Relevant bibliographies by topics / Effect of temperature on food crops

Academic literature on the topic 'Effect of temperature on food crops'

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Published: 25 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Effect of temperature on food crops"

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Kwakye, Jacob. "Effect of Temperature and Rainfall Variability on Selected Crop Yields in Wenchi Municipality of Ghana." American Journal of Environment and Climate 2, no. 1 (April 3, 2023): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajec.v2i1.1328.

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The paper examines how rainfall and temperature variability affect the yields of selected food crops in the Wenchi municipality of Ghana. The study employed the quantitative research method to achieve its objective. The datasets consisted of historical records of monthly observational data of temperature and rainfall collected over 22 years (2000-2021), and yearly records of cassava, yam, and maize yield data collected over 22 years (2000 to 2021). Trend analysis was conducted to examine the trend in the climate variables (temperature and rainfall) and the yield of the selected food crops (cassava, yam, and maize) over the study period. A marginal variation in annual rainfall and temperature was observed over the study period. The municipality experienced slightly decreasing trends in annual rainfall and increasing trends in annual temperatures. Significant variations and increasing trends in the yields of the respective food crops were observed. Using standard regression methods, the result shows that maximum and minimum temperatures are associated with increased yields for yam, maize and cassava, but annual rainfall is not significantly associated with the variations in the yields of the selected food crops. The study, therefore, suggests that further research be undertaken to investigate how other environmental and non-climatic factors influence crop production in the Wenchi municipality.
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Gupta, Komal, S. S. Bhadauria, and C. S. Puhup. "Effect of climate change on agriculture and sustainability." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 19, RAAAHSTSE (June 15, 2023): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/19.raaahstse-2023/163-167.

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Global climate change is a change in the long-term weather patterns that characterize the regions of the world. The term “weather” refers to the short-term (daily) changes in temperature, wind and precipitation of a region. Climate change is more than global warming. The rise in average temperature is only one indicator of broader changes also translating into extreme temperatures, drought, flooding, storms, rising sea levels, impacts on food production and infectious diseases. Although the scientific community has been aware of the link between greenhouse gases (GHGs) and climate change for many years, world leaders have been slow to react and implement measures to mitigate the risks. In the long run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, moisture availability etc. It is directly impact food production across the globe. Increase in the mean seasonal temperature can reduce the duration of many crops and hence reduce the yield. Drivers of climate change through alterations in atmospheric composition can also influence food production directly by its impacts on plant physiology. The consequences of agriculture’s contribution to climate change, and of climate change’s negative impact on agriculture, are severe which is projected to have a great impact on food production and may threaten the food security and hence, require special agricultural measures to combat with.
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Jha, Brajesh, and Amarnath Tripathi. "How Susceptible Is India’s Food Basket to Climate Change?" Social Change 47, no. 1 (February 9, 2017): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085716681902.

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Food security in India is often associated with the sufficiency of fine cereals (paddy and wheat) in the consumer basket, and the concentration of fine cereals in total cereal production and distribution in India makes climate change-related threats more severe. The pattern of changes in the climate variables is ascertained with monthly rainfall and temperature data for day and night. Findings suggest unambiguous increase in day temperature across reference months and regions. The increase in the night temperature is conspicuous in states, south of the Tropic of Cancer. Rainfall pattern indicates a shift in rain across months and reference regions. The susceptibility of fine cereals is studied by separately regressing productivity of paddy and wheat crops on climatic variables and time. The day temperature has an adverse effect on yield of both the crops; effect is significant during flowering and grain filling stage of paddy and wheat respectively. The night temperature is affecting yield of paddy adversely. The relationship between temperature and yield of crops is revealed with the log-linear specifications in the most cases. In Haryana, relationship between the above variables is quadratic. Time, irrespective of climate variables, remains an important explanatory variable for variation in the yield of crops.
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Fang, Ming, Songqing Jin, Klaus Deininger, and Matthew Gammans. "Heterogenous climate impacts on crop yields: evidence from Ukraine." Environmental Research Communications 5, no. 10 (October 1, 2023): 105015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/acde36.

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Abstract Ukraine ranks among the largest global producers and exporters of a variety of agricultural commodities. Despite its importance, there is limited research on the effect of climate change on the future of Ukraine’s agricultural sector. We investigate how weather affects the yields of Ukraine’s five major crops: winter wheat, spring barley, sunflower, soybean, and corn. Using panel data on village-level surveyed crop yields and fine-scale weather data from 2004–2020, we estimate flexible statistical yield models to characterize the impact of temperature and precipitation changes on crop yields. A simple linear model of the effect of average temperature and precipitation on yields suggests warming is beneficial for all crops in Ukraine. However, a more flexible model of the temperature-yield relationship implies that the yields of two cold-season crops, winter wheat and spring barley, respond negatively to temperatures above 29 °C and 30 °C, respectively. We find no negative effects of high temperatures for the three warm-season crops. We conclude that both average temperature and exposure to high temperatures affect Ukrainian yields.
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Elsheikh, Wadah. "Effect of Climate Change on Agricultural Production: A Case Study Khartoum State, Sudan." Open Access Journal of Agricultural Research 7, no. 3 (2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajar-16000299.

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Climate change refers to weather changes that occur through time, either naturally or as a result of human activity. Climate change is now a worldwide issue, and Sudan is one of the developing countries that have suffered as a result of it. Sudan's economy is mostly based on agricultural, with Khartoum State playing a significant part in the country's economy. There are various important food crops grown in Khartoum, including wheat and sorghum. It is also known for the production of citrus fruits, particularly lemon, as well as onions, potatoes, beans, tomatoes, vegetables, fodder, and other crops. The results of this study showed that the annual highest maximum temperature was 40.8 °C in May and the lowest was in January 30 °C, while the minimum temperature ranged from 15.4 °C in January to 27.1 °C in June. For average temperature the highest degree was 34.3 °C in May and lowest was 22.7 °C in January. As for the precipitation, the highest was in August, reaching 27 mm, while the lowest was 3 mm in May, during the rainy months, which are between May and October only. As for the rainy days in the rainy months during the year, the highest value was 4 mm during July and August, while lowest was 1 mm in May, June and October, while it was 2 mm in the month of September. The highest humidity was 47% in August and the lowest was 12% in April. While for sunny days, the highest daylight hours were in June, when it was 11.7 hours, and the lowest hours were at 10.1 hours, and it was recorded in December. In this article, we specifically discussed how these climatic factors might impact the growth of important food crops in Khartoum. Climate change in Khartoum foretold that temperatures would rise to their highest point in the future, having a negative impact on agricultural crops. Due to low rainfall, drought stress on crops is also anticipated. The remedies to this issue are represented by integrated natural resource management and development, agricultural improvement and development, and the cultivation of species resistant to the impacts of climate change.
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Sanadya, Anurag, Avinash Yadu, Jeet Raj, Harshana Chandrakar, and Ranjit Singh. "Effect of Temperature on Growth, Quality, Yield Attributing Characters and Yield of Rice – A Review." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 8 (June 6, 2023): 804–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i82014.

