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Academic literature on the topic 'EFFECT OF STIFFNESS'

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Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "EFFECT OF STIFFNESS"

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Yang, Fulun, Bi Zhang, Jiexin Wang, Zhenqi Zhu, and Richard Monahan. "The Effect of Grinding Machine Stiffness on Surface Integrity of Silicon Nitride." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 123, no. 4 (August 1, 2000): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1371928.

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A theoretical model based on mechanics and machine dynamics is presented to describe the effect of machine stiffness on surface integrity of ground silicon nitride. The model accounts for both the static and dynamic structural loop stiffnesses of a precision-grinding machine. Experimental results are also presented to verify the model. A unique workholder with an adjustable compliance is used to achieve a structural loop stiffness in the range of 5–40 N/μm. Silicon nitride is ground with cup-type diamond wheels of vitrified and cast iron fiber bonds. To effectively stabilize the cutting performance of a cast iron fiber bond wheel, the ELID technique is adopted for in-process dressing. The damage depth of ground workpieces is assessed against machine stiffness. The modeling and experimental results demonstrate that there exists a critical machine stiffness in grinding of ceramics. When machine stiffness is higher than the critical stiffness, no chatter should occur in the grinding process. In this case, damage depth increases with the increase of set depth of cut. In contrast, if machine stiffness is lower than the critical stiffness, chatter can occur in the grinding process that may induce grinding damage. The model can also be used to predict the critical machine stiffness for other types of structural ceramics.
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Sayers, Colin M., and Lennert D. den Boer. "Effect of variations in microstructure on clay elastic anisotropy." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): MR73—MR82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0374.1.

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Rock physics provides a crucial link between seismic and reservoir properties, but it requires knowledge of the elastic properties of rock components. Whereas the elastic properties of most rock components are known, the anisotropic elastic properties of clay are not. Scanning electron microscopy studies of clay in shales indicate that individual clay platelets vary in orientation but are aligned locally. We present a simple model of the elastic properties of a region (domain) of locally aligned clay platelets that accounts for the volume fraction, aspect ratio, and elastic-stiffness tensor of clay platelets, as well as the effective elastic properties of the interplatelet medium. Variations in clay anisotropy are quantified by examining the effects of varying model parameters upon the effective transverse-isotropic (TI) elastic-stiffness tensor of a domain. Statistics of these distributions and correlations between stiffnesses and anisotropy parameters enable the most probable sets of stiffnesses to be identified for rock physics calculations. The mean of these distributions is on the order of twice the mode for in-plane stiffnesses ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), but it is of the same order as the mode for out-of-plane stiffnesses ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). Despite random sampling, well-defined relations emerge, consistent with similar shale relations reported in the literature. Expressing these relations in terms of [Formula: see text] for a single domain of aligned clay platelets facilitates their general application. In the limit that the volume fraction approaches unity, the elastic stiffnesses thus derived reproduce those of the clay mineral assumed as platelets. Given the elastic-stiffness tensor of a single domain of aligned clay platelets, the effective TI elastic-stiffness tensor of clay is obtained by integrating over the clay-platelet orientation-distribution function.
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He, Jianian, Yicheng Li, Shuhong Lin, Xian Dong, and Shizhe Chen. "Effect of Column Flexural Stiffnesses on the Seismic Performance of Stiffened Steel Plate Shear Walls." Buildings 12, no. 11 (November 12, 2022): 1965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111965.

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Two types of lateral resistance structural systems, namely unstiffened steel plate shear walls (USPSWs) and stiffened steel plate shear walls (SSPSWs), are typically used in high-rise structures. Numerous experimental and numerical studies have been conducted on the structural performance of SSPSWs. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of column flexural stiffness on SSPSW systems. In this study, an analysis and numerical investigation of SSPSWs with variable column flexural stiffnesses was performed. The hysteretic performance, secant stiffness reduction and energy dissipation of SSPSWs with four column flexural stiffnesses were investigated. The column flexural stiffness reduction in the USPSWs and SSPSWs did not negatively influence the overall performance of drift ratios up to 2.5%. Moreover, the infill plates of the USPSWs and SSPSWs could achieve the ultimate strengths similar to the theoretical values despite the column not satisfying the minimum flexural stiffness requirements from CSA S16-09 and PEER/ATC72-1, which indicated that these requirements could be conservative.
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Hashimoto, Fukuo, and Hiroto Iwashita. "The Effect of Grinding Wheel Contact Stiffness on Plunge Grinding Cycle." Inventions 5, no. 4 (December 16, 2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions5040062.

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This paper presents the effect of grinding wheel contact stiffness on the plunge grinding cycle. First, it proposes a novel model of the generalized plunge grinding system. The model is applicable to all plunge grinding operations including cylindrical, centerless, shoe-centerless, internal, and shoe-internal grinding. The analysis of the model explicitly describes transient behaviors during the ramp infeed and the spark-out in the plunge grinding cycle. Clarification is provided regarding the premise that the system stiffness is composed of machine stiffness and wheel contact stiffness, and these stiffnesses significantly affect productivity and grinding accuracy. The elastic deflection of the grinding wheel is accurately measured and formulas for representing the deflection nature under various contact loads are derived. The deflection model allows us to find the non-linear contact stiffness with respect to the normal load. The contact stiffnesses of four kinds of grinding wheels with different grades and bond materials are presented. Both cylindrical grinding and centerless grinding tests are carried out, and it is experimentally revealed that the time constant at ramp infeed and spark-out is significantly prolonged by reducing the grinding force. It is verified that a simulation of the grinding tests using the proposed model can accurately predict critical parameters like forces and machine deflection during plunge grinding operations. Finally, this paper provides a guideline for grinding cycle design in order to achieve the required productivity and grinding accuracy.
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McNair, Peter J., and Stephen N. Stanley. "Soleus stiffness: Effect of stretching." Journal of Biomechanics 27, no. 6 (January 1994): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(94)90919-9.

