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Journal articles on the topic 'Effect of salt on'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Kim, Bo Yeon, Yoon Joo Lee, Dong-geun Shin, Soo Ryong Kim, Woo Teck Kwon, Younghee Kim, and Duck Kyun Choi. "Effect of Salt on Crystal Growth of Plate-like Alumina Particles by Molten-salt Method." Korean Chemical Engineering Research 53, no. 5 (October 1, 2015): 603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2015.53.5.603.

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2

Krajnáková, Ľ., D. Kákoniová, D. Lišková, and E. Hlinková. "The effect of benzothiazolium salt on spruce callus cells." Plant, Soil and Environment 56, No. 10 (October 20, 2010): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/149/2009-pse.

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The effect of 3-(benzyloxycarbonylmethyl)-2-benzothiazolinone (SM-550) on the growth parameters, cell division, and cell polymorphism of spruce callus cells (Picea abies L. Karst) was investigated. These results were compared with callus parameters grown on the medium supplemented with NAA. The highest concentration (1 mmol) of SM-550 stimulated the growth process, as well as cell division, shortened the lag-phase, and had a significant effect on cells polymorphism. Its effect was demonstrated especially on long-term culture (3 subcultures – 84 days). On the other hand, the highest stimulation of growth by SM-550 in 1 μmol concentration was determined only in the first subculture. SM-550 in the lowest concentration (1 nmol) used was completely unsuitable in the third subculture, the callus was necrotic and resembled to calli growing on the medium without growth hormones.

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3

Kim, Kee Hyun, Jee Hwa Kim, and Ho Sueb Song. "The Effect of Salt in Medicine for Salt Pharmacopuncture." Acupuncture 32, no. 2 (June 20, 2015): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.13045/acupunct.2015026.

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4

Zhang, Keling, Xiaohong S. Li, Haobo Chen, Prabhakar Singh, and David L. King. "Molten Salt Promoting Effect in Double Salt CO2 Absorbents." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 120, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 1089–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b10729.

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5

Partin, D. L. "Lead salt quantum effect structures." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 24, no. 8 (1988): 1716–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3.7102.

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6

FURTER, WILLIAM F. "EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION BY SALT EFFECT." Chemical Engineering Communications 116, no. 1 (August 1992): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986449208936042.

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7

Khushnudovna, Khojaniyazova Barno. "ТHE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL SALT LEVELS ON AUTUMN WHEAT GROWTH." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 02, no. 04 (April 1, 2022): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-02-04-07.

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Soil salinity i.e. the presence of a solution of salts in the soil solution above the alternative level for plants, leads to a decrease in productivity, which has a negative impact on the growth and development of wheat plants. Complex environmental conditions lead to a decrease in product quality, which is important for the economy, while reducing the yield of wheat. Improving the salinity resistance of wheat remains one of the most pressing issues today. The most effective environmentally friendly way to increase the resistance of plants to salinity is to create varieties that are resistant to these extreme conditions and to accelerate their introduction into production.

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8

Laffer, Cheryl L., Rodney J. Bolterman, Juan Carlos Romero, and Fernando Elijovich. "Effect of Salt on Isoprostanes in Salt-Sensitive Essential Hypertension." Hypertension 47, no. 3 (March 2006): 434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.0000202480.06735.82.

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9

Yan, Feiyu, Hongliang Zhao, Longmei Wu, Zhiwei Huang, Yuan Niu, Bo Qi, Linqing Zhang, et al. "Basic Cognition of Melatonin Regulation of Plant Growth under Salt Stress: A Meta-Analysis." Antioxidants 11, no. 8 (August 19, 2022): 1610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081610.

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Salt stress severely restricts the growth of plants and threatens the development of agriculture throughout the world. Worldwide studies have shown that exogenous melatonin (MT) can effectively improve the growth of plants under salt stress. Through a meta-analysis of 549 observations, this study first explored the effects of salt stress characteristics and MT application characteristics on MT regulated plant growth under salt stress. The results show that MT has a wide range of regulatory effects on plant growth indicators under salt stress, of which the regulatory effect on root indexes is the strongest, and this regulatory effect is not species-specific. The intensity of salt stress did not affect the positive effect of MT on plant growth, but the application effect of MT in soil was stronger than that in rooting medium. This meta-analysis also revealed that the foliar application of a concentration between 100–200 μM is the best condition for MT to enhance plant growth under salt stress. The results can inspire scientific research and practical production, while seeking the maximum improvement in plant salt tolerance under salt stress.

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10

Yamamoto, A., H. Sawada, I. S. Shim, K. Usui, and S. Fujihara. "Effect of salt stress on physiological response and leaf polyamine content in NERICA rice seedlings." Plant, Soil and Environment 57, No. 12 (December 1, 2011): 571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/413/2011-pse.

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NERICA is a new African rice variety, developed by the West African Rice Development Association (WARDA) in 1990s. NERICA rice shows both vigorous growth and tolerance of stressors such as drought and disease. The purpose of this study was to clarify the physiological and biochemical responses to salt stress of NERICA rice seedlings. The degree of growth inhibition caused by salt stress was small in NERICA rice varieties as compared with japonica Nipponbare. Na accumulation in leaf blades was high in salt-sensitive varieties. Accumulation of proline, a known compatible solute, was also induced by salt stress, especially in salt-sensitive varieties; it was thought that this accumulation was brought on salt-stress injury. The contents of polyamines, especially spermidine, were high in the pre-stressed leaf blades of NERICA rice seedlings. After the salt-stress treatment, the polyamine content of leaf blades differed with the degree of salt tolerance of the NERICA rice seedlings. These results suggested that the salt tolerance of NERICA rice seedlings might be associated not only with the regulation of Na absorption and translocation but also with their ability to maintain leaf polyamine levels under salt-stress conditions.  