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the second most important food in the world after wheat. Most rice is now grown in areas where the temperature is higher than the optimum growing temperature (28/22°C); therefore, a further increase in average temperature or high temperature occurring in the sensitive phase of the crop can affect growth and yield. Clutter. For every 1°C increase in daytime maximum/night minimum temperature from 28°C/21°C to 34°C/27°C, rice yield decreases by 7% to 8%. Additionally, the benefits that crops derive from high atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations must be lost due to warming. The thermal stability of cell membranes is thought to correlate well with yield performance. Temperature is important in photosynthesis, but too hot can cause reduced photosynthesis of leaves and reduced distribution of dry matter to shoots and roots. The disadvantage of temperature is not limited to the above-ground rice. The underground area is affected, if not more, by the flood, and the temperature of the soil changes due to the heat. Future increases in global temperatures threaten people worldwide who depend on crops for their health and food security. In the past, the stress of the crisis on rice production focused on the rice crop. This review highlights the importance of rice in the world, the effect of high temperature on the growth, quality, yield and properties of rice, and the need for future research.
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Mangkoedihardjo, Sarwoko, and Dwi Rinnarsuri Noraduola. "Productive Façade Placement Determines Building Thermal Comfort and Food Security." Israa University Journal for Applied Science 7, no. 1 (October 1, 2023): 236–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.52865/ijjl6363.

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Background: The high density of buildings in urban areas faces higher temperature pressures with the reduced greenspace area that can absorb greenhouse gases and be a shade. Efforts to minimize temperature pressure are approached using productive green facades using food plants. This study aims to gain thermal comfort by placing productive facades and as an occupants' food security effort. Methods: Several artificial buildings equipped with productive facades were provided in field trials. Productive facades are pumpkin (Cucubita pepo) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L). The research method analyzes the diurnal behavior of temperature and humidity on both productive facade surfaces. Thermal comfort performance was assessed for east and west-facing sunlight. Results: The microclimatic conditions in the field experiment fluctuated; however, the variation supported the growth of the two crops. The pumpkin facade facing east and west produces a cooling effect of as much as 2.30oC, while the sweet potato facade can cause warming and cooling effects of as much as 0.40oC. Morphologically, the pumpkin facade gives a cooling effect more than the sweet potato facade. The two characteristics of pumpkin facades reveal that they can be superior in implementation on both sides of the building and their use in providing additional food for occupants. Conclusions: The placement of the façade facing east and west for certain types of food crops determines the cooling effect of the building.
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Fan, Xinyi, Duoping Zhu, Xiaofang Sun, Junbang Wang, Meng Wang, Shaoqiang Wang, and Alan E. Watson. "Impacts of Extreme Temperature and Precipitation on Crops during the Growing Season in South Asia." Remote Sensing 14, no. 23 (December 1, 2022): 6093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14236093.

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South Asia, one of the most important food producing regions in the world, is facing a significant threat to food grain production under the influence of extreme high temperatures. Furthermore, the probability of simultaneous trends in extreme precipitation patterns and extreme heat conditions, which can have compounding effects on crops, is a likelihood in South Asia. In this study, we found complex relationships between extreme heat and precipitation patterns, as well as compound effects on major crops (rice and wheat) in South Asia. We also employed event coincidence analysis (ECA) to quantify the likelihood of simultaneous temperature and crop extremes. We used the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) as the primary data to evaluate the distinct responses of major crops to weather extremes. Our results suggest that while the probability of simultaneous extreme events is small, most regions of South Asia (more than half) have experienced extreme events. The regulatory effect of precipitation on heat stress is very unevenly distributed in South Asia. The harm caused by a wet year at high temperature is far greater than that during a dry year, although the probability of a dry year is greater than that of a wet year. For the growing seasons, the highest significant event coincidence rates at a low EVI were found for both high- and low-temperature extremes. The regions that responded positively to EVI at extreme temperatures were mainly concentrated in irrigated farmland, and the regions that responded negatively to EVI at extreme temperatures were mostly in the mountains and other high-altitude regions. Implications can guide crop adaptation interventions in response to these climate influences.
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MARSHALL, KRISTIN M., LOUIS NOWACZYK, TRAVIS R. MORRISSEY, VIVIANA LOEZA, LINDSAY A. HALIK, GUY E. SKINNER, N. RUKMA REDDY, GREGORY J. FLEISCHMAN, and JOHN W. LARKIN. "Effect of Sporulation Temperature on the Resistance of Clostridium botulinum Type A Spores to Thermal and High Pressure Processing." Journal of Food Protection 78, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-186.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sporulation temperature on the resistance of Clostridium botulinum type A spores of strains 62A and GiorgioA to thermal and high pressure processing (HPP). Spore crops produced in Trypticase–peptone–glucose–yeast extract broth at four incubation temperatures (20, 27, 37, and 41°C) were harvested, and heat resistance studies were conducted at 105°C (strain 62A) and 100°C (strain GiorgioA). Resistance to HPP was evaluated by subjecting the spores to a high pressure (700 MPa) and temperature combination (105°C, strain 62A; 100°C strain GiorgioA) in a laboratory-scale pressure test system. The decimal reduction time (D-value) was calculated using the log-linear model. Although the time to sporulation for GiorgioA was shorter and resulted in higher spore concentrations than for 62A at 20, 27, and 37°C, GiorgioA did not produce a sufficient spore crop at 41°C to be evaluated. The heat resistance of 62A spores was greatest when produced at 27°C and decreased for spore crops produced above or below 27°C (D105°C-values: 20°C, 1.9 min; 27°C, 4.03 min; 37°C, 3.66 min; and 41°C, 3.5 min; P < 0.05). Unlike 62A, the heat resistance behavior of GiorgioA spores increased with rising sporulation temperature, and spores formed at the organism's optimum growth temperature of 37°C were the most resistant (D100°C-values: 20°C, 3.4 min; 27°C, 5.08 min; and 37°C, 5.65 min; P < 0.05). Overall, all spore crops were less resistant to pressure-assisted thermal processing than thermal treatment alone. Sporulation temperature has an effect on the resistance of C. botulinum spores to heat and HPP, and is characteristic to a particular strain. Knowledge of the effect of sporulation temperature on the resistance of C. botulinum spores is vital for the production of spores utilized in thermal and high pressure inactivation studies.
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Gurieva, K. B., V. V. Looze, N. A. Khaba, and S. L. Beletskiy. "Evaluation of the influence of negative temperature during storage on the quality of food grain." Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products), no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/igt-01-2203-07.

