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1
Richter, H., A. W. Western, and F. H. S. Chiew. "The Effect of Soil and Vegetation Parameters in the ECMWF Land Surface Scheme." Journal of Hydrometeorology 5, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 1131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-362.1.
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Abstract Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) and climate models are sensitive to evapotranspiration at the land surface. This sensitivity requires the prediction of realistic surface moisture and heat fluxes by land surface models that provide the lower boundary condition for the atmospheric models. This paper compares simulations of a stand-alone version of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) land surface scheme, or the Viterbo and Beljaars scheme (VB95), with various soil and vegetation parameter sets against soil moisture observations across the Murrumbidgee River catchment in southeast Australia. The study is, in part, motivated by the adoption of VB95 as the operational land surface scheme by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology in 1999. VB95 can model the temporal fluctuations in soil moisture, and therefore the moisture fluxes, fairly realistically. The monthly model latent heat flux is also fairly insensitive to soil or vegetation parameters. The VB95 soil moisture is sensitive to the soil and, to a lesser degree, the vegetation parameters. The model exhibits a significant (generally wet) bias in the absolute soil moisture that varies spatially. The use of the best Australia-wide available soils and vegetation information did not improve VB95 simulations consistently, compared with the original model parameters. Comparisons of model and observed soil moistures revealed that more realistic soil parameters are needed to reduce the model soil moisture bias. Given currently available continent-wide soils parameters, any initialization of soil moisture with observed values would likely result in significant flux errors. The soil moisture bias could be largely eliminated by using soil parameters that were derived directly from the actual soil moisture observations. Such parameters, however, are only available at very few point locations.
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Hatton, Thomas J., Neil R. Viney, E. A. Catchpole, and Neville J. De Mestre. "The Influence of Soil Moisture on Eucalyptus Leaf Litter Moisture." Forest Science 34, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/34.2.292.
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Abstract An experiment was carried out to test the assumption that surface soil moisture affects fine dead fuel moisture. A randomized block design was used to test the response in Eucalyptus leaf moisture to two levels of soil moisture over a range of exposures to the sun, wind, and soil surface. Soil moisture clearly influenced daily leaf fuel moisture minima and maxima. The effect on daily minima was most pronounced for the bottom of the litter layer, which was shielded from the sun and wind and in contact with the soil. The effect of soil moisture on daily fuel moisture maxima was most pronounced for exposed samples. The responses in fuel moisture due to exposure and soil moisture were compared with fine fuel moistures predicted by three fuel moisture models. The various treatment combinations of soil moisture and exposure produced fuel moistures that varied too widely for any of the tested fuel moisture models to be consistently most accurate. For. Sci. 34(2):292-301.
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Hamad, Asal Mahmud, and Mahmood Gazey Jassam. "A Comparative Study for the Effect of Some Petroleum Products on the Engineering Properties of Gypseous Soils." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 29, no. 3 (October 15, 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.29.3.7.
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Gypseous soils are considered problematic soils because the soil cavities happen during receiving the water or this type of soil and solving gypsum materials and contract in a soil volume. In this study, three types of gypseous soils are used; soil1, soil2, and soil3 with gypsum content (28.71%, 43.6%, and 54.88%) respectively, petroleum products (engine oil, fuel oil, and kerosene) are added to the soils with percentages (3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%) for each product. The result showed that specific gravity, liquid limit, optimum moisture content (O.M.C), and maximum dry density decreased with an increased percentage of product for all types of products. The direct shear (dry and soaked case) results show that increasing the (angle of internal friction and the soil cohesion) for soil1, soil2, and soil3 by adding engine oil and fuel oil. Still, when the soils were treated with kerosene, the angle of internal friction increased while cohesion decreased. The collapse potential for the treated soils increases with increasing gypsum content for all petroleum products. The collapse potential (CP) for (soil1) decreased by 47% when using 6% of the engine oil, 48.8% when using 9% of the fuel oil, and 55% when using 9% of the kerosene. The same percentage of the petroleum products (engine oil, fuel oil, and kerosene) decrease the collapse potential for (soil2), (47%, 46%, and 50%) respectively and decrease the collapse potential for (soil 3), (51%, 47.7%, and 52%) respectively. In the unconfined compressive test applied on (soil1) using maximum density, the results show that the soil strength increased (26% and 10%) when using 6% and engine oil and fuel oil, respectively, while the soil strength decreased by 29% when treated with 9% of kerosene.
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Kováč, K., M. Macák, and M. Švančárková. "The effect of soil conservation tillage on soil moisture dynamics under single cropping and crop rotation." Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No. 3 (November 19, 2011): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3564-pse.
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During 1993–1995 the effect of conventional tillage, reduced till, mulch till and no-till technology on soil moisture dynamics has been studied in field experiment on Haplic chernozems near Piešťany. The tillage treatments were evaluated under a single cropping of maize and spring barley – common peas – winter wheat crop rotation. Soil samples for gravimetric determination of moisture content were collected from six layers up to 0.8 m, three times per year (April–July). The soil moisture was highly significantly influenced in order of importance by date of sampling, year, growing crops, tillage treatments, soil layer and by interactions year × crops, year × date of sampling, crops × date of sampling, tillage × date of sampling, year × tillage, date of sampling × layer and significant influences by interactions, tillage × crops. The soil under conventional tillage had significantly higher moisture content than tested reduced till, mulch till and no-till treatments. The significant influence of maize stand on better soil humidity condition (16.35%) in comparison to crops grown in a crop rotation (in average 14.10%) has been ascertained.
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Abbaspour-Gilandeh, Yousef, Fereshteh Hasankhani-Ghavam, Gholamhosein Shahgoli, Vali Rasooli Shrabian, and Mohammadreza Abbaspour-Gilandeh. "Investigation of the Effect of Soil Moisture Content, Contact Surface Material and Soil Texture on Soil Friction and Soil Adhesion Coefficients." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2018-0009.
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Abstract Soil friction and soil adhesion increase the implement draft force and energy consumption particularly in the tools that have larger contact area with soil. The main ways of lowering the total draft force of the tillage tools include the use of proper materials in tools structures as well as application of the tools in appropriate soil moisture content condition. This paper investigates the effects of soil moisture content, contact surface material and soil texture on soil friction and soil adhesion coefficients. To measure the coefficients of soil friction and soil adhesion, a measurement system was developed at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. Experiments for each soil texture were performed at five levels of soil moisture content and four contact materials of steel, cast iron, rubber, and teflon with three replications. Results have shown that in all soil types, the effects of soil moisture content and contact materials had a significant effect on the coefficient of both soil friction and soil adhesion at the probability level of 1%. The coefficient of friction increased with soil moisture content increment and reached its maximum and then had a drop in the fluid phase. Results have shown that the mean values of soil friction and soil adhesion coefficients were significantly different from the studied soils.
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Conklin, Katie L., and Rodney G. Lym. "Effect of Temperature and Moisture on Aminocyclopyrachlor Soil Half-Life." Weed Technology 27, no. 3 (September 2013): 552–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00147.1.
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Aminocyclopyrachlor will control a variety of invasive weeds but may injure sensitive plant species if seeded into treated soil too soon after application. Aminocyclopyrachlor 50% dissipation time (DT50) ranged from 3 to > 112 d in four soils from the Northern Great Plains. The DT50was dependent on several factors including soil type, moisture content, and temperature. Across four different soil textures, aminocyclopyrachlor dissipation generally increased as soil moisture content increased, but moisture had less of an impact in sandy soils. Aminocyclopyrachlor dissipation also increased as temperature increased in the four soils. The most rapid dissipation occurred in soils with higher clay content, which also had the highest organic matter content of the soils evaluated, and an average DT50of less than 20 d. Seeding sensitive pasture, range, or crop species after aminocyclopyrachlor applications should be done with caution since the herbicide has potential for long persistence in the soil.