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11

Garg, Rajesh, Bei Sun, and Jonathan Williams. "Effect of Low Salt Diet on Insulin Resistance in Salt-Sensitive Versus Salt-Resistant Hypertension." Hypertension 64, no. 6 (December 2014): 1384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03880.

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12

Abbasian, Ahmad Reza, Alireza Mahvary, and Shahram Alirezaei. "Salt-assisted solution combustion synthesis of NiFe2O4: Effect of salt type." Ceramics International 47, no. 17 (September 2021): 23794–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.05.086.

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13

KIDO, Makiko, Katsuyuki ANDO, Shigeyoshi OBA, and Toshiro FUJITA. "Renoprotective Effect of Pravastation in Salt-Loaded Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats." Hypertension Research 28, no. 12 (2005): 1009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1291/hypres.28.1009.

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14

Schmidlin, Olga, Alex Forman Anthony Sebastian, and R. Curtis Morris. "What Initiates the Pressor Effect of Salt in Salt-Sensitive Humans?" Hypertension 49, no. 5 (May 2007): 1032–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.106.084640.

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15

Zhang, Hua, Jia Wen Xu, Jian She Zhao, and Guo Ran Hua. "Green Laser Drilling Assisted with Neutral Salt Solution." Applied Mechanics and Materials 26-28 (June 2010): 698–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.26-28.698.

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Recast layer is an inherent defect commonly associated with holes produced with laser drilling. The defect is likely to limit the extent of aero industrial application. In order to solve the problem, a new processing of laser drilling assisted with neutral salt solution (SALD) has been developed to improve the overall quality of laser-drilled holes. The process bases on the application of a fluid neutral salt solution, which is being on the workpiece surface with the focused laser beam at the same time. The effects of the neutral salt solution during the process mostly consist of thermal chemical reaction and continuing cooling effect of materials. Because of green laser being weakly absorbed underwater, the experiments of SALD have been performed on 0.5mm thickness 321 stainless steel with pulsed Nd:YAG laser at second harmonic wavelength. The optical microscope is used to detect the experimental results. It is found that the recast layer has been effectively removed during the SALD compared with laser drilling in ambient atmosphere conditions. It is confirmed that the principle of SALD is right and the new process can obtain good hole quality without recast layer.

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16

Abdullah, M. F., M. F. Idris, A. Z. A. Kamal, Z. A. Kadir, M. Gunasilan, and M. F. M. Yusoff. "Corrosion Effect on Car Welded Jointed in Terms of Sea Environment Effect." Applied Mechanics and Materials 165 (April 2012): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.165.78.

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Almost 50% above parts in the car are weld jointed. Corrosion effects are main threats to all this welded part and commonly cause the mechanical failure. Corrosion effect can be more when the car or any transportation is exposed to sea environment or salt water. The objective of this study are determining the effect of corrosion and predict the degree of durability on welded joint under corrosion effect. In order to perform the corrosion, salt spray test are used to give the corrosion effect welded joint parts. 48 hours in Salt spray test can give corrosion effect equal to 5 years of industrial condition. To obtain the structural condition, the tensile test, Infinite Focus Microscope (IFM) and Metallographic test was performed to get the corrosion rate. From the experiments, it was found that the corrosion effects will increase by the times. The roughness of the surface corrosion on welded joint gives a lower durability due to failure in welded parts.

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17

Tang, Yan Chun, Jing Nian Fang, and Hui Zhou. "Study on Rock Salt Dissolving Characteristics without Stress Effect." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1440.

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Through a lot of rock salt dissolving characteristics tests without stress effect, rock salt dissolving model without stress effect has been studied. The variation of shape of rock salt solid surface has been controlled by rock salt dissolving process directly, and rock salt dissolving model without stress effect can be built by the process of exchange of materials in dissolved boundary layer; through rock salt dissolving characteristics test without stress effect under different concentration, the computing equation by dissolved mass per unit area and concentration and dissolving time has been obtained; depended on the result of test and rock salt dissolving model without stress effect, the value of diffusion coefficient of rock salt has been computed. The achieved results on this paper can provide a foundation for the further analyses of rock salt dissolving characteristics with stress effect.

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18

Graudal, N., and A. Galløe. "EFFECT OF SALT RESTRICTION ON HYPERTENSION." Lancet 334, no. 8653 (July 1989): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90275-4.

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19

Beard, TrevorC. "EFFECT OF SALT RESTRICTION ON HYPERTENSION." Lancet 334, no. 8666 (September 1989): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90861-1.

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20

Aswal, V. K. "Salt effect in ionic mixed micelles." Chemical Physics Letters 371, no. 3-4 (April 2003): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(03)00302-6.

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21

Yi, Yuan, Huang Yong, and Deng HuiPing. "Effect of Salt on Anammox Process." Procedia Environmental Sciences 10 (2011): 2036–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2011.09.319.