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The influence of negative temperatures during storage on the quality and baking properties of food grain was assessed. The effect of constant negative temperature on lipid fractions and baking properties of wheat and the quality of bread was studied. Experimental data on the storage of grain crops in unregulated temperature and humidity conditions of permafrost on the Taimyr Peninsula were analyzed, and the safety and preservation of the technological and baking characteristics of the quality of wheat and rye for a long period (up to 36 years) was confirmed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Effect of temperature on food crops"

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Phillips, Lisa Elaine. "The effect of low temperature on Salmonella." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286534.

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Walden, Ronald Francis. "Influences of supraoptimal root-zone temperature on the medium solution and growth of woody nursery crops." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39733.

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James, Neil Anthony. "Evaluating the effect of temperature on the planktonic food-web." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511064.

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Patana-anake, Pakanat. "The Effect of Temperature, pH, and Food additives on Tomato Product Volatile Levels." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397135614.

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Tyrer, Helen Linsey. "The effect of storage temperature on the measured predicted shelf life of chilled prepared foods." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266441.

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Bozkurt, Murat. "Effect Of Different Wheat Varieties On Pasta Quality." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614874/index.pdf.

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There are about 40 durum wheat varieties registered in Turkey. Around 10 varieties are being commonly cultivated. Amanos 97, Ç
esit 1252, Ege 88, Firat 93, Fuatbey 2000, Burgos, Kiziltan 91, Sariç
anak 98, Svevo and Zenith durum wheat varieties were used in this study. Semolina and pasta have been produced in an industrial plant under constant process conditions from these varieties. In general, pasta quality is determined by three main factors, the raw materials, the production recipe and the production process. In this study, the production recipe and the production process were fixed and only durum wheat varieties were variable. So, the effects coming from the production recipe and the production process on pasta quality were eliminated. Physical, chemical and sensory properties of these pasta were determined and the effect of different durum wheat varieties on pasta quality has been investigated to give a clear idea to the Turkish pasta industry about the most commonly grown durum wheat varieties in Turkey, hoping that Turkish pasta in domestic and international Markets will continue to grow with the help of clear understanding about the quality characteristics of the durum wheat they are using. v The important criteria of acceptability of pasta products is its cooking quality and cooking quality of pasta products is of importance to consumers and also to wheat producers, breeders and manufacturers. The pasta samples produced from Svevo, Zenith and Firat 93 varieties got the higher scores than others in pasta cooking quality while those produced from Sariç
anak 98, Ç
esit 1252, Kiziltan 91, and Fuatbey 2000 durum wheat were evaluated as relatively low. The main reasons of cooking quality differences can be interpreted as a result of the difference in protein quantity and quality of the varieties. The bright yellow color of pasta products, rather than cooking behavior taste, is reported to be one of the most important considerations in assessing durum wheat quality. In this study, the pasta samples produced from Svevo, Zenith and Burgos varieties got the higher scores than others in pasta color (yellowness) while that produced from Firat 93 had the lowest yellow color. The main reasons of yellow color differences can be interpreted as a result of the differences in carotenoid pigments, lipoxygenase and peroxidase enzymes contents of the varieties.
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Kong, Emily S. "EFFECT OF pH AND TEMPERATURE ON THE BINDING INTERACTIONS OF CAFFEINE AND CHLOROGENIC ACID WITH SODIUM CASEINATE." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/947.

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Coffee is a popular and well-loved beverage consumed worldwide by millions of people every day. While most patrons of coffee do so because of its unique and satisfying taste, consumers may be unaware of the potential beneficial health effects it also imparts. The antioxidants found in green coffee beans collectively known as chlorogenic acids (CGA) and caffeine are two of the most abundant bioactive compounds present in coffee. Both these bioactive compounds have been implicated in many studies to impart a wide range of health benefits, from reducing the risk of Type 2 diabetes, to their use as aides in weight management. Indeed, epidemiological studies on people who consume moderate amounts of coffee on a regular basis have unanimously shown benefits to overall health. While caffeine and CGA are naturally occurring compounds in coffee, their potential in conferring beneficial health effects warrant research into other potential food matrixes that can be used to bind and deliver these bioactive compounds into foods that do not naturally contain them. Milk proteins, specifically caseins, have been shown to be excellent vehicles to both bind and deliver sensitive bioactive compounds of various chemical and physical properties. Caseins have been shown in numerous studies to successfully bind to molecules such as vitamin D2, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (DHA), and iron to name a few. Because caseins exhibit high versatility in binding a variety of molecules, caseins were the milk protein of choice for the experiments in this thesis. Polyphenols have been the subject of many studies on its binding capacity with milk proteins, but research on the binding capacity of caffeine with caseins is limited. Therefore, the objectives of this thesis are threefold: 1) develop, optimize and validate an HPLC method for the accurate and simultaneous determination of caffeine and CGA, 2) establish a procedure by which caffeine and CGA bind to sodium caseinate, and 3) determine the optimal treatment conditions of pH and temperature to increase binding interactions and speculate on the mechanism of binding for each bioactive compound. A reversed phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) method was developed and subjected to validation studies with good results in linearity (caffeine R2 = 0.9992, CGA R2 = 0.9995) and precision (RSD of caffeine <1%, RSD of CGA <2%). The developed method also demonstrated selectivity for caffeine and CGA. This method was then used to analyze sodium caseinate samples containing caffeine and 5-CGA. The results from these studies have shown that binding interactions between caffeine and sodium caseinate are temperature dependent (p < 0.01) whereas binding interactions between CGA and sodium caseinate are influenced by both pH and temperature (p < 0.01). Elucidating the binding mechanisms of caffeine and CGA to sodium caseinate and providing a sensitive analytical technique by which these compounds can be accurately quantified may facilitate future research involving the use of caffeine and CGA in many other facets, as well as promoting its increased use in the dairy industry.
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Han, Yafei. "Effect of fruit types and temperature on formation of volatiles in the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1430955718.