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Li, C., S. Gao, J. Zhang, L. Zhao, and L. Wang. "Moisture effect on soil humus characteristics in a laboratory incubation experiment." Soil and Water Research 11, No. 1 (June 2, 2016): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/21/2015-swr.
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Kökdener, Meltem, and Müjgan Şahin Yurtgan. "The Effect of Soil Type and Moisture Level on the Development of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae)." Journal of Medical Entomology 59, no. 2 (January 20, 2022): 508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjab229.
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Abstract The present study aimed to determine the effects of the soil type and the moisture contents on the some life-history parameters of Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). The larval and pupal survival, duration of development periods, and the weight of pupae and adult of L. sericata were examined at three different types of soil (clay, loamy, and sandy) with five moisture contents (0, 25, 50, 75, 100%). The post feeding L. sericata larvae were transferred to a plastic cup filled with soils with different moisture content, and all cups were kept at 27°C, 65% RH, and a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) h. In this article, the effects on some life-history parameters were compared with a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Accordingly, the findings of this article indicate that moisture contents of soils and soil type have a significant effect on the development time of L. sericata. Furthermore, it has been found that larvae can survive on extremely wet substrates (75–100% humidity), although their development time is longer than other moisture content. Pupal and adult weight was significantly different among soil type and soil moisture. Our results provide a reference information for sufficient estimation of the effects of changes in moisture-related to soil type or climate on studies of forensic and biological control of L. sericata.
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Korolev, Vladimir A., and Elena A. Fedyaeva. "EFFECT OF PHASE COMPOSITION ON THE PARAMETERS OF NON-ISOTHERMAL MOISTURE TRANSFER IN UNSATURATED SANDY SOILS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 20, no. 1 (March 10, 2014): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2013.843584.
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This paper considers the influence of phase composition on the parameters of non-isothermal moisture transfer in unsaturated sandy soils. The technique of study options non-isothermal moisture transfer to disperse soil of disturbed structure. The exploratory procedure of the parameters in disperse soils having disturbed structure in the wide range of their phase composition using triangular diagrams is expounded. Shown that the parameters non-isothermal moisture transfer depend on moisture content and soil composition density. Established that for the sandy soil there is the “optimal” range of moisture content and density at which the non-isothermal moisture transfer is most efficient. The dynamics of the field moisture content of sand in time is identified.
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Gholamhossein, Shahgholi, and Aboali Mohammad Reza. "Investigating soil compaction using strain transducer." Research in Agricultural Engineering 64, No. 1 (March 27, 2018): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/103/2016-rae.
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Soil compaction has been a challenging problem in agriculture. The parameters affecting soil compaction and their effects should be investigated. Thereby, series of soil sinkage tests were conducted at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili to evaluate the effect of soil moisture, loading velocity, depth and loading times on soil compaction using strain transducers. Three strain transducers were placed in x, y and z directions and their displacement was recorded during loading and unloading. Experiments were arranged as a complete randomized factorial design and 3 levels of moisture content and loading velocity and 2 levels of depth and loading time were investigated at three replications. It was found that with moisture increment soil displacement increased whereas increasing loading velocity and depth decreased soil compaction. There was a significant difference between the first and second loading time. The mutual binary effect of moisture content and loading time as well as that of depth and loading times were significant for transducer displacement. Mutual triplet effect of moisture, velocity and depth on the transducer displacement was significant.
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Ding, Yao, He Huang, Lei Wang, Zhao Qi Zhang, and Wei Hua Zhang. "Effect of Different Organic Matter Content on Soil Moisture Dynamics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 477-478 (December 2013): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.477-478.481.
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Organic matter plays an important role in soil moisture variation. In order to know the effect of organic matter on soil moisture dynamics, this study compared the infiltration and evaporation of soils with different organic matter content. The results showed that increasing the organic matter content in a certain degree can suppress evaporation and infiltration of soil moisture, and hence improving water use efficiency. When the organic matter content reaches3.2%, effect of suppressing evaporation is most obvious.
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PAQUIN, ROGER. "EFFET DE L’HUMIDITÉ DU SOL SUR LA TENEUR DE LA PROLINE LIBRE ET DES SUCRES TOTAUX DE LA LUZERNE ENDURCIE AU FROID ET À LA SÉCHERESSE." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 66, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps86-012.
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Plants of the hardy cultivar of alfalfa, Rambler (Medicago media Pers.) were hardened either at 1–2 °C or at 20/17 °C (day/night) at various soil moistures to determine whether cold hardening has a direct influence on the accumulation of free proline and total sugars in plant tissues or if the accumulation is due to a drought effect caused by the cold hardening temperatures. The very low soil moisture (25% of the water holding capacity) caused a dry state in the plants, increased the cold tolerance (LT50), the proline content and the percentage of the total sugars and dry matter of the tissues. High soil moisture (saturated and flooded soils) generally had opposite effects. The cold hardening of plants at 1–2 °C in the very low soil moisture for 2 or 3 weeks caused a lower accumulation in the proline content of leaves and crowns than the hardening at 20/17 °C. However, in these conditions, the total sugars and the LT50 in cold-hardened plants increased at a higher pace than in plants hardened at 20/17 °C. These results favor the hypothesis that the proline accumulation in cold-stressed plants is not directly caused by the cold hardening temperatures while sugars are, but is due to a drought effect related to the cold hardening.Key words: Proline, sugars, alfalfa, soil moisture, cold tolerance, drought stress
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Tužinský, L. "Soil moisture in mountain spruce stand." Journal of Forest Science 48, No. 1 (May 17, 2019): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/11854-jfs.
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Mountain forests are among the main components of natural environment in Slovakia. They grow mainly in areas with cold climate, on poor soils with unfavorable reaction, often very acidic (pH in H<sub>2</sub>O < 4.5) and with nutrient deficit. Immissions and acid rain attack forests to a great extent. Global climate changes also represent a new threat. Extremes in air temperatures, excessive amounts of precipitation or on the other hand the lack of water from precipitation, torrential rains or long-lasting drought periods are recorded as a result of a higher amount of heat energy accumulation from the greenhouse effect. Spruce forests are most endangered. Spruce with its root system concentrated in the upper soil layers, where also the highest amount of toxic elements accumulates, suffers more and more from dry and warm periods and it begins to wither due to drought. The occurrence of hydropedological cycles with a low or insufficient supply of available water in the soil is most frequent during summer (July, August). If the soil water potential values approach the value of the wilting point, an expressive decrease in transpiration is observed during the day, whereas its daily course is also suppressed. Gradual soil drying up from the upper layers towards the deepest ones of the physiological profile of soil represents a change in soil moisture stratification, especially after moistening the upper layers of soil with water from atmospheric precipitation. The deeper soil layers need not be re-saturated in such a case. Under drought the whole physiological profile of soil dries up in a relatively short time. Trees are exposed to a strong physiological stress in such conditions and after longlasting drought periods they can get into the state of total exhaustion.
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Feng, Huili, Jiahuan Guo, Saadatullah Malghani, Menghua Han, Penghe Cao, Jiejie Sun, Xuan Xu, Xia Xu, and Weifeng Wang. "Effects of Soil Moisture and Temperature on Microbial Regulation of Methane Fluxes in a Poplar Plantation." Forests 12, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040407.