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22

Chen, Li-Jen, Meng-Chun Hsu, Shiang-Tai Lin, and Shr-Yi Yang. "Salt Effect on Wetting/Nonwetting Behaviors." Journal of Physical Chemistry 99, no. 13 (March 1995): 4687–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100013a046.

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23

Smalley, M. V., W. Schärtl, and T. Hashimoto. "Salt Fractionation Effect for Spherical Macroions." Langmuir 12, no. 10 (January 1996): 2340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la950400d.

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24

Beard, TrevorC. "Greenhouse effect, renal calculi, and salt." Lancet 335, no. 8686 (February 1990): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)90244-y.

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25

Subbaiah, T. "Salt effect in vapour liquid equilibria." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 57, no. 2 (April 24, 2007): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.280570211.

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26

McCormick, C. P., A. L. Rauch, and V. M. Buckalew. "Differential effect of dietary salt on renal growth in Dahl salt-sensitive and salt-resistant rats." Hypertension 13, no. 2 (February 1989): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.13.2.122.

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27

Habib, R. "Effect of salting method on salt concentration in Dhaka cheese." Progressive Agriculture 26, no. 1 (August 12, 2015): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v26i1.24520.

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This research was conducted to study the effect of salting method on salt concentration in Dhaka cheese. Dhaka cheese was made in the laboratory on pilot scale and salted either by dry salting, or salt stuffing, or brining, or their combinations. Two levels of dry salting was applied, 1% and 2%, w/w. The use of different salting method had a significant (P<0.001 to 0.05) influence on salt concentration, and distribution of salt between rind and core. Brined cheeses appeared attain a quick salt equilibrium as compared to other methods. Increasing salt content from 1 to 2% (w/w) increased the salt concentration (P <0.001). Combination of 2% (w/w) salt stuffing and brining showed significantly better (P <0.001) distribution of salt followed by only brining.Progressive Agriculture 26:79-84, 2015

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28

Hossain, M. M., and H. Nonami. "Effect of salt stress on physiological response of tomato fruit grown in hydroponic culture system." Horticultural Science 39, No. 1 (February 16, 2012): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/63/2011-hortsci.

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The effect of salt stress on physiological response of hydroponically grown tomato fruit was investigated. Fruit growth rate, water status, cuticle permeability and induction of blossom-end rot (BER) of tomato fruit were considered for this study. Salt stress was applied by using Ca salt treatment and it plays an important role on all parameters studied in this experiment. Fruit growth rate, predawn water potential, osmotic potential and cuticle permeability were significantly lower in treated plants than in control plants. On the other hand, tissue turgor of control and treated fruit showed almost similar values 12 days after flowering (DAF). This result indicated that turgor was osmotically regulated in fruit under stress condition. Fruit growth rate was found to decline from 12 DAF and eventually ceased when BER externally appeared on fruit surface at the age of 19 DAF in this experiment. The reduction of growth rate coincided with the reduction of water potential in fruit tissue due to salt stress. Although BER externally appeared at 19 DAF anatomical investigation showed that intercellular air space becomes discoloured at least one week before external symptoms appeared on fruit tip. Different levels of cuticular permeability indicated that the deposition of cuticular wax on fruit surface was enhanced by the salt stress condition in tomato fruit. Since, BER was found to appear on fruit tip under high calcium concentration in solution it can be concluded that calcium deficiency was not the only the cause of BER in tomato, rather salt stress might alter metabolic activity in developing tomato fruit.

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29

Zuo, Zhiyu, Fan Ye, Zongshuai Wang, Shuxin Li, Hui Li, Junhong Guo, Hanping Mao, Xiancan Zhu, and Xiangnan Li. "Salt acclimation induced salt tolerance in wild-type and chlorophyl b-deficient mutant wheat." Plant, Soil and Environment 67, No. 1 (January 11, 2021): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/429/2020-pse.

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Salt acclimation can promote the tolerance of wheat plants to the subsequent salt stress, which may be related to the responses of the photosynthetic apparatus. The chlorophyl (Chl) b-deficient mutant wheat ANK 32B and its wild type (WT) were firstly saltly acclimated with 30 mmol NaCl for 12 days, then subsequently subjected to 6-day salt stress (500 mmol NaCl). The ANK 32B mutant plants had lower Chl b concentration, which was manifested in the lower total Chl concentration, higher ratio of Chl a/b and in reduced photosynthetic activity (P<sub>n</sub>). The effect of salt acclimation was manifested mainly after salt stress. Compared to non-acclimated plants, the salt acclimation increased the leaf water potential, osmotic potential (Ψ<sub>o</sub>) and K concentration, while decreased the amount of Na<sup>+</sup> and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in WT and ANK 32B under salt stress, except for Ψ<sub>o</sub> in ANK 32B. In addition, the salt acclimation enhanced the APX (ascorbate peroxidase) activity by 10.55% and 33.69% in WT and ANK 32B under salt stress, respectively. Compared to the genotypes, under salt stress, the Ψ<sub>o</sub>, F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub>, P<sub>n</sub> and g<sub>s</sub> of mutant plants were 5.60, 17.62, 46.73 and 26.41% lower than that of WT, respectively. These results indicated that although the salt acclimation could alleviate the negative consequences of salt stress, it is mainly manifested in the WT, and the ANK 32B plants had lower salt tolerance than WT plants, suggesting that lower Chl b concentration has a negative effect on the salt acclimation induced salt tolerance in wheat.

