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Bryans, Robert T. "Christian theological attitudes vis-a-vis Islam : the effect on West-Muslim relations /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Dec%5FBryans.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2002.Thesis advisor(s): Glenn E. Robinson, Kenneth J. Hagan. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-82). Also available online.
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Morgenstern, Ariel. "Thou Shall Not Kill: Analyzing Democracy's Moderating Effect on Violent Religious Supremacy in Islam." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/30.
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This research examines the commonly explicated theory that democracy is a moderating force on the public’s support for terrorism. Specifically, I test the hypothesis that living in a democracy will decrease support for terror in Muslim populations. I analyze survey data on support for terrorism from the 2006 Pew Global Attitudes Survey, which has data from 10 nations. I use an ordered logistic regression model to test what determines support for terrorism. The results show that democracy negatively correlates with support for terror. Additionally, I find that opinions toward US policy in the region, including the ‘Global War on Terror’ and US support for Israel, do not correlate with support for terrorism. The results inform our understanding of why certain members of Muslim society that do not engage in acts of violence against civilians in defense of Islam support terror none-the-less.
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Raza, Fatima. "Shifting Ideals, Violent Ordeals: Pakistan's Ideological Shift and its Effects on Sectarian Violence." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/408501.
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The Islamic Republic of Pakistan was initially conceived as a secular state by its founding fathers. Over time, the state has experienced a shift from secularism to a political ideology based on a Sunni manifestation of Islam, resulting in the exacerbation of sectarian violence. Sectarianism has now become one of the key problems plaguing Pakistan’s political stability and viability. This thesis seeks to understand how this shift occurred. It will analyse the problem of sectarian violence in Pakistan in relation to the global and national emergence of Islam with a particular political orientation. This manifestation of Islam will be referred to as Islamism. This thesis will argue that it was within the climate of a global resurgence of Islam that a conservative Sunni Islam infiltrated the political and social structures of Pakistan and this provided the conditions for sectarianism to worsen. In demonstrating this argument, the thesis employs a four-part framework, analysing the legal, educational, political and geo-political factors underlying the Islamisation of Pakistan. By using a qualitative methodology based on a single case study approach, this thesis analyses the ideological shift of Pakistan from secularism towards Islamism and the resultant effects on sectarian violence. This shift in Pakistan from its initial secular conception to one steeped in a conservative Sunni Islamist ideology and the effects of the shift on sectarianism has not been adequately addressed within the academic literature regarding Pakistan. This thesis aims to bridge this gap, holding important insights and implications for academics, policy makers and students of Pakistan. By providing an analysis of the ideological shift of the state and its effects on sectarian violence this thesis will present a novel approach to understanding Pakistan and its internal problems.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Govt & Int Relations
Griffith Business School
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Jamil, Hashim M. "The Effect of Culture and Islam on the Use of International Financial Reporting Standards: Case of the Middle East." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1051.
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This paper investigates by analyzing the Middle East, whether culture, with the significant influence of Islam, hinders the use of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Doctrines within the Islamic faith creates irreconcilable accounting practices that do not comply with IFRS. The two primary features of Islam that distinguishes Islamic accounting from conventional accounting, are the tenets of zakat and riba. Ultimately this paper discusses how these principles cause hindrance in the use of IFRS.
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Michael, Valentina Michelle. "Framing Terrorism and its Effects on Attitudes toward Islam: An Experiment." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1565037293908395.
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Wang, Sissel Eltvik. "Er Islam og demokrati forenelig? : en analyse av religionens effekt på menneskers demokratiske verdier." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for sosiologi og statsvitenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-21919.
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Fortier, Amanda L. "The effects of Islam on the goverment policies of Britain, France, and the Netherlands." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1259.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
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Khan, Amal. "The effects of Islam on the political structure of : Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1431.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
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Khan, Sabithulla. "American Muslim Philanthropy in Flux: Effects of Community Building and Identity Formation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/75117.
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American Muslim Philanthropy in flux is concerned with several interlinked ideas. From a discussion of how American Muslim communities have emerged, to the role of identity and philanthropy in creating them, this study is a careful examination of the central role that philanthropy has played in these processes. While mainstream American discourses have had and continue to have a profound impact on how religiously inspired giving occurs, recent scholarship has shown that the ways in which religious giving is changing in America is quite unique. Several discourses impact how we understand charity and philanthropy, including, but not limited to those of religion, economy, social policy etc. I argue, through the papers that comprise this dissertation that philanthropy has a key role in how community is shaped among American Muslims and also that new formulations of philanthropic giving are emerging, that are moving in the direction of more strategic giving, incorporating ideals of a marketized, consumer driven philanthropy. The discourses of giving are impacting practices and I suggest that a close examination of organizational discourses will help us understand how American Muslim identity, civil society and philanthropy are being formulated.Ph. D.
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Richardson, David Lee. "Highlighting effects of current globalization tenets, namely democracy, capitalism, and cultural transformation, on the Arab Islamic Middle East." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Jun/09Jun%5FRichardson.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Looney, Robert ; Kadhim, Abbas. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on 13 July 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Middle East, globalization, democracy, capitalism, cultural, Islam, Arabs, Muslims, terrorism. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-119). Also available in print.
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Kirwin, Matthew. "The Socio-Political Effects of Nigerian Shari’a on Niger." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1090266448.
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Warren, Roger Patrick. "Forged in the crucible of defensive jihad : Arab foreign fighters and their trajectory to involvement in Islamist terrorism." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11567.
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This thesis challenges the conventional wisdom that tends to conflate Arab foreign fighters with Islamist terrorists, and ‘martyrdom operations' with ‘suicide attacks.' Overlaps notwithstanding, it aims to draw distinctions between Arab foreign fighters engaged in defensive jihad defending co-religionists against a military foe, and Islamist terrorists engaged in terrorism that indiscriminately targets civilians and non-combatants. Critically, while disaggregating the two transnational cohorts, this thesis also illuminates the nexus between them. It draws on a thesis dataset of 3,010 Arab foreign fighters compiled using biographies, martyrdom eulogies, and postings on ‘jihadi' websites, in both English and Arabic. This dataset is then used to support three case studies involving the defensive jihads in 1980s Afghanistan, Iraq (post 2003), and Syria (post 2011). It leverages a theoretical framework based on the concept of radicalisation and the language of political Islam, whilst concurrently drawing on theories from psychology and historical military examples of combat, germane to defensive jihad and Islamist terrorism. The thesis concludes that Arab foreign fighters involved in defensive jihad employ martyrdom operations against military targets, through tactical necessity. Conversely, Islamist terrorists employ suicide attacks against civilians and non-combatants, through ideological necessity. The trajectory between the two transnational mobilisations appears to be broadly underpinned by facets of the Lucifer Effect – the situational factors encountered whilst participating in defensive jihad, including but not limited to, the experience of close combat in a war zone; being subjected to ideological indoctrination; and being exposed to charismatic authority and obedience to it. This suggests that subsequent involvement in Islamist terrorism by some Arab foreign fighters is primarily forged in the crucible of defensive jihad. Such findings should result in the crafting of more individualised de-radicalisation and rehabilitation programmes for returning foreign fighters, in both the West and the Arab world.
