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Academic literature on the topic 'Effect of herbicide on'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Effect of herbicide on"

1

Milosevic, Nada, and Mitar Govedarica. "Effect of herbicides on microbiological properties of soil." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 102 (2002): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0201005m.

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Microorganisms decompose herbicides and they may serve as bioindicators of soil changes following herbicide application. Certain microbial species may be used as bioherbicides. This study has shown that Azotobacter is most sensitive to herbicide application; it is, therefore, a reliable indicator of the biological value of soil. The numbers of this group of nitrogen-fixing bacteria decrease considerably in the period of 7-14 days after herbicide application. Simultaneously, the numbers of Actinomycetes and less so of fungi increase, indicating that these microorganisms use herbicides as sources of biogenous elements. Rate of herbicidal decomposition depends on the properties of the preparation applied herbicide dose as well as on the physical and chemical soil properties, soil moisture and temperature, ground cover, agrotechnical measures applied and the resident microbial population.

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2

Redlick, Collen, Hema S. N. Duddu, Lena D. Syrovy, Christian J. Willenborg, Eric N. Johnson, and Steven J. Shirtliffe. "Effect of Seeding Rate on Dose Response of Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis) to Fluthiacet-Methyl." Weed Science 65, no. 4 (June 9, 2017): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2017.9.

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Concern over the development of herbicide-resistant weeds has led to interest in integrated weed management systems that reduce selection pressure by utilizing mechanical and cultural weed control practices in addition to herbicides. Increasing crop seeding rate increases crop competitive ability and thus can enhance herbicide efficacy. However, it is unknown how increasing the seeding rate affects an herbicide’s efficacy. The objective of this study was to examine the interaction between increasing seeding rate and herbicide dose to control weeds. To meet this objective, the herbicide fluthiacet-methyl was applied to field-grown lentil, with Indian mustard, a proxy for wild mustard, used as a model weed. The experiment was a factorial design with four lentil seeding rates and seven herbicide rates. Overall the herbicide dose response was altered by changing lentil seeding rate. Increasing lentil seeding rate decreased the weed biomass production when herbicides were not applied. In two of the four site-years, increasing lentil seeding rate lowered the herbicide ED50, the dose required to result in a 50% reduction in weed biomass. Increasing the crop seeding rate altered the dose response to provide greater weed control at lower herbicide rates compared with normal crop seeding rates. Increased seeding rates also resulted in higher and more stable crop seed yields across a wider range of herbicide dosages. These results suggest that dose–response models can be used to evaluate the efficacy of other weed management practices that can interact with herbicide performance.

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Lobachev, Yuriy Viktorovich, and Valeriy Tikonovich Krasilnikov. "The effect of new tank mixtures and herbicide compositions on economically useful indicators of soy." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2020i2pp16-23.

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The method of two-way analysis of variance in three field experiments in the conditions of the Right Bank of the Saratov Region studied the effect of four herbicides, two new tank mixtures and two new herbicide compositions on grain yield, number of plants per square meter, number of beans per plant, number of grains per plant, plant mass, the mass of beans from the plant, the mass of grain from the plant, the mass of 1000 grains, the protein content in the grain, the height of the plant, the height of attachment of the lower bean. The effectiveness of the herbicides was as follows: frontier optima - 72.5%, pulsar - 26.5%, gezagard - 71.2%, galaxy top - 11.7%, tank mixture frontier optima + gezagard - 86.4%, tank mixture pulsar + galaxy top - 23.0%, composition frontier optima + galaxy top - 73.8%, and composition gezagard + galaxy top - 85.1%. It was established a significant advantage in grain yield of only one new tank mixture of herbicides frontier optima + gezagard and two new compositions of herbicides frontier optima + galaxy top and gezagard + galaxy top. In the case of application of a tank mixture of herbicides, the frontier optima + hezagard yields of soybean grain significantly increased compared with the control by 377.0%, compared with herbicides the frontier optima and hezagard - by 154.0%. After the application of the herbicidal composition, the frontier optima + galaxi top soybean grain yield significantly increased compared with the control by 293.3%, compared with the herbicide frontier optima - by 120.1%, compared with the herbicide galaxy top - by 139.3%. After application of the hezagard + galaxy top herbicide composition, the soybean grain yield significantly increased compared with the control by 294.3%, compared with the hezagard herbicide - by 121.7%, compared with the galaxy top herbicide - by 141.1%.