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30

Rysová, Jana, and Zuzana Šmídová. "Effect of Salt Content Reduction on Food Processing Technology." Foods 10, no. 9 (September 21, 2021): 2237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092237.

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Higher salt intake is associated with the risk of cardiovascular and kidney diseases, hypertension and gastric cancer. Salt intake reduction represents an effective way to improve people’s health, either by the right choice of food or by a reduction of added salt. Salt substitutes are often used and also herb homogenates are treated by high pressure technology. Salt reduction significantly influences the shelf life, texture, pH, taste, and aroma of cheese. The composition of emulsifying salts or starter cultures must be modified to enact changes in microbial diversity, protease activity and the ripening process. The texture becomes softer and aroma atypical. In bakery products, a salt reduction of only 20–30% is acceptable. Water absorption, dough development, length and intensity of kneading and stability of dough are changed. Gluten development and its viscoelastic properties are affected. The salt reduction promotes yeast growth and CO2 production. Specific volume and crust colour intensity decreased, and the crumb porosity changed. In meat products, salt provides flavour, texture, and shelf life, and water activity increases. In this case, myofibrillar proteins’ solubility, water binding activity and colour intensity changes were found. The composition of curing nitrite salt mixtures and starter cultures must be modified.

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31

Ozhovan, N. V. "Effect of salt filling of bitumen-salt composites on their water resistance." Soviet Atomic Energy 70, no. 2 (February 1991): 173–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01121867.

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32

Hsieh, Yi-Ling, Jeremy M. Merritt, Weili Yu, and Lynne S. Taylor. "Salt Stability – The Effect of pHmax on Salt to Free Base Conversion." Pharmaceutical Research 32, no. 9 (April 15, 2015): 3110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-015-1691-5.

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33

Tootoonchi, Mohsen, and Lyn A. Gettys. "Testing salt stress on aquatic plants: effect of salt source and substrate." Aquatic Ecology 53, no. 3 (April 9, 2019): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10452-019-09692-6.

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34

Kumar, Gonugodugu Praveen, Martin Xavier K. A., Binaya Bhusan Nayak, Sanath Kumar H., Gudipati Venkateshwarlu, and Amjad K. Balange. "Effect of Salting on Mechanical Drying of Pangasius hypophthalmus." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 13, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2022.2673.

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A study was conducted during 2016 to evaluate the effect of salt and mechanical drying on Pangasius at Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Andheri, Mumbai, India. In this study, the salted and unsalted Pangasius was mechanically dried at 60°C temperature and the quality of the dried Pangasius was evaluated. The quality parameters include the changes in proximate composition, physicochemical parameters [total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN), peroxide value (PV), free fatty acid (FFA), pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), salt, water activity], microbial enumeration (total viable count (TVC), Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp.) and sensory evaluation. The colour characteristics, percentage yield and storage stability of the product was also evaluated. From the results, it was observed that the protein and ash content of unsalted dried Pangasius was higher than salt dried Pangasius. From the results of physicochemical changes, it was observed that PV, FFA, TVBN, TBARS and salt content were higher in salt dried Pangasius. The TVBN, PV and salt content of salt dried Pangasius were 24.75 mg N 100 g-1, 4.17 meq O2 kg-1 fat and 14.55% respectively which were higher than the Unsaltd dried Pangasius. The salt dried Pangasius had higher L* value but lower a* and b* value than unsalted dried Pangasius. The unsalted dried Pangasius was unstable during storage whereas salt dried Pangasius was stable. Based on the results, it was concluded that salt drying is the most effective method of preservation for drying Pangasius at 60°C.

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35

Chen, Weiwei, and Yuhu Luo. "The Effect of Salt-dissolving Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria on the Growth of Pepper." Frontiers in Sustainable Development 3, no. 11 (November 21, 2023): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fsd.v3i11.5727.

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Soil salinization is increasing, which seriously threatens the local ecological environment security and affects the development of social economy. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is the bacterial population isolated from rhizosphere soil that has a growth-promoting effect on plants, which is of great significance for improving salt stress. In this study, pepper was used as the research object, and the effect of salt-dissolving and growth-promoting bacteria on pepper plants was studied by pot experiment. A total of 7 treatments were set up, 0 % salt sterility ( CK-0 % ), 0.5 % salt sterility ( CK-0.5 % ), 0 % salt-hydrolyzed salt-promoted strains ( C-0 % ), 0.5 % salt-hydrolyzed salt-promoted strains ( C-0.5 % ), 1 % salt-hydrolyzed salt-promoted strains ( C-1.0 % ), 2.0 % salt-hydrolyzed salt-promoted strains ( C-2.0 % ), 5.0 % salt-hydrolyzed salt-promoted strains ( C-5.0 % ). The results showed that : ( 1 ) The germination rate of pepper seeds inoculated with salt-dissolving and growth-promoting strains was significantly increased, and the salt concentration in the soil had no significant effect on the germination rate of pepper seeds. ( 2 ) Inoculation of salt-solubilizing growth-promoting strains and salt concentration in soil also had no significant effect on the plant height of pepper seeds. ( 3 ) The fresh weight and dry weight of pepper plants inoculated with salt-solubilizing and growth-promoting strains were significantly increased. This study has important scientific and theoretical significance for the more rational application of Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.

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36

Śmiechowska, Maria, and Millena Ruszkowska. "Effect of storage on the quality parameters of sea salt." Zywnosc Nauka Technologia Jakosc/Food Science Technology Quality 128, no. 3 (2021): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15193/zntj/2021/128/395.