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Wei, Wenming, Jun Zhang, Dun Lu, and Wanhua Zhao. "Effect of tilting angle on the dynamics of tilting table driven by worm and worm wheel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 229, no. 10 (September 3, 2014): 1782–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214549786.

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The dynamics of tilting table behaves differently during five-axis machining due to the constant changes of the position of its center of mass which leads to different forces acting on parts of the transmission system. In this research, the lumped parameter method is used to model the dynamics of tilting table driven by worm and worm wheel in the tilting direction, where the varying stiffness of the transmission system at different tilting angles is considered. The impact testing experiments of tilting table system with tilting angles from 0° to 90° are also performed to verify the analytical model. The results from sensitivity analysis show that the three stiffnesses have a great effect on the variation of system natural frequency in the tilting direction, including the equivalent tangential meshing stiffness of worm and worm wheel, the torsional stiffness of worm wheel shaft, and the axial stiffness of worm supporting bearings. Moreover, the variations of system natural frequency with the three stiffnesses at different tilting angles are further investigated.
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Dr. Suman pant, Dr Suman pant, and Noopur Sonee. "Effect Of Resin Finishing On Stiffness And Drape Of Khadi Fabric." Indian Journal of Applied Research 1, no. 9 (October 1, 2011): 214–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/jun2012/76.

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Barker, D. B., I. Sharif, A. Dasgupta, and M. G. Pecht. "Effect of SMC Lead Dimensional Variabilities on Lead Compliance and Solder Joint Fatigue Life." Journal of Electronic Packaging 114, no. 2 (June 1, 1992): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906415.

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Lead compliance is a critical parameter in optimal design and interconnection reliability of surface mount leaded components. The cyclic force transmitted to the solder joint in surface mount leaded components is controlled in part by the lead compliance. In this paper a methodology is presented for the computation of lead stiffness and the prediction of fatigue life of the leaded surface mount components. Three-dimensional finite element analyses have been performed to obtain the 12 × 12 stiffness matrices for both the PQFP gullwing and PLCC J leads and solder joints. These stiffnesses are then used in predictive fatigue life equations to estimate the fatigue life. The stiffness matrices and diagonal lead stiffnesses form the basis for identifying more failure resistant packages. Variabilities in lead and package dimensions provided by different vendors, manufacturing to JEDEC standards, are identified and their adverse effects on solder joint fatigue life are studied with the help of finite element parametric analyses. Eighty different finite element analyses are performed to study the effect of change in lead length, height, width and thickness on the lead stiffness and solder joint fatigue life for both the PQFP and PLCC attachments. Finally recommendations are made in order to obtain a better control on component fatigue life.
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Lehnhoff, T. F., and W. E. Wistehuff. "Nonlinear Effects on the Stiffness of Bolted Joints." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 118, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842162.

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Axisymmetric finite element modeling of bolted joints was performed to show the effects of the magnitude and position of the external load, member thickness, and member material on the bolt and member stiffnesses. The member stiffness of the bolted joint was found to decrease 10 to 42 percent for the 20-mm to 8-mm bolts, respectively, as the magnitude of the external load was increased. Member stiffness appears to be independent of the radial location of the external load and increases as the member thickness decreases. Member stiffness decreased by a factor of 2.5 to 3 with a change in the member material from steel to aluminum. The cast iron members had a decrease in member stiffness of a factor of 1.7 to 1.9. The aluminum over cast iron combination had a member stiffness between the aluminum and cast iron alone. Bolt stiffnesses varied by less than two percent for changes in the magnitude of the external load for all bolt sizes and member materials, except for the 8-mm bolt where stiffness increased by approximately 11 percent. Changes in radial position of the external load had no effect on the bolt stiffness. A 3 to 13-percent decrease in the bolt stiffness was found when changing from steel to aluminum members. A 2 to 3-percent bolt stiffness decrease resulted when the member material was changed from steel to cast iron and similarly from steel to the aluminum over cast iron combination
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Li, Jianhua, Chunli Lei, Baoru Gong, Pan Cui, and Xibin Jia. "Modeling and Analysis of the Composite Stiffness for Angular Contact Ball Bearings." Shock and Vibration 2020 (November 5, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8832750.