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4

Wang, Pei, Hui Li, Weidong Jia, Yin Chen, and Roland Gerhards. "A Fluorescence Sensor Capable of Real-Time Herbicide Effect Monitoring in Greenhouses and the Field." Sensors 18, no. 11 (November 5, 2018): 3771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113771.

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Herbicide resistant weeds need to be identified early so that yield loss can be avoided by applying proper field management strategies. A novel chlorophyll-fluorescence-imaging sensor has been developed to conduct real-time herbicide effect evaluation. In this research, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to calibrate the capability of the sensor in monitoring herbicide effects on different biotypes of two grass weeds (Alopecurus myosuroides, Apera spica-venti) in southwestern Germany. Herbicides with different modes of action were applied for the effect monitoring. Chlorophyll fluorescence yield of the plants was measured 3–15 days after treatment (DAT) using the new fluorescence sensor. Visual assessment of the weeds was carried out on 21 DAT. The results showed that the maximal PS II quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of herbicide sensitive weeds was significantly lower than the values of resistant populations in 5 DAT. The new technology was capable of quickly identifying the herbicide’s effect on plants. It can be used to optimize management strategies to control herbicide resistant weeds.

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5

Samadi Kalkhoran, Elham, Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim, Hamid Reza Mohammaddoust Chamn Abad, Jens Carl Streibig, Akbar Ghavidel, and Te-Ming Paul Tseng. "The Survival Response of Earthworm (Eisenia fetida L.) to Individual and Binary Mixtures of Herbicides." Toxics 10, no. 6 (June 12, 2022): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10060320.

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Frequent use of herbicides may impose a risk on non-target species. The objective was to test the combined toxic effect of binary herbicide mixtures—metribuzin:halosulfuron and metribuzin:flumioxazin—on non-target earthworms in two test systems: filter paper and a soil toxicity test system. The joint action experiments were independently run twice to substantiate the findings. The most potent individual herbicide was metribuzin, with a 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of 17.17 µg ai. cm−2 at 48 h in the filter paper test. The toxicity of the individual herbicides on the filter paper test was ranked as metribuzin>halosulfuron>flumioxazin. In the soil test, metribuzin and halosulfuron had high toxicity with an LC50 of 8.48 and 10.08 mg ai. kg−1, respectively, on day 14. Thus, the individual herbicide ranking did not change between the filter paper and artificial soil tests. The herbicide’s mixed effect in both test systems showed a consistent antagonistic effect relative to a Concentration Addition reference model. It indicates that the mixtures retracted the herbicide’s action in the earthworms.

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Gao, Liu, Jiang, Fu, Zhao, Li, and Ye. "Protective Responses Induced by Chiral 3-Dichloroacetyl Oxazolidine Safeners in Maize (Zea mays L.) and the Detoxification Mechanism." Molecules 24, no. 17 (August 22, 2019): 3060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24173060.

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Herbicide safeners selectively protect crops from herbicide injury while maintaining the herbicidal effect on the target weed. To some extent, the detoxification of herbicides is related to the effect of herbicide safeners on the level and activity of herbicide target enzymes. In this work, the expression of the detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) and antioxidant enzyme activities in maize seedlings were studied in the presence of three potential herbicide safeners: 3-dichloroacetyl oxazolidine and its two optical isomers. Further, the protective effect of chiral herbicide safeners on detoxifying chlorsulfuron in maize was evaluated. All safeners increased the expression levels of herbicide detoxifying enzymes, including GST, catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) to reduce sulfonylurea herbicide phytotoxicity in maize seedlings. Our results indicate that the R-isomer of 3-(dichloroacetyl)-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine can induce glutathione (GSH) production, GST activity, and the ability of GST to react with the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) in maize, meaning that the R-isomer can protect maize from damage by chlorsulfuron. Information about antioxidative enzyme activity was obtained to determine the role of chiral safeners in overcoming the oxidative stress in maize attributed to herbicides. The interaction of safeners and active target sites of acetolactate synthase (ALS) was demonstrated by molecular docking modeling, which indicated that both isomers could form a good interaction with ALS. Our findings suggest that the detoxification mechanism of chiral safeners might involve the induction of the activity of herbicide detoxifying enzymes as well as the completion of the target active site between the safener and chlorsulfuron.

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7

Zarzecka, Krystyna, Marek Gugała, Iwona Mystkowska, and Anna Sikorska. "Changes in dry weight and starch content in potato under the effect of herbicides and biostimulants." Plant, Soil and Environment 67, No. 4 (March 30, 2021): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/622/2020-pse.