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Table salt (sodium chloride) is one of the most commonly occurring compounds on Earth. Sea salt is produced by the evaporation of sea water. Because of its origin, this type of salt is distinguished by a natural content of iodine and other valuable minerals (lithium, magnesium, zinc and selenium). Sea salt has a more distinctive taste compared to table salt, so that smaller amounts thereof can be used and, owing to its relatively low sodium content, it is considered to be the healthiest type of salt. The natural sea salt crystals impede the packaging and storage processes and also its dissolution during the technological process or during the food preparation by consumers in domestic conditions. Thus, the objective of the research study was to assess the effect of storage on the quality parameters of crystalline (commercial) and finely ground sea salt. The research material consisted of 6 sea salt samples, which were assessed in a crystalline (CH) and ground (RH) forms immediately after purchase and after 12 months of storage – crystalline (CP) and ground (RP) sea salt samples. The quality assessment of the sea salt samples was made on the basis of the following: water content and water activity, colour assessment, determination of loose (bulk) and tapped density, and static and kinetic angle of repose measured. On the basis of the analyses performed, statistically significant differences were found between the crystalline and ground salt samples taken from the purchased and stored packets; those differences were found in the L* colour parameter (brightness), the value of the Hausner ratio, and the values of the static and kinetic angle of repose. The performed quality assessment of the stored ground sea salt samples might constitute potential recommendations for both the consumers and the food technologists in various branches of the food industry.

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37

Chen, Jie. "The mechanical characteristic of rock salt under uniaxial compression with low temperature effect." Functional materials 23, no. 3 (September 27, 2016): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm23.03.433.

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38

Praneeksha Ravichandran, Dhanraj Ganapathy, and Keerthi Sasanka. "Awareness on usage of iodized salt and its treatment effect among dental students." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (September 18, 2020): 840–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.3033.

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Iodised salt is table salt mixed with minute amounts of the element iodine. The ingestion of iodine prevents iodine deficiency. Worldwide, iodine deficiency affects about two billion people and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual and development disabilities. To create awareness among dental students on the iodizied salt and its treatment effect on iodine deficiency. The questionnaire was based on the observational cross-sectional type of study comprising 100 dental students from the Saveetha Dental College. A self-administered questionnaire was given to the students. It was designed to collect data on the use of iodized salt among dental students through an online survey mode containing a set of 10 questions about the use of iodized salt and is a yes or no type. The results were evaluated based on the answers given by the participants. 84% of the dental students use iodised salt, which is more than half but still, the rest of them did not use iodized salt. 26% of dental students have an iodine deficiency. 83% of the students use iodized salt for cooking. 61 % of the students think that iodised salt is healthy. 32%students have answered that sea salt and 7% Himalayan salt is healthy. 65% of the dental students were aware of average salt consumption per day. Majority of the dental students were aware of iodized salt and its treatment effect on iodine deficiency. However, more needs to create on its adverse effects and its role in dietary intake of iodine.

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39

Sutters, M., R. Duncan, and W. S. Peart. "Effect of Dietary Salt Restriction on Renal Sensitivity to Vasopressin in Man." Clinical Science 89, no. 1 (July 1, 1995): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0890037.

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1. We have previously described a progressive antidiuresis in response to low-dose vasopressin infusion during salt restriction in man, despite stable or even declining plasma vasopressin concentration. In the present study we examine the hypothesis that renal sensitivity to the antidiuretic effect of arginine vasopressin may be enhanced by salt restriction. 2. Extremely low-dose infusions of arginine vasopressin were given to normal subjects after equilibration to high (260 mmol/day) and low (20 mmol/day) sodium intakes. 3. Salt restriction increased the antidiuretic effect of arginine vasopressin (2 fmol min−1 kg−1 arginine vasopressin increased urine osmolality from 67.8 ± 2.6 to 196.3 ± 35.7 mosmol/l in the high-salt study and from 268.3 ± 49 mosmol/l in the low-salt study; P < 0.05 between sodium intakes). Glomerular filtration rate, estimated from inulin clearance, was unchanged during arginine vasopressin infusion irrespective of salt intake (high salt 116.5 ± 9.4 to 118.9 ± 6.4 ml/min; low salt, 135.1 ± 9.2 to 111.2 ± 12.4 ml/min). Renal plasma flow, estimated from para-aminohippurate clearance, fell further during infusion of 2 fmol min−1 kg−1 arginine vasopressin in the low-salt study than in the high-salt study (low salt, from 555.7 ± 22.7 to 298.3 ± 27.6 ml/min; high salt, from 544.5 ± 30.2 to 452.9 ± 28.9 ml/min; P < 0.05 between sodium intakes). 4. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration increased during infusion of 2 fmol min−1 kg−1 arginine vasopressin in the low-salt study (to 136.5% ± 19.9% of baseline, P < 0.05), if anything falling in the high-salt study (to 90.5% ± 13.6% of baseline). Packed cell volume fell during arginine vasopressin infusion in the low-salt study (high salt, to 98.2% ± 0.4% of baseline; low salt, to 95.7% ± 0.4% of baseline, P < 0.05 for the low-salt study only). 5. Plasma arginine vasopressin concentration was constant throughout each study (high salt 0.48 ± 0.12 to 0.48 ± 0.1 pmol/l; low salt, 0.38 ± 0.05 to 0.4 ± 0.04 pmol/l). 6. Our findings suggest that renal sensitivity to the hydro-osmotic and vascular effects of arginine vasopressin is enhanced by salt restriction.