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Karakus, Hakan. "Turkey and the European Union (EU) : Kemalism's effects on the road to the EU /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FKarakus.pdf.
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Bronoske, Bruce Leonard. "A comparative study of the self-revelation of Jesus found in the canonical New Testament and the Jesus of the Qur'an, and the effect a Muslim seeker's understanding of Jesus has upon their decision to convert to Christianity." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p106-0001.
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Rodriguez-Rey, Patricia. "A balancing act anti-terror financing guidelines and their effects on Islamic charities." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FRodriguez%5FRey.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Harold Trinkunas, Abbas Kadhim. "December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-84). Also available in print.
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Alabed, Hadhom Mohamed. "The effects of fasting for a single day, and during Ramadan, upon performance." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2010. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5958/.
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Ramadan requires individuals to abstain from food and fluid intake between sunrise and sunset; physiological considerations predict that poorer mood, physical performance and mental performance will result. In addition, any difficulties will be worsened because preparations for fasting and recovery from it often mean that nocturnal sleep is decreased in length, and this independently affects mood and performance. Previous field studies have indicated that some of these predictions are borne out in practice; in the first study of the present thesis, a field study performed in Libya, these predictions were tested further by adding more physiological measurements and tests of performance. Findings indicated that Ramadan was associated with negative effects upon a wide range of variables, including rising urine daytime osmolality (indicative of progressive dehydration), subjective estimates of amounts of activities actually performed and those wished to be done (indicating less activity in the daytime), and metabolic and subjective responses to a short bout of exercise (increased effort required and metabolism tending towards fat rather than glucose catabolism). Because of the difficulties of performing a battery of tasks in a field study, two laboratory-based experiments were then performed, the second differing from the first in studying a greater range of variables and more time-points during the daytime. These two studies also differed from the situation in Ramadan in that non-Muslim students were volunteers and fasting was performed for only one day. Many of the changes previously found in Ramadan were duplicated in this work, so justifying the use of laboratory experiments lasting one day and using non-Muslim subjects as a model for some of the problems present in Ramadan. However, it was also found that preparations before the fast were often less marked than was the case with Muslims in Ramadan, a difference that can be attributed to subjects' lack of experience of fasting as well as the amount of time spent fasting. A difficulty of interpretation in all these studies was that changes could be due to fasting and/or the length of sleep, which tends to decrease. These two factors were separated in the final experiment, an intervention study performed in the laboratory. This study compared effects of different durations of fasting (4, 8 or 16 h) upon a wide variety of measures (including subjective and objective assessments of performance, dehydration and responses to a short bout of exercise) - but with an unchanged amount of nocturnal sleep and daytime naps not allowed. Many of the negative effects observed in previous studies were present in this experiment also. These findings indicate that fasting was responsible for much of the change previously observed, though some effect of sleep loss, particularly if occurring on successive days (as would occur in Ramadan) cannot be excluded. One finding common to all studies was that tests of performance that had shown variations due to the combination of circadian influences, time awake and sleep loss in other experiments (including grip strength, the Stroop test and accuracy at throwing darts) seemed little affected. Possible reasons for these negative findings are discussed, together with further experiments to separate out effects of sleep loss and fasting, and the role of subjects' experience in studies of fasting. In addition, more detailed studies to investigate changes in sleep and the type and level of physical activities when fasting are proposed.
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Saleemi, Asmara. "Electoral System Effects On Anti-muslim Sentiments In Western Europe." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103386/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to answer the question, why is there a variation in anti-Muslim sentiments across Western Europe? There is existing literature on individual and country-level variable s to explain why prejudice exists, but this research examines the impact of political institutions on anti-Muslim sentiments. Based on new institutionalism theory, electoral systems can shape public attitudes by providing far-right parties a platform to put their concerns on the agenda, and these parties promote anti-Muslim popular sentiments. The results of this analysis support this argument in that the larger the average district magnitude in a country, the greater the anti-Muslim sentiments. The findings also show that an increase in far-right party vote-share also covaries with an increase in anti-Muslim sentiments.
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Hajjar, George Jude. "Voices and visions of Christian-Muslim relations in post-civil war Lebanon : an overview of causes, effects and the question of identity 2000-2008." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3649/.
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The status of Christian–Muslim relations (CMR), which are difficult to assess, has been ambiguous in contemporary Lebanon. Analysts, as well as individuals within Lebanese communities in Lebanon and within the diaspora have made conflicting claims. One major claim has been that CMR are better now than before the Lebanese Civil War because the civil war ended in 1991 and a reoccurrence has never materialized. Furthermore, the Ţā’if agreement, a working document aimed at ending the civil war and promoting solid CMR, was signed by most of the major communities of Lebanon in 1991. For these reasons and more, Lebanese CMR were believed to have improved post-civil war. Nevertheless, this writer explored the veracity of this proposition. Through comprehensive quantitative and qualitative research, the poor state of CMR in contemporary Lebanon was revealed. In face-to-face interviews in Lebanon, field experts reflected on the weakened condition of CMR and the reasons for the same. University students participated in a survey to ascertain their feelings concerning CMR and the possible causes of problems within CMR. Focus was also placed on the role identity has had in CMR. These causes of CMR conflict and, at times, consensus were reviewed and compared for a clear understanding of the state of present-day CMR. Finally, based on an understanding of these factors, recommendations for improvement, further study, and the future of CMR were given.
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Khan, Zaynab. "Women Rights and Islam : A study of women rights and effects of Islamic fundamentalism and Muslim feminism in the Kurdish area of Iraq." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-3265.
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Lack of women rights in the international society is something that UN and other international human organizations are striving against. Women oppression is common in many countries, but is often connected with the Muslim countries. Women oppression is something that is against UN: s definition of human rights. The international society has therefore tried to protect the women, and has formed resolutions, conventions and so on, for their security.
According to the Iraqi regime, human rights are an important question. The country has therefore signed the UN: s convention about women rights. Since the year of 1992, when the Kurdish area of Iraq became self- governed, Kurdistan has started programs that favour women rights. Organizations and institutions have for example been established, that are struggling for the women in the society. The ruling government has also instituted some laws that favour women rights.
Islamic fundamentalism and Muslim feminism are two theories that today have supporters in the international society. Both of those theories and their supporters believes in the Quran and use it to justify their own actions, but in different ways. The fundamentalists emphasize the differences that, by the nature, exist between the sexes. According to the fundamentalists, women and men have different responsibilities in the society. The feminists on the other hand believe in equality between the sexes and mean that women oppression has its origin in an erroneous interpretation of the Quran.