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Kabbara, Salam. "EFFECT OF COOKING TIME AND TEMPERATURE ON HARDNESS AND ANTI-NUTRITIONAL FACTORS OF TEPARY BEAN." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275284.

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Sandhi, Arifin. "ARSENIC REMOVAL BY PHYTOFILTRATION AND SILICON TREATMENT : A POTENTIAL SOLUTION FOR LOWERING ARSENIC CONCENTRATIONS IN FOOD CROPS." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-203995.

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Use of arsenic-rich groundwater for crop irrigation can increase the arsenic (As) content in food crops and act as a carcinogen, compromising human health. Using aquatic plant based phytofiltration is a potential eco-technique for removing arsenic from water. The aquatic moss species Warnstorfia fluitans grows naturally in mining areas in northern Sweden, where high concentrations of arsenic occur in lakes and rivers. This species was selected as a model for field, climate chamber and greenhouse studies on factors governing arsenic removal and arsenic phytofiltration of irrigation water. The arsenic and silicon (Si) concentrations in soil, water and plant samples were measured by AAS (atomic absorption spectrophotometry), while arsenite and arsenate species were determined using AAS combined with high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an anion exchange column. The arsenic content in grains of hybrid and local aromatic rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars with differing arsenic accumulation factor (AF) values was investigated in an arsenic hotspot in Bangladesh. The results showed that arsenic AF was important in identifying arsenic-safer rice cultivars for growing in an arsenic hotspot. The study based on silicon effect on arsenic uptake in lettuce showed that arsenic accumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) could be reduced by silicon addition. The aquatic moss had good phytofiltration capacity, with fast arsenic removal of up to 82% from a medium with low arsenic concentration (1 µM). Extraction analysis showed that inorganic arsenic species were firmly bound inside moss tissue. Absorption of arsenic was relatively higher than adsorption in the moss. Regarding effects of different abiotic factors, plants were stressed at low pH (pH 2.5) and arsenic removal rate was lower from the medium, while arsenic efflux occurred in arsenate-treated medium at low (12°C) and high (30°C) temperature regimes. Besides these factors, low oxygenation increased the efficiency of arsenic removal from the medium. Finally, combining W. fluitans as a phytofilter with a lettuce crop on a constructed wetland significantly reduced the arsenic content in edible parts (leaves) of lettuce. Thus W. fluitans has great potential for use as an arsenic phytofilter in temperate regions.

QC 20170323

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Books on the topic "Effect of temperature on food crops"

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G, Kuo C., Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center., Xing zheng yuan nong ye wei yuan hui (China), and Zhong yang yan jiu yuan. Zhi wu yan jiu suo., eds. Adaptation of food crops to temperature and water stress: Proceedings of an international symposium, Taiwan, 13-18 August 1992. Taipei: Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, 1993.

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1933-, Li P. H., ed. Low temperature stress physiology in crops. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1989.

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Food, climate, and carbon dioxide: The global environment and world food production. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers, 1995.

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Planchuelo-Ravelo, Ana Maria. Drought/crop condition assessment methods for northeast Brazil, Mexico, Paraguay, and Uruguay. [Columbia? Mo: s.n., 1985.

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B, Singh K., Saxena Mohan C, and International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas., eds. Breeding for stress tolerance in cool-season food legumes. Chichester: Wiley, 1993.

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Chang-Seng, Denis. Seasonal response of lettuce to weather stresses and implications of climate change on crops in the Seychelles. Seychelles: SNC, 2010.

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Malaki, Ioane. Combating the effects of cyclones on food security in Samoa. Samoa: UN Theme Group on rural Development & Food Security of the United Nations States system in Samoa, 2001.

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Sentā, Kokumin Seikatsu. Yūki nōsanbutsu ryūtsū no tayōka ni kansuru kenkyū: Depāto sūpā ni okeru toriatsukai no jittai to mondaiten. Tōkyō: Kokumin Seikatsu Sentā, 1989.

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Osmundson, Douglas B. Longitudinal variation in fish community structure and water temperature in the Upper Colorado River: Implications for Colorado Pikeminnow habitat suitability ; final report. Grand Junction, CO (764 Horizon Drive, South Annex A, Grand Junction, Colorado 81506-3945): U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1999.

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Mikhaĭlovich, Sushcheni͡a︡ Leonid, and Institut zoologii (Akadėmii͡a︡ navuk Belaruskaĭ SSR), eds. Produkt͡s︡ii͡a︡ planktonnykh rakoobraznykh i faktory sredy. Minsk: "Navuka i tėkhnika", 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Effect of temperature on food crops"

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Saxena, M. C., N. P. Saxena, and A. K. Mohamed. "High temperature stress." In World crops: Cool season food legumes, 845–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2764-3_67.

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Aderinoye-Abdulwahab, S. A., and T. A. Abdulbaki. "Climate Change Adaptation Strategies Among Cereal Farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 509–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_228.

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AbstractAgriculture is the art and science of food production which spans soil cultivation, crop growing, and livestock rearing. Over the years, it has served as a means of employment and accounts for more than one-third of total gross domestic product. Cereals, which include rice, maize, and sorghum, are the major dietary energy suppliers and they provide significant amounts of protein, minerals (potassium and calcium), and vitamins (vitamin A and C). The growth and good yield of cereal crop can be greatly influenced by elements of weather and climate such as temperature, sunlight, and relative humidity. While climate determines the choice of what plant to cultivate and how to cultivate, it has been undoubtedly identified as one of the fundamental factors that determine both crop cultivation and livestock keeping. The chapter, though theoretical, adopted Kwara State, Nigeria, as the focus due to favorable weather conditions that support grains production. It was observed that the effect of climate change on cereal production includes: drastic reduction in grains production, reduction in farmers’ profit level, increment in cost during production, diversification to nonfarming activities, and discouragement of youth from participating in agricultural activities. Also, the adopted coping strategies employed by farmers in the focus site were early planting, planting of improved variety, irrigation activities, alternates crop rotation, and cultivation of more agricultural areas. The chapter thus concluded that climate change has negative impact on cereals production and recommends that government should provide communal irrigation facilities that will cushion the effect of low rains on farmers’ productivity, while early planting and cultivation of drought-resistant cultivars should be encouraged.
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Tripathi, Ashutosh, Devendra Kumar Chauhan, Gopal S. Singh, and Niraj Kumar. "Effect of elevated CO2and temperature stress on cereal crops." In Plant-Environment Interaction, 184–204. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119081005.ch10.