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Zuo, Zhiyu, Junhong Guo, Caiyun Xin, Shengqun Liu, Hanping Mao, Yongjun Wang, and Xiangnan Li. "Salt acclimation induced salt tolerance in wild-type and abscisic acid-deficient mutant barley." Plant, Soil and Environment 65, No. 10 (November 5, 2019): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/506/2019-pse.

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Salt acclimation is a process to enhance salt tolerance in plants. The salt acclimation induced salt tolerance was investigated in a spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. Steptoe (wild type, WT) and its abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutant Az34. Endogenesis ABA concentration in leaf was significantly increased by salt stress in WT, while it was not affected in Az34. Under salt stress, the salt acclimated Az34 plants had 14.8% lower total soluble sugar concentration and 93.7% higher sodium (Na) concentration in leaf, compared with salt acclimated WT plants. The acclimated plants had significantly higher leaf water potential and osmotic potential than non-acclimated plants in both WT and Az34 under salt stress. The salt acclimation enhanced the net photosynthetic rate (by 22.9% and 12.3%) and the maximum quantum yield of PS II (22.7% and 22.0%) in WT and Az34 under salt stress. However, the stomatal conductance in salt acclimated Az34 plants was 28.9% lower than WT under salt stress. Besides, the guard cell pair width was significantly higher in salt acclimated Az34 plants than that in WT plants. The results indicated that the salt acclimated WT plants showed a higher salt tolerance than Az34 plants, suggesting that ABA deficiency has a negative effect on the salt acclimation induced salt tolerance in barley.

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Maekawa, Tatsuya, Tomohiko Sasase, Masami Shinohara, and Takeshi Ohta. "Morphological analysis of the retina in salt-loaded KK-Ay mice, obese and type 2 diabetic model." JSMARTech 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 011–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jsmartech.2022.003.01.11.

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Retinopathy, one of the microvascular complications in diabetes, can cause blindness. Salt-loading is known to exacerbate microvascular damage and may affect retinopathy. In this study, we investigated the effect of salt loading on early lesions of diabetic retinopathy. Male C57BL/6 and KK-Ay mice were salt-loaded with 1% sodium chloride (NaCl)-containing drinking water for 12 weeks. In addition, to determine the effects of high fat and high sucrose, a high fat/high sucrose diet was also fed to the 1% NaCl-loaded group of mice of both strains. Retinal thickness was measured at an arbitrary location from the optic nerve disc, and thinning of the retina was observed in KK-Ay mice compared to C57BL/6 mice. Salt-loading caused retinal thinning in C57BL/6 mice, but not in KK-Ay mice. In KK-Ay mice, the effect of salt-loading may have been masked by the effects of obesity and diabetic status during this experimental period. There was also a small effect of QF on the retina, suggesting that dietary components other than salt loading may affect retinopathy.

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Chowaniec, Karolina, and Kaja Rola. "Evaluation of the importance of ionic and osmotic components of salt stress on the photosynthetic efficiency of epiphytic lichens." Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 28, no. 1 (January 2022): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12298-022-01134-2.

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AbstractSalt stress can significantly disrupt the functioning of lichens which are self-sufficient symbiotic organisms inhabiting various severe environments. The aim was to test the effect of salt and sucrose on the photosynthetic efficiency of two selected epiphytic lichens inhabiting the interior of the land. Firstly, we compared the effect of salt and sucrose solutions of different concentrations. Secondly, the effect of salt and sucrose solutions with identical osmotic pressures was compared. The results showed that short-term salt stress leads to a significant reduction of FV/FM, greater changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and OJIP transients compared to the osmotic effects induced by sucrose. This proved that the negative impact of salt stress is associated primarily with ionic effects. The most symptomatic effect of the ionic stress was a significant reduction of the utilisation of trapped energy in electron transport and thereby down-regulation of electron transfer. Since lichens are resistant to a temporary lack of water, ionic stress could have more serious consequences than osmotic stress itself. Hypogymnia physodes was more sensitive to salt stress than Pseudevernia furfuracea, but the reduction of photosynthetic efficiency was not permanent since after 24 h FV/FM returned to the level characteristic for healthy lichens. Nevertheless, repeated exposure to salt may reduce the vitality of lichens growing along communication routes sprinkled with salt in the winter season. Finally, the changes in certain JIP-test parameters were stronger than FV/FM, thus they could be better indicators of salt stress in lichens.

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Johnson, M. D., and B. K. Richmond. "Effect of naloxone on hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 262, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): H162—H167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.262.1.h162.

