the Zarya-1 device based on the use of pulsed high-intensity optical radiation of a continuous spectrum. This spectrum is generated by powerful high-temperature (10000 – 40000 K) plasma sources, developed by SRIP (State Ryazan Instrument Plant) JSC. The bactericidal effect of broadband radiation on the microflora of the air in the livestock building was investigated. The experiment was carried out in the vivarium. Open Petri dishes with dense nutrient media were placed at three points for the deposition of dust particles, microorganisms, and aerosol droplets by gravity. The results obtained were recorded after 24 h. In their study, the authors revealed a reduction in the total microbial count of air in all five variants after exposure to irradiation for durations of 14, 16, 17, 18, and 19 min. Therefore, at the 14 min duration of irradiation, the effectiveness of the sanitary parameters reached 97.12 % and at the 19 min duration 99.78 %.
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Rogachev, Alexander, Alexey Gazin, and Yuliia Zuenkova. "Orthovoltage X-Ray Therapy of Large Cell Invasive Nasal Lymphoma in Cat." Acta Veterinaria 73, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acve-2023-0011.
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Abstract Feline nasal lymphoma is generally a localized radiosensitive tumor. Treatment options include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of both modalities. Radiation therapy (RT) in a combination with chemotherapy lead to median survival from 19 months to 955 days. The objective of this paper is to report a case of a large cell late stage invasive feline nasal lymphoma and to evaluate the results of orthovoltage radiation therapy and its side effects. A 12-year-old female mixed breed cat was presented with nasal discharge, sneezing and hyporexia. Definitive histopathology diagnosis was diffuse large cell lymphoma. Computed tomography revealed an advanced stage of the disease, an intranasal mass, bone lysis, invasion of the orbital space and central nervous system. A radical course of X-ray therapy was performed (SFD = 4 Gy, TSD = 40 Gy, 10 sessions, 3 times a week). Radiation side effects were well tolerated and resolved with supportive treatment. Lymphoma is a systemic process and requires a multidisciplinary approach. On most cases, the penetrating ability of radiation therapy of 3.5 cm in depth is enough for small domestic animals. A significant effect is noted in the middle of the treatment course. The fractionated regime did not cause early radiation damage. The relapse-free period was up to 8 months. The patient had a satisfying quality of life for 5 months. Orthovoltage X-ray therapy can be considered as a treatment choice for local nasal lymphoma. X-ray therapy is a widely used modality in veterinary medicine considering the price of machines and costs of treatment.
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Araneo, B. A., T. Dowell, H. B. Moon, and R. A. Daynes. "Regulation of murine lymphokine production in vivo. Ultraviolet radiation exposure depresses IL-2 and enhances IL-4 production by T cells through an IL-1-dependent mechanism." Journal of Immunology 143, no. 6 (September 15, 1989): 1737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.143.6.1737.
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Abstract The exposure of experimental animals to the inflammatory effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is known to cause depressions in their ability to initiate and effectuate various types of cellular immune responses. Contact-type and delayed-type hypersensitivity, plus the ability to generate protective forms of anti-viral and anti-tumor immunity, are all affected by the prior exposure of normal animals to the effects of this physical agent. Presently, the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) responsible for mediating the changes in immune function observed in UVR-exposed animals is not fully understood. Herein we report that one reproducible consequence of exposing normal mice to low doses of UVR is a dramatic change in the pattern of lymphokines secreted by their activated T cells. Lymphocytes isolated from UVR-exposed donors produce/secrete greatly reduced levels of the T cell lymphokines IL-2 and IFN-gamma activation in vitro with protein Ag of the polyclonal T cell stimulant anti-CD3. The secretion of IL-4 by these lymphocyte cultures, however, is consistently elevated in comparison to normal controls. Further studies determined that a similar change in lymphokine production was induced when mice were treated with either bacterial LPS or rIL-1 beta, a cytokine known to be elevated in vivo after UVR or LPS exposure. The ability of IL-1 to facilitate a change in the capacity of T lymphocytes to produce/secrete lymphokines after in vitro activation does not appear to represent a direct effect of this cytokine on lymphocyte or accessory cell targets because addition of IL-1 beta to cultures of Ag-primed lymphocytes obtained from normal donors was incapable of altering the pattern of lymphokine production. Collectively, our present results add further support to the hypothesis that UVR-induced elevations in endogenous IL-1 are, in part, responsible for the immunomodulatory effects of UVR. These findings provide compelling evidence that UVR, plus other agents capable of endogenously stimulating the production of IL-1, may function to alter the expression of different effector mechanisms in vivo. This could be facilitated through selective reductions in lymphokines produced by Th-1-type cells (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and a simultaneous augmentation in a lymphokine produced by Th-2-type cells (IL-4).