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Hofsetz, K., C. Costa Lopes, M. Dupas Hubinger, L. Mayor, and A. M. Sereno. "Effect of High Temperature on Shrinkage and Porosity of Crispy Dried Bananas." In Food Engineering: Integrated Approaches, 367–73. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75430-7_26.

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Eleblu, John Saviour Yaw, Eugene Tenkorang Darko, and Eric Yirenkyi Danquah. "Case for Climate Smart Agriculture in Addressing the Threat of Climate Change." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 131–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_32.

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AbstractClimate smart agriculture (CSA) embodies a blend of innovations, practices, systems, and investment programmes that are used to mitigate against the adverse effects of climate change and variability on agriculture for sustained food production. Food crop production under various climate change scenarios requires the use of improved technologies that are called climate smart agriculture to ensure increased productivity under adverse conditions of increased global temperatures, frequent and more intense storms, floods and drought stresses. This chapter summarizes available information on climate change and climate smart agriculture technologies. It is important to evaluate each climate change scenario and provide technologies that farmers, research scientists, and policy drivers can use to create the desired climate smart agriculture given the array of tools and resources available.
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Hayashi, N., I. Hayakawa, and Y. Fujio. "Effect of Moisture Content on Flow Characteristics of SPI Melt at an Elevated Temperature." In Developments in Food Engineering, 57–59. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2674-2_11.

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Rhee, C., and S. W. Lee. "The Effect of Water Activity and Temperature on the Retrogradation Rate of Gelatinized Wheat Flour." In Developments in Food Engineering, 468–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2674-2_149.

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Madakadze, Rufaro M., and Judith Kwaramba. "Effect of Preharvest Factors on the Quality of Vegetables Produced in the Tropics." In Production Practices and Quality Assessment of Food Crops Volume 1, 1–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2533-5_1.

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Hendrickx, M., G. Maesmans, S. De Cordt, and P. Tobback. "Evaluation of the Integrated-Time-Temperature Effect of Thermal Processes on Foods: State of the Art." In Developments in Food Engineering, 692–94. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2674-2_224.

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Barros, Carla, Eveline Santos, Ana Assis, Carline Ribeiro, Ligia Gomes, Vitor Matos, Victor Arruda, et al. "Effect of Temperature on the Gasification of Olive Prune Pellets." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Water Energy Food and Sustainability (ICoWEFS 2021), 325–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75315-3_37.

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Conference papers on the topic "Effect of temperature on food crops"

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Zalesova, V. I., and E. S. Len. "PROBLEMS OF FOOD SECURITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS AND THE WAYS OF THEIR SOLUTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF AGRO CLIMATIC ZONES." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-148-151.

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Climate has always had a significant impact on human activity. Such weather-dependent sectors of the economy as agriculture, water and forestry are especially affected by the climate. An increase in air temperature has a positive effect on the growth of agricultural crops and may lead to the emergence of new crops for the republic. At the same time, an increase in the average annual temperature also has disadvantages, such as a decrease in the yield of some crops, the appearance of new pests and diseases in plants. Food security as a component of national security acts as a kind of indicator of the level of development of society. Its achievement is one of the main goals of the agro-industrial policy of the state.
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Malik, M. A., I. Salam, and W. Muhammad. "Effect of Orientation on Mechanical Behavior of an Extruded Al Alloy." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48548.

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The extruded materials are extensively used in chemical, food and nuclear industry and generally offer a unique combination of strength and freedom with regard to design solutions. During extrusion, material flow occurs in the direction of applied force and as a result microstructure change. The process ultimately induces variation in the mechanical properties when tested along or across the extrusion direction. The uniaxial tensile test is a simple and versatile test to expose most of the mechanical properties of the materials required to ensure the reliability of the systems. In present study, the mechanical behavior of an Al-Mg-Si alloy extruded cylinder has been determined with the help of uniaxial tensile test in longitudinal and transverse orientations. The microstructural features revealed significant difference in two orientations and constituent particles were found aligned in the direction of extrusion. Tensile tests were conducted in displacement mode at different cross head speeds corresponding to strain rates ranging from 10−5 to 10−1 s−1. The tests were conducted at ambient temperature in air atmosphere. The data thus obtained include: yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, percent elongation and reduction of area. Comparing the trends of strength variation, the material shows higher yield strength in longitudinal orientation as compared to transverse orientation. A slight increase in the yield strength with increasing strain rate was found in both the orientations. The ultimate tensile strength in both the directions was found similar and there was no appreciable change with increasing strain rate. The elongation and reduction in area were found higher in the longitudinal orientation. The effect of strain rate on these properties was negligible up to maximum speed tested. In longitudinal orientation typical dimpled fracture was observed indicating deformation before failure. In transverse orientation shallow dimples were present. The present study revealed that the distribution of constituent particles in an extruded thick-walled cylinder has a pronounced effect on its mechanical behavior and fracture morphology.
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Semicenkova, Ilva, Sandra Muizniece-Brasava, Asnate Kirse-Ozolina, and Martins Sabovics. "Effect of temperature changes during transportation on muesli quality." In 13th Baltic Conference on Food Science and Technology “FOOD. NUTRITION. WELL-BEING”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Food Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/foodbalt.2019.027.

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Rahayu, Yekti Sri, Tatik Wardiyati, Dawam Maghfoer, and Eko Handayanto. "The Effect of Pb Sourced Application on the Growth and Yield of Vegetable Crops." In 5th International Conference on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources (FANRes 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.200325.016.

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Ge, Zhengwei, and Chun Yang. "Joule Heating Induced Temperature Gradient Focusing for Microfluidic Concentration of Samples." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23134.