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Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that chronic administration of an opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, would affect the outcome of the developmental phase of hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive (S/JR strain) rats. Accordingly, S/JR rats were maintained on either a low-salt (0.45% NaCl) or a high-salt (7% NaCl) diet for 4 wk. Half of the animals of each dietary group were treated with naloxone (100-130 micrograms/h) by osmotic minipump. Food and water intakes of the high-salt animals were measured for the first 25 days, and blood pressure was measured at the end of the 4 wk via an indwelling femoral arterial catheter. Naloxone treatment slightly but significantly reduced the level of hypertension attained in the high-salt animals (158 +/- 2 mmHg in naloxone-treated animals vs. 168 +/- 3 mmHg in control animals; P less than 0.05) and also attenuated food (and hence salt) and water intakes. Naloxone did not affect the blood pressure of the low-salt animals. To determine whether the slight attenuation of hypertension might be secondary to a reduction of salt intake, a group of control S/JR animals were fed a moderately high-salt diet (2% NaCl), and naloxone-treated S/JR animals were salt-intake matched to this group by daily adjustment of the dietary salt content. Blood pressures after 4 wk of treatment were not different between these two groups. Finally, acute administration of 1 and 30 mg/kg of naloxone failed to lower blood pressure of animals with established hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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James, Kimberley R., Barry T. Hart, Paul C. E. Bailey, and Dean W. Blinn. "Impact of secondary salinisation on freshwater ecosystems: effect of experimentally increased salinity on an intermittent floodplain wetland." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 3 (2009): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08099.

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Intermittent wetlands are particularly at risk from secondary salinisation because salts are concentrated during drawdown. We conducted a field experiment to examine the effect of adding salt at two different concentrations (to achieve nominal conductivities of 1000 μS cm–1 (low salt) and 3000 μS cm–1 (high salt)) on water quality, freshwater plants and epiphytic diatoms in an intermittent wetland during a 3.3-month drawdown. Conductivity increased to 3000 and 8500 μS cm–1 in low-salt and high-salt treatments respectively. Salt was apparently lost to the sediments, causing protons to be released from the sediments and reducing water column pH from 6.9 to 5.5 in the low-salt treatment and to 4.0 in the high-salt treatments. Forty days after adding the salt, biomass, %cover and flower production in Potamogeton cheesmanii were significantly reduced, whereas Amphibromus fluitans was not significantly affected. The salt effect on Triglochin procera was intermediate between the other two macrophytes. Significant reductions in the density, species richness and diversity of epiphytic diatoms occurred in the high-salt, but not in the low-salt, treatments. Our work shows that increases in salinity, and thus conductivity (up to 8500 μS cm–1), in low-alkalinity intermittent wetlands can change water quality, with significant adverse effects on some macrophyte and diatom communities.

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Shurdjanov, Jamshid D., and In Soo Kim. "Nitriding Effect of NaNO₃ Salt in Duplex Stainless Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 851 (August 2016): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.851.106.

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Duplex stainless steel was nitrided by sodium nitrate, NaNO3, salt bath from 592°C to 650°C for 1 to 10 hours. The microstructure, microhardness and tensile strength were investigated after nitriding of duplex stainless steel sheets. Microhardness of sample was increased from 279.7 HV to 296 HV after nitriding in bath of NaNO3+4.8%NaCl salt at 650°C for 8 hours. Tensile strength was increased from 880 to 939.36 MPa and elongation of duplex stainless steel sheet was decreased from 42% to 38% after nitriding in salt bath of NaNO3 at 650°C for 8 hours. The nitriding effect of NaNO3 salt is similar with KNO3 salt in duplex stainless steel sheet. NaNO3 salt is cheaper than KNO3 salt. Therefore, NaNO3 salt is more economical than KNO3 salt to nitride duplex stainless steel.

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Stevens, David A., Ioly Kotta-Loizou, Marife Martinez, Robert H. A. Coutts, and Gabriele Sass. "Virus Infection Impairs Fungal Response to Stress: Effect of Salt." Viruses 15, no. 3 (March 10, 2023): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15030718.

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Infection with Aspergillus fumigatus polymycovirus 1 (AfuPmV-1) weakens the resistance of biofilms of common A. fumigatus reference strain Af293 in intermicrobial competition with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and sensitizes A. fumigatus for antifungal effects of nikkomycin Z. We compared the sensitivity of two virus-infected (VI) and one virus-free (VF) Af293 strains to hypertonic salt. Salt stress impairs the growth of VI and VF at all times; VF control growth always exceeds VI, and VF growth in salt always exceeds VI. Since VF growth exceeds VI in the presence and absence of salt, we also examined growth in salt as a percentage of control growth. Initially, as a percentage of control, VI exceeded VF, but at 120 h VF began to exceed VI consistently even by this measure; thus, at that time the growth of VF in salt surges in relation to control growth, or, alternatively, its growth in salt persists compared to the relative inhibition of VI. In summary, virus infection impairs the response of A. fumigatus to several different stresses, including hypertonic salt.

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Anjum, Kaukab, Asma Ali, and Uzma Shahid. "PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ZINC;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 04 (April 6, 2017): 580–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.04.1455.

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Background: Nutrition is an important determinant of bone health. Micronutrients,other than calcium has been paid less attention to-date in the prevention and treatment of bonediseases. Objective: To evaluate the protective effect of zinc on high salt induced gross changesin humerus and femur of rats. Study design: Analytical control randomized trial. Place andduration of study: Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi, hosted the research withthe cooperation of National Institute of Health; Islamabad. The study was approved by Ethicalreview committee of Riphah international university before its initiation. It took six months tocomplete the research (Sep 2015-March 2016). Material and methods: Forty five adult femaleSprague Dawley, 10-12 weeks old rats were used in the study. Three groups were made, eachhaving fifteen rats. Control group C (N=15) received laboratory diet without any alteration.Experimental group A (N=15) were served with high salt diet (8%NaCl) whereas experimentalgroup B (N=15) animals were given high salt diet augmented with zinc (50mg/kg/day).Allgroups were given the diet for eight weeks. Animals were weighed at the start and end ofstudy after which they were sacrificed. Left humeri and femora of all rats were obtained. Weightand mid shaft diameters of bones were recorded. The results were compiled after comparisonamongst all the groups. Results: Marked gross changes were witnessed in experimentalgroups. These changes were of greater severity in high salt diet group as compared to the zincsupplemented group in which reverse beneficial effects were noticed. After zinc administration,there was substantial increase in the weight of animals and bones with concurrent increase inmid shaft diameters. Conclusion: Zinc has a Protective role against high salt induced damageon the gross parameters of bones.