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Toloknova, V. A., I. O. Gavriluk, S. V. Churashov, and A. N. Kulikov. "Treatment of chronic corneal erosions by dispersion of platelet-rich plasma." Modern technologies in ophtalmology, no. 5 (September 30, 2022): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2312-4911-2022-5-229-235.
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Purpose. To create a new way of using PRP for the treatment of the chronic corneal erosions (CCE). Material and methods. The work was performed on 24 Chinchilla rabbits (48 eyes). The study was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, a model of experimental CER was reproduced in all animals using ultraviolet radiation. At the second stage, the animals were divided into 8 groups (6 eyes in each). In group 1A, CER was treated by finely dispersed spraying of PRP over the entire surface of the cornea, further drying of the ocular surface until it dries and adhesion of the autoplasma film to the cornea in 5 layers once. In the 1B group, PRP was sprayed into 10 layers once, in the 1C group, into 15 layers once, in the 1D group, into 20 layers once, in the 1D group, into 25 layers once, and in the 1F group, into 30 layers once. Animals of the 2nd group were instilled with PRP 1 drop every 1 min. within 10 min. 1 time per day for 5 days. Animals of the 3rd group received standard conservative therapy. Conclusions. A new method of using PRP for the treatment of CCE has been created - its fine dispersion alternating with drying. The operating range for the use of PRP in the treatment of CCE by its spraying (application of at least 10, but not more than 25 layers on the corneal surface) has been determined. The application of PRP in various ways accelerates the epithelialization of CCE compared with standard conservative treatment. Spraying of PRP accelerates the epithelialization of CCE compared to its treatment with instillations. Another advantage of spraying PRP compared to instillations is the achievement of a therapeutic effect with a single application. Keywords: chronic corneal erosion, platelet-rich plasma.
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Болтянская, Н., И. Манита, and Е. Подашевская. "Application of nanotechnology in technological processes of animal husbandry in Ukraine." Науковий журнал «Інженерія природокористування», no. 2(16) (December 2, 2020): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37700/enm.2020.2(16).33-37.
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Today, it is becoming more and more obvious that those countries that develop electronics, nanotechnology and biotechnology will have an advantage. The studies carried out have shown that the use of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in animal husbandry currently allows solving a number of acute problems and provides a significant effect. In animal husbandry, it is advisable to use nanotechnology in technological processes, where they provide additional advantages. When forming the microclimate in the premises for keeping animals and poultry, the use of nanotechnology makes it possible to replace the energy-intensive supply and exhaust ventilation system with an energy-saving airconditioning system while ensuring the regulatory parameters of the microclimate: temperature, humidity, gas composition, microbial content, dustiness, air velocity, eliminating odors while maintaining the heat release of animals. Nanoelectrotechnology in the technological processes of poultry farming using high and medium-high frequency electromagnetic radiation allows for: ultraviolet irradiation of hatching eggs and young poultry in order to decontaminate them from pathogens and stimulate perinatal (during incubation) development of young animals (studies have shown that hatchability of chickens increases to 94, and their preservation is up to 99%); disinfection and pasteurization of eggs; division of young poultry by sex. Taking into account the problems of environmental pollution, emissions with an unpleasant smell and gases affecting global warming, existing in animal husbandry, the most effective at present is the use of film-forming solutions of catalytic action. A promising development is the development of environmentally friendly nanotechnology for electroconservation of silage mass of green fodder with an electroactivated preservative instead of expensive organic acids, which require strict safety measures.
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Harlisa, Pasid, Harijono Kario Sentono, Bambang Purwanto, Paramasari Dirgahayu, and Soetrisno. "The Ethyl Acetate Extract of Mangosteen Peel Cream Attenuates Ultraviolet B Radiation-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death Via Antioxidant Effect By Regulation TNF-Α and Caspase 3 in Guinea Pig Skin." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 21, no. 3 (May 21, 2022): 512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v21i3.59563.