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Microfluidic concentration of sample species is achieved using the temperature gradient focusing (TGF) in a microchannel with a step change in the cross-section under a pure direct current (DC) field or a combined alternating current (AC) and DC electric field. Experiments were carried out to study the effects of applied voltage, buffer concentration and channel size on sample concentration in the TGF processes. These effects were analyzed and summarized using a dimensionless Joule number that is introduced in this study. In addition, Joule number effect in the Poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/PDMS microdevice was compared with the PDMS/Glass microdevice. A more than 450-fold concentration enhancement was obtained within 75 seconds in the PDMS/PDMS microdevice. Results also showed that the high frequency AC electric field which contributes to produce the temperature gradient and reduces the required DC voltage for the sample concentration. The lower DC voltage has generated slower electroosmotic flow (EOF), which reduces the backpressure effect associated with the finite reservoir size. Finally, a more than 2500-fold concentration enhancement was obtained within 14 minutes in the PDMS/PDMS microdevice, which was a great achievement in this TGF technique using inherent Joule heating effects.
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Ryzhkova, A. A. "THE EFFECT OF GRAIN CONTENT IN DURUM WHEAT ON THE QUALITY OF PASTA." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. ООО «ДГТУ-Принт» Адрес полиграфического предприятия: 344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина,1., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2024.356-359.

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Grain culture in Russia occupies a leading position. Russia is the largest supplier of grain in the world. The main types of grain crops provide raw materials for the production of food for humans, the manufacture of feed in animal husbandry. In this article, we will take a closer look at the grain crop in the production of food, namely pasta.
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Misal, Nitin D., Hemant Rajgopal Khandekar, Abhishek Ashok Jumale, Akash Dattatray Patekari, and Avinash Mahadev Kamble. "Development and Experimental Analysis of a Solar Cum Electrical Food Dryer." In National Conference on Relevance of Engineering and Science for Environment and Society. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.118.24.

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The most preferred method for preserving food or related products for a long time period is drying. In various countries of the world, the utilization of solar thermal systems in the field of agricultural for conserving fruits, vegetables, coffee and other related crops has revealed to be economical, practical, and environmental friendly. Solar heating systems to dry food and other crops can improve the quality of the product, while reducing wasted produce. This paper deals with development of solar cum eclectically operated food dryer. The fabrication of hybrid dryer is carried out which will be used for the drying process. The amounts of solar radiations are collected through transparent sheet or glass and they are entered in to dryer. Then, amount of heat will get generated in dryer and it will be circulated through fan in dryer itself which will be suitable for drying purpose. The experimentation is also carried out on two foods related to drying process at normal temperature and using this dryer obtained temperature. After experimentation it has been observed that there is difference in temperature at outside the dryer and inside the dryer. The temperature generated inside the dryer is sufficient for drying purpose. So, the developed food dryer can be used for drying the foods as per requirement.
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Reid, D., and L. Perez-Albela Saettone. "The effect of average storage temperature, and temperature fluctuation on the rate of moisture migration in a model frozen food." In 13th World Congress of Food Science & Technology. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/iufost:20060151.

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Richards, Jeffrey T., Sharon L. Edney, Neil C. Yorio, Gary W. Stutte, Matthew D. Sisko, Nate Cranston, and Raymond M. Wheeler. "Effect of Light Intensity and Temperature on Yield of Salad Crops for Space Exploration." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-2820.

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Kim, Hyunsook, and Daewon Pak. "Effect of Temperature on Torrefaction of Food Waste using Heat Carrier." In 2015 International Conference on Environmental Science and Sustainable Development (ICESSD 2015). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814723039_0036.

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Reports on the topic "Effect of temperature on food crops"

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Stone, E., and W. Robinson. Effect of Potassium on Uptake of 137Cs in Food Crops Grown on Coral Soils: Annual Crops at Bikini Atoll. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15002342.

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Chen, Junping, Zach Adam, and Arie Admon. The Role of FtsH11 Protease in Chloroplast Biogenesis and Maintenance at Elevated Temperatures in Model and Crop Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699845.bard.

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specific objectives of this proposal were to: 1) determine the location, topology, and oligomerization of FtsH11 protease; 2) identify the substrate/s of FtsH11 and the downstream components involved in maintaining thermostability of chloroplasts; 3) identify new elements involved in FtsH11 protease regulatory network related to HT adaptation processes in chloroplast; 4) Study the role of FtsH11 homologs from crop species in HT tolerance. Background to the topic: HT-tolerant varieties that maintain high photosynthetic efficiency at HT, and cope better with daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations are in great need to alleviate the effect of global warming on food production. Photosynthesis is a very complex process requiring accurate coordination of many complex systems and constant adjustments to the changing environments. Proteolytic activities mediated by various proteases in chloroplast are essential part of this process and critical for maintaining normal chloroplast functions under HT. However, little is known about mechanisms that contribute to adaptation of photosynthetic processes to HT. Our study has shown that a chloroplast-targeted Arabidopsis FtsH11 protease plays an essential and specific role in maintaining thermostability of thylakoids and normal photosynthesis at moderate HT. We hypothesized that FtsH11 homologs recently identified in other plant species might have roles similarly to that of AtFtsH1. Thus, dissecting the underlying mechanisms of FtsH11 in the adaptation mechanisms in chloroplasts to HT stress and other elements involved will aid our effort to produce more agricultural products in less favorable environments. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements - Identified the chloroplast inner envelope membrane localization of FtsH11. - Revealed a specific association of FtsH11 with the a and b subunits of CPN60. - Identified the involvement of ARC6, a protein coordinates chloroplast division machineries in plants, in FtsH11 mediated HT adaptation process in chloroplast. -Reveal possible association of a polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase (cpPNPase), coded by At3G03710, with FtsH11 mediated HT adaptation process in chloroplast. - Mapped 4 additional loci in FtsH11 mediated HT adaptation network in chloroplast. - Demonstrated importance of the proteolytic activity of FtsH11 for thermotolerance, in addition to the ATPase activity. - Demonstrated a conserved role of plant FtsH11 proteases in chloroplast biogenesis and in maintaining structural and functional thermostability of chloroplast at elevated temperatures. Implications, both scientific and agricultural:Three different components interacting with FtsH11 were identified during the course of this study. At present, it is not known whether these proteins are directly involved in FtsH11mediated thermotolerance network in chloroplast and/or how these elements are interrelated. Studies aiming to connect the dot among biological functions of these networks are underway in both labs. Nevertheless, in bacteria where it was first studied, FtsH functions in heat shock response by regulating transcription level of σ32, a heat chock factor regulates HSPsexpression. FtsH also involves in control of biosynthesis of membrane components and quality control of membrane proteins etc. In plants, both Arc 6 and CPN60 identified in this study are essential in chloroplast division and developments as mutation of either one impairs chloroplast division in Arabidopsis. The facts that we have found the specific association of both α and β CPN60 with FtsH11 protein biochemically, the suppression/ enhancement of ftsh11 thermosensitive phenotype by arc6 /pnp allele genetically, implicate inter-connection of these networks via FtsH11 mediated network(s) in regulating the dynamic adaptation processes of chloroplast to temperature increases at transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. The conserved role of FtsH11 proteases in maintaining thermostability of chloroplast at HT demonstrated here provides a foundation for improving crop photosynthetic performance at high temperatures.
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Seginer, Ido, Daniel H. Willits, Michael Raviv, and Mary M. Peet. Transpirational Cooling of Greenhouse Crops. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573072.bard.