Different kinds of crimes against women rights issues are today common in Kurdistan. Many of those crimes don’t have any support in neither UN, nor the Quran. Muslim feminists, the department for human rights and the women organizations all has agreed about the meaning of women rights. They believe in UN: s definition of women rights and they all use the Quran to justify women right issues. Islamic fundamentalists on the other hand also use the Quran for justifying their actions, but they don’t believe in UN: s definition of women rights.
So both Muslim feminists and Islamic fundamentalists exist today in Kurdistan, and their engagement in women issues is therefore affecting the work of the organizations and the department.
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Allaheeb, Bassim Abdullah H. "Decision-making In Different Cultures: Essays In Experimental Economics." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/242752.
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People interact with each other rationally and irrationally. Standard economic theories assume that people act rationally, yet, behavioral economic theories indicate that sometimes people act irrationally because of the specific situation, their character, and many other factors.
Culture plays a role in shaping people’s preferences, values, personalities, norms, and beliefs. That being the case, it is important to shed some light on the effect of different types of cultures on people’s decision-making behavior, in order to better understand human nature with regard to economic decisions.
The ultimate goal of this thesis is to define how people from various cultures behave differently while making economic decisions, and to provide a better understanding for the motives behind people’s preferences towards decision-making.
The first and second chapters of this thesis consider studies in experimental economics about the effect of introducing effort to the ultimatum game. The first chapter provides evidence that people’s decisions are driven by either hierarchy or property rights by comparing the results of three different cultures. The second chapter shows the impact of proposers’ effort in the ultimatum game, in which, culturally driven phenomenon impact on the proposers’ behavior. The third chapter investigates the impact of the Islam religion on experimental studies with regard to decision making and it shows that religious beliefs play an important role in shaping people’s preferences.
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Wilson, David. "The effects of intermittent fasting during Ramadan on performance related to football." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2007. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5862/.
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During the 9th lunar month of each year around 1 billion Muslims adhere to the religious 4- week festival of Ramadan, which is considered as a time for empathy for those less fortunate, a time for restraint, and goodwill. The main focus of the religious intervention of Ramadan is the intermittent fast whereby, each day between dawn and sunset nutritional abstinence is practiced. Empirical evidence from experienced soccer coaches in Qatar has indicated that the 4-week intermittent fast during Ramadan impedes the quality and quantity of training, as well as match play. However, there has been lack of attention directed to the consequences associated with Ramadan and football (soccer) players. Greater understanding of the consequences of Islamic soccer players adhering to lifestyle changes and intermittent fasting would facilitate soccer coaches in a systematic approach to addressing potential negative performance effects associated with Ramadan in future soccer-seasons. In order to address the research problem, a soccer-specific battery of tests was required; as there is no established gold standard battery of soccer-specific field tests preliminary technical and methodological studies were required. In Study-1 a soccer-specific anaerobic capacity field test (Liverpool Anaerobic Speed Test or LAST) was piloted for validity, reliability, and practicality since, the choice for suitable soccer-specific anaerobic capacity tests were inadequate. It was found that two familiarisation sessions are necessary to reduce systematic bias markedly and habituate players with procedures of the LAST. The total measurement error (ratio of Limits of Agreement) of the LAST was 2.5% (± 18 m), and peak blood lactate values produced were 17.6 mmol.l⁻¹, which were greater than the 14.7 mmol.l⁻¹ criteria set for maximal anaerobic effort before the pilot study. The test set-up and administration proved to be practical, facilitating large numbers of subjects to be evaluated relatively quickly ( < 20 min). Therefore, the LAST was included in the soccer-specific battery of field tests, which then provided a comprehensive analysis of the separate components soccer performance. The available facility to conduct this investigation was the soccer-field at Al-Ahli Sports Club Doha, Qatar and therefore, further methodological investigations were necessary; temperatures within Qatar can vary during different times of the season, and at times are quite severe with respect to heat and humidity. The purpose of Study-2 was to examine how robust the discrete soccer-specific field tests were which, would be used during the intervention of Ramadan, using a repeated measures counter-balanced design of indoor and outdoor conditions. It was found that during the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (YYIRT) (Krustrup et al., 2003) outdoor assessment maximal performance was reduced by 19% in contrast to the YYIRT conducted indoors, despite the subjects attaining similar maximal heart rates. Consequently, the YYIRT to volitional exhaustion was excluded from the battery of tests to be used during the intervention of Ramadan; all other soccer-specific field tests were found to be robust for use in the heat. The aim of Study-3 was a qualitative investigation to observe current soccer-practice and related factors surrounding training; this brief included bedtime, wake-up time, sleep duration, environmental conditions, pre-training dehydration, body fluids lost during training, body-core temperature, and relative training intensity. During Ramadan it was found that bedtime and wake-up time were significantly delayed and sleep duration lengthened compared to normal. Post-Ramadan was found to be akin to eastward time travel with advancement in bedtime, wake-up and return to normal sleep duration. Dehydration was significantly greater pre-training during Ramadan in comparison to non- Ramadan training weeks, and body fluid loss during training in both Ramadan and non- Ramadan periods was considerable. Relative training workload was also quantified during this time and highlighted important practical problems.
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Moussa, Mayaki Fatchima. "Effet des croyances, des normes et des valeurs sur le changement d’attitude : exemple de la planification familiale au Niger." Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE29009.