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Improved mechanistic understanding of soil methane (CH4) exchange responses to shifts in soil moisture and temperature in forest ecosystems is pivotal to reducing uncertainty in estimates of the soil-atmospheric CH4 budget under climate change. We investigated the mechanism behind the effects of soil moisture and temperature shifts on soil CH4 fluxes under laboratory conditions. Soils from the Huai River Basin in China, an area that experiences frequent hydrological shifts, were sampled from two consecutive depths (0–20 and 20–50 cm) and incubated for 2 weeks under different combinations of soil moisture and temperature. Soils from both depths showed an increase in soil moisture and temperature-dependent cumulative CH4 fluxes. CH4 production rates incubated in different moisture and temperature in surface soil ranged from 1.27 to 2.18 ng g−1 d−1, and that of subsurface soil ranged from 1.18 to 2.34 ng g−1 d−1. The Q10 range for soil CH4 efflux rates was 1.04–1.37. For surface soils, the relative abundance and diversity of methanotrophs decreased with moisture increase when incubated at 5 °C, while it increased with moisture increase when incubated at 15 and 30 °C. For subsurface soils, the relative abundance and diversity of methanotrophs in all samples decreased with moisture increase. However, there was no significant difference in the diversity of methanogens between the two soil depths, while the relative abundance of methanogens in both depths soils increased with temperature increase when incubated at 150% water-filled pore space (WFPS). Microbial community composition exhibited large variations in post incubation samples except for one treatment based on the surface soils incubated at 15 °C, which showed a decrease in the total and unique species number of methanotrophs with moisture increase. In contrast, the unique species number of methanogens in surface soils increased with moisture increase. The analysis of distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA) showed that soil pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), NO3−-N, and NH4+-N mainly performed a significant effect on methanotrophs community composition when incubated at 60% WFPS, while they performed a significant effect on methanogens community composition when incubated at 150% WFPS. Overall, our findings emphasized the vital function of soil hydrology in triggering CH4 efflux from subtropical plantation forest soils under future climate change.
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Zheng, Ying Ying, Xin Shan Song, and Xiao Xiang Zhao. "The Effect of Drying-Rewetting on Soil Nitrogen Nitrification." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.385.
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More frequently drying-rewetting is likely to be expected for soils this century, with strong effect on nitrogen transformation. Experiments were conducted in semi-disturbed soils which were incubated under 4 different moisture regimes (dry wet\constant wet\constant dry\constant flooded) for 71 d. The results show that the dry soil has a rapid NO3--N increase after rewetting. Drying-rewetting increases soil nitrification which shows a "pulse" increasing. The drying and rewetting soil has the highest nitrification intensity when the soil moisture content (g/g) ranging at 15.82% ~ 17.06%. Drying-rewetting contributes to the accumulation of NO3--N.
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Jobbágy, J., P. Findura, and F. Janík. "Effect of irrigation machines on soil compaction." Research in Agricultural Engineering 60, Special Issue (December 30, 2014): S1—S8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/26/2013-rae.
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The analysis of soil compaction with chassis of a wide-span irrigation machine Valmont was determined. The sprinkler had 12 two-wheeled chassis (size of tyre 14.9'' × 24''). During the evaluation of soil compaction, we monitored the values of penetration resistance and soil moisture during the operation of the sprinkler. Considering the performance parameters of the pump, the sprinkler was only half of its length (300 m) in the technological operation. In this area, also field measurements were performed in 19 monitoring points spaced both in tracks and outside the chassis tracks. The analysis showed the impact of compression with sprinkler wheels. The correction of obtained results of penetration resistance was applied in connection with soil moisture (mass) values according to Act No. 220/2004 (Lhotský et al. 1985). The results of average resistance ranged from 1.2 to 3.26 MPa. The values of the max. resistance ranged from 2.3 to 5.35 MPa. The results indicated a shallow soil compaction; however, it is not devastating.
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Abdullahi, Ismaila, U. U. Umoh, and A. C. Aapta. "Effect of Varying Moisture Content on Shear Strength Properties of Soil." Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering 6, no. 11 (December 6, 2022): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i11.001.
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The effect of varying moisture content on the shear strength properties of soil was conducted in this study by varying the soil natural moisture content to 2% and then 4% increment at various depth. The soil sample was cored out using drilling method at different depth below the ground surface starting from 400mm to 24.75m for point 1 and 400mm to 11.25m for point 2. Its grain distribution was found by wet sieve analysis, The natural moisture content of each soil sample was determined, other basic experiments that was carried out are specific gravity, Atterberg limit test, sieve analysis. The result from the findings showed that the soils at point 1 and 2 are composed of silt and clay and the soil at point 2 have high plasticity than the soil in point 1. Also from the findings, it was found that soil shears faster at higher moisture content and that the angle of internal friction and cohesion index are inversely related.
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Ahmad, Waqar, Uchimura Taro, and Umar Muhammad. "Effect of the optimum and residual moisture content on the strength characteristics of unsaturated sands." E3S Web of Conferences 382 (2023): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338202007.
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Soil exists mainly in unsaturated conditions. Therefore, accurate prediction of the soil shear strength for unsaturated conditions also becomes equally important for the geotechnical design of earth structures. This study primarily investigates the effect of the moisture content of unsaturated soil on its shear strength. The strength characteristics of silica sands with different grain sizes were studied using the modified triaxial apparatus and analytical methods. For this purpose, four series of triaxial compression tests on silica sands were performed by varying the moisture content of the test sample at compaction and shearing as optimum or residual moisture content. The test results showed that the test sample sheared at optimum and residual moisture content exhibited higher shear strength when the sample was initially compacted at residual and optimum moisture content, respectively. The moisture content at compaction and the soil grain size considerably influence the shear strength of unsaturated sandy soils. Furthermore, the analytical method used in this study for unsaturated soil shear strength prediction does not account for the effect of initial moisture content in predicting unsaturated soil shear strength.
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Abbas, Haider, and Ramanathan Sri Ranjan. "Effect of soil moisture deficit on marketable yield and quality of potatoes." Canadian Biosystems Engineering 57, no. 1 (August 24, 2015): 1.25–1.37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7451/cbe.2015.57.1.25.
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Li, Ximing, and Cheng Sun. "Synergistic Effect of Carbamide and Sulfate Reducing Bacteria on Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in Soil." International Journal of Corrosion 2018 (August 1, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7491501.
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Synergistic effect of carbamide and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) on corrosion behavior of carbon steel was studied in soils with moisture of 20% and 30%, by soil properties measurement, weight loss, polarization curve, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that carbamide decreased the soil redox potential and increased soil pH. In soil without SRB, carbamide made corrosion potential of Q235 steel much more positive and then inhibited corrosion. Meanwhile, in soil with SRB, 0.5 wt% carbamide restrained SRB growth and inhibited biocorrosion of Q235 steel. Corrosion rate of carbon steel decreased in soil with 30% moisture compared with that with 20% moisture.
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Tamai, K. "Effects of environmental factors and soil properties on topographic variations of soil respiration." Biogeosciences Discussions 6, no. 6 (November 24, 2009): 10935–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-6-10935-2009.
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Abstract. Soil respiration rates were measured along different parts of a slope in (a) an evergreen forest with mature soil and (b) a deciduous forest with immature soil. The effects of soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil properties on soil respiration rates were estimated individually, and the magnitudes of these effects were compared between the deciduous and evergreen forests. In the evergreen forest with mature soil, soil properties had the greatest effect on soil respiration rates, followed by soil moisture and soil temperature. These results may be explained by different properties of soils that matured under different environments. Thus, we argue that the low soil respiration rates in Plot L of the evergreen forest resulted from soil properties and not from wet soil conditions. In the deciduous forest, soil respiration rates were more strongly affected by soil moisture and soil temperature than by soil properties, which were likely due to the immaturity of the forest soil.
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Wilcox-Lee, D. A., and R. Loria. "Effects of Soil Moisture and Root Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne hapla (Chitwood), on Water Relations, Growth, and Yield in Snap Bean." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 112, no. 4 (July 1987): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.112.4.629.