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As a core component of the motorized spindle, the dynamic stiffness of the angular contact ball bearing directly affects the dynamic characteristics of machinery. A modified quasistatic model of the ball bearing is established considering the influences of thermal deformation, centrifugal deformation, and elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL). Then, the film stiffness model considering spin motion is constructed. On this basis, the composite stiffness model of the ball bearing is proposed, and the effects of different factors on dynamic characteristic parameters are investigated. The results show that different factors have different effects on the dynamic parameters. With the increase in preload, the contact stiffness and composite stiffness increase. Considering EHL, the radial contact stiffness and composite stiffness increase while the axial and angular contact stiffness and composite stiffness decrease. Considering the thermal effect and centrifugal effect, the radial contact stiffness and composite stiffness increase while the axial and angular contact stiffness and composite stiffness decrease. The film stiffness and composite stiffness increase with the consideration of the spinning motion.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "EFFECT OF STIFFNESS"

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Vedam, Hima. "Short-term hypoxia and arterial stiffness." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28093.

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The studies in this thesis assess the ventilatory and vascular effects of short-term awake isocapnic hypoxia in healthy subjects and those with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The particular focus of this thesis is the impact of the hypoxic stimulus on indices of arterial stiffness, in particular the augmentation index (AIx) and time to reflection (Tr). The role of nitric oxide in this response in healthy subjects is also examined.
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Elshafie, Mohammed Zein Elabidin Babiker. "Effect of building stiffness on excavation-induced displacements." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252093.

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Al-Hammoud, Abdullah. "Effect of joint design on vehicle bodyshell stiffness." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1985. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10336.

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The work presented in this thesis is an investigation into vehicle bodyshell structural joints, with the aim of improving their stiffness. The bodyshell joint is defined to be an area or sub-structure containing the intersection of beam-type members, the behaviour of which may be defined by a matrix determined experimentally or analytically by using the finite element method. An actual bodyshell was tested on a suitably designed rig and the primary displacement modes affecting the steady state and vibration response of a bodyshell were identified and the relevant stiffness measured by using a special transducer. The joint rotational displacements were measured in these modes and the relative importance of the joints obtained. The joints were then modified by the addition of stiffening plates and the effect on the various stiffnesses noted. To assist the analyst, a similar study was performed on the effectiveness of the panels, such as roof, floor and rear quarter. A finite element beam model was established for the bodyshell and modified until a good approximation was achieved with respect to the experiments. Some practical modification of three selected joints cut from the bodyshell was done in order to improve their stiffness. A theoretical study of the influence of spot welding size and spacing on the stiffness of two plates was made. A finite element model of an actual body joint was established and the effect on stiffness of various modifications was observed.
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Toro, Andrea del Pilar. "Effect of Lateral Stiffness on Bridge Deck Performance." UNF Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/587.

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The use of the empirical deck design method has increased its acceptance due to the economic advantages that it presents when compared to its counterpart, the traditional method. This can be attributed to the fact that the empirical method provides an appropriate design where the deck withstands stress not only due to the steel reinforcement but to an implicit arching membrane stress set-up as an effect of the lateral restraint surrounding the deck slab known as Compressive Membrane Action (CMA). It has been proved through research that most design codes underestimate the strength of laterally restrained slabs. However, there is still a lack of acceptance in practical bridge design codes. This thesis presents an analysis addressing the influence that the lateral stiffness of the support beams has on the overall bridge deck performance. The lateral stiffness behavior was assessed through a programmed electronic spreadsheet where a comparison with different current code requirements and an additional approach was made. Through this analysis it was determined that not only does the support beam lateral stiffness plays an important role in the overall bridge deck slab ultimate capacity, but mapping out this influence is a priority that may also be useful in setting the basis for future design criteria.
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Tatting, Brian F. "Analysis and Design of Variable Stiffness Composite Cylinders." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29313.