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Background Transplanting vegetable seedlings to final spacing in the greenhouse is common practice. At the time of transplanting, the transpiring leaf area is a small fraction of the ground area and its cooling effect is rather limited. A preliminary modeling study suggested that if water supply from root to canopy is not limiting, a sparse crop could maintain about the same canopy temperature as a mature crop, at the expense of a considerably higher transpiration flux per leaf (and root) area. The objectives of this project were (1) to test the predictions of the model, (2) to select suitable cooling methods, and (3) to compare the drought resistance of differently prepared seedlings. Procedure Plants were grown in several configurations in high heat load environments, which were moderated by various environmental control methods. The difference between the three experimental locations was mainly in terms of scale, age of plants, and environmental control. Young potted plants were tested for a few days in small growth chambers at Technion and Newe Ya'ar. At NCSU, tomato plants of different ages and planting densities were compared over a whole growing season under conditions similar to commercial greenhouses. Results Effect of spacing: Densely spaced plants transpired less per plant and more per unit ground area than sparsely spaced plants. The canopy temperature of the densely spaced plants was lower. Air temperature was lower and humidity higher in the compartments with the densely spaced plants. The difference between species is mainly in the canopy-to-air Bowen ratio, which is positive for pepper and negative for tomato. Effect of cooling methods: Ventilation and evaporative pad cooling were found to be effective and synergitic. Air mixing turned out to be very ineffective, indicating that the canopy-to-air transfer coefficient is not the limiting factor in the ventilation process. Shading and misting, both affecting the leaf temperature directly, proved to be very effective canopy cooling methods. However, in view of their side effects, they should only be considered as emergency measures. On-line measures of stress: Chlorophyll fluorescence was shown to accurately predict photosynthesis. This is potentially useful as a rapid, non-contact way of assessing canopy heat stress. Normalized canopy temperature and transpiration rate were shown to correlate with water stress. Drought resistance of seedlings: Comparison between normal seedlings and partially defoliated ones, all subjected to prolonged drought, indicated that removing about half of the lowermost leaves prior to transplanting, may facilitate adjustment to the more stressful conditions in the greenhouse. Implications The results of this experimental study may lead to: (1) An improved model for a sparse canopy in a greenhouse. (2) A better ventilation design procedure utilizing improved estimates of the evaporation coefficient for different species and plant configurations. (3) A test for the stress resistance of transplants.
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Ibdah, Mwafaq, Dorothea Tholl, and Philipp W. Simon. How temperature stress changes carrot flavor: Elucidating the genetic determinants of undesired taste in carrots. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598171.bard.

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Global climate change and warming temperatures represent the greatest future challenge for global food production and quality. In this project, we will define the genetic factors of climate-associated taste deficiencies in carrot. Carrot is considered one of the leading horticultural crops in the world in terms of its nutritional value, health benefits, and unique flavor based on its high content of carotenoids and volatile aroma compounds. In recent years, carrot genotypes of different color with improved nutraceutical attributes have been developed. When exposed to high growth temperatures, carrots develop an undesired harsh and bitter taste caused by the accumulation of terpene metabolites. This taste deficiency represents a quality defect to carrot breeders and large- scale growers and needs to be minimized for successful marketing of carrot crops. Surprisingly, the genetic determinants of bitter and harsh flavor in carrot and their response to temperature stress are not well characterized. We started to elucidate these factors in different carrot cultivars by investigating the biosynthesis of volatile terpenes, which represent the predominant flavor compounds in carrots. Also, up to date we identified and characterized two terpenesynthase enzymes, one of which produces (E)-β- caryophyllene, a major terpene component in carrot root. Both TPSs may contribute to the observed variation in volatile terpene formation.
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Sathyanadh, Anusha, and Helene Muri. Open access dataset of ESM simulations of combined land- and ocean-based NETs. OceanNets, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d4.7.

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In this deliverable, we perform Earth system model (ESM) simulations to assess the role of land-based and ocean-based negative emission technologies (NETs) for achieving the temperature target set by the 2015 Paris Agreement. The dataset provided from this work package will be used for investigating carbon sequestration potential, side-effects and potential constraints of combining oceanic and terrestrial NETs with the help of an earth system model, NorESM2. Two long NorESM2 coupled simulations with SSP5-3.4-OS scenario are conducted to check the CDR potential of terrestrial CDR, and terrestrial and marine CDR together by combining land-based Bioenergy for Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) and Ocean Alkalinization Enhancement (OAE) scenarios together. For the terrestrial BECCS simulation, the default land use distribution in the original CMIP6 SSP5-3.4 land use dataset is modified to accommodate more bioenergy crop in the future while keeping the total crop area of 2015 for food throughout the century and combining it with a bio-CCS system. For the second simulation we combined the above terrestrial BECCS simulation with 2030-high OAE scenario from Deliverable 4.6. A higher amount of carbon captured by making use of the carbon sequestration potential of land and ocean together. (OceanNets Deliverable ; D4.7)
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Arellano Gonzalez, Jesus, Miriam Juárez-Torres, and Francisco Zazueta Borboa. Weather shocks, prices and productivity: Evidence from staples in Mexico. Banco de México, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36095/banxico/di.2023.16.

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In this paper, we investigate the effect of weather shocks on the price of two crops of great importance in Mexican agriculture: white corn and dry beans. We rely on panel data techniques applied to a 20-year long panel of prices at the market/city level. Our results show that positive temperature and negative precipitation shocks of at least 0.5 standard deviations relative to the climate normal have immediate and lagged positive effects on the price of these crops. The immediate effect is about 2.0%, while the lagged effect is between 1.0% and 2.5%, depending on the timing of the shock within the crop's growing period. We also show that one of the mechanisms explaining the effect of weather shocks on the price of these crops is their detrimental effect on productivity, especially for rainfed production.
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Lieth, J. Heiner, Michael Raviv, and David W. Burger. Effects of root zone temperature, oxygen concentration, and moisture content on actual vs. potential growth of greenhouse crops. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7586547.bard.