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Abstract Seedlings of the snap bean (Phaselous vulgaris L.), cv. Kentucky Wonder, were inoculated with ≈0, 240, 2400, or 24,000 root knot [Meloidogyne hapla (Chitwood)] nematodes per plant and grown in a sandy soil in the greenhouse at a soil water potential of either −0.025 (high soil moisture) or −0.075 (low soil moisture) MPa. Leaf xylem potential, transpiration, root hydraulic conductivity, and nematode populations in roots, as well as growth and yield data, were collected about 8 weeks after inoculation. Transpiration was reduced by decreasing soil moisture—maximum transpiration occurred about midday at high soil moisture and in the early morning at low soil moisture. Transpiration decreased late in the day with increasing nematode populations at high, but not low, soil moisture. Leaf xylem potential was reduced by low soil moisture and nematodes but interactive effects were not significant. Root conductivity was lower in plants exposed to low soil moisture than in plants maintained at high soil moisture. However, nematodes reduced conductivity in only one of two experiments, and interactive effects were not significant in either experiment. Root and shoot dry weight and leaf area were decreased in response to low soil moisture. Nematodes reduced shoot dry weight and leaf area, but not root dry weight, in one of two experiments and there were no significant interactive effects in either experiment. Total yields of beans were reduced at low soil moisture and in response to nematode inoculum. A significant interactive effect on early bean yield was also evident; nematodes lowered early yields more at high soil moisture than at low soil moisture. These data indicate that although soil moisture and M. hapla populations individually influenced water relations, growth, and yield of bean, the interactive effects were generally not significant. When an interaction could be demonstrated, it was due to a decreased effect of nematodes at low soil moisture.
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Sereni, Laura, Bertrand Guenet, Charlotte Blasi, Olivier Crouzet, Jean-Christophe Lata, and Isabelle Lamy. "To what extent can soil moisture and soil Cu contamination stresses affect nitrous species emissions? Estimation through calibration of a nitrification–denitrification model." Biogeosciences 19, no. 12 (June 20, 2022): 2953–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2953-2022.
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Abstract. Continental biogeochemical models are commonly used to predict the effect of land use, exogenous organic matter input or climate change on soil greenhouse gas emission. However, they cannot be used for this purpose to investigate the effect of soil contamination, while contamination affects several soil processes and concerns a large fraction of land surface. For that, in this study we implemented a commonly used model estimating soil nitrogen (N) emissions, the DeNitrification DeCompostion (DNDC) model, with a function taking into account soil copper (Cu) contamination in nitrate production control. Then, we aimed at using this model to predict N2O-N, NO2-N, NO-N and NH4-N emissions in the presence of contamination and in the context of changes in precipitations. Initial incubations of soils were performed at different soil moisture levels in order to mimic expected rainfall patterns during the next decades and in particular drought and excess of water. Then, a bioassay was used in the absence or presence of Cu to assess the effect of the single (moisture) or double stress (moisture and Cu) on soil nitrate production. Data of nitrate production obtained through a gradient of Cu under each initial moisture incubation were used to parameterise the DNDC model and to estimate soil N emission considering the various effects of Cu. Whatever the initial moisture incubation, experimental results showed a NO3-N decreasing production when Cu was added but depending on soil moisture. The DNDC-Cu version we proposed was able to reproduce these observed Cu effects on soil nitrate concentration with r2 > 0.99 and RMSE < 10 % for all treatments in the DNDC-Cu calibration range (> 40 % of the water holding capacity) but showed poor performances for the dry treatments. We modelled a Cu effect inducing an increase in NH4-N soil concentration and emissions due to a reduced nitrification activity and therefore a decrease in NO3-N, N2O-N and NOx-N concentrations and emissions. The effect of added Cu predicted by the model was larger on N2-N and N2O-N emissions than on the other N species and larger for the soils incubated under constant than variable moisture. Our work shows that soil contamination can be considered in continental biogeochemical models to better predict soil greenhouse gas emissions.
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Qi, G., Q. Wang, W. Zhou, H. Ding, X. Wang, L. Qi, Y. Wang, S. Li, and L. Dai. "Moisture effect on carbon and nitrogen mineralization in topsoil of Changbai Mountain, Northeast China." Journal of Forest Science 57, No. 8 (August 12, 2011): 340–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/56/2010-jfs.
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Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve (1,985 km<sup>2</sup> and 2,734 m a.s.l.) of Northeast China is a typical ecosystem representing the temperate biosphere. The vegetation is vertically divided into 4 dominant zones: broadleaved Korean pine forest (annual temperature 2.32°C, annual precipitation 703.62 mm), dark coniferous forest (annual temperature –1.78°C, annual precipitation 933.67 mm), Erman's birch forest (annual temperature –2.80°C, annual precipitation 1,002.09 mm) and Alpine tundra (annual temperature –3.82°C, annual precipitation 1,075.53 mm). Studies of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralization have attracted wide attention in the context of global climate change. Based on the data of a 42-day laboratory incubation experiment, this paper investigated the relationship between soil moisture and mineralization of C and N in soils with different vegetation types on the northern slope of the Natural Reserve Zone of Changbai Mountain. The elevation influence on soil C and N mineralization was also discussed. The results indicated that for the given vegetation type of Changbai Mountain the C and N mineralization rate, potential mineralizable C (C0) and potential rate of initial C mineralization (C<sub>0</sub>k) all increased as the soil moisture rose. The elevation or vegetation type partially affected the soil C and N mineralization but without a clear pattern. The moisture-elevation interaction significantly affected soil C and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N mineralization, but the effect on NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N mineralization was not significant. The complex mechanism of their impact on the soil C and N mineralization of Changbai Mountain remains to be studied further based on data of field measurements in the future.
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Li, Tianchen, Tianhao Mu, Guiwei Liu, Xiguang Yang, Gechun Zhu, and Chuqing Shang. "A Method of Soil Moisture Content Estimation at Various Soil Organic Matter Conditions Based on Soil Reflectance." Remote Sensing 14, no. 10 (May 17, 2022): 2411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14102411.
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Soil moisture is one of the most important components of all the soil properties affecting the global hydrologic cycle. Optical remote sensing technology is one of the main parts of soil moisture estimation. In this study, we promote a soil moisture-estimating method with applications regarding various soil organic matters. The results indicate that the soil organic matter had a significant spectral feature at wavelengths larger than 900 nm. The existence of soil organic matter would lead to darker soil, and this feature was similar to the soil moisture. Meanwhile, the effect of the soil organic matter on its reflectance overlaps with the effect of soil moisture on its reflected spectrum. This can lead to the underestimation of the soil moisture content, with an MRE of 21.87%. To reduce this effect, the absorption of the soil organic matter was considered based on the Lambert–Beer law. Then, we established an SMCg-estimating model based on the radiative transform theory while considering the effect of the soil organic matter. The results showed that the effect of the soil organic matter can be effectively reduced and the accuracy of the soil moisture estimation was increased, while MRE decreased from 21.87% to 6.53%.
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Loaiza Usuga, J. C., E. Jarauta-Bragulat, J. Porta Casanellas, and R. M. Poch Claret. "ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF SOIL USE CHANGES ON SOIL MOISTURE REGIMES IN MOUNTAIN REGIONS. (CATALAN PRE-PYRENEES NE SPAIN)." Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales 34, no. 132 (December 22, 2023): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.34(132).2010.2449.