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An investigation of the possible performance improvements of thin circular cylindrical shells through the use of the variable stiffness concept is presented. The variable stiffness concept implies that the stiffness parameters change spatially throughout the structure. This situation is achieved mainly through the use of curvilinear fibers within a fiber-reinforced composite laminate, though the possibility of thickness variations and discrete stiffening elements is also allowed. These three mechanisms are incorporated into the constitutive laws for thin shells through the use of Classical Lamination Theory. The existence of stiffness variation within the structure warrants a formulation of the static equilibrium equations from the most basic principles. The governing equations include sufficient detail to correctly model several types of nonlinearity, including the formation of a nonlinear shell boundary layer as well as the Brazier effect due to nonlinear bending of long cylinders. Stress analysis and initial buckling estimates are formulated for a general variable stiffness cylinder. Results and comparisons for several simplifications of these highly complex governing equations are presented so that the ensuing numerical solutions are considered reliable and efficient enough for in-depth optimization studies. Four distinct cases of loading and stiffness variation are chosen to investigate possible areas of improvement that the variable stiffness concept may offer over traditional constant stiffness and/or stiffened structures. The initial investigation deals with the simplest solution for cylindrical shells in which all quantities are constant around the circumference of the cylinder. This axisymmetric case includes a stiffness variation exclusively in the axial direction, and the only pertinent loading scenarios include constant loads of axial compression, pressure, and torsion. The results for these cases indicate that little improvement over traditional laminates exists through the use of curvilinear fibers, mainly due to the presence of a weak link area within the stiffness variation that limits the ultimate load that the structure can withstand. Rigorous optimization studies reveal that even though slight increases in the critical loads can be produced for designs with an arbitrary variation of the fiber orientation angle, the improvements are not significant when compared to traditional design techniques that utilize ring stiffeners and frames. The second problem that is studied involves arbitrary loading of a cylinder with a stiffness variation that changes only in the circumferential direction. The end effects of the cylinder are ignored, so that the problem takes the form of an analysis of a cross-section for a short cylinder segment. Various load cases including axial compression, pressure, torsion, bending, and transverse shear forces are investigated. It is found that the most significant improvements in load-carrying capability exist for cases which involve loads that also vary around the circumference of the shell, namely bending and shear forces. The stiffness variation of the optimal designs contribute to the increased performance in two ways: lowering the stresses in the critical areas through redistribution of the stresses; and providing a relatively stiff region that alters the buckling behavior of the structure. These results led to an in-depth optimization study involving weight optimization of a fuselage structure subjected to typical design constraints. Comparisons of the curvilinear fiber format to traditional stiffened structures constructed of isotropic and composite materials are included. It is found that standard variable stiffness designs are quite comparable in terms of weight and load-carrying capability yet offer the added advantage of tailorability of distinct regions of the structure that experience drastically different loading conditions. The last two problems presented in this work involve the nonlinear phenomenon of long tubes under bending. Though this scenario is not as applicable to fuselage structures as the previous problems, the mechanisms that produce the nonlinear effect are ideally suited to be controlled by the variable stiffness concept. This is due to the fact that the dominating influence for long cylinders under bending is the ovalization of the cross-section, which is governed mainly by the stiffness parameters of the cylindrical shell. Possible improvement of the critical buckling moments for these structures is investigated using either a circumferential or axial stiffness variation. For the circumferential case involving infinite length cylinders, it is found that slight improvements can be observed by designing structures that resist the cross-sectional deformation yet do not detract from the buckling resistance at the critical location. The results also indicate that bucking behavior is extremely dependent on cylinder length. This effect is most easily seen in the solution of finite length cylinders under bending that contain an axial stiffness variation. For these structures, the only mechanism that exhibits improved response are those that effectively shorten the length of the cylinder, thus reducing the cross-sectional deformation due to the forced restraint at the ends. It was found that the use of curvilinear fibers was not able to achieve this effect in sufficient degree to resist the deformation, but that ring stiffeners produced the desired response abmirably. Thus it is shown that the variable stiffness concept is most effective at improving the bending response of long cylinders through the use of a circumferential stiffness variation.
Ph. D.
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Karamichos, Dimitrios. "Effect of strain and stiffness on matrix remodelling genes." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445416/.

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Cells embedded within tissues respond to mechanical, chemical and biological signals. However, the detail of how mechanical forces are transmitted to cells is poorly understood at present and represents a key missing link in Tissue Engineering. As cells attach to the fibrils in fibroblast-seeded 3D collagen scaffolds they generate contractile forces to levels, which depend on cell type, attachment, density, growth factors and matrix stiffness. The aim of this study was to use external applied strain to increase matrix stiffness in collagen constructs. Embedded resident cells (from three different sites) were then subjected to specific mechanical loading regimes in scaffolds of increasing stiffness and matrix remodelling genes quantified as markers of mechanoregulatory cellular response. Mechanical responses of cells were also quantified as contraction profiles over time. Our findings indicated that collagen got stiffer with application of high strains and visco-elastic properties resulted in minimal transfer of applied loads as recorded by movement of indwelling markers. The mechanical and molecular responses of three different cell lineages: human dermal (HDF), neonatal foreskin fibroblasts (HNFF) and human bone marrow stem (hBMSC) cells seeded in constructs of increased stiffness was tested. Results indicated that in HNFFs contraction was predominantly attachment-dependent while in HDFs it was predominantly stiffness-dependent. hBMSCs showed differential response to serum levels. Molecular responses in progressively stiffer constructs investigated were MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, TIMP- 2,COL-l,COL-3 and IGF-1. Different cell types expressed specific variations in gene regulation. The effect of specific mechanical loading (slow and fast ramp) regimes on regulation of matrix remodelling genes also showed a lineage dependent response. The major impact of this project has been the identification of a strong co-relation between substrate stiffness, mechanical loading and regulation of key ECM turnover genes. This knowledge is crucial to successful tissue engineering outcomes. The differential lineage dependent response is a key finding and will have to be tailored depending on cell source and specific outcomes desired. regimes on regulation of matrix remodelling genes also showed a lineage dependent response. The major impact of this project has been the identification of a strong co-relation between substrate stiffness, mechanical loading and regulation of key ECM turnover genes. This knowledge is crucial to successful tissue engineering outcomes. The differential lineage dependent response is a key finding and will have to be tailored depending on cell source and specific outcomes desired.
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Kelly, Darren. "Effect of particle loss on soil volume, strength and stiffness." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2015. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/8865.