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Background:UV radiation induced ROS cause DNA damage mainly due to photoaging. Lipid peroxidation due to UV exposure also produces non-toxic metabolite compounds namely malonyldialdehyde (MDA). Upregulation of TNF-α is key to the initial response to ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure by keratinocytes. The basal cell layer is the most affected undergoes to apoptosis and can be detected through caspase 3 which is the main executor of apoptosis. Mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana Linn.)contains xanthon known as alpha mangosteen, the most attention today is as an antioxidant. The purpose of this study is to determine the antioxidant effects of ethyl acetate extract in mangosteen peel cream on MDA levels, anti-inflammatory effects on TNF-α levels and anti-apoptosis effects on caspase 3 levels, testedin guinea pig skin exposed to UVB rays. Methods :This study uses a post test only control group design using female guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) who obtained, cared, and treated at the Wates Veterinary Center, Yogyakarta. Consisting of 20 animals divided randomly into 4 treatment groups.P1: normal group, without any treatment. P2: exposed to UVB light. P3: exposed to UVB light and given base cream. P4: exposed to UVB light and given 12% extract mangosteen peel cream. MDA were analyzed by the TBARS method (nmol/ml). Levels of TNF-α epidermis were obtained by the TNF alpha Elisa antibodies Kit (pg/ml). Levels of caspase 3 epidermis were obtained by the caspase antibody 3 Elisa Kit (pmol / L). Results:Post Hoc statistical analysis showed that MDA serum levels of P4 group was significantly lower compared to P2 group(p<0.01), TNF-αepidermis levels of P4 groupwas significant lower compared to P2 group(p<0,001) and caspase 3 epidermis levels of P4 groupwas significant lower compared to P2 group (p<0.01). Conclusion:Administration of 12% dose ethyl acetate extract of mangosteen peel cream is proven to significantly lower MDA levels, TNF-α levels and Caspase-3 levels in the epidermal tissues of guinea pig skin exposed to ultraviolet B light. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July’22 Page: 512-520
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Ramtvedt, Eirik Næsset, Terje Gobakken, and Erik Næsset. "Fine-Spatial Boreal–Alpine Single-Tree Albedo Measured by UAV: Experiences and Challenges." Remote Sensing 14, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 1482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061482.
Full textAbstract:
The boreal–alpine treeline is a fine-spatial heterogeneous ecotone with small single trees, tree clusters and open snow surfaces during wintertime. Due to climate change and decreased grazing of domestic animals, the treelines expand both upwards into the mountains and northwards into the tundra. To quantify and understand the biophysical radiative climatic feedback effect due to this expansion, it is necessary to establish measurement strategies of fine-spatial albedo by which relationships with the tree structure and snow-masking effect can be quantified. In this study, we measured single-tree Norway spruce albedo for small trees using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The platform allows the measurement of proximal remotely sensed albedo, enabling the provision of fine-spatial reflectance distributed over larger geographical areas. The albedo measurements varied from 0.39 to 0.99. The interaction between the diurnal course of the sun and sloping terrain constituted the most important driving factor on the albedo. Surprisingly, all tree structural variables revealed smaller correlations with the albedo than typically found for boreal and boreal–alpine summertime albedo. The snow-masking effect of the trees on the albedo was statistically significant and was found to be stronger than the effects of tree structural variables. Only the canopy density had a statistically significant effect on the albedo among the tree structural variables. This was likely explained by the imprecise heading of the hoovering positions of the UAV and insufficient spatial resolution of the reflected radiation measurements. For further development of fine-spatial UAV-measured albedo, we recommend the use of UAVs with high-precision navigation systems and field-stop devices to limit the spatial size of the measured reflected radiation.
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Lisina, N., K. Romanova, L. Sycheva, and L. Rozhdestvenskiy. "Comparative Evaluation of the Anti-Radiation Efficacy of Flagellin by Survival and Micronucleus Test." Medical Radiology and radiation safety 66, no. 4 (September 13, 2021): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1024-6177-2021-66-4-13-17.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of the domestic drug flagellin (development of the State Research Institute of High-Purity Biological Products, St. Petersburg) in an extended range of drug administration periods before and after irradiation, as well as evaluation of the possibility of using the micronucleus test as a biomarker of its effectiveness.
Material and methods: The work was performed on male ICR CD1 mice weighing 20–22g. The radioprotective effectiveness of flagellin was evaluated by the 30-day survival rate of experimental animals in comparison with control groups. The cytogenetic effect was evaluated by a micronucleus test in polychromatophilic erythrocytes (MJ-PCE) of mouse bone marrow. Irradiation was performed on the RUST M1 X-unit at a dose rate of 1.1 Gy/min in the dose range from 7 to 10 Gy for survival assessment and at a dose of 1 Gy for the micronucleus test. Flagellin was administered intraperitoneally at 0.2 mg/kg for 18 h and 30 min before irradiation, 10 and 30 min after irradiation. The animals of the control groups were injected with a solvent – phosphate-albumin buffer at the same time and in the same volume.