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Soil moisture regimes under different land uses were observed and modeled in a representative forest basin in the Catalonian Pre-Pyrenees, more specifically in the Ribera Salada catchment (222.5 km2). The vegetation cover in the catchment consists of pasture, tillage, and forest. A number of representative plots for each of these land cover types were intensely monitored during the study period. The annual precipitation fluctuates between 516 and 753 mm, while the soil moisture content oscillates between 14 and 26% in the middle and low lying areas of the basin, and between 21 and 48% in shady zones near the riverbed, and in the higher parts of the basin. Soil moisture and rainfall are controlled firstly by altitude, with the existence of two climatic types in the basin (sub-Mediterranean and sub-alpine), and further, by land use. Two models were applied to the estimated water moisture regimes: the Jarauta Simulation Newhall model (JSM) and the Newhall simulation model (NSM) were found to be able to predict the soil moisture regimes in the basin in the different combinations of local abiotic and biotic factors. The JSM results are more precise than the results obtained using another frequently used method, more specifically the Newhall Simulation Model (NSM), which has been developed to simulate soil moisture regimes. NSM was found to overestimate wet soil moisture regimes. The results show the importance of the moisture control section size and Available Water Capacity (AWC) of the profile, in the moisture section control state and variability. The mountain soils are dominated by ustic and occasionally xeric regimes. Land use changes leading to an increase in forest areas would imply drier soil conditions and therefore drier soil water regimes. These effects are most evident in degraded shallow and stony soils with low AWC.
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Shen, Guo Min, Chun Fang Lu, and Yi Wang. "The Influence of Heat and Moisture Transfer in Soil on the Performance of the Ground Heat Exchanger." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 2120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.2120.
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In this paper, a numerical heat and moisture transfer model (HMTM) and a pure conduction model (PCM) were established separately for unsaturated soil around the ground heat exchanger (GHE) and were numerically solved by finite volume method. The simulation results indicate that rejecting heat into soil can reduce moisture content in the vicinity of the borehole wall. When the initial moisture content is high, moister transfer has little effect on soil thermal properties. In this case, the results of the HMTM and the PCM are basically identical. On the contrary, when the initial moisture content is low, the thermal effect has significant influence on moisture transfer around the borehole wall, and the soil thermal properties will change correspondingly. In this case, there is a large difference between the results of these two models.
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Fidel, Rivka, David Laird, and Timothy Parkin. "Effect of Biochar on Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions at the Laboratory and Field Scales." Soil Systems 3, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3010008.
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Biochar application to soil has been proposed as a means for reducing soil greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change. The effects, however, of interactions between biochar, moisture and temperature on soil CO2 and N2O emissions, remain poorly understood. Furthermore, the applicability of lab-scale observations to field conditions in diverse agroecosystems remains uncertain. Here we investigate the impact of a mixed wood gasification biochar on CO2 and N2O emissions from loess-derived soils using: (1) controlled laboratory incubations at three moisture (27, 31 and 35%) and three temperature (10, 20 and 30 °C) levels and (2) a field study with four cropping systems (continuous corn, switchgrass, low diversity grass mix and high diversity grass-forb mix). Biochar reduced N2O emissions under specific temperatures and moistures in the laboratory and in the continuous corn cropping system in the field. However, the effect of biochar on N2O emissions was only significant in the field and no effect on cumulative CO2 emissions was observed. Cropping system also had a significant effect in the field study, with soils in grass and grass-forb cropping systems emitting more CO2 and less N2O than corn cropping systems. Observed biochar effects were consistent with previous studies showing that biochar amendments can reduce soil N2O emissions under specific but not all, conditions. The disparity in N2O emission responses at the lab and field scales suggests that laboratory incubation experiments may not reliably predict the impact of biochar at the field scale.
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O'Callaghan, M., E. Gerard, and V. W. Johnson. "Effect of soil moisture and temperature on survival of microbial control agents." New Zealand Plant Protection 54 (August 1, 2001): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2001.54.3753.
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Microbial control of soil dwelling pests and pathogens depends on the survival of microbial inocula in soil Three microbes Beauveria bassiana A6 Serratia entomophila 626 and Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0Rif were inoculated into soil microcosms at three soil moistures and temperatures Survival was determined at regular intervals Beauveria bassiana survived well in soil; after 3 months the populations were maintained at levels close to those immediately following inoculation under most soil conditions Serratia entomophila and P fluorescens populations declined gradually Soil moisture impacted on survival of P fluorescens with populations declining most rapidly in the dry soil at all temperatures Pseudomonas fluorescens was not recovered after 54 days at 20C The rate of population decline of S entomophila increased with soil temperature but populations remained above the minimum level of detection after three months with soil moisture having little effect on survival Formulation of S entomophila into granules greatly improved the survival of this bacterium in soil
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Nepal, Achala, and Luis E. del Río Mendoza. "Effect of Sclerotial Water Content on Carpogenic Germination of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Plant Disease 96, no. 9 (September 2012): 1315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-11-0889-re.
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The relationship between moisture content and carpogenic germination (CG) of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia and the dynamics of sclerotial water imbibition were studied in a controlled environment. The study was conducted using laboratory-produced sclerotia from seven S. sclerotiorum isolates. The quantity and rate of water imbibition by three sizes of sclerotia was determined gravimetrically in silty clay, sandy loam, and sandy soils maintained at 100, 75, 50, and 25% of soil saturation and in distilled water. Smaller sclerotia imbibed water at a significantly faster rate (P = 0.05) than larger sclerotia in water and in soil at all saturation percentages. When buried in soil, small, medium, and large sclerotia were fully saturated within 5, 15, and 25 h, respectively, in all three soil types and moisture percentages. The effect of sclerotia moisture content on CG was evaluated on sclerotia maintained at 95 to 100, 70 to 80, 40 to 50, and 20 to 30% of their water saturation capacity using cool mist humidifiers. Sclerotial moisture content significantly influenced CG (P = 0.05). Maximum CG was observed on fully saturated sclerotia, while no CG was observed below 70 to 80% of saturation. These findings help explain S. sclerotiorum's ability to produce apothecia in soils with relatively low moisture levels.
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Kuo, Chi-Jui (Barry), Mark Kimsey, Deborah S. Page-Dumroese, Grant Kirker, Audrey Qiuyan Fu, and Lili Cai. "Investigating Soil Effects on Outcomes of a Standardized Soil–Block Test." Forest Products Journal 72, no. 3 (May 1, 2022): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-22-00020.
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Abstract Soil physical and chemical properties play important roles in mass loss during soil–block tests but the relationship between soil properties and the decay caused by brown-rot and white-rot fungi remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the soil effects on the decay resistance of pine (Pinus spp.) and poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) blocks. The properties of soil from nine different sources (six from Idaho, one from Mississippi, one from Wisconsin, and one from Oregon) were characterized for soil texture, sieved bulk density, water-holding capacity, pH, organic matter, and carbon and nitrogen concentrations. The moisture content and mass loss of decayed wood samples after 8 weeks of fungal exposure were measured. At the end of the study, block moisture ranged from 30 to 200 percent and mass loss ranged from 20 to 60 percent. Despite using a range of soils, there were no direct correlations between soil properties and wood-block moisture content or mass loss. Moreover, among all the soil properties examined, no significant effect of a single soil property on wood-block moisture content and mass loss was measured. Instead, the combined effects of soil physical and chemical properties may interact to govern the decay of wood blocks in the laboratory soil–block test.
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Li, Jiang, Jun Ping Fu, and Wu Gang Xie. "Effect of Soil Moisture on Soil Temperature Field Near Buried Pipe." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 650–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.650.
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System effectiveness and useful life of heat pump are directly affected by whether the design of ground heat exchanger is reasonable or not. The efficiency of heat exchanger has a close relationship with soil thermal conductivity coefficient and heat diffusivity, while soil moisture content affects soil thermal conductivity coefficient and soil temperature field. In this paper, we perform numerical simulation on CFD software. Then we study the soil temperature changes through field experiment in different soil moisture content on field experiment and finally obtained the relationships of the moisture content with the single U ground soil temperature field.
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Song, Chunyu, Xingyi Zhang, Xiaobing Liu, and Yuan Chen. "Effect of soil temperature and moisture on soil test P with different extractants." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 92, no. 3 (March 2012): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2010-051.