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Soil particle loss can occur through biodegradation, erosion and dissolution. Yet there is little understanding of the mechanical changes that accompany these phenomena, especially where the size of particle removed is concerned. This study investigated the influence of particle loss on the volumetric, strength and small strain stiffness of analogue soils. These consisted of uniform Leighton Buzzard sand with selected salt particle sizes. Particle sizes chosen for experimental tests are representative of the fines that might be lost through an erosion process called suffusion in embankment dams or the various sizes that might be degraded and/or decomposed in landfill and mining wastes. A triaxial apparatus was modified to allow the in-situ dissolution of samples under triaxial stress states. This was achieved through the circulation of water through the pore-water pressure line with ow controlled by differential pressure using a peristaltic pump. Bender elements were installed to monitor changes in shear wave velocity before, during and after dissolution. Test results showed increases in void ratio in all dissolution tests. The influence of salt size and the stress under which tests were performed was found to have a limited impact on the magnitude of void ratio increase. Salt particle size did, however, affect the initial packing density of the sand-salt mixtures with fine salt sizes resulting in lower void ratios. Therefore, these tests showed lower post-dissolution void ratios. Coarse salt sizes initially densely prepared resulted in high post-dissolution void ratios close to the maximum void ratio for the Leighton Buzzard sand. Ultimately, post-dissolution void ratios determined the large-strain shearing behaviour. Therefore the fine salt tests, in which the post-dissolution void ratios were lowest, were the only tests to show minor peak strengths prior to the critical state with a shear behaviour described as strain-softening dilative. The comparatively high void ratios obtained in coarse salt tests showed no peak strength but a strain-hardening contractive behaviour. The structural role of salt particles within sand mixtures was continually assessed with evidence suggesting that salt particles maintainedtheir structural integrity under the stresses applied through loading and subsequent shearing in this study. The influence of particle loss on the critical state was also probed. Post-dissolution samples consistently showed higher critical void ratios than sand-only samples not subjected to particle loss. Most of the findings might be explained in the context of strong force chains and their stability which is in turn influenced by the amount and size of soluble particles. Shear wave velocities were shown to decrease significantly with dissolution of 15% of weight of salt irrespective of size. Associated small-strain stiffness moduli were found to decrease even more substantially. The reported changes illustrate the significant influence that particle removal has on the mechanical properties of soil and are discussed and analysedwithin this thesis.
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Colthrust, Melissa B. "The effect of oral contraceptives on musculo-tendinous stiffness of the knee flexors." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1319218.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between oral contraceptive use and the musculo-tendinous stiffness of the knee flexors. Twenty-three female participants and ten male participants (control group) ranging in age from 20 - 30 years. A uniaxial accelerometer was used to assess stiffness based on the exponential decay of the damped oscillation. Female groups had estradiol and 17 a-OH progesterone levels tested. At 30% of MVC, the Ortho-Tri Cyclen group, the Other OC group and women not using OC's had a mean stiffness of 249.3+94.5, 274.1+79.1 and 216.0+43.3 Nm/rad respectively and at 50% of MVC values of 290.2+70.7, 326.7+78.9 and 267.9+52.6 Nm/rad respectively. No significant difference in stiffness was found. Also no correlation was found between estradiol and stiffness. These results indicate that there was no significance between knee stiffness and oral contraceptives within the female groups.
School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Bozorgzadeh, Azadeh. "Effect of structure backfill on stiffness and capacity of bridge abutments." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3274986.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed October 2, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 260-265).
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Karlstrand, Nils, and Johan Neander. "After-compaction effect on the stiffness modulus of laboratory made samples." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97217.

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The report is written in research purpose for the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI). The aim has been to find out and to determine after-compaction effect on the stiffness modulus of laboratory made samples with different void content and at various temperatures. With the stiffness modulus the shear modulus can be calculated. With the shear modulus a road structure’s deformation in its different layers can be calculated. The work began with the choice of asphalt mixture (ABb16 160/220) with 5% binder content. This was compacted to sample bodies. These samples were analyzed with a number of methods from FAS (the association for asphalt pavements in Sweden). The results from these tests show among other things bulk density, void content and stiffness modulus. These results have afterwards been analyzed through different calculations developed by VTI. From the results we draw the conclusion that there is a clear connection between void and deformation, i.e. a higher void content gives a bigger deformation because of the low stiffness modulus. What happens is that after-compaction leads to a reduced void content which gives a higher stiffness modulus which gives an asphalt pavement that is more resistant against deformations. If the asphalt mixture has a void content of 5% you get a deformation during the first years that is 20% bigger than at a void content of 2% at 10°C. Is the void content 7% the deformation becomes 40% bigger that with 2% according to this study.
Rapporten är skriven i forskningssyfte för Statens väg och transportforskningsinstitut (VTI). Med syftet att ta reda på och klarlägga efterpackningens effekt på styvhetsmodulen hos laboratorietillverkade provkroppar med olika hålrum och vid olika temperaturer. Med hjälp av styvhetsmodulen kan skjuvmodulen räknas fram, under förutsättning att materialet är elastiskt, som man direkt kan härleda till en väg konstruktions deformation i de olika lagren. Arbetet började med val av asfaltmassa (ABb16 160/220) med en 5 % bindehalt, som sedan packades till provkroppar. Dessa provkroppar analyserades med ett antal metoder från FAS´(Föreningen för asfaltbeläggningar i Sverige). Resultatet från dessa metoder visar bland annat kompakt- och skrymdensitet, hålrumshalt och styvhetsmodul. Dessa resultat har sedan analyserats genom olika beräkningar framtagna av VTI. Från dessa resultat drar vi slutsatsen att det finns ett klart samband mellan hålrum och deformation (efterpackning), då en högre hålrumshalt ger en större deformation på grund av den låga styvhetsmodulen. Vad som sker är att efterpackningen leder till en minskad hålrumshalt vilket ger en högre styvhetsmodul vilket i sin tur ger en asfaltbeläggning som är mer motståndskraftig mot deformationer. Packas bindlagret till en hålrumshalt på 5 % får man en deformation under de första åren som är 20 % större än vid en hålrumshalt på 2 %, vid 10ºC. Är hålrumshalten 7 % blir deformationen istället 40 % större än vid 2 % enligt denna undersökning.
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Books on the topic "EFFECT OF STIFFNESS"

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K, Lerch Bradley, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Effect of heat treatment on stiffness damping of SiC/Ti-15-3. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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H, Fitts R., ed. Effect of hindlimb unloading on rat soleus fiber force, stiffness and calcium sensitivity. [Washington, D.C.]: NASA, 1997.