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La présente thèse ambitionne d'étudier les facteurs pouvant favoriser, ou au contraire freiner, la promotion de la politique de planification familiale au Niger. Pour ce faire, elle cherche à étudier l'impact des valeurs, croyances et normes en vigueur dans la société nigérienne sur la pratique de la PF, croyances et normes certainement dominées par une très forte présence de l'islam dans ce pays. L'approche principale a été de s'inspirer de la théorie du comportement planifié (TCP, Aizen, 1985) qui offre un modèle de prédiction des comportements fondés sur des variables qui semblent pertinentes pour notre étude. Ainsi, dans une première partie, nous avons cherché à vérifier la valeur prédictive de la pratique de la planification familiale (PF) par le modèle du comportement planifié. Les quatre premières études menées dans des contextes différents et sur des échantillons également différents, montrent que la TCP permet de prédire, mais partiellement, la pratique de la PF. Partiellement, parce que les résultats ne rejoignent pas exactement les conclusions du modèle théorique: certaines variables dont l'effet n'avait pas été anticipé par Aizen (exemple les normes subjectives) en ont tandis que d'autres supposées avoir des effets directs n'en ont pas toujours (contrôle perçu, intention). Dans un second temps, cinq études prenant en compte des variables sociodémographiques (sexe, lieu de résidence, niveau de scolarisation, distance d'un centre de santé) montrent que le modèle de la TCP est sensible à ces variables, dans certains cas plus que dans d'autres. Certaines variables sociodémographiques s'avèrent parfois être de meilleures prédictrices que les variables initiales du modèle. Dans un troisième temps, nous avons voulu, à travers trois études, examiner le rôle des représentations sociales et culturelles (représentation de l'enfant et de la procréation, représentation de l'homme et représentation de la femme) sur la pratique de la planification familiale mais aussi examiner si leur prise en compte permet d'améliorer le pouvoir de prédiction du modèle de la TCP. Les résultats montrent que ces variables ont effectivement un effet sur la pratique de la PF au NigerThe present thesis was aimed at studying the factors likely to favor, - or on the contrary, curb - promotion of family planning policies in Nigeria. Current values, beliefs, and norms in Nigerian society, which are undoubtedly dominated by the strong presence of Islam in this country, are examined in relation to their impact on whether family planning is practiced. The main framework underlying the approach taken here is Aizen's (1985) theory of planned behavior (TPB), which offers a behavior-prediction model based on variables relevant to this study. The first section attempts to verity the power of the TPB model to predict the use of family planning (FP). The first four studies conducted in different contexts and on different samples showed that the TPB is able to predict practice of family planning, but only partially, because the results did not always coincide with the conclusions drawn from the model: some variables not foreseen by Aizen (e. G. , subjective norms) were found to have an impact, while others assumed to be important did not have a direct effect (e. G. , perceived control and intention). The second section presents five studies showing that the TPB is sensitive to various sociodemographic variables (gender, place of residency, years of schooling, distance from a health center), in some cases more than in others. Certain sociodemographic variables sometimes turned out to be better predictors than the initial variables of the model. The third section reports three studies aimed at examining the role of social and cultural representations (representations of notions like "child", "procreation", "man", and "woman") on whether or not family planning will be utilized, and also whether taking such representations into account improves the predictive power of the TPB model. The results indicated that these variables do in fact have an impact on family planning in Nigeria
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Algotsson, Lisa. "Prelude to Islamic extremism : A study of radicalization among Muslims in Sweden and the effects of Islamophobia." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85780.
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Abstract [en] On 27 April 2017 Sweden was struck by an Islamic terrorist attack which with various terrorist attacks in Europe, lead to increased Islamophobia and far-right populism in the country. This has seemingly led to Swedes becoming more prone to believe Islamophobic conspiracy theories. Such as the notion that Muslims are terrorists and Islam a violent religion from which terrorism springs to life. This twisted perception and further Islamophobia can lead to Muslims being perceived as a potential threat, due to being associated with terrorism. Since radicalization has been linked to social alienation and discrimination, the concern regarding increased Islamophobia in Sweden and what consequences it has on radicalization among Muslims in Sweden is warranted. Islamophobia is a form of discrimination against Muslims, but research regarding radicalization has not fully integrated the concept of Islamophobia with Islamic terrorism and its radicalization. This despite the increase of global Islamophobia and the witnessed increase of Islamic terrorism in forms of [Western] foreign terrorist fighters (FTFs), as well as home-grown cells and planned lone wolf attacks in recent years, which all indicate a potential increase in Islamic radicalization. As Islamophobia, far-right populism and extremist sentiments are growing in Sweden, this thesis presents a desk study through a qualitative text analysis, to investigate how the current climate and development affects Muslims in Sweden, and whether they are excluded as a result to presumably enhance national security. This is done through an abductive approach with an analytical framework focused on radicalization processes and the perspectives of inclusion and exclusion. The potential correlation between Islamophobia and radicalization among Muslims, where Sweden is used as an example to exemplify the consequences of Islamophobia regarding Islamic radicalization and security through exclusion contra development through inclusion is presented in this desk study.
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Islam, Md Amirul <1989>. "Effect of Management Control Systems on organizational sustainability: A case study of Social Islami Bank Limited (SIBL) in the Banking Sector." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18584.
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In recent years, management literature has increasingly investigated organizational sustainability as an important antecedent to firm survival and performance. Some recent studies indicate that Management Control Systems (MCS) may be able to foster organizational sustainability when coupled with other factors such as remuneration. Empirical research studies that use contingency approaches and a case study of the Social Islami Bank Ltd (SIBL), a leading Bank in Bangladesh are examined with a focus on the relationship between MCS and organizational sustainability. Given that top level management take up the bulk of salaries, existing remuneration plans for executive management still focus largely on financial performance and do not necessarily promote sustainable value creation for their firms. In response to this reality, a growing number of academics and practitioners acknowledge the need for the inclusion of sustainability targets in executive remuneration. This research paper therefore aims to examine the relationship between management control systems and remuneration and how these affect the sustainability of organisations. The aim is to enrich the academic body of knowledge given that data on the relationship between MCS and remuneration is currently limited, and thereby providing considerable scope for further research. A series of future research questions will be presented. The study will offer illustrations of organisations that have applied management control mechanisms and how reward systems are being applied. Given the changing environment especially with the COVID 19 pandemic and travel restrictions in place, this study will employ an exploratory research design and make use of both primary and secondary data in attaining the research objectives. The results of this study aim to provide a basis for enhanced corporate governance with a focus on the remuneration excesses that may exist especially during times of economic meltdown. Other areas of study include risk and challenges of management control and rewards systems. The study seeks to conclude with a set of best practices for combining MCS and remuneration in achieving organisational sustainability.
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Pettersson, Maria. "Whose Islam is the right Islam? :." Lund, Sweden : Department of Economic History at Lund University, 2002. http://www.ekh.lu.se/publ/mfs/6.pdf.
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Rubino, Marcella. "Religion et violence dans l'oeuvre de Yūsuf Zaydān : les chemins croisés de la fiction et de l'histoire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCF014/document.
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L’écrivain égyptien Yūsuf Zaydān s’inscrit dans la tradition - constituée à l’âge de la Nahḍa – de l’intellectuel “éducateur des consciences”. Depuis cette époque, face à un récit national contrôlé par le pouvoir politique ou religieux, la littérature arabe a souvent revisité l’histoire et l’actualité dans le but de rétablir - grâce à la liberté offerte par le discours fictionnel - la vérité occultée par le récit officiel. Dans ce processus de réécriture, Zaydān s’intéresse particulièrement à la relation entre religion, politique et violence. L’objectif de cette étude est d’explorer l’oeuvre littéraire de cet auteur, dans le but d’en dégager l’originalité. Celle-ci apparaît, d’une part, dans la capacité de Zaydān à mettre en valeur son double profil d’universitaire et de romancier, à travers une production très variée allant du roman à l’essai; d’autre part, dans les stratégies spécifiques qu’il emploie afin de s’adresser à son destinataire privilégié: le lecteur égyptien. Auteur controversé autant pour son oeuvre que pour sa personnalité, Zaydān n’en demeure pas moins un phénomène littéraire : illustration à la fois de l’éclatement du champ littéraire et d’une démocratisation exacerbée de la culture en Egypte, son cas permet de mieux comprendre la littérature arabe ultra contemporaine et ce qu’elle exprime sur les sociétés en recomposition - politique, économique et culturelle - desquelles elle émaneThe Egyptian writer Yūsuf Zaydān is part of the tradition – dating from the age of the Nahḍa – of intellectuals as "educators of consciousness". Since then, faced with a national narrative controlled by political or religious power, Arab literature has often revisited history and current affairs with the aim of restoring – through the freedom offered by fictional discourse – the truth overshadowed by official history. Through this rewriting process, Zaydān is particularly interested in discussing the relationship between religion, politics and violence. The objective of this thesis is to explore Zaydān’s literary work in order to identify its originality. This originality is manifested, first, through Zaydān's dual profile as both academic and novelist, engaged in varied production that ranges from novels to essays; second, in the specific strategies he employs in order to address his privileged audience: the Egyptian reader. A controversial author in both his work and his personality, Zaydān is above all a literary phenomenon. An example of the blossoming literary field and the exacerbated cultural democratisation in Egypt, his case allows us to better understand ultra-modern Arab literature and what it expresses about the (politically, economically, culturally) recomposed and changing society that have produced it
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Thomas, Matthew Nickolai. "Perceived Salafi-Jihadi Exceptionalism and its effects on CVE (Counter Violent Extremism) Policy." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1556284965124805.