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Song, C., Zhang, X., Liu, X. and Chen, Y. 2012. Effect of soil temperature and moisture on soil test P with different extractants. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 537–542. Temperature and moisture are important factors affecting adsorption, transformation and the availability of soil phosphorus (P) to plants. The different temperatures and moisture contents at which soil is sampled might affect the results of soil test P (STP). In order to evaluate the effect of the temperature and moisture, as well as the fertilization level, on the results of soil test P, an incubation study involving three soil temperatures (5, 10, and 20°C), and three soil moisture contents (50, 70, 90% of field water-holding capacity) was conducted with Chinese Mollisols collected from four fertilization treatments in a long-term experiment in northeast China. Four soil P test methods, Mehlich 3, Morgan, Olsen and Bray 1 were used to determine STP after a 42-d incubation. The effect of temperature and moisture on STP varied among soil P tests. Averaged across the four fertilization treatments, the temperature had significant impact on STP, while the responses varied among soil P test methods. Mehlich 3, Morgan and Bray 1 STP decreased and Olsen STP increased with increase in temperature. Effect of soil moisture was only significant for Mehlich 3 P and Olsen P. Soil temperature had greater impact on STP than soil moisture content. The responses of the Olsen method to temperature differed from the other three methods tested. The interaction between soil temperature and soil moisture on soil test P was only significant for Mehlich 3 P. Fertilization level does not affect the STP in as a clear pattern as the temperature and moisture varied for all four methods. Consistent soil sampling conditions, especially the soil temperature, appear to be the first step to achieve a reliable STP for any soil P test.
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Kalmár, T., L. Bottlik, I. Kisić, C. Gyuricza, and M. Birkás. "Soil protecting effect of the surface cover in extreme summer periods ." Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 9 (September 5, 2013): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/176/2013-pse.
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It was to investigate the effects of mulch cover and stubble tillage on soil water content and to assess grounds of recommendations in stubble management in an extreme dry period. Tests were carried out in undisturbed (U) soil, after shallow (S) and deep (D) tillage, soil with (UCO, SCO, DCO) and without surface cover (UCL, SCL, DCL) and after conventional stubble treatment (STR). Effective moisture conservation (8–11%) was observed in undisturbed soil under 55% and 65% cover ratios. The water content in the top 0.65 m soil layer increased significantly (LSD, P < 0.05) between the different stubble variants, the following order was established on day 85: DCL < STR < SCL < UCL < DCO < SCO < UCO. The conventional stubble management cannot be applied in soils after shallow (STR) or deep tillage (DCL) in a dry season, when the loss of water is even statistically proven. Leaving the soil without a cover (UCL) or having it with insufficient cover (< 15%) entails risks in soils. Increasing the soil cover ratio (from 5% to 75%) had a 1.3–2.3 times stronger impact on crumb forming than did the moisture recorded in the various seasons.
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U.R. SANGAKKARA. "Effect of tillage and moisture levels on growth, yield and nodulation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and mungbean (Phaseolus radiatus) in the dry season." Indian Journal of Agronomy 49, no. 1 (October 10, 2001): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v49i1.5158.
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A field experiment was conducted at the Experimental farm of the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, over 2 dry seasons (May-August 1999 and 2000) to evaluate the impact of tillage and soil moisture on growth, yield and nodulation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and mungbean (Phaseolus radiatus L). The legumes were grown in tilled or compacted soils, under rainfed or irrigated conditions, which corresponded to low or high soil- moisture regimes. Germination of the small-seeded mungbean was reduced by soil compaction and low moisture. Crop growth of mungbean was also reduced to a greater extent by soil compaction and moisture stress. In contrast, the adverse impact of soil compaction and moisture stress was greater on pod yields of com- mon bean than on seed yields of mungbean. Tillage promoted root branching to a greater extent than root dry weights of both species, especially in the low soil-moisture regime. Nodulation was reduced to a greater extent by soil-moisture stress especially in common bean, the poor nodulating species.
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Nordin, Noor Khairul Idham, Che Ku Ahmad Fuad, and Mohd Nizar Hashim. "Soil Characterisation and Its Effect on Depth Accuracy Using Ground Penetrating Radar." Engineering, Agriculture, Science and Technology Journal (EAST-J) 1, no. 1 (August 2, 2022): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37698/eastj.v1i1.121.
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Assessing depth of utility in different soil moisture conditions require good research. Moreover, different soil moisture conditions produce depths that are not the same as one another. The information of underground utility such as depth is very important to avoid damage towards utility during excavation process. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the depth recorded by the (GPR) equipment in different soil condition in terms of soil moisture. The first objective of this study was to determine the soil moisture level for three different soil conditions. Next, this study evaluated the depth accuracy produced by the GPR equipment with the different soil moisture level such as dry, semi-dry and wet. Different soil moisture conditions were determined by the sampling of the three soil conditions. These samples were taken and tested using speedy soil moisture tester equipment that provided the percentage of soil moisture content. Next, the depth of utility was taken at the three soil moisture conditions and an assessment was made. The shape of hyperbolic on the radargram was generated from the equipment and was used to assess the accuracy of the depth. The information from this study is very useful to underground utility users which can help the development of the country in general. It also benefits the improvement of the preparation quality of underground utility mapping.
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Minet, J., E. Laloy, S. Lambot, and M. Vanclooster. "Effect of high-resolution spatial soil moisture variability on simulated runoff response using a distributed hydrologic model." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 4 (April 29, 2011): 1323–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1323-2011.
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Abstract. The importance of spatial variability of antecedent soil moisture conditions on runoff response is widely acknowledged in hillslope hydrology. Using a distributed hydrologic model, this paper aims at investigating the effects of soil moisture spatial variability on runoff in various field conditions and at finding the structure of the soil moisture pattern that approaches the measured soil moisture pattern in terms of field scale runoff. High spatial resolution soil moisture was surveyed in ten different field campaigns using a proximal ground penetrating radar (GPR) mounted on a mobile platform. Based on these soil moisture measurements, seven scenarios of spatial structures of antecedent soil moisture were used and linked with a field scale distributed hydrological model to simulate field scale runoff. Accounting for spatial variability of soil moisture resulted in general in higher predicted field scale runoff as compared to the case where soil moisture was kept constant. The ranges of possible hydrographs were delineated by extreme scenarios where soil moisture was directly and inversely modelled according to the topographic wetness index (TWI). These behaviours could be explained by the sizes and locations of runoff contributing areas, knowing that runoff was generated by infiltration excess over a certain soil moisture threshold. The most efficient scenario for modelling the within field spatial structure of soil moisture appeared to be when soil moisture is directly arranged according to the TWI, especially when measured soil moisture and TWI were correlated. The novelty of this work is to benefit from a large set of high-resolution soil moisture measurements allowing to model effectively the within field distribution of soil moisture and its impact on the field scale hydrograph. These observations contributed to the current knowledge of the impact of antecedent soil moisture spatial variability on field scale runoff.
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Javadi, Ali, and Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari. "Effect of Different Irrigation Managements on Infiltration Equations and Their Coefficients." CivilEng 4, no. 3 (August 28, 2023): 949–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng4030051.