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The aim of the study was to determine the interaction of herbicides and herbicides with biostimulants on the accumulation of dry matter and starch in potato tubers. In a three-year field experiment based on the method of randomised sub-blocks, two factors were taken into account. The first factor were potato cultivars: Bartek, Gawin, Honorata. The second factor were five methods of herbicides and biostimulants application: (1) the control object without chemical protection (CO); (2) herbicide linuron + clomazone (Harrier 295 ZC) (H); (3) herbicide linuron + clomazone (Harrier 295 ZC) and biostimulant Ecklonia maxima (Kelpak SL) – (H + K); (4) herbicide metribuzin (Sencor 70 WG) – (S); (5) herbicide metribuzin (Sencor 70 WG) and biostimulant sodium para-nitrophenol, sodium ortho-nitrophenol, sodium 5-nitroguaiacol (Asahi SL) – (S + A). The cultivars and weather conditions significantly affected the content and yields of dry matter and starch. The herbicides and biostimulants used determined the starch accumulation as well as dry matter and starch yields. Most starch in tubers (more by 3.7 g/kg) and the highest dry matter and starch yields (more by 2.87 and 1.79 t/ha, respectively), compared to the control object, were obtained after the application of the herbicide Sencor 70 WG and biostimulant Asahi SL.

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Petrova, Sofia, Stanislav Stamatov, and Blagoy Andonov. "Study of the effect of different herbicides and herbicidal combinations on weed flora and chickpea yield." Agricultural Sciences 14, no. 32 (March 18, 2022): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2022.32.005.

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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the third most important grain legume crop in the world and the first important legume in the South and West Asia. For Bulgaria the chickpea is an old traditional crop used mainly for human consumption and to a lesser extent for feed. One of the most important yield limiting factors in the chickpea seed production is the poor weed management. The establishment of the most appropriate herbicide or herbicide combination for the effective control especially of the weed flora is a priority task of the chickpea cultivation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different herbicides and herbicidal combinations on weed flora and on the chickpea yield. The herbicides and herbicidal combinations were tested in nine treatments plus one weedy check control. All herbicides were used in pre-emergence applications at different doses. During the study the predominated weeds were Amaranthus retroflexus L. (redroot pigweed) and Convolvulus arvensis L. (field bindweed). Generally, all tested herbicidal combinations showed good control on the mixed weed flora and the grain yield was high. Three herbicidal combinations had the best effect on weed numbers and grain yield compared to the weed check: Clomazone -15 ml/da + S-metolachlor - 120 ml/da; Clomazone - 30 ml/da + S-metolachlor - 60 ml/da and Clomazone - 15 ml/da + Pendimethalin - 500 ml/da. Most of the studied herbicides and herbicidal combinations were tolerant, non-suppressive and showed a high positive effect on the chickpea yield.

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Swanson, Bert T., and James B. Calkins. "Weed Control Strategies for Field- and Container-grown Herbaceous Perennials." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 894E—894. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.894e.

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Fourteen herbicides or herbicide combinations, a wood chip mulch, a chipped rubber tire mulch, and a newspaper mulch were evaluated for weed control efficacy and potential phytotoxicity using 12 species of herbaceous perennials under field-growing conditions. Nineteen herbicides or herbicide combinations were similarly evaluated under container-growing conditions using 11 species of herbaceous perennials. The effect of herbicide application time also was monitored through application of herbicides to dormant and actively growing plants. Herbicides and mulch treatments were compared to weeded and nonweeded controls. Herbicide phytotoxicity effects were dependent on the age and species of the herbaceous perennial and herbicide application timing. Herbicide injury was generally greater for newly established plants compared to established plants. Although injury was usually reduced when herbicides were applied to dormant plants, injury was sometimes greater when herbicides were applied in early spring compared to applications made in late spring after complete herbaceous perennial emergence. This effect resulted in injury to young shoots that had emerged before the earliest possible time that herbicides could be applied in early spring. A wood chip mulch provided the most effective weed control and highest quality plants under field growing conditions. Several of the herbicides evaluated demonstrated potential for weed control in both field and container herbaceous perennial production systems and landscape plantings.

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Beckie, Hugh J., Fa-Yan Chang, and F. Craig Stevenson. "The Effect of Labeling Herbicides with Their Site of Action: A Canadian Perspective." Weed Technology 13, no. 3 (September 1999): 655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00046364.