Results: The most effective was the use of flagellin for 30 min and 10 min in relation to radiation (survival at 8.5 Gy 92 % and 78 %, at 9 Gy 81 % and 55 %, respectively) with survival in the control 29 % and 0. In the most studied version of the introduction of flagellin 30 minutes before exposure, the FID values at the level of generally accepted estimates LD16, LD50, LD84, were 1.3; 1.2 and 1.2, respectively.
Conclusions: It is of interest to further expand the time range of the use of flagellin, especially after irradiation. The use of the method of estimating the proportion of polychromatophilic erythrocytes with micronuclei in the bone marrow allowed us to identify the optimal timing of drug administration much faster than in terms of survival (MJ-PCR test was performed 24 hours after irradiation). The MJ-PHE indicator can be considered as a potential biomarker of drug-induced increased radioresistance (this was previously shown in our studies for betaleukin, indralin, and riboxin).
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Kitapova, R. R., and A. U. Ziganshin. "Biologic activity of humic substances from peat and sapropel." Kazan medical journal 96, no. 1 (February 15, 2015): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2015-084.
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The article reviews papers researching the biologic activity of peat and sapropel-derived humic substances, published by domestic and foreign authors. Peat is an accumulation of mainly partially decayed vegetation decomposed by microorganisms, found at mires. Sapropel is natural organic minerals that are derived from freshwater body sediment and formed by decayed vegetation and animal residues, minerals of biochemical and chemical origin and mineral components. Humic substances are a specific group of macromolecular substances derived from peat and sapropel as a result of vegetation and animal residues deterioration. It was found that drugs based on humic substances have the broadest spectrum of biological properties that are already widely used in veterinary medicine and can be used in various spheres of medicine. In particular, medications containing humic substances affect the nonspecific and specific resistance of the organism, show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, membranotropic, hepatoprotective properties, have the ability to enhance the metabolic processes activity in the body. Sodium humate stimulates the tumor regression, helps to prevent serotonin ulcers, increases the body’s resistance to hypoxic conditions. Humic substances are do not have any toxic, teratogenic, embryotoxic and carcinogenic properties, while at the same time they are able to positively influence the health status of animals, increasing their productivity. Positive effect of humic substances on plant adaptation to ionizing radiation and pesticides was shown. Plenty of research and favorable results provides a basis for the development of a new direction in pharmacy and pharmacology related to the creation of new domestic products based on peat and sapropel.
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FAN, XUETONG, PETER FELKER, and KIMBERLY J. SOKORAI. "Decontamination of Mesquite Pod Flour Naturally Contaminated with Bacillus cereus and Formation of Furan by Ionizing Irradiation†." Journal of Food Protection 78, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 954–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-572.
Full textAbstract:
Mesquite pod flour produced from nitrogen-fixing trees of the Prosopis species has a unique aroma and flavor that is preferred by some consumers. Due to the presence of wildlife, grazing domestic animals, and insects, the pods have a high potential of being contaminated with human pathogenic bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus. Nonthermal processing technologies are helpful to reduce the population of microorganisms in the flour because heating deteriorates the characteristic flavor. A study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of ionizing radiation in decontaminating two types of mesquite pod flours (Prosopis alba and Prosopis pallida) naturally contaminated with B. cereus and the effects of irradiation on the formation of furan, a possible human carcinogen. Results showed that the populations of B. cereus were 3.8 and 5.4 log CFU/g in nonirradiated P. alba and P. pallida flours, respectively, and populations of microflora, mesophilic spores, B. cereus, and B. cereus spores decreased with increasing radiation doses. At 6 kGy, the populations fell below 1 log CFU/g. Irradiation at 6 kGy had no significant effect on the fructose, glucose, or sucrose content of the flour. Nonirradiated P. alba and P. pallida flours contained 13.0 and 3.1 ng/g of furan, respectively. Furan levels increased with irradiation doses at rates of 2.3 and 2.4 ng/g/kGy in the two flours. The level of 3-methylbutanal was reduced or not affected by irradiation, while the hexanal level was increased. Our results suggested that irradiation was effective in decontaminating contaminated mesquite flour. The significance of furan formation and possible changes in flavor due to irradiation may need to be further examined.