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The main aim of this paper was to analyze the sensitivity of the five infiltration equations (Kostiakov, Kostiakov–Lewis, Philip, Horton and SCS) and their coefficients to various ponding depths and initial soil moisture under different irrigation managements. The treatments included three qualities of water (electrical conductivity = 6, 3 and 0.6 dS/m), two managements of irrigation (intermittent irrigation and daily irrigation) and three irrigation periods (100, 45 and 8 days). The HYDRUS-1D model was calibrated to simulate infiltration in various initial soil moistures and ponding depths. Evaluating the performance of infiltration equations showed that the Horton and Kostiakov–Lewis had better accuracy and Kostiakov and SCS had less accuracy than the other equations. The empirical coefficients of SCS and Kostiakov had the most and least sensitivities, respectively. Furthermore, Horton was the most sensitive equation, while SCS was the least sensitive one. The output parameters under daily management were the most sensitive to variations in infiltration coefficients, especially when the salinity and sodium contents of water and soil were higher. The results also showed that the effect of the initial soil moisture on the infiltration coefficient in high permeable soil (arising from daily management) was greater; but in low permeable soil (arising from intermittent management), the ponding depth was more effective. It is concluded that the infiltration equations (specifically the SCS equation) and their coefficients (specifically coefficient c) should be calibrated relative to the initial soil moisture, ponding depth, soil solution and water irrigation quality. Particularly in areas with high permeable soil (in the daily management), the calibration of the infiltration equation should be conducted with the initial soil moisture. In these areas, the irrigation period should be controlled. In areas with low permeable soil (in intermittent management), calibration should be carried out relative to the ponding depth. In these areas, the inflow rate should be controlled.
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Uspensky, Ivan A., Ivan V. Fadeev, Victor V. Alekseev, and Vladimir P. Filippov. "Modeling the Effect of Fertilizers on the Dynamics of Moisture Contours at Drip Irrigation." Engineering Technologies and Systems 31, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202101.097-108.
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Introduction. A review of research on modeling and calculating moisture contours shows that at this stage there is a developed formalized mathematical apparatus connecting physically reasonable parameters and hydro-physical properties of soils. However, to improve the efficiency of drip irrigation and fertigation, it is necessary to determine the effect of fertilizers dissolved in irrigation water on hydrophysic properties of soil, and on the basis of the findings to determine the effect of fertilizers on shapes and sizes of moisture contours. Materials and Methods. To investigate the effect of fertilizers on the dynamics of moisture contours, potassium monophosphate was used, because it has a “bad” mobility in soil and it is cost-efficient to be introduced into irrigation water. Potassium monophosphate effects on density, viscosity, osmotic pressure, moisture contact angle and surface tension of irrigation water. As a result, there are changes in soil water retention curve and its hydraulic conductivity function. Therefore, moisture contours are formed with small, but still significant differences. Results. A software tool has been developed that allows exploring the dynamics of the moisture contours of different soil types and texture with different porosity and with a previously known moisture distribution in depth. Discussion and Сonclusion. When potassium monophosphate or other nutrients are added to water, small changes of the formation of moisture contours are observed. The results obtained enable us to calculate irrigation norms at the design stage of the planning process of fertilizer distribution with irrigation water during drip irrigation for different concentrations.
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Ali, Ljaz, and Ghulam Nabi. "Effect of Mineral N on C and N Dynamics of Rice and Wheat Residues under Different Moisture Levels." Biological Sciences - PJSIR 63, no. 3 (November 13, 2020): 226–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.63.3.2020.226.237.
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Crop residue mineralization affects soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics during crop residue management in crop production. C and N mineralization dynamics of rice and wheat residues incorporated with and without mineral N under two moisture conditions were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Mineral N was applied @ 0.015 g/Kg (»30 Kg/ha), whereas soil moisture was maintained at high (» 15 KPa, near field capacity) and at low (» 500 KPa)moisture levels during course of study.Periodic determinations on CO2 C and N mineralized were performed over a period of 120 days. The highest peaks for CO2 C occurred during first week of the study which then reduced gradually until it attained an equilibrium. High moisture level enhanced CO2 C flux by 14% than low moisture level. Combined application of crop residues and mineral N released 17% more CO2 C than crop residue treatments without mineral N.In residue applied treatments, immobilization was 40% higher at high moisture level than that at low moisture level. Application of rice and wheat residues in combination with mineral N caused both immobilizations followed by mineralization phases at both moisture levels. At high moisture level, maximum immobilization occurred during initial 15 days, while at low moisture level it continued till about 30 days. After day15, mineralization started which continued to increase during remaining period of study at high moisture and at low moisture mineralization initiated from day 60 onward. Mineralization in rice residue was faster than that in wheat residues. Immobilization of N continued progressively in residue alone treated soils at both moisture levels during study period. In residue treated soils, increase in soil moisture increased soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil water stable aggregates (WSA) significantly by 14% and 55% over control respectively.Combined application of crop residues and mineral N increased SOC by 43% and WSA by 59%. This study indicated that incorporation of crop residues along with addition of mineral N in the presence of optimum moisture promoted its faster decomposition with a quicker mineral N release, more organic matter build up and soil structure improvement than crop residues incorporated without mineral N.
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Madzhi, N. K., and M. A. Nor Akhsan. "Control of Plant Growth by Monitoring Soil Moisture, Temperature and Humidity in Dry Climate." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1192, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1192/1/012027.
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Abstract Monitoring of environment parameter such as soil moisture, temperature and humidity are important parts of plant growth. This paper focused on the development of an instrumentation system and analysis on the effect of the water volume to the soil moisture, effect rate of soil moisture, temperature and humidity for an indoor greenhouse. Data were collected through two experiment. First experiment focused on effect volume of water to soil moisture. Soil hygrometer sensor used to measure soil moisture in real time. Five bottles contained different volume of water poured into soil which the soil is fixed to 200gram.Three different rate of soil moisture applied to plant and the data were analysed to determined relationship between soil moisture to the plant growth. It can be concluded that the rate of soil moisture does have effect on the stem diameter and leaves length based on the observations of the plant growth for three weeks.
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Lintner, Benjamin R., and J. David Neelin. "Soil Moisture Impacts on Convective Margins." Journal of Hydrometeorology 10, no. 4 (August 1, 2009): 1026–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jhm1094.1.
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Abstract An idealized prototype for the location of the margins of tropical land region convection zones is extended to incorporate the effects of soil moisture and associated evaporation. The effect of evaporation, integrated over the inflow trajectory into the convection zone, is realized nonlocally where the atmosphere becomes favorable to deep convection. This integrated effect produces “hot spots” of land surface–atmosphere coupling downstream of soil moisture conditions. Overall, soil moisture increases the variability of the convective margin, although how it does so is nontrivial. In particular, there is an asymmetry in displacements of the convective margin between anomalous inflow and outflow conditions that is absent when soil moisture is not included. Furthermore, the simple cases presented here illustrate how margin sensitivity depends strongly on the interplay of factors, including net top-of-the-atmosphere radiative heating, the statistics of inflow wind, and the convective parameterization.
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Hearn, John, Jeffery Eichler, Christopher Hare, and Michael Henley. "Effect of soil moisture on chlorine deposition." Journal of Hazardous Materials 267 (February 2014): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.12.044.
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Meza Ochoa, Victoria Elena, and Fabián Hoyos Patiño. "The matric suction effect on the change of volumen of soil from an alluvial deposit matric suction effect on the change of volumen of soil from an alluvial deposit of the Aburrá Valleyosit." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, no. 64 (October 3, 2012): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.13119.
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This paper presents the results of experimental study on fine-grained soils in the municipality of Itaguí, associated with Doña Maria alluvial deposit (Antioquia-Colombia). The matric suction was determined by filter paper method and the axis-translation technique, using soil samples, compacted to different moisture contents. Further, volume measurements were taken during wetting process of the samples. The soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) and the relationship between suction and moisture content, degree of saturation, and volume change of the soil, shows that, the biggest changes in void ratio of the soils, starts a degree of saturation close to 50%. For saturations below 50%, in wetting process, the void ratio remains stable and moisture-suction behavior, is similar for all three samples.
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A. Jasim, Abdulrazzak, and Salam F. Saadoon. "EFFECT OF SOIL MOISTURE AND PULVERIZATION IMPLEMENTS ON TILLAGE APPEARANCE AND SOIL PROPERTIES." Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal 12, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52951/dasj.20120205.