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Industry, public-sector researchers and extension agents, and growers were surveyed in 1998 to determine their perspectives on how labeling herbicides with their site of action (group number) would affect the herbicide use practices of growers. The crop protection industry in Canada represented by the Crop Protection Institute (CPI) generally supports herbicide resistance labeling but has some concerns regarding the wording of the labels, including the identification symbol. Most researchers and extension agents believe that labeling herbicides with their site of action will facilitate herbicide group rotation by growers who frequently use herbicides from the same group. Of the two-thirds of the 126 surveyed growers who were familiar with herbicide groupings, 58% practiced herbicide group rotation. Those who did not tended to lack understanding of the basis and purpose of herbicide classification. Grower responses were similar to those from the research and extension community, although only 29% of the growers who currently do not rotate herbicides from different groups believed that resistance management labeling would influence them.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Effect of herbicide on"

1

Somireddy, Upender Reddy. "Effect of Herbicide-Organic Mulch Combinations on Weed Control and Herbicide Persistence." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1325255792.

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Mansooji, Ali Mohammad. "Herbicide resistance in wild oats, Avena spp." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm289.pdf.

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Maneechote, Chanya. "Mechanisms of herbicide resistance in wild oats (Avena spp.)." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm274.pdf.

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Bibliography : leaves 159-184. This study found at least three mechanisms of resistance to the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides. A modified target -site was responsible for moderate and high resistance to herbicides at the whole plant level. Enhanced herbicide metabolism and reduced translocation of herbicide to the target site was observed in one resistant biotype each.

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4

Abulnaja, Khalid Omar. "Effect of different herbicide classes on lipid metabolism." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254870.

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Zama, Paul. "Studies on the mechanisms of action of the herbicide safener CGA- 92194." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49970.

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CGAr92194 {α-[1,3-dioxolan-2-yl-methoxy)imino]benzeneacetonitrile} is a herbicide safener that is used as a seed dressing agent (1.25 g ai/kg seeds) to protect grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] against metolachlor [2-chloroi-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl-N-(2-methoxy1-methylethyl)acetamide] injury. The potential adverse phytotoxic effects and the mechanisms of the protective action of this safener were studied in laboratory experiments. Adverse phytotoxicity was assessed by comparing CGA-92194 and the herbicide safeners cyometrinil {(Z)-α[(cyanomethoxy)imino]benzeneacetonitrile} and flurazole [phenylmethyl 2-chloro-4-(trifluromethyl)-5-thiazolecarboxylate] for their effects on CO₂ fixation, protein, DNA, RNA and lipid syntheses of enzymatically isolated leaf cells of soybean [Clycine max (L.) Merr]. At physiological concentrations of less than 10 μM, CGA-92194, cyometrinil and flurazole were stimulatory of all metabolic processes. At 100 μM, the safeners were inhibitory of the five processes with flurazole being the most potent. The mechanisms of the safening action of CGA-92194 were studied by examining the potential interactions of this safener with metolachlor at the levels of uptake and macromolecular syntheses in enzymatically isolated leaf mesophyll protoplasts of grain sorghum. The influence of CGA-92194 on the in vitro reactivity of metolachlor with glutathione (GSH) and it metabolism by sorghum seedlings were also examined. When CGA-92194 and metolachlor were given simultaneously, CGA-92194 enhanced the uptake of ¹⁴C-metolachlor into the sorghum protoplasts in a concentration-dependent pattern. Thus, interference with herbicide uptake is not involved in the protective action of this safener Treatments with metolachlor and CGA-92194 in combination inhibited the incorporation of ¹⁴C-uracil, ³H-thymidine and ¹⁴C-acetate into sorghum protoplast macromolecules less than metolachlor given alone, suggesting the potential involvement of a competitive antagonism in the mechanism of action of CGA-92194. The metabolic activity and growth of sorghum seedlings grown from CGA-92194-pretreated seeds was significantly lower than that of seedlings grown from untreated seeds at 10 or 20 days after planting, The relationship of these effects of CGA-92194 to its safening action is unclear at the present time. CGA-92194 increased the in vitro chemica1 reactivity of metolachlor for GSH in a concentration-dependent pattern, Sorghum seedlings grown from safener-pretreated seeds enhanced ¹⁴C-metolachlor absorption and stimulated its metabolism via conjugation to GSH. This stimulation was reduced by tridiphane [2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethy1)- oxirane] a potent inhibitor of plant GSH-S-transference enzymes, These results indicate that a safener-induced stimulation of the spontaneous or enzymatic conjugation of metolachlor with GSH is most likely involved in the protective action of CGA-92194. It is suggested that the safening mechanism of action of CGA—92194 involves a sequence of multilevel interactions which together contribute to the overall protection of grain sorghum from metolachlor injury.
Ph. D.
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6

Clifford, Philip A. (Philip Alan). "Validation of a Coupled Herbicide Fate and Target Plant Species Effects Model." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332422/.