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Vaskovskiy, V. A., I. A. Taymasova, D. V. Kalinin, N. A. Antipina, A. A. Nikolaeva, G. Y. Smirnov, A. V. Golanov, A. A. Potapov, and A. Sh Revishvili. "Experimental use of stereotactic radiosurgery for non-invasive interventions in arrhythmology." Journal of Arrhythmology 28 (October 26, 2021): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35336/va-2021-e-44-50.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose. The experimental study aimed to study the effects of stereotaxic radioablation of various doses on the myocardium of the atria, ventricles and atrioventricular (AV) node in the long term (up to 6 months); as well as assessment of collateral damage during radioablation.Methods. The study comprised 4 domestic pigs. The animals were 10-12 weeks old, the average weight was 30±2.7 kg. A linear accelerator was used for the experiment. Each animal underwent radiation exposure in different areas: 1st animal - AV node (dose 35 Gy), 2nd animal - AV node and the apex of the left ventricle (LV) (dose 40/35 Gy, respectively), 3rd animal - pulmonary veins (PV) and left atrium (dose 30 Gy), 4th - AV node and LV free wall (dose 45/40 Gy). Under intravenous sedation with hemodynamic monitoring, contrast-based CT of the heart was performed to assess the degree of displacement of the heart chambers in one respiratory and cardiac cycle and to assess the anatomy of the chambers of the heart and adjacent organs. The allocation and the contouring of the target zones were carried out in three projections: axial, frontal and sagittal. For electrocardiographic control, a loop recorder was implanted in each animal. The average exposure time was 11±7 minutes. After a follow-up period, morphological examination of the autopsy material was performed.Results. The average follow-up period after ablation was 134.75±77.34 days. The electrophysiological effect of the ablation was achieved in cases of complete AV-block development. This effect was developed in 2 out of 3 animals, where AV-node was exposed: 2nd animal - 40 Gy on 108th day of observation and 4th animal - 45 Gy on 21st day of observation. No cardiac tachyarrhythmia was recorded in the animals. The results of myocardium macro- and microscopic examination showed significant changes in the target zones. These areas had precise but uneven damage boundaries, which were within the planned ones (conformal exposure with a high degree of precision). The transmural nature of the changes was noted as well. Massive fields of fibrous tissue of various degrees of maturity (with a predominance of subepicardial localization) with focal hemorrhages of various ages and granulations were detected, which were surrounded by cardiomyocytes with coagulated and vacuolated cytoplasm.Conclusion. The use of non-invasive stereotactic treatment of tachyarrhythmias has high prospects in modern electrophysiology as an alternative ablation method.
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Da Conceição, Maria Eduarda Bastos Andrade Moutinho, Danielli Martinelli Martins, Paulo Henrique Leal Bertolo, Daniella Kaísa de Oliveira Bezerra, Carmina Daniela Costa Ferreira da Silva, Lucien Roberta Valente Miranda De Aguirra, Rosemeri De Oliveira Vasconcelos, and Washington Luiz Assunção Pereira. "Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Third Eyelid of Cat." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 44, no. 1 (January 16, 2016): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.82863.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The third eyelid neoplasms are uncommon in cats. The squamous cell carcinoma are easily found in head and neck of same specie, although is unusual in eye region. The more commun localization is eyelid and eyeball, being 60 and 15%, respectively. It could bee diagnosed by citology, histopathology, imunohistochemistry and molecular biology. The surgery is more effective treatment, because the tumor can be totally removed and it must available surgical margin. The aim of this study was to report a case of squamous cell carcinoma in third eyelid of a cat and show how it was treated with radical surgery. Case: A 11-year-old spayed female domestic short-haired white and black colored cat was presented for evaluation at Maria Dias Teixeira Hospital of Amazonia Federal Rural University (UFRA), of an red ocular mass fast growth in the left eye for 2 months. Physical exam was within normal limits. The animal presented discomfort on the region, when it was manipulated. The mass was ulcerated and blood-tinged ocular discharge, had 3.3 x 2 cm, beginning on third eyelid and overlay all the eyeball. Blood was collated to make exams. Complete blood count and serum chemistry profiles were within normal ranges, but leukocytes were increased and it was treated with Amoxicillin (22 mg/kg). It was performed biopsy to histopathology and immunohistochemistry diagnose, and radiography and ultrasonography to found metastasis. Ocular tissues were fixed in 10% formalin and processed routinely for histological examination. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and diagnosed poorly differentiated Squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry was performed using anti-cytokeratin 1:200, anti-vimentin 1:150 and anti-actin alpha smooth muscle 1:700 antibodies. The tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin and negative for vimentin. In tumor stroma was immunostaining of myofibroblasts by actina alpha smooth muscle. Because of malignment and infiltrative neoplasm, it was chosen to perform eye and eyelid enucleation. At post-operative evaluation no complication was found and in tem days, surgical wound was held. Seven months post-operative no neoplastic tissue had growth on local. Discussion: A retrospective study at Belem and some close cities, which took all neoplasms and classified, found only 1.5% of ocular neoplasms, and no one was in cats. Similarly occurred with another study, that 1.21% out of ocular masses, just 12.5% was diagnosed in cats, showing how uncommon is ocular neoplasm in cats. Including theses lesions, less of then are only in third eyelid. Ultraviolet radiation is the most related probably causes of squamous cell carcinoma. At Belem City ultravioleta radiation is very high, can bee 11 in some stations, in a scale of 0 to 14, the medial temperature is 27ºC. Another factor that could influence squamous cell carcionoma progress is skin color, animals’ wich skin is light have more probably to develop this neoplasm. On our case, close to eye, skin was dark, although the carcinoma was growth at third eyelid mucosa, a local that have no protection to ultraviolet radiation. Myofibroblasts observed in the tumor stroma are important in the invasion process of this tumor in humans. The treatment used in this case was radical surgery, with no other adjuvant, what is indicate for some authors. Another authors prefer exscind only third eyelid, but sometimes it is not possible, because this kind of neoplasm is very infiltrate. The localization and the nodular form of squamous cell carcinoma found in this study is uncommon, mainly in cats. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis were important for definitive diagnostic. The treatment by enucleation of eyeball and removing the eyelids was effective, without relapse in 7 months after surgery. Keywords: oncology, ophthalmology, ocular neoplasm, feline.
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Ebobenow, J., and N. A. Arreyndip. "Monitoring the evolution of drought conditions over Africa." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 958, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/958/1/012004.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Droughts have been found to have serious repercussions on humans, animals, and plants’ lives and they are likely to intensify under increasing global mean temperature. Monitoring drought conditions help in designing appropriate adaptations and mitigation strategies. This paper monitors the evolution of drought conditions in Africa over the past 30 years and the potential repercussions posed by this disaster event. We analyze and compare trends in surface temperatures, precipitation, soil moisture, Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR), and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). We use the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis, the University of Delaware, the Climate Prediction Center (CPC), and the DAI PDSI gridded data for the period 1984-2014. Results from the NCEP/NCAR, University of Delaware, CPC, and the DAI PDSI gridded data show an increasingly warmer, drier, and less cloudy Sub-Saharan climate but with an intensification of the West African monsoon rainfall. Moreover, more than 80% of the continent shows strong evidence of droughts with an average increase in drought severity index. These conditions will likely have a negative effect on the agricultural sector which accounts for more than 70% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of this region thereby posing a serious threat to regional food security. We recommend the research into and the development of new crop varieties that can tolerate higher temperatures and need less water. Additionally, our findings can also be used in Sub-Saharan Africa’s water management systems.
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Morlier, J. P., M. Morin, G. Monchaux, P. Fritsch, J. F. Pineau, J. Chameaud, J. Lafuma, and R. Masse. "Lung Cancer Incidence After Exposure of Rats to Low Doses of Radon: Influence of Dose Rate." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 56, no. 1-4 (December 1, 1994): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a082429.
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Abstract To study the effect on lung cancer incidence of a long exposure to low levels of radon, 500 male 3-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats, were exposed to a cumulative dose of 25 WLM of radon and its daughters, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, during 18 months. Exposure conditions were controlled in order to maintain a defined PAEC: 42 x 10-6 J.m-3 (2 WL), in the range of domestic and environmental exposures. Animals were kept until they died or given euthanasia when moribund. Mean survival times were similar in both irradiated and control groups: 828 days (SD = 169) and 830 days (SD = 137), as well as lung cancer incidence, 0.60% at 25 WLM and 0.63% for controls. The incidence of lung lesions was compared statistically with controls and those previously obtained at cumulative exposures of 25 and 50 WLM delivered over a 4-6 month period, inducing a significant increase of lung cancer, 2.2% and 3.8% respectively. Such a comparison showed a decreased lung cancer incidence related to a decrease in the dose rate for low levels of radon exposure.