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The experiment was conducted at the fields of Agriculture College-University of Baghdad Al- Jadiriyah in 2015 in sandy loam soil in order to evaluate the effect of soil moisture level and pulverization implement on tillage appearance and some soil physical properties. Two levels of soil moisture included fist moisture level 14-16% and second moisture level 18-20% and pulverization implements included: disc harrow, Spring Spike tooth harrow and rotary harrow were used. Soil surface roughness, number of clods with diameter larger than 5 cm/m2, disturbed soil volume, and soil total porosity were measured. Split plot design under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates was used. The results were showed that Rotary harrow and 14-16% moisture level superior in obtained the best soil surface roughness, less number of clods > 5cm/m2 which was 7.56 clod/m2, while Spring Spike tooth Harrow and 18-20% moisture level was superior in record highest disturbed soil volume which was 761.56 m3/ hr and soil porosity of 55.78 %. Using locally manufactured ultrasonic device for measuring soil surface roughness was done successfully in this experiment with high performance efficiency.
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Snyder, Kayla, Christopher Murray, and Bryon Wolff. "Insulative effect of plastic mulch systems and comparison between the effects of different plant types." Open Agriculture 5, no. 1 (July 11, 2020): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2020-0028.
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AbstractTo address agricultural needs of the future, a better understanding of plastic mulch film effects on soil temperature and moisture is required. The effects of different plant type and mulch combinations were studied over a 3.5-month period to better grasp the consequence of mulch on root zone temperature (RZT) and moisture. Measurements of (RZT) and soil moisture for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), pepper (Capsicum annuum) and carrot (Daucus carota) grown using polyolefin mulch films (black and white-on-black) were conducted in Ontario using a plot without mulch as a control. Black mulch films used in combination with pepper and carrot plants caused similar RZTs relative to uncovered soil, but black mulch film in combination with tomato plants caused a reduction in RZT relative to soil without mulch that increased as plants grew and provided more shade. White-on-black mulch film used in combination with tomatoes, peppers or carrots led to a reduction in RZT relative to soil without mulch that became greater than the temperature of soil without mulch. This insulative capability was similarly observed for black mulch films used with tomato plants. Apart from white-on-black film used in combination with tomatoes, all mulch film and plant combinations demonstrated an ability to stabilize soil moisture relative to soil without mulch. RZT and soil moisture were generally stabilized with mulch film, but some differences were seen among different plant types.
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STONE, J. A., T. J. VYN, H. D. MARTIN, and P. H. GROENEVELT. "RIDGE-TILLAGE AND EARLY-SEASON SOIL MOISTURE AND TEMPERATURE ON A POORLY DRAINED SOIL." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 69, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss89-018.
Full textAbstract:
Adaptation of conservation tillage systems for corn (Zea mays L.) production on the poorly drained soils of southwestern Ontario is limited by excess soil moisture early in the growing season. Ridge-tillage appears capable of reducing early-season soil moisture in these soils. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of corn residue management in a ridge-tillage system in comparison with fall-mouldboard-plow and zero-tillage on early season soil moisture and temperature of a Brookston clay loam (Orthic Humic Gleysol). Ridge-tillage resulted in lower early-season soil moisture and higher temperatures within the seed zone than zero-tillage but they were comparable to those from mouldboard-plow tillage despite the fact that ridging caused a significant increase in surface residue. Chopping corn stalks in the fall contributed to lower early season moisture and higher temperature within the ridge. Key words: Till-plant, residue management, corn, soybean, Zea mays L., Glycine max L.
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Han, Ying, Xiangwei Chen, and Byoungkoo Choi. "Effect of Freeze–Thaw Cycles on Phosphorus Fractions and Their Availability in Biochar-Amended Mollisols of Northeast China (Laboratory Experiment)." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 15, 2019): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041006.
Full textAbstract:
Freeze–thaw cycles stimulate the release of available soil phosphorus (P) in winter, and biochar as a soil amendment could improve P availability. Nevertheless, it is unclear how freeze–thaw cycles and biochar amendment interact to affect the soil P fractions and their availability in winter, particularly under different soil water conditions. We simulateda freeze–thaw cycle experimentto assess the effects of three factors on soil P fractions: soil moisture content (22%, 31%, and 45%), frequencies of freeze–thaw cycles (0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 times) and biochar amendment (soil and biochar-amended soil). Modified Hedley sequential P fractionation was conducted to measure the soil P fractions. Increasing the number of freeze–thaw cycles increased soil labile P fractions in the soil with the lowest moisture content (22%). After biochar amendment, the content of labile P decreased as the number of freeze–thaw cycles increased. Biochar amendment enhanced P availability in Mollisols owing to the direct effect of NaOH-Po, which has a large direct path coefficient. Principal components analysis showed that moisture content was a major factor influencing the variation in the P fractions. The P fractions were separated by the interactive effects of biochar amendment and freeze–thaw cycles in soils with a higher moisture content (45%), indicating that the effects of freeze–thaw cycles on P availability appear to be more pronounced in biochar-amended Mollisols of higher water contents.
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Wang, Guibin, Binhui Liu, Mark Henderson, Yu Zhang, Zhi Zhang, Mingyang Chen, Haoxiang Guo, and Weiwei Huang. "Effect of Terracing on Soil Moisture of Slope Farmland in Northeast China’s Black Soil Region." Agriculture 13, no. 10 (September 25, 2023): 1876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13101876.
Full textAbstract:
The impact of terracing construction on the soil moisture content of slope farmland was analyzed at three sites in northeast China’s black soil region, across a range of latitudes and hydrological, temperature and soil quality conditions. At each research site, slope farmland with terracing was compared to unterraced slope farmland with a similar shape and gradient. During the wet crop growth period (July) and dry postharvest period (October) of 2022, the TRIME-PICO64TDR soil moisture measuring instrument was used to measure the soil moisture content at depths of 0–60 cm. Terracing increased soil moisture content by up to 2.83 percentage points during the crop growth period and by up to 1.69 percentage points during the postharvest period. Terracing had a significant impact on the volumetric soil moisture content of the shallower soil layer (0–30 cm) during the growing period, and on the volumetric soil moisture content of the deeper soil layer (30–60 cm) during the postharvest period. Terracing weakens the effect of slope position on volumetric soil moisture, reducing differences in volumetric soil moisture content among different slope positions. The difference in the water conservation benefit of terracing among the sites is mainly related to soil quality: the lower the soil bulk density and the higher the silt clay content is, the greater the benefit of terracing for retaining moisture. The findings of this study can be beneficial for guiding management measures for slope arable soil in black soil regions around the world.
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Hawkes, Christine V., Bonnie G. Waring, Jennifer D. Rocca, and Stephanie N. Kivlin. "Historical climate controls soil respiration responses to current soil moisture." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 24 (May 30, 2017): 6322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1620811114.
Full textAbstract:
Ecosystem carbon losses from soil microbial respiration are a key component of global carbon cycling, resulting in the transfer of 40–70 Pg carbon from soil to the atmosphere each year. Because these microbial processes can feed back to climate change, understanding respiration responses to environmental factors is necessary for improved projections. We focus on respiration responses to soil moisture, which remain unresolved in ecosystem models. A common assumption of large-scale models is that soil microorganisms respond to moisture in the same way, regardless of location or climate. Here, we show that soil respiration is constrained by historical climate. We find that historical rainfall controls both the moisture dependence and sensitivity of respiration. Moisture sensitivity, defined as the slope of respiration vs. moisture, increased fourfold across a 480-mm rainfall gradient, resulting in twofold greater carbon loss on average in historically wetter soils compared with historically drier soils. The respiration–moisture relationship was resistant to environmental change in field common gardens and field rainfall manipulations, supporting a persistent effect of historical climate on microbial respiration. Based on these results, predicting future carbon cycling with climate change will require an understanding of the spatial variation and temporal lags in microbial responses created by historical rainfall.