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A series of experiments provided data to parameterize and validate a coupled herbicide fate and target plant species effects model. This simulation model is currently designed to predict responses of water hyacinth populations to treatments of the dimethylamine formulation of 2,4- dichloro-phenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D -DMA). Experiments investigated 1) the response of water hyacinth to varying exposures of 2,4-D (DMA); 2) the role of water hyacinth density and herbicide interception in treatment effectiveness using 2,4-D (DMA); and 3) the importance of root exposure to obtain control of water hyacinth using 2,4- D (DMA). Results demonstrated the importance of leaf or canopy interception of 2,4-D (DMA) sprays in obtaining control of water hyacinth populations. The critical threshold plant tissue concentration of 2,4-D (DMA) required to elicit maximum mortality (98%) was estimated to be approximately 12 mg 2,4-D per kg water hyacinth tissue (wet weight). Root uptake apparently plays little or no role in the effectiveness of this herbicide for controlling water hyacinth growth. Validation trials illustrated the efficacy of the current model. The model was validated with data from a field operation. This research has provided considerable insight into optimal use of this auxin-type herbicide for control of water hyacinth, a monocotyledon.

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Nietschke, Brett Steven. "Integrated strategies for wild oat (Avena spp.) management in southern Australian farming systems." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn677.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 128-146. Study was undertaken to determine the occurence and species incidence of wild oats in a major cropping region of southern Australia. Population dynamic studies were undertaken at two sites to define the seed bank decline and emergence pattern of several wild oat populations over a three year period. Management studies were conducted to determine appropriate strategies for the control of wild oats in southern Australian farming systems.

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8

Mersie, Wondimagegnehu. "Selectivity and soil behavior of chlorsulfuron." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53563.

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Response of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to root-applied chlorsulfuron (2-chloro N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide), a herbicide for use in small grains, was investigated. The results showed that, although wheat roots take up more chlorsulfuron than barley roots, barley was less tolerant to chlorsulfuron and chlorsulfuron was more mobile in barley. This study indicated that difference in uptake or translocation cannot explain the differential response of the two species to root-applied chlorsulfuron. In an interaction study, significant chlorsulfuron antagonism on ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) control by diclofop {(±)[-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenoxy) propanoic acid} was observed. Greenhouse experiments showed that the tolerance of corn (Zea mays L.) to chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron (2-[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-l,3,5-triazin- -2-yl) amino] carbonyl] amino] sulfonyl] benzoic acid) was greatly increased by seed dressing with the herbicide safener NA (1,8-naphthalic anhydride). The soil behavior of chlorsulfuron was studied in the field, greenhouse and laboratory. In the field, corn adequately tolerated soil residues present 10 months following postemergence application of chlorsulfuron at 10 to 120 g/ha. However, at the same site and rates, residues from chlorsulfuron injured corn when sampled 2 months after application. In laboratory studies chlorsulfuron was moderately adsorbed by organic matter but showed low affinity to clay. R_f values calculated from soil thin-layer chromatography closely correlated with the mobility of chlorsulfuron leached with 16.8 cm of water over a 14-day period in hand-packed soil columns. In the soil thin-layer chromatography, chlorsulfuron mobility was positively and negatively correlated with pH and organic matter, respectively. The results indicated that chlorsulfuron could be mobile in low organic matter and non-acidic soils. The relationship of chlorsulfuron phytotoxicity to soil physical and chemical properties was also evaluated. Organic matter was inversely related to chlorsulfuron phytotoxicity while no such relationship to clay content was observed. The adsorption of chlorsulfuron decreased with increasing soil pH whereas desorption was greater at alkaline pH.
Ph. D.

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Fillmore, Andrew Nathan. "Droplet Size Effect on Herbicide Used in Cereals to Control Dicotyledonous Weeds." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27419.

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Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of droplet size on the efficacy of translocated and non-translocated herbicides. Translocated and non-translocated herbicides provided similar control when comparing droplet size effect on efficacy. Medium and very coarse droplet sizes gave the greatest visible injury whereas coarse-sized gave the lowest visible injury assessments for most species. However, droplet size generally did not affect contact herbicide efficacy. Overall, droplet size was not a strong factor contributing to herbicide efficacy and often, differences were only between herbicides. Non-ionic surfactant solutions measured by a Sympatec droplet analysis system gave the highest percent of volume in droplets <150?m compared to other adjuvants. The lowest percent of volume in droplets <150?m was a 0.5x rate. A liquid herbicide formulation gave the largest percent of volume in droplets <150?m whereas an emulsifiable concentrate formulation was lowest. Percent volume in droplets <150?m was often related to the solution VMD.