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Ebrahim, A. M. Mohamed. Effect of rotor wedges on the stiffness, damping and parameters of turbine generators. Manchester: UMIST, 1993.

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H, Fitts R., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Effect of hindlimb unloading on rat soleus fiber force, stiffness and calcium sensitivity. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Fry, J. E. Effect of smoking on arterial stiffness and haemodynamic parameters in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Roehampton: University of Surrey Roehampton, 2004.

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McAlister, Robert H. Effect of accelerated aging on the bending strength and stiffness of COM-PLY truss lumber produced in a pilot plant. [Asheville, NC]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1985.

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Bayer, RG, ed. Effects of Mechanical Stiffness and Vibration on Wear. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp1247-eb.

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1935-, Bayer R. G., and ASTM Committee G-2 on Erosion and Wear., eds. Effects of mechanical stiffness and vibration on wear. Philadelphia, PA: ASTM, 1995.

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Azadeh, Bozorgzadeh, Structural Systems Research Project, and University of California, San Diego. Dept. of Structural Engineering., eds. Experimental and analytical investigation on stiffness and ultimate capacity of bridge abutments. La Jolla, Calif: University of California, San Diego, Dept. of Structural Engineering, 2008.

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L, Adams Michael, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Effects of compression, staging, and braid angle on braided rope seal performance. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "EFFECT OF STIFFNESS"

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Leckie, Frederick A., and Dominic J. Dal Bello. "Effect of Flaws: Fracture." In Strength and Stiffness of Engineering Systems, 1–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-49474-6_13.

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Tzanakakis, Konstantinos. "The Effect of Track Stiffness on Track Performance." In Springer Tracts on Transportation and Traffic, 79–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36051-0_16.

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Kumar, Rohit, Sachin Kalsi, and Ishbir Singh. "Effect of Seat Cushion Stiffness on Human Comfort." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 409–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4684-0_42.

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Altobelli, Alessandro. "Effect of Homogenous Object Stiffness on Tri-Digit Proprieties." In Springer Series on Touch and Haptic Systems, 71–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47087-0_6.

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Chen, Jingtao, Peter Mitrouchev, Sabine Coquillart, and Franck Quaine. "Magnitude Finger Forces Analysis During Simulating Pseudo-Haptic Spring." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 215–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_34.

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AbstractThis paper focuses on finger force magnitude analysis during stiffness discrimination task. In the frame of their Study and research work MS students from the Université Grenoble Alpes specially designed an experimental bench allowing to simulate a pseudo-haptic spring. Then, a series of stiffness discrimination tests between reals springs and a pseudo-haptic spring were performed. Finger pressing forces and students’ (subjects’) perception of spring stiffness were recorded and analyzed. The analysis of psychometric curves indicates that subjects underestimate the simulated stiffness of the pseudo-haptic spring. The results also indicate that the peak of finger force applied on pseudo-haptic spring increases as the simulated stiffness increases. Moreover, it was found that the relationships between the logarithm of stiffness and the finger force were linear for the real springs and the pseudo-haptic spring. Pseudo-haptics effect being provided by specially designed isometric force feedback device, the results of this study may be useful for computer-based rehabilitation tasks designed for motor disorder patients with muscle deficiency associated with limited joint movement range or for injured athletes in the process of rehabilitation.
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Bažant, Zdeněk P., and Milan Jirásek. "Solidification Theory for Aging Effect on Stiffness and Basic Creep." In Creep and Hygrothermal Effects in Concrete Structures, 409–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1138-6_9.

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Akkas, Nuri, and Mina Kermanian. "Effect of Cortex Stiffness Variation on Cleavage in Animal Cells." In Biomechanics of Active Movement and Division of Cells, 67–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78975-5_3.

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Wang, Lei. "Flexural Behaviors of Corroded Post-tensioned Concrete Beams." In Strand Corrosion in Prestressed Concrete Structures, 193–223. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2054-9_8.

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AbstractThe insufficient grouting and strand corrosion can affect the flexural behavior of prestressed concrete beams. An experimental study with twenty prestressed concrete beams is designed to study the effect of grouting defects and strand corrosion on the flexural performance of prestressed concrete beams. Corrosion effects on concrete cracking, post-cracking stiffness, ultimate strength, failure mode, and ductility are then clarified by the flexural test, and a coefficient is introduced to quantify the incompatible strain between corroded strand and concrete.
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Sharma, Jitendra Kumar, and Raksha Rani Sanadhya. "Effect of Granular Pile Stiffness on Load Distribution for Piled Raft." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 531–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5195-6_42.