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Allaheeb, Bassim Abdullah H. "Decision-making In Different Cultures: Essays In Experimental Economics." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/242752.
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People interact with each other rationally and irrationally. Standard economic theories assume that people act rationally, yet, behavioral economic theories indicate that sometimes people act irrationally because of the specific situation, their character, and many other factors.
Culture plays a role in shaping people’s preferences, values, personalities, norms, and beliefs. That being the case, it is important to shed some light on the effect of different types of cultures on people’s decision-making behavior, in order to better understand human nature with regard to economic decisions.
The ultimate goal of this thesis is to define how people from various cultures behave differently while making economic decisions, and to provide a better understanding for the motives behind people’s preferences towards decision-making.
The first and second chapters of this thesis consider studies in experimental economics about the effect of introducing effort to the ultimatum game. The first chapter provides evidence that people’s decisions are driven by either hierarchy or property rights by comparing the results of three different cultures. The second chapter shows the impact of proposers’ effort in the ultimatum game, in which, culturally driven phenomenon impact on the proposers’ behavior. The third chapter investigates the impact of the Islam religion on experimental studies with regard to decision making and it shows that religious beliefs play an important role in shaping people’s preferences.
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Neugebauer, Vivien [Verfasser]. "Europa im Islam - Islam in Europa / Vivien Neugebauer." Frankfurt : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1105292673/34.
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Stenhammar, Annika, and Ammar Isabelle Ben. "Islam i skolan : Hur ser gymnasieelever på islam?" Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för kultur-, religions- och utbildningsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-12016.
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Smirat, Mohanad. "Islam och väst : En studie om stereotyperna om Islam." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-322010.
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Bak, Greg. "English representations of Islam at the turn of the century, Islam imagined and Islam experienced, 1575-1625." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ66657.pdf.
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Yuliani-Sato, Dwi Hesti. "A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE NATION OF ISLAM AND ISLAM." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1162806528.
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Kilcullen, David J. Politics Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "The political consequences of military operations in Indonesia 1945-99 : a fieldwork analysis of the political power-diffusion effects of guerilla conflict." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Politics, 2000. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38709.
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Problem Investigated. This dissertation is a study of the political effects of low-intensity warfare in Indonesia since 1945. In particular, it examines the interaction between general principles and contextual variables in guerrilla conflict, to determine whether such conflict causes the diffusion of political power. Analysis of insurgent movements indicates that power structures within a guerrilla group tend to be regionalised, diffuse and based on multiple centres of roughly equal authority. Conversely, studies of counter-insurgency (COIN) techniques indicate that successful COIN depends on effective political control over the local population. This tends to be exercised by regional or local military commanders rather than by central authority. Based on this, the author???s initial analysis indicated that one should expect to see a diffusion of political authority from central leaders (whether civilian or military) to regional military leaders, when a society is engaged in the conduct of either COIN or guerrilla warfare. The problem investigated in this dissertation can therefore be stated thus: To what extent, at which levels of analysis and subject to what influencing factors does low-intensity warfare in Indonesia between 1945 and 1999 demonstrate a political power-diffusion effect? Procedures Followed. The procedure followed was a diachronic, qualitative, fieldwork-based analysis of two principle case studies: the Darul Islam insurgency in West Java 1948-1962 and the campaign in East Timor 1974-1999. Principle research tools were: ??? Semi-structured, formal, informal and group interviews. ??? Analysis of official and private archives in Australia, Indonesia, the Netherlands and the UK. ??? Participant observation using anthropological fieldwork techniques. ??? Geographical analysis using transects, basemapping and overhead imagery. ??? Demographic analysis using historical data, cartographic records and surveys. Research was conducted in Australia, Indonesia (Jakarta and Bandung), the Netherlands (The Hague and Amsterdam) and the United Kingdom (London, Winchester, Salisbury and Warminster). Fieldwork was conducted over three periods in West Java (1994, 1995 and 1996) and one period in East Timor (1999-2000). General Results Obtained. The two principal case studies were the Darul Islam insurgency in West Java 1948-62 and the campaign in East Timor since 1974. The fieldwork data showed that low-intensity warfare in Indonesia between 1945 and 1999 did indeed demonstrate the political power-diffusion effect posited by the author. This effect was triggered by the outbreak of guerrilla warfare, which itself flowed from crises generated by processes of modernisation and change within Indonesian society from traditional hierarchies to modern forms of social organisation. These crises were also affected by events at the systemic and regional levels of analysis ??? the invasion of the Netherlands East Indies by Japan, the Cold War, the Asian financial crisis and increasing economic and media globalisation. They resulted in a breakdown or weakening of formal power structures, allowing informal power structures to dominate. This in turn allowed local elites with economic, social or religious influence and with coercive power over the population, to develop political and military power at the local level while being subject to little control from higher levels. This process, then, represented a power diffusion from central and civilian leadership levels to local leaders with coercive means ??? most often military or insurgent leaders. Having been triggered by guerrilla operations, however, the direction and process by which such power diffusion operated was heavily influenced by contextual variables, of which the most important were geographical factors, political culture, traditional authority structures and the interaction of external variables at different levels of analysis. Topographical isolation, poor infrastructure, severe terrain, scattered population groupings and strong influence by traditional hierarchies tend to accelerate and exacerbate the loss of central control. Conversely good infrastructure, large population centres, good communications and a high degree of influence by nation-state and systemic levels of analysis ??? particularly through economic and governmental institutionalisation ??? tend to slow such diffusion. Moreover, while power may be diffusing at one level of analysis (e.g. nation-state) it may be centralising at another (e.g. into the hands of military leaders at local level). Analysis of the Malayan Emergency indicates that, in a comparable non-Indonesian historical example, the same general tendency to political power diffusion was evident and that the same broad contextual variables mediated it. However, it would be premature to conclude that the process observed in Indonesia is generally applicable. The nature and relative importance of contextual factors is likely to vary between examples and hence additional research on non-Indonesian examples would be necessary before such a conclusion could be drawn. Further research on a current instance of guerrilla operations in Indonesia is also essential before the broader contemporary applicability of these findings can be reliably demonstrated. Major Conclusions Reached. Based on the above, the theses developed to answer the initial problem can be stated thus: The command and control (C2) structures inherent in traditional, dispersed rural guerrilla movements that lack access to mass media or electronic communications tend to lessen the degree of control by central (military or political) leaders over regional leaders. If COIN or Internal Security Operations are conducted, two factors will operate. First, there will be an increase in the degree of control over the civil population by local military leaders, at the expense of local or central political leaders. Second, where military command structures are pyramidal or segmentary, there will be an increase in control by local commanders at the expense of central military leaders. Where the central government is civilian or has interests divergent from the military???s, the first of these factors will dominate. Where the government is military or has interests largely identical to those of the military, the second factor will be dominant. The process of power diffusion can thus be summarised as follows: A crisis driven by processes of societal change or by external causes, leads to the outbreak of violence, one facet of which may include guerrilla operations. If guerrilla operations do occur, the C2 structures inherent in such operations give a high degree of autonomy and independence to local military leaders. The same (or a contemporaneous) crisis produces a breakdown of formal power structures, causing organisations to fall back upon informal power structures. The nature of these informal power structures is determined by geography, political culture, patterns of traditional authority within the society and the degree of interaction of systemic/regional factors with local events. Thus the guerrilla operations and the concomitant breakdown in formal power structures form the trigger for political power diffusion. The precise nature and progress of this diffusion is then determined by contextual variables.