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Yenne, Samuel P. "Investigations on the mechanism of action of the oxime ether safeners for the protection of grain sorghum against metolachlor." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54821.

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Herbicide safeners (protectants, antidotes) are used to protect crop plants from herbicide injury. Currently our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the protection of plants by safeners is not well defined; therefore, investigations were conducted to elucidate the mechanism(s) of action of the oxime ether safeners. Molecular comparisons of selected herbicide-safener combinations using computer-aided molecular modeling revealed that the chemical structures of safeners and herbicides are very similar at the molecular level; and, indicate that these compounds could bind at the same active site of the target protein or they may serve as inducers of metabolic enzymes which detoxify herbicides. Metolachlor at 10 μM and seed-applied CGA-133205 had no effect on germination while treatment with seed-applied oxabetrinil significantly reduced germination of grain sorghum. Results from experiments on ¹⁴C-acetate incorporation into lipids indicate that metolachlor and the oxime ether safeners influence lipid metabolism causing a redistribution of carbon in the lipid fractions of germinating sorghum roots. Results from studies with acetyl-CoA carboxylase indicate that this enzyme is not a target site for either metolachlor or the oxime ether safeners. Metolachlor and the oxime ether safeners enhanced glutathione levels in grain sorghum seedlings at 12 to 48 hr after imbibition was initiated with oxabetrinil being more stimulatory than metolachlor or CGA-133205. Glutathione reductase activity was also stimulated in safener-treated grain sorghum seedlings. Both safeners slightly enhanced nonenzymatic and enzymatic conjugation of metolachlor with reduced glutathione. Oxabetrinil conjugated enzymatically or nonenzymatically with reduced glutathione at a slow rate, but CGA-133205 did not. These data suggest that during the early stages of seed germination and seedling development of grain sorghum, safeners can enhance the detoxication of metolachlor by enhancing glutathione levels and enzymatic and nonenzymatic conjugation of metolachlor with glutathione. It appears that oxabetrinil and CGA-133205 are conferring protection to grain sorghum by increasing the rate of metolachlor metabolism.
Ph. D.

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Books on the topic "Effect of herbicide on"

1

P, Sharma M. Recognizing Herbicide Action & Injury. 2nd ed. Vegreville, Alt: Alberta Environmental Centre, 1986.

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1944-, Duke Stephen O., and Fedtke Carl 1940-, eds. Physiology of herbicide action. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: P T R Prentice Hall, 1993.

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Ritter, Ronald Lloyd. Understanding herbicide resistance in weeds. Des Plaines, Ill: Sandoz Crop Protection Corp., 1989.

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Mallory-Smith, Carol. Herbicide-resistant weeds and their management. [Moscow, Idaho]: University of Idaho Cooperativae Extension System, 1993.

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Mallory-Smith, Carol. Herbicide-resistant weeds and their management. [Moscow, Idaho]: University of Idaho Cooperativae Extension System, 1993.

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Mallory-Smith, Carol. Herbicide-resistant weeds and their management. [Moscow, Idaho]: University of Idaho Cooperativae Extension System, 1993.

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Mallory-Smith, Carol. Herbicide-resistant weeds and their management. [Moscow, Idaho]: University of Idaho Cooperativae Extension System, 1999.

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Mallory-Smith, Carol. Herbicide-resistant weeds and their management. [Moscow, Idaho]: University of Idaho Cooperativae Extension System, 1999.

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Peter, Böger, and Sandmann Gerhard, eds. Target sites of herbicide action. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1989.

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C, Kirkwood R., ed. Target sites for herbicide action. New York: Plenum Press, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Effect of herbicide on"

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Clay, S. A., D. E. Clay, Z. Liu, and S. S. Harper. "The Effect of Ammonia on Atrazine Sorption and Transport." In Herbicide Metabolites in Surface Water and Groundwater, 117–24. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0630.ch010.

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Beckert, Michel, and Yves Dessaux. "Effects on the Environment." In Effects of Herbicide-Tolerant Crop Cultivation, 107–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1007-5_5.