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Sugianto, Monita, Achadiyani Achadiyani, and Gaga Irawan Nugraha. "Antioxidant Effects of Red Fruit Oil on MMP-1 Gene Expression and Malondialdehyde Levels on Skin Exposed to UVB Rays." Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences 3, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21705/mcbs.v3i2.68.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Chronic exposure ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Furthermore, ROS will induce the formation of malondialdehyde and increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 expression. One strategy against the free radicals effects is by consuming antioxidants. This study aims to analyze the antioxidants effect of red fruit oil (RFO) on MMP-1 expression and malondialdehyde levels due to exposure to UVB rays.Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups. The P0 group was not given treatment, the P1 group was only exposed to UVB light, the P2 group was exposed to UVB light and given 0.5 mL/200 g body weight (BW) of RFO, the P3 group was exposed to UVB light and given 1 mL/200 g BW of RFO, and group P4 exposed to UVB rays and given 2 mL/200 g BW of RFO. Experimental animals would be examined for MMP-1 expression and malondialdehyde level. RFO would be identified with β-carotene and tocopherol content.Results: Beta-carotene and tocopherol were detected in RFO. RFO reduced significantly MMP-1 expression (p<0.05) in P2 group (0.73±1.27), P3 group (0.63±0.95), P4 group (9.56±20.97) compared group P1 (48.07±65.58). However, RFO did not reduce malondialdehyde levels (p>0.05).Conclusion: Our research demonstrates RFO containing tocopherol and β-carotene can reduce the MMP-1 expression, but does not affect malondialdehyde levels due to exposure to UVB rays. An effective dose that can reduce malondialdehyde levels and MMP-1 expression is 1 mL/200 g BW.Keywords: red fruit oil, antioxidant, skin, MMP-1 expression, malondialdehyde, UVB rays, photoaging
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Vaskovskiy, V. A., I. A. Taymasova, D. V. Kalinin, N. A. Antipina, A. A. Nikolaeva, G. Y. Smirnov, A. V. Golanov, A. A. Potapov, and A. Sh Revishvili. "Experimental use of stereotactic radiosurgery for non-invasive interventions in arrhythmology." Journal of Arrhythmology 28, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35336/va-2021-1-5-13.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose. The aim of the experimental study was to study the effects of stereotaxic radioablation of various doses on the myocardium of the atria, ventricles and atrioventricular (AV) node in the long term (up to 6 months); as well as assessment of collateral damage during radioablation.Material and methods. The research was carried out on 4 domestic pigs. The animals were 10-12 weeks old, the average weight was 30±2.7 kg. Linear accelerator «TrueBeam», Varian was used for the experiment. Animals were divided into groups according to the zones of planned radiation exposure: 1st animal AV node (dose 35 Gy), 2nd animal AV node and the apex of the left ventricle (LV) (dose 40/35 Gy, respectively), 3rd animal pulmonary veins (PV) and left atrium (dose 30 Gy), 4th AV node and free wall of the LV (dose 45/40 Gy). Under intravenous sedation with hemodynamic monitoring, contrast-based CT of the heart was performed to assess the degree of displacement of the heart chambers in one respiratory and cardiac cycle and to assess the anatomy of the chambers of the heart and adjacent organs. The allocation and the contouring of the target zones were carried out in 3 projections: axial, frontal and sagittal. For electrophysiological control, loop recorders were implanted in each animal. The average exposure time was 11±7 minutes. The long-term follow-up period was 6 months, followed by morphological examination of autopsy material.Results. The average follow-up period after the experiment was 134.75±77.34 days. The electrophysiological effect of the ablation was achieved in cases of complete AV-block development. This effect was developed in 2 out of 3 animals, whose AV-node was exposed: 2nd animal 40 Gy on 108th day of observation and 4th animal 45 Gy on 21st day of observation. No cardiac arrhythmias were recorded in all cases. The results of macroand microscopic examination showed significant changes in the target zones. These areas had precise but uneven damage boundaries, which were within the planned ones (conformal exposure with a high degree of precision). The transmural nature of the changes was noted as well. Massive fields of fibrous tissue of various degrees of maturity (with a predominance of subepicardial localization) with focal hemorrhages of various ages and granulations were detected, which were surrounded by cardiomyocytes with coagulated and vacuolated cytoplasm.Conclusion. The use of non-invasive stereotactic treatment of tachyarrhythmias has high prospects in modern arrhythmology as an alternative ablation method.
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Mocherniuk, M., and M. Kukhtyn. "Microbiological indicators of bioaerosol in veterinary medicine clinics." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 24, no. 108 (November 28, 2022): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet10801.