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Philips, Abu Ameenah Bilal. "Exorcisim in Islam." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504395.
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This work is an investigation of the orthodox concept of exorcism in Islam. The main purpose of this study is to identify the orthodox Islamic viewpoint of spirit-possession of humans and its treatment (i.e., exorcism) based upon evidence from the Qur'An, the Sunnah, views of the sahabah (companions of Prophet Muhammad [4]) and the opinions of the early Sunnite scholars. This dissertation is comprised of an introduction, four chapters, a conclusion and two appendixes. The first chapter establishes the Islamic parameters of the spiritual world of created beings. The second chapter consists of a discussion of the orthodox understanding of spirit-possession and a delineation of the prophetic methodology of exorcism. The third chapter is devoted to a study of tabulated data from interviews with a sampling of modem-day, orthodox exorcists from various parts of the Muslim world and a brief presentation of exorcism according to Roman Catholicism. The fourth chapter consists of a comparative discussion of the second and third chapters, and it includes a conclusion in which the views of modem medicine are compared to exorcist tradition. Additionally, some questions concerning exorcism in Islam and other religions are answered.
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Moslem, Majid S. "Frieden im Islam die Instrumentalisierung des Islam im irakisch-iranischen Krieg /." Berlin : Klaus Schwarz, 2005. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/59080609.html.
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Baftija, Arif. "Bilden av islam : En historiografisk studie om islam i svensk forskning." Thesis, Jönköping University, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48225.
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The image of Islam A historiographical study of Islam in Swedish research. A society`s image of a foreign people, culture and religion changes constantly depending on social, political and other important events. Today Islam is the second largest religion in Sweden after Christianity and that is why it has become important to study the Swedish image of Islam, Muhammed and the Islamic world during the last century. This study is a historiographical and examines the work of six different Swedish authors between the year 1918 to 1930 and 1979 to 2011. The aim of studying these works is to examine whether there has been changes in the Swedish view of Islam, Muhammed and Muslim societies. The theoretical starting point of this study is based on the economist Amartya Sen`s view on identity as multidimensional. According to Sen, a too strong emphasis on ethnic, cultural and religious identities tends to create antagonism and conflicts between different group of peoples. That is why, according to Sen, it is important to emphasize the similarities between different cultures instead of only focus on their differences. Also, Samual P. Huntington`s thesis that emphasizes the differences between religious civilizations in the world who struggle for power and influence is used in this study. The investigation shows that there are differences between the authors from 1918 to 1930 and 1979 to 2011 in their description of Islam, Muhammed and Muslim societies. While the older authors focus mostly on Islam`s past, the contemporary authors deal mostly with Islam in present times. The investigation also demonstrates that the older authors in general give a positive description of Islam`s earlier history, while they depict Islam and Muslim societies as stagnant and reactionary in modern times. The result confirms earlier studies who show similar tendencies on description of Islamic and other Non-Western societies.
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Abdullah, Othman bin. "Islam and democracy reflecting the role of Islam in Malaysia and Indonesia /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA402691.
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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations) Naval Postgraduate School, March 2002.Thesis advisor(s): Robinson, Glenn E. ; Bruneau, Thomas C. "March 2002." Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.
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Hajo, Perav. "Kvinnliga konvertiter till islam : Varför konverterar svenska och amerikanska kvinnor till islam?" Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för utbildning och ekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-11423.
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Så, varför konvertera svenska och amerikanska kvinnor till islam, enligt Anna Månssons bok "Becoming muslim"? Om det nu beror på politiska och sociala eller andliga skäl så är konvertering för alla samtliga kvinnor en möjlighet att utforska en helt ny värld och även möjligheten till att omorganisera "jaget". Medan några av kvinnorna medvetet sökte efter en religiös andlighet i livet, blev övergången till islam för andra ett naturligt steg i livet efter att ha umgåtts eller levd med muslimer. Detta tyder på det som Viktor Frankl har påstådd om att människan är ett agerande varelse som söker efter mening i livet. Kvinnorna i Månssons studie hittade sitt svar på mening i livet i islam. Islam gav de möjligheten att ompröva sina identiteter i en helt okänd värld. Genom att umgås med andra muslimer upplevde kvinnorna en spänning, som Frankl skriver om, mellan vad som är här och nu och vad som borde eller kunde vara. I ett sammanhang där kvinnorna inte begränsas av vissa förväntningar från människor i deras närhet som redan har en bestämd idé om vem de är, känner konvertiterna en efterlängtad och omedelbar möjlighet att prova ut en muslimsk identitet.
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Forseth, Sanna. "Islam i skolbokensvärld : Hur Islam har presenterats i läroboken från 1962-2011." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för samhälls- och livsvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-13698.