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Beckert, Michel, and Yves Dessaux. "Mechanisms of Herbicide Resistance and HTV Breeding Techniques." In Effects of Herbicide-Tolerant Crop Cultivation, 1–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1007-5_1.

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Beckert, Michel, and Yves Dessaux. "HTV Diffusion and Use." In Effects of Herbicide-Tolerant Crop Cultivation, 29–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1007-5_2.

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Beckert, Michel, and Yves Dessaux. "Diffusion of the HT Trait and the Appearance of Herbicide Resistance." In Effects of Herbicide-Tolerant Crop Cultivation, 59–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1007-5_3.

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Beckert, Michel, and Yves Dessaux. "The Development of HTV Cropping Systems." In Effects of Herbicide-Tolerant Crop Cultivation, 89–106. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1007-5_4.

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Monteiro, A., I. Moreira, and E. Sousa. "Effect of prior common reed (Phragmites australis) cutting on herbicide efficacy." In Biology, Ecology and Management of Aquatic Plants, 305–8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0922-4_44.

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Jadhav, Ashok S., M. G. Patil, and R. K. Sonwane. "Effect of Herbicide Application on Soil Microflora and Nutrient Status of Soil." In Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Prospects for Sustainable Agriculture, 163–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6790-8_13.

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Zollinger, Richard K., John D. Nalewaja, Dallas E. Peterson, and Bryan G. Young. "Effect of Hard Water and Ammonium Sulfate on Weak Acid Herbicide Activity." In Pesticide Formulations and Delivery Systems, 30th Volume: Regulations and Innovation, 115–28. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp152720120009.

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Lampert, Winfried, Walter Fleckner, Eckart Pott, Ursula Schober, and Karl-Ulrich Störkel. "Herbicide effects on planktonic systems of different complexity." In Environmental Bioassay Techniques and their Application, 415–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1896-2_42.

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Conference papers on the topic "Effect of herbicide on"

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Priyanto, Akhmad Dwi, Daniel Saputra, Fuad Abd Rachman, and Rico Januar Sitorus. "Effect of Glyphosate Herbicide on Environmental Health." In 2nd Sriwijaya International Conference of Public Health (SICPH 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.200612.012.

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Timergalin, M. D., A. V. Feoktistova, T. V. Rameev, S. P. Chetverikov, and Z. R. Sultangazin. "Wheat yields of herbicide treatment along with auxin-producing bacteria Pseudomonas sp. DА1.2." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.246.

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The effect of the identified auxin-producing strain of bacteria on wheat plants when treated with the herbicides Chistalan and Nanometh in the field was studied. The ability of bacterial treatment to increase wheat yield under herbicidal stress due to the positive effect of bacteria on plant growth and development at early stages of development is shown.

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Owen, Micheal D. K. "Effect of Enrvironmental Conditions on Weed/Herbicide Interactions." In Proceedings of the First Annual Crop Production and Protection Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-310.

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Kalabashkina, E. V., V. A. Tsymbalova, S. V. Uldina, L. P. Abramkina, A. V. Mednov, N. A. Yashina, and L. I. Mavlutova. "Anti-slag herbicides on Agata spring wheat." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-172.

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results of research on the effect of anti-slag herbicides: Axial, CE, Verdict, VDG, Lastik exstra, EС, Pallas 45, MD on spring wheat Agata in the Moscow region are presented. The research was performed in 2019 on the fields of the Nemchinovka research center. Infestation was represented by two types of monocotyledonous weeds from the Bluegrass family (Grasses): annual bluegrass (Póa Annua) and barn grass (Echinóchloa crus-gálli). The use of anti-slag herbicides reduces the number of weeds in the experiment and their air-dry mass. Herbicide treatment increased the wheat grain yield by 1.19-1.67 t / ha and increased protein by 0.5-3.3%.

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Zhang, Yun, Xin Ke, and Lian-zhu Guan. "Effect of herbicide on microbial activity in paddy soil." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5964975.

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Cabrera, A., L. Cox, P. Velarde, and J. Cornejo. "Effect of an organic residue on herbicide field dissipation." In WASTE MANAGEMENT 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wm080611.

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Giesler, Loren J. "Can herbicides affect disease development? An overview of differentiating herbicide injury from crop disease and what is known about herbicide effects on disease development." In Proceedings of the 24th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-180.

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Feoktistova, A. V., M. D. Timergalin, T. V. Rameev, and S. P. Chetverikov. "The role of auxin-producing bacteria in the formation of a growth response in wheat plants under herbicidal stress." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.073.