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George, Anisha, and Mariamol Kuriakose. "Effect of Mid-Storey Isolation in Regular and Stiffness Irregular Buildings." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 607–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26365-2_56.

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Conference papers on the topic "EFFECT OF STIFFNESS"

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Holcombe, Sven A., Stewart C. Wang, and James B. Grotberg. "The Effect of Rib Shape on Stiffness." In 60TH Stapp Car Crash Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2016-22-0002.

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Ghosh, Saikat, and Sudhakar Medepalli. "Effect of Tire Stiffness on Vehicle Loads." In SAE 2005 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-0825.

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"Effect of Synthetic Macro-Fibers on Shear Behavior of Concrete Beams." In SP-248: Deflection and Stiffness Issues in FRC and Thin Structural Elements. American Concrete Institute, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/19009.

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"Effect of Open-Loop or Closed-Loop Deflection Control on Measured Toughness of FRC." In SP-248: Deflection and Stiffness Issues in FRC and Thin Structural Elements. American Concrete Institute, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/19011.

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hussain, Musawar, and Nadeem Shafi Khan. "Effect of Directional Stiffness on Control Reversal Speed." In 2019 16th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST - 2019). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ibcast.2019.8667187.

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Esposito, Scott, Norca Arias, Jay Tudor, David Tao, Ben Soltisz, and Gururaj Kathawate. "Effect of Polyurethane Structural Foam on Vehicle Stiffness." In Noise & Vibration Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-1785.

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Rajapakse, R. P. C. Janaka, Yoshimasa Tokuyama, and Chika Sonehara. "The Effect of Texture on Perceiving Haptic Stiffness." In 2011 International Conference on Biometrics and Kansei Engineering (ICBAKE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbake.2011.34.

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Shareef, Iqbal, and Haithem Nijem. "Effect of System Stiffness on Friction and Wear." In Earthmoving Industry Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/941110.

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Yang, Fulun, Bi Zhang, Jiexin Wang, Zhenqi Zhu, and Richard Monahan. "The Effect of Grinding Machine Stiffness on Surface Integrity of Silicon Nitride." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0286.

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Abstract A theoretical model based on mechanics and machine dynamics is presented to describe the effect of machine stiffness on surface integrity of ground silicon nitride. Experimental results are also presented to verify the model. The damage depth of ground workpieces is assessed against different machine stiffnesses. The modeling and experimental results demonstrate that there exists a critical machine stiffness in grinding of ceramics. When machine stiffness is higher than the critical stiffness, no chatter should occur in the grinding process. In this case, damage depth increases with the increase of machine stiffness under the single pass grinding process. In contrast, if machine stiffness is lower than the critical stiffness, chatter can occur in the grinding process that may induce grinding damage. The theoretical model can also be used to predict the critical machine stiffness for other types of structural ceramics.
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Hsu, Fu-Ming, Guang-Yu Liu, and Weileun Fang. "MEMS structure with tunable stiffness using the magnetorheological effect." In 2013 IEEE 26th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memsys.2013.6474163.

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Reports on the topic "EFFECT OF STIFFNESS"

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Ahmed, Aziz, and Lip H. Teh. THREAD EFFECT ON THE INITIAL STIFFNESS OF BOLTED CONNECTIONS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2018.p.053.

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Truong, Jonas, Phillippe Gosselin, and Alexis Lussier-Desbiens. The Effect of Bending and Torsional Stiffness on the Edge Grip of an Alpine Ski. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317481.

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Herbert, William. Effect of Isokinetic Strength Training and Deconditioning on Bone Stiffness, Bone Density and Bone Turnover in Military-Aged Women. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada398256.

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Gorman, Jhana, Jason Dean Hales, and Edmundo Corona. Effect of shell drilling stiffness on response calculations of rectangular plates and tubes of rectangular cross-section under compression. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/983668.

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Rahman, Shahedur, Rodrigo Salgado, Monica Prezzi, and Peter J. Becker. Improvement of Stiffness and Strength of Backfill Soils Through Optimization of Compaction Procedures and Specifications. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317134.

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Vibration compaction is the most effective way of compacting coarse-grained materials. The effects of vibration frequency and amplitude on the compaction density of different backfill materials commonly used by INDOT (No. 4 natural sand, No. 24 stone sand, and No. 5, No. 8, No. 43 aggregates) were studied in this research. The test materials were characterized based on the particle sizes and morphology parameters using digital image analysis technique. Small-scale laboratory compaction tests were carried out with variable frequency and amplitude of vibrations using vibratory hammer and vibratory table. The results show an increase in density with the increase in amplitude and frequency of vibration. However, the increase in density with the increase in amplitude of vibration is more pronounced for the coarse aggregates than for the sands. A comparison of the maximum dry densities of different test materials shows that the dry densities obtained after compaction using the vibratory hammer are greater than those obtained after compaction using the vibratory table when both tools were used at the highest amplitude and frequency of vibration available. Large-scale vibratory roller compaction tests were performed in the field for No. 30 backfill soil to observe the effect of vibration frequency and number of passes on the compaction density. Accelerometer sensors were attached to the roller drum (Caterpillar, model CS56B) to measure the frequency of vibration for the two different vibration settings available to the roller. For this roller and soil tested, the results show that the higher vibration setting is more effective. Direct shear tests and direct interface shear tests were performed to study the impact of particle characteristics of the coarse-grained backfill materials on interface shear resistance. The more angular the particles, the greater the shear resistance measured in the direct shear tests. A unique relationship was found between the normalized surface roughness and the ratio of critical-state interface friction angle between sand-gravel mixture with steel to the internal critical-state friction angle of the sand-gravel mixture.
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Guede-Rojas, Francisco, Alexis Benavides-Villanueva, Sergio Salgado-González, Cristhian Mendoza, Gonzalo Arias-Álvarez, and Claudio Carvajal-Parodi. Effect of strength training on knee proprioception in patients with knee osteoarthritis. A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.5.0102.