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Syftet med denna uppsats är att se på läroböcker från 1962 och framåt för att undersöka hur dessa harframställt religionen Islam i text och i bild, samt att undersöka hur bra innehållet i boken stämmeröverens med forskningen om Islam. Vilken bild har tidigare generationer fått av Islam? Vad har detstått i läroböckerna om Islam och vad har läroplanerna ansett om undervisningen i framförallt Islam,men även om andra världsreligioner? Hur bra stämmer egentligen det som står i läroböckerna medverkligheten? Dessa frågor har jag besvarat i min uppsats. Genom att undersöka läroplaner ochläroböcker från 1962 fram till idag har jag sett en positiv förändring i skolans syn på Islam samt attundervisningen i religion har utvecklats. Jag har även i min uppsats kommit fram till att läroböckernaär trovärdiga och att många böcker i ämnet religion är forskningsbaserade och värda att tro på.The purpose of this essay is to look at textbooks from 1962 and onwards to examinehow these have describe Islam in words and in pictures and to examine how well the content of thesebook is consistent with research on Islam. How did earlier generations acquire knowledgeof Islam? What did it say in textbooks on Islam from that time and how did curriculum compare tothese books and knowledge then, especially in Islam, but also on other world religions? How well dothe textbooks of the time describe reality? These are the questions I have answered in my thesis. Byexamining the curricula and textbooks from 1962 until today, I have seen a positive change in theschool's view of Islam, as well as education of religion has developed. I have in this thesis alsoconcluded that textbooks are credible and that many books, at least within the genre of religion, areresearch based and a reliable source of information.
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Ringkvist, Marcus, and Richard Tholin. "Islam i läroböcker : En kvalitativ studie av islam i läromedel i religion." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-192701.
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Denna studie bygger på en kvalitativ analys av läroböcker i ämnet religion på gymnasiet. Läroböcker används för att ge en kortfattad och övergripande bild om ämnet som presenteras. Studiens teori bygger på Edward Saids forskning kring orientalism samt Mattias Gardells teorier kring islamofobi. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur islam har framställts i fem läroböcker sedan 1970-talet fram till idag, en lärobok från varje decennium. Syftet är att visa vilken bild av islam som används för kunskapsutveckling och om det finns skillnader mellan boken från 1979 och boken från 2012. Resultatet av studien liknar det som tidigare forskning visat på. De analyserade läroböckerna innehåller generaliseringar och förenklingar som oftast inte problematiseras vilket kan leda till att den generaliserade texten i läroböckerna blir en sanning. Skillnaderna mellan boken från 1979 och boken från 2012 är få, men det förekommer fler diskussionsfrågor i boken från 2012 vilket kan bero på att islam är vanligare i Sverige idag.
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Manuel, David James. "Ahmadiyya movement in Islam." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1988. http://www.tren.com.
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Bouchlaka, Rafik Abdessalem. "Islam, secularity & modernity." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434360.
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Almekrad, Fahed Hamad. "Islam and International Relations." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504404.
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This thesis deals mainly with the role of Islam in international relations, which is based on the Qur'an (the revealed book) and the Sunnah (prophetic tradition). The study has used the analytical approach and the interdisciplinary approach to examine and investigate Islamic international relations theories in an attempt to demonstrate that they offer a practical alternative to resolve crises in international relations. This thesis highlights the Islamic alternative in dealing with the major issues in the world today, namely peace, security, balance of power, and co-operation among nations. The thesis, therefore, outlines certain concepts and themes which examine and explore the actual and potential relevance of Islamic law (Shariah) in relation to these issues. The main findings of the thesis include that Islam can indeed play a positive role in the field of international relations and that peace is the role and war the exception in most of the theories of Islamic international relations based on the Qur'an and the Sunnah. Also, the Islamic theory of international relations provides a valuable framework of general application for international order. The concept of community (Ummah( is the most important factor which defines the function of the Islamic state.
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Friberg, Linus. "Läroböcker och Shia-islam." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-74303.
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This essay has focused on the presentation of shia-islam in textbooks. It is a study of textbooks for lower secondary school and has analysed three different textbooks. The essay looks into what the textbooks and its authors writes about shia-islam and what information they leave out. The essay studies previous research on Islam in textbooks and other textbook studies. It focuses also on shia-islam as a whole and provides a description of various elements of shia-islam that are not present in the textbooks. Elements such as the shia-islams pillars of faith and the role of the imams in shia. These elements of shia-islam are elements of such nature that they could have been a part of the textbook since they differ from the sunni-islam point of view. These parts of islam are presented in the textbooks but solely from the sunni-muslim perspective. The essay analyses the textbook in form and content and conclude what difficulties the description of shia-islam offers.
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Ould, t'Feil Hamoud. "Islam et sécurité sociale." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0910.
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Netuhová, Martina. "Medzinárodný terorizmus a islam." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114302.
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The submitted thesis seeks to answer the question "Is the relationship between Islam and terrorism uniquely determined?". It is divided into three parts. The first chapter aims to define the term terrorism, with the associated basic facts, as well as the progressive historical development. The second part is concerned with the theme of the youngest monotheistic religion - Islam. Besides the phasing its history, it includes the fundamental realities connected to it. The final chapter unifies the theory contained in the previous two sections with practice and illustrates it on the various examples of terrorist acts. The main objective is to answer the hypothesis stated in the introduction of work.
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Al-Mubarak, Malik Abdulazeez. "Warfare in early Islam." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 1997. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/794/.
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Muslim, Zahim Mohammed. "Lessing und der Islam." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät II, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16147.
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„Lessing und der Islam“ beschäftigt sich unparteiisch mit Lessings Auseinandersetzung mit dem Islam. Die Arbeit setzt sich das Ziel, den Leser und den Literaturkennern sowie der deutschen Bibliothek der Germanistik etwas von Lessings Auseinandersetzung mit dem Islam in die Hand zu geben, die bis heute als großes Modell für die interkulturelle und interreligiöse Menschheitstoleranzdebatte im Gedächtnis der deutschen Literatur vorhanden ist. Im ersten Teil widmet sich die vorliegende Arbeit den historisch-traditionellen literarischen Hintergründen und Vorkenntnissen Lessings zur islamischen Kultur, und deren Wirkung auf die deutsche Aufklärung im 18. Jahrhundert. In den nächsten Teilen (2-6) beschäftigt sich die Arbeit mit dem Islam in Lessings Werk und den historischen Texten von Voltaire und Marin. Sie konzentriert sich z. B. auf die dramatischen Schaffen und philosophisch-theologischen Schriften dieses deutschen Aufklärers über den Islam wie „Rettung des Hieronymus Cardanus“(1754), „Fatime“- Trauerspiel (1759) und „Nathan der Weise“ (1759) usw. Am Ende wird das Treffen der Religionsvertreter von - Judentum, Christentum und Islam - in „Nathan“ mit der erforderlichen, interkulturellen und interreligiösen Toleranzdebatte als aktuelle Weltfrage verbunden, die als Resultat für diese wissenschafts-literarische Darstellung von Lessings Auseinandersetzung mit dem Islam betrachtet werden kann.„Lessing and Islam“ deals impartially with Lessings discussion with Islam. The work aims to itself to give the reader and the literature experts as well as the German library of the German studies to somewhat of Lessings discussion with Islam in the hand which exists till this day as a big model for the intercultural and interreligious human tolerance debate in memory of the German literature. In the first part the present work devotes itself to the historical-traditional literary backgrounds and foreknowledge Lessings to the Islamic culture, and their effect on the German clarification in the 18th century. In the next parts (2-6) the work deals with Islam in Lessings to work and the historical texts of Voltaire and Marine. She concentrates, e.g., upon the dramatic creating and philosophical-theological writings of this German reconnaissance plane about Islam like „Rescue Hieronymus Cardanus“(1754), "Fatime" (1759) and „Nathan of the manner“ (1779) etc. At the end is connected the meeting of the religious representatives from - Judaism, Christianity and Islam - in "Nathan" with the necessary, intercultural and interreligious tolerance debate as a topical world question which can be looked as a result for this science-literary representation of Lessings discussion with Islam.