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Soilless crop production in protected cultivation requires optimization of many environmental and plant variables. Variables of the root zone (rhizosphere) have always been difficult to characterize but have been studied extensively. In soilless production the opportunity exists to optimize these variables in relation to crop production. The project objectives were to model the relationship between biomass production and the rhizosphere variables: temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration and water availability by characterizing potential growth and how this translates to actual growth. As part of this we sought to improve of our understanding of root growth and rhizosphere processes by generating data on the effect of rhizosphere water status, temperature and dissolved oxygen on root growth, modeling potential and actual growth and by developing and calibrating models for various physical and chemical properties in soilless production systems. In particular we sought to use calorimetry to identify potential growth of the plants in relation to these rhizosphere variables. While we did experimental work on various crops, our main model system for the mathematical modeling work was greenhouse cut-flower rose production in soil-less cultivation. In support of this, our objective was the development of a Rose crop model. Specific to this project we sought to create submodels for the rhizosphere processes, integrate these into the rose crop simulation model which we had begun developing prior to the start of this project. We also sought to verify and validate any such models and where feasible create tools that growers could be used for production management. We made significant progress with regard to the use of microcalorimetry. At both locations (Israel and US) we demonstrated that specific growth rate for root and flower stem biomass production were sensitive to dissolved oxygen. Our work also identified that it is possible to identify optimal potential growth scenarios and that for greenhouse-grown rose the optimal root zone temperature for potential growth is around 17 C (substantially lower than is common in commercial greenhouses) while flower production growth potential was indifferent to a range as wide as 17-26C in the root zone. We had several set-backs that highlighted to us the fact that work needs to be done to identify when microcalorimetric research relates to instantaneous plant responses to the environment and when it relates to plant acclimation. One outcome of this research has been our determination that irrigation technology in soilless production systems needs to explicitly include optimization of oxygen in the root zone. Simply structuring the root zone to be “well aerated” is not the most optimal approach, but rather a minimum level. Our future work will focus on implementing direct control over dissolved oxygen in the root zone of soilless production systems.
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Mdoe, Ntengua S. Y., Gilead Mlay, Gideon Boniface, Aida Isinika, and Christopher Magomba. Livestock, Crop Commercialisation and Poverty Reduction Among Rural Households in the Singida Region, Tanzania. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.024.

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Livestock is an important component of mixed crop-livestock farming systems in the Singida Region in Tanzania, directly or indirectly contributing to household income, food security and poverty reduction among rural people in the region. This paper examined the effect of livestock on crop commercialisation and farmers’ livelihoods in the region. The complementarity between crops and livestock in the farming systems of Singida needs to be recognised, enhanced and utilised not only by farmers and livestock keepers, but also by local government authorities and development practitioners.
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Rosero, Amparo, Iván Pastrana, Carlos Sierra, José Luis Pérez, Laura Espitia, Remberto Martínez, and Hernando Araujo. Influence of genotype and environment on quality attributes of sweet potato (Ipomea batatas Lam.). Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2018.7.

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Sweetpotato is the fifteenth most important food crop, and third between roots and tubers crops worldwide. Sweet potato crop has the capacity to adapt to different environmental conditions, and expression of quality traits is highly influenced by variety and growth conditions. We evaluate the effect of these factors on quality attributes such as dry matter content (DMC), ash content (AC), crude fiber (CF), total protein content (TPC) and brix grades (°Brix) in order to determine adequate conditions to ensure better quality in sweet potato roots.
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Gillor, Osnat, Stefan Wuertz, Karen Shapiro, Nirit Bernstein, Woutrina Miller, Patricia Conrad, and Moshe Herzberg. Science-Based Monitoring for Produce Safety: Comparing Indicators and Pathogens in Water, Soil, and Crops. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7613884.bard.

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Using treated wastewater (TWW) for crop irrigation represents an important opportunity for ensuring adequate food production in light of growing freshwater scarcity worldwide. However, the environmentally sustainable approach of using TWW for irrigation can lead to contamination of produce with fecal pathogens that may remain in treated water. The overall goal of this research was to evaluate the correlation between the presence of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and that of a suite of human pathogens in TWW, the irrigated soil, and crops. Field experiments were conducted to compare secondary and tertiary TWW with dechlorinated tap water for irrigation of tomatoes, a typical commercial crop, in Israel, a semi-arid country. Human pathogens including bacteria (Salmonella), protozoa (Cryptosporidiumand Giardia), and viruses (Adenovirus [AV Types A, B, C & 40/41] and Enterovirus [EV71 subtypes]) were monitored in two field trials using a combination of microscopic, cultivation-based, and molecular (qPCR) techniques. Results from the field trials indicate that microbial contamination on the surface of tomatoes did not appear to be associated with the source of irrigated waters; FIB contamination was not statistically different on tomatoes irrigated with TWW as compared to tomatoes irrigated with potable water. In fact, Indicator bacteria testing did not predict the presence of pathogens in any of the matrices tested. High concentrations of FIB were detected in water and on tomato surfaces from all irrigation treatment schemes, while pathogen contamination on tomato surfaces (Cryptosporidiumand Salmonella) was only detected on crops irrigated with TWW. These results suggest that regular monitoring for pathogens should take place to accurately detect presence of harmful microorganisms that could threaten consumer safety. A notable result from our study is that the large numbers of FIB in the water did not appear to lead to FIB accumulation in the soil. With the exception of two samples, E. coli that was present at 10³ to 10⁴ cells/100 mL in the water, was not detected in the soil. Other bacterial targets associated with the enteric environment (e. g., Proteusspp.) as well as protozoal pathogens were detected in the TWW, but not in the soil. These findings suggest that significant microbial transfer to the soil from TWW did not occur in this study. The pattern of FIB contamination on the surfaces of tomatoes was the same for all treatment types, and showed a temporal effect with more contamination detected as the duration of the field trial increased. An important observation revealed that water quality dramatically deteriorated between the time of its release from the wastewater treatment plant and the time it was utilized for irrigation, highlighting the importance of performing water quality testing throughout the growing season at the cultivation site.
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