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The paper presents the results of the effect of treatment with bacteria on the growth and hormonal balance of wheat plants with simultaneous exposure to the herbicide Chistalan. It is shown that herbicide stress is leveled by bacteria.

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Mickelson, S. K., and J. L. Baker. "Tillage and Herbicide Incorporation Effects on Runoff Losses." In Proceedings of the 1992 Crop Production and Protection Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-498.

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Tey, J. N., S. Gandhi, I. P. M. Wijaya, J. Wei, C. R. Suri, I. Rodriguez, and S. G. Mhaisalkar. "Liquid Gated Carbon Nanotubes Field Effect Transistors (LG-CNTFET) Platform for Herbicide Sensing." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10571.

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Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is a one-dimensional system with all its carbon atoms present on the surface, hence its conductance is highly sensitive to the surrounding charge environment. Due to the extreme charge sensitivity, biocompatibility and chemical stability, SWCNT is particularly interested in biosensing application. In this paper, we demonstrated a practical approach of fabricating laminated SWCNT liquid gate field effect transistor (LGFET) through a solution processed route involving only two materials, PDMS and SWCNT. The laminated SWCNT LGFETs show great potential towards atrazine detection. The change in the detection signal in terms of conductance was deduced to be due to electrostatic gating mechanism caused by the localized interaction between CNT and the biomolecules. Although relatively high concentration was used in the experiment, the detection limit could be lowered down further by improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement, which can be done through either signal amplification, and/or noise reduction.

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Reports on the topic "Effect of herbicide on"

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McDonald, Philip M., and Gary O. Fiddler. Effect of cattle grazing, seeded grass, and an herbicide on ponderosa pine seedling survival and growth. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-rp-242.

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Mudge, Christopher R., Kurt D. Getsinger, and Benjamin P. Sperry. Simulated Herbicide Spray Retention on Floating Aquatic Plants as Affected by Carrier Volume and Adjuvant Type. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44540.

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Foliar delivery of herbicides is a common means for plant management in aquatic environments. Though this technique is decades old, little is known about vegetative spray retention relative to this application method. A more complete understanding of maximizing herbicide retention could lead to improved plant management while simultaneously decreasing pesticide load in aquatic environments. Therefore, outdoor mesocosm experiments were conducted in 2020 to evaluate the effect of adjuvant type on foliar spray retention in waterhyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms]. Additionally, the effect of carrier volume on spray retention in waterhyacinth, waterlettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.), and giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell) was documented. Spray deposition did not differ among the nine adjuvants tested; however, spray retention was reduced 6% to 11% when an adjuvant was excluded from the spray solution. The effect of carrier volume on spray retention in waterhyacinth, waterlettuce, and giant salvinia was also investigated. Decreases in spray retention were most sensitive to increased carrier volume in waterhyacinth, followed by giant salvinia and waterlettuce. Among species, spray retention potential, as determined by intercept estimates, was greatest in waterlettuce and giant salvinia regardless of carrier volume. Asymptotes estimates for waterhyacinth, waterlettuce, and giant salvinia were 33%, 46%, and 79% spray retention, respectively. In other words, spray retention was the lowest and remained relatively constant at these values for the high carrier volumes tested (935 and 1,870 L ha⁻¹), which were likely due to the presence of pubescence on leaves and flatter leaf architecture represented by waterlettuce and giant salvinia compared to the glabrous vertical leaves of waterhyacinth. Future research will evaluate these concepts under field condition.

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Wendel, G. W., Neil I. Lamson, and Neil I. Lamson. Effects of herbicide release on the growth of 8- to 12-year-old hardwood trees. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-598.

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Taber, Henry G., and Vincent Lawson. Residual Effects of Callisto, Impact, and Laudis Herbicide on Cucumber, Pepper, Snap Bean, and Tomato. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2497.

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Wendel, G. W., Neil I. Lamson, and Neil I. Lamson. Effects of herbicide release on the growth of 8- to 12-year-old hardwood trees. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-598.

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Kochenderfer, Jeffrey D., and James N. Kochenderfer. Effects of herbicide concentration and application timing on the control of beech root and stump sprouts using the cut-stump treatment. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-48.

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Blume, Christopher, and Nick E. Christians. Herbicide Efficacy Trial. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2210.

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Lawson, Vince. Potato Herbicide Evaluations. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-53.

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Lawson, Vincent, and Henry G. Taber. Sweet Corn Herbicide Study. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-615.

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Kassel, Paul, and Terry Tuttle. Dicamba Herbicide Demonstration for Soybean. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1958.

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