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Review question / Objective: To analyze the effect of strength training (ST) on knee proprioception in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Condition being studied: KOA is a chronic and degenerative joint disease characterized by articular cartilage loss, marginal bone hypertrophy, and inflammatory involvement of periarticular tissue of the knee. Symptoms of KOA are pain, stiffness, reduced range of motion, and muscle weakness, although proprioception may also be affected, contributing to the associated functional limitation.
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Gordon and Dong. L51648 Fitness-For-Purpose Assessment Procedures for Sleeve and Branch Welds in Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010215.

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�One of the major problems associated with developing fitness-for-purpose procedures for sleeve and branch welds is the prediction of the local stress distribution at the welds. Since the presence of a sleeve or branch will increase the local stiffness of the pipe and give rise to local stress concentration effects, the stress distribution at sleeve or branch welds cannot be readily estimated using simple stress analysis. This project studied the structural behavior of sleeve and branch connections in pipelines. Because these connections create local stress concentration effects, where several potential crack orientations need to be considered, the stress distribution at these points cannot be estimated using simple stress analysis. In this research, finite element analyses were performed to determine: (1) the local stress distribution resulting from internal pressure and remotely-applied tensile and bending loads at sleeve and branch welds; (2) the effects of sleeve thickness and length; (3) the effect of poor fits (i.e., gaps between the pipe and sleeve); and (4) the effect of a through-wall crack at sleeve and branch welds in pressurized pipe.
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Andrades, Oscar, David Ulloa, Dario Martinez, Francisco Guede, Gustava Muñoz, Luis Javier Chirosa, and Amador García. Effect of the manipulation of the variables that configure the stimulus of strength training on motor symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0079.

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Review question / Objective: To analyze the evidence on studies that have manipulated the variables that make up the strength training stimulus and its effects on motor symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease. Condition being studied: Parkinson's is a multisystemic neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system and is caused by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the compact part of the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia of the midbrain. People with Parkinson's disease (PEP) have non-motor and motor clinical symptoms. Classic motor symptoms are rest tremor, joint stiffness, bradykinesia, decreased balance, gait disturbances (speed, temporality, spatiality, support, and freezing) and decreased functional performance.
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Blanken, Annelies, Bafrin Abdulmajid, Eva van Geel, Joost Daams, Martin van der Esch, and Michael Nurmohamed. Effect of tumor necrosis factor inhibiting treatment on arterial stiffness and arterial wall thickness in rheumatoid arthritis patients: protocol for a systematic review and planned meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0131.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effect of TNF inhibiting treatment on arterial stiffness (as measured with pulse wave velocity and augmentation index) and arterial wall thickness (as measured with carotid intima media thickness) in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Condition being studied: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disorder, which affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide. Information sources: The following electronic databases will be searched for potentially eligible studies: EMBASE, MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. For the studies identified as eligible for inclusion, similarity tracking will be used to identify more potentially relevant articles with the ‘related article’ feature in PubMed. In addition, a citation search will be performed for included studies to identify articles that have cited them. Reference lists of the included studies and previous reviews on the subject will be searched for potentially relevant studies. ResearchGate profiles of top authors on the subject will be investigated to identify potentially relevant data points. For ongoing or finished studies that are potentially eligible, but without a publication, study authors will be contacted for information. When additional information is needed, study authors will be contacted as well.
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Pisani, William, Dane Wedgeworth, Michael Roth, John Newman, and Manoj Shukla. Exploration of two polymer nanocomposite structure-property relationships facilitated by molecular dynamics simulation and multiscale modeling. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46713.

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Polyamide 6 (PA6) is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic used in many engineering applications due to good strength, stiffness, mechanical damping, wear/abrasion resistance, and excellent performance-to-cost ratio. In this report, two structure-property relationships were explored. First, carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene (G) were used as reinforcement molecules in simulated and experimentally prepared PA6 matrices to improve the overall mechanical properties. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with INTERFACE and reactive INTERFACE force fields (IFF and IFF-R) were used to predict bulk and Young's moduli of amorphous PA6-CNT/G nanocomposites as a function of CNT/G loading. The predicted values of Young's modulus agree moderately well with the experimental values. Second, the effect of crystallinity and crystal form (α/γ) on mechanical properties of semi-crystalline PA6 was investigated via a multiscale simulation approach. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center's micromechanics software was used to facilitate the multiscale modeling. The inputs to the multiscale model were the elastic moduli of amorphous PA6 as predicted via MD and calculated stiffness matrices from the literature of the PA6 α and γ crystal forms. The predicted Young's and shear moduli compared well with experiment.
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