Full textAbstract:
Exposure to bioaerosol from the premises of veterinary clinics poses a significant threat to the health of veterinary staff and patient animals. Because pathogens of airborne infections can be transmitted through it. The aim of the work was to determine the number of mesophilic aerobic microorganisms in the bioaerosol of various premises of veterinary clinics during their operation and under the influence of disinfection. Bioaerosol samples were collected in the premises of veterinary clinics using the sedimentation method. The seeded Petri dishes were placed in a thermostat at an incubation temperature of +37 ± 1 °C for 48 hours. It was established that the number of mesophilic microorganisms in the bioaerosol of veterinary clinics was the highest in the room for primary examination, in the manipulation area with boxes for keeping sick animals and in the dental operating room – from 1943.5 ± 127.1 to 2725.2 ± 193.4 CFU/m3. That is, in no room was an excess of the number of bacteria in the bioaerosol found in accordance with the conditional standard of 5000 CFU/m3. Although in other premises of these veterinary clinics, the number of mesophilic microorganisms in the bioaerosol was much lower and ranged from 102.4 ± 8.3 to 123.1 ± 9.5 CFU/m3. It was found that in the rooms for the primary examination, the manipulation area with boxes for keeping sick animals and in the dental operating room, in the bioaerosol with the maximum number of mesophilic microorganisms (from 2801.3 ± 178.2 to 1605.4 ± 127.3 CFU/m3) in the winter period, the number of bacteria was 1.5 times higher, compared to the content in the summer period. Therefore, in winter, the “pressure” of bioaerosol microbiota increases on veterinary staff and animal patients, which in turn can lead to the transmission of pathogens by airborne droplets. During the assessment of preventive measures implemented in veterinary clinics, it was found that in the premises for primary examination, the manipulation area with boxes for keeping sick animals and in the dental operating room, in bioaerosol, which were detected from 1193.5 ± 107.4 to 1885.1 ± 119.4 CFU/m3 of mesophilic microorganisms after one-hour treatment with bactericidal lamps, the number of microbiota decreased by 13.1–15.4 times. At the same time, in rooms where microbial air pollution before disinfection was within the range of 130.6 ± 7.8−223.9 ± 14.1 CFU/m3, after exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the content of bacteria decreased by 3.7–4.7 times. That is, in the bioaerosol of all rooms, there remains a stable part of the microbiota in the amount of 30–150 bacteria per m3, which was not exposed to the bactericidal effect of the lamps. Therefore, determining the risk of spreading bioaerosol pathogens in veterinary clinics will make it possible to implement sanitary and epidemiological measures to reduce the transmission of pathogens in a timely manner.
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Zaychenko, G. V., O. A. Pokotylo, and N. S. Nikitina. "An influence of the cream with cerium dioxide nanoparticles on some vital signs of rats in the setting of a topical application in a chronic experiment." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 2 (May 10, 2019): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/3057.2.19.10.
Full textAbstract:
Melanoma and non-melanoma cancers are global healthcare problems nowadays. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is one of the risk factors of development of these pathologies. An introduction of sunscreen creams with cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CDN) in medical practice will widen the spectrum of measures of prevention of UV-induced injuries, namely, skin malignancies. Development of such products includes the complex of non-clinical studies in the field of safety pharmacology.
The study on an influence of the cream with CDN on some vital signs of rats in the setting of a topical application in a chronic experiment.
Standardized CDN 6–15 nm in size were synthesized in TOV ‘NanoMedTech’, the dermal cream with 0.25% CDN was developed in SSI ‘Institute for Single Crystals’ of NAS of Ukraine. The experiment was carried out on 100 white female Wistar rats. Animals were allocated into 5 groups with 20 rats each: an intact control, an application of the cream with CDN in the doses of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 g/kg, an application of a cream base (placebo). The cream with CDN was applied on skin once a day during 6 months. Toxicity was evaluated on the basis of following indices: survivability, overall health and behavior of animals, ingestion of food and water, body mass dynamics, hematological and serum biochemical indices, macroscopic structure and mass coefficients of internal organs.
No mortality, deterioration of overall health, changes in behavior and ingestion of food and water were observed in groups of an application of the cream with CDN; body mass dynamics were positive. There were no critical differences in hematological (hemoglobin; erythrocyte, thrombocyte, leukocyte count; leucogram) and serum biochemical (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, albumin, creatinine, glucose, cholesterol, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, chlorides) indices between groups of an application of the cream with CDN and control groups over a period of the experiment. A macroscopic evaluation of condition of internal organs didn’t show any toxic effect of the cream with CDN, and mass coefficients were standard for rats and basically didn’t differ from those in control groups.
The cream with CDN in the doses of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 g/kg in the setting of a topical application in rats once a day during 6 months is safe – it doesn’t cause animal mortality, doesn’t influence overall health, behavior of animals, ingestion of food and water, doesn’t contribute to negative body mass dynamics, doesn’t have a negative impact on hematological and serum biochemical indices, and doesn’t alter a macroscopic structure and mass coefficients of internal organs of rats.