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Su, Meng Xu, Min Zhang, Ying Liu, and Zhan Jiang Han. "Abscisic Acid, Paclobutrazol, and Salicylic Acid Alleviate Salt Stress in Populus talassica × Populus euphratica by Modulating Plant Root Architecture, Photosynthesis, and the Antioxidant Defense System." Forests 13, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 1864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13111864.

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The exogenous plant growth regulators (PGRs) represent a useful strategy for reducing the adverse effects of salt stress in plants. In order to investigate the regulatory effect of exogenous PGRs on the salt tolerance of Populus talassica × Populus euphratica seedlings, in this study, the effects of different foliar spray concentrations of ABA (5 mg·L−1, 15 mg·L−1, 25 mg·L−1), PP333 (300 mg·L−1, 900 mg·L−1, 1500 mg·L−1), and SA (40 mg·L−1, 120 mg·L−1, 200 mg·L−1) on P. talassica × P. euphratica seedlings under salt stress (soil salt concentration of 2%) were determined. The results showed that the dry weight, total root length, root surface area, root volume, total Chl content, and photosynthetic parameters of P. talassica × P. euphratica seedlings significantly decreased under salt stress and increased their contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2−), free proline (Pro), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD). However, ABA, PP333, and SA can mitigate the adverse effects of salt stress on these indicators. Especially, the 15 mg·L−1 ABA, 900 mg·L−1 PP333, and 120 mg·L−1 SA treatments had the best effect on alleviating salt stress, with significant increases in dry weight, root parameters, total Chl content, and the photosynthetic parameters of the P. talassica × P. euphratica seedlings, improving their photosynthetic characteristics; meanwhile, increased Pro content and enzyme activity and decreased MDA, H2O2, and O2− content protected the integrity of membrane system and enhanced the salt tolerance of the seedlings. SA resulted in a better ameliorative effect on salt stress compared to ABA and PP333.

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Miracle, Cynthia M., Timo Rieg, Hadi Mansoury, Volker Vallon, and Scott C. Thomson. "Ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor eliminates hyperresponsiveness of the early diabetic proximal tubule to dietary salt." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 295, no. 4 (October 2008): F995—F1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00491.2007.

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Heightened sensitivity of the diabetic proximal tubule to dietary salt leads to a paradoxical effect of salt on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) via tubuloglomerular feedback. Diabetic hyperfiltration is a feedback response to growth and hyperreabsorption by the proximal tubule. The present studies were performed to determine whether growth and hyperfunction of the proximal tubule are essential for its hyperresponsiveness to dietary salt and, hence, to the paradoxical effect of dietary salt on GFR. Micropuncture was performed in four groups of inactin-anesthetized Wistar rats after 10 days of streptozotocin diabetes drinking tap water or 1% NaCl. Kidney growth was suppressed with ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibitor, DFMO (200 mg·kg−1·day−1), or placebo. Single nephron GFR (SNGFR) was manipulated by perfusing Henle's loop so that proximal reabsorption ( Jprox) could be expressed as a function of SNGFR in each nephron, dissociating primary effects on the tubule from the effects of glomerulotubular balance. Alone, DFMO or high salt reduced SNGFR and suppressed Jprox independent of SNGFR. Suppression of Jprox was eliminated and SNGFR increased when high salt was given to rats receiving DFMO. ODC is necessary for hyperresponsiveness of the proximal tubule to dietary salt and for the paradoxical effect of dietary salt on GFR in early diabetes. This coupling of effects adds to the body of evidence that feedback from the proximal tubule is the principal governor of glomerular filtration in early diabetes.

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Kwon, Sang Woon, Si Woo Park, and Sung Jai Lee. "Effect of Deposit on the Evaporation Rate of Adhered Salt in Uranium Dendrite." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2020 (July 8, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8866234.

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Electrorefining is a key step in pyroprocessing. The solid cathode processing is necessary to separate the salt from the cathode of the electrorefiner since the uranium deposit in a solid cathode contains electrolyte salt. Moreover, it is very important to increase the throughput of the salt separation system due to the high uranium content of the spent nuclear fuel and high salt fraction of uranium dendrites. Therefore, in this study, the effect of deposit on the evaporation of the adhered salt in a uranium deposit was investigated by using the samples of salt in the uranium deposit and salt in the deposit of the surrogate material for the effective separation of the salt. It was found that the salt evaporation rate is dependent on the deposit type and bulk density in the crucible. Additionally, the evaporation rate was found to be lower when the deposit structure is complex; the rate also decreases as the bulk density of the deposit is increased owing to the retardation of the salt vapour transport process. It was concluded that the mass transfer of the salt vapour is an important parameter for the achievement of a high throughput performance in the salt distillation process.

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