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Wehbe, Rabih. "Islam et Chiisme politique." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2013.
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Dans un essai qui aurait tout aussi bien pu s'intituler « L'islam chiite entre la politique et la religion, le cas du Liban », une analyse de l'islam politique demeure nécessaire pour mettre la lumière sur la différence entre islamisme et religion musulmane. Avec un peu moins de deux milliards de musulmans dans le monde, la religion musulmane est devenue la première religion pratiquée dans le monde actuel. Le dynamique de cette religion a permis la création d'un immense empire aux populations hétérogènes. Ainsi que, la coexistence entre religion et régime politique a provoquée de véritables luttes armées entre les grandes familles politico-religieuses, notamment le sunnisme et le chiisme. Le sunnisme ayant souvent l'étiquette d'orthodoxie a gardé cette aspect alors que le chiisme devint autres chose ce qu'il était à l'origine, lorsqu'on y voyait seulement le parti qui s'était rassemblé autour d'Ali ibn Abî Tâlib, cousin et gendre du prophète Mohammad. Dans ses quelques traitements de la doctrine islamique nous constatons que ces familles politico-religieuses, tant sunnites que chiites, proliférèrent les unes à côté des autres en même temps qu'elles se combattirent et souvent se condamnèrent réciproquement. Ceci est dû au fait qu'en l'islam, il n'y a jamais eu de pouvoir interprétatif qualifié, individuel ou collégial capable de s'imposer sans conteste.L'effondrement de l'Empire Ottoman donna l'occasion à la France et la Grande-Bretagne de partager le monde arabe sur la base des fameux accords Sykes-picot. La France va restructurer les territoires syrien et libanais, elle établit la structure constitutionnelle confessionnelle complexe du Liban, faisant du pays de Cèdre le plus grand laboratoire du communautarisme. Dans le Liban d'après-guerre, le communautarisme va de soi, il reflète l'état de la société et celle de la conciliation entre spécificités confessionnelle et principe fondamental de l'Etat nation. Le communautarisme libanais va évoluer à travers des mutations économiques, sociales et politiques, notamment chez la communauté chiite. Nous présenterons l'évolution de la communauté chiite dans cet environnement, ainsi que le rôle fondamental joué par Moussa el-Sadr dans la libération de la communauté chiite. Son objectif étant une réaction à la conscience politique du «Metwali». Sa première action était la lutte contre les inégalités sociales et devait s'engager avec l'Etat libanais dans une série d'affrontements qui couvraient souvent un aspect spectaculaire: grève générale en 1970, avertissement au gouvernement et à la réunion de 1974 à Baalbeck que Moussa-El -Sadr a annoncé la naissance du mouvement AMAL. Ce mouvement joue un rôle essentiel dans la vie politique libanaise. Enfin, nous consacrons une partie de ce travail à l'émergence d'une milice radicale pro-iranienne chiite, le Hezbollah, qui a pénétré le système politique libanais. Sa place est privilégiée à cause de ses succès dans la résistance contre Israël, de ses actions sociales et humaines et de ses organisations. La timide participation du « parti de Dieu » au parlement libanais constituait un premier pas vers la « libanisation » du parti. En 2012, le parti chiite annonce sa participation aux combats en Syrie à côté de l'armée de Bachar el-Assad, freinant ainsi le processus de libanisation. Le Hezbollah devient un des acteurs incontournables de la géopolitique du Moyen Orient et retourne en force sur la scène politique libanaise pour s'inscrire dans le cadre d'un chiisme politique internationalIn an essay that might as well have been entitled "Shia Islam between politics and religion, the case of Lebanon", an analysis of political Islam remains necessary to shed light on the difference between Islamism and religion Muslim. With just under two billion Muslims in the world, the Muslim religion has become the first religion practiced in the world today.The dynamics of this religion allowed the creation of an immense empire with heterogeneous populations. As well as, the coexistence between religion and political regime provoked real armed struggles between the big politico-religious families, notably Sunnism and Shiism.Sunnism often had the label of orthodoxy, but Shiism became something else that it was originally when one saw only the party that had gathered around Ali ibn Abi. Tâlib, cousin and son-in-law of the prophet Mohammad. In his few treatments of Islamic doctrine we find that these politico-religious families, both Sunni and Shiite, proliferated alongside each other at the same time that they fought each other and often condemned each other. This is due to the fact that in Islam there has never been a qualified, individual or collegiate interpretative power capable of imposing itself unquestionably.The collapse of the Ottoman Empire gave France and Britain the opportunity to share the Arab world on the basis of the famous Sykes-picot agreements. France will restructure the Syrian and Lebanese territories, it establishes the complex confessional constitutional structure of Lebanon, making the country of Cedar the largest laboratory of communitarianism. In post-war Lebanon, communitarianism is self-evident, reflecting the state of society and the reconciliation of confessional specificities with the fundamental principle of the nation-state. Lebanese communitarianism will evolve through economic, social and political changes, especially among the Shia community.We will present the evolution of the Shiite community in this environment, as well as the fundamental role played by Moussa el-Sadr in the liberation of the Shia community. His goal is a reaction to the political conscience of "Metwali". Its first action was the fight against social inequalities and was to engage with the Lebanese State in a series of clashes that often covered a spectacular aspect: general strike in 1970, warning to the government and to the 1974 meeting in Baalbeck that Moussa-El -Sadr announced the birth of the AMAL movement. This movement plays a vital role in Lebanese politics. Finally, we devote part of this work to the emergence of a radical pro-Iranian Shiite militia, Hezbollah, which has penetrated the Lebanese political system. His place is privileged because of his successes in the resistance against Israel, his social and human actions and his organizations. The timid participation of the "party of God" in the Lebanese parliament was a first step towards the "libanization" of the party. In 2012, the Shiite party announced its participation in the fighting in Syria next to the army of Bashar al-Assad, thus curbing the process of Lebanization. Hezbollah becomes one of the key players in the geopolitics of the Middle East and returns in force on the Lebanese political scene to be part of an international political Shiism