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Journal articles on the topic 'Effect of Guerrilla warfare on'

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Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Paolucci, Claudio. "Pre-Truth: Fake News, Semiological Guerrilla Warfare, and Some Other Media and Communication “Revolutions”." Media and Communication 11, no. 2 (April 28, 2023): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v11i2.6628.

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In this article, I will work on the idea of Pre-Truth (as opposed to post-truth) and Semiological Guerrilla (as opposed to fake news), claiming that these two concepts are better equipped to explain what is happening in our contemporary societies, especially if we take into account the world of media and communication. In the first part of the article, I will frame the problems of fake news and post-truth within the dynamics characterizing the relationships between knowledge and power. Taking into account Foucault and Latour’s perspectives, I argue that the problem of fake news can be understood as a new kind of relationship between these two instances, previously stably coupled and in the hands of institutional power. Later, I will deal with three different meanings of “fake news,” that are usually blended and confused: (a) serendipity, (b) false belief, and (c) mendacity. Consequently, I will deal with the problem of “Semiological Guerrilla Warfare,” arguing that the new shape of the “knowledge-power relationship” rendered alternative and non-institutionally certified interpretations the norm. Eventually, I will identify the deep cause of this effect in the machinic production of documents provided by new technologies, causing a return of the medieval sense of “truth” as “trust,” independent from knowledge and strictly related to anecdotes and personal experiences. Finally, I will work on the concept of “truth” connected to technology, trying to reveal its genealogy with the aim of explaining some misleading contemporary beliefs on “post-truth.”

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2

McDonnell, Jack, and Rory David McDonald Butcher. "An Acceptable Level of Violence: Assessing the Development of the British Government’s Security Approach to ‘The Troubles’ From 1969-79." Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare 1, no. 2 (November 16, 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/jicw.v1i2.654.

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Those seeking to engage in warfare against organised governments in the 21st century are increasingly relying on such governments being unable to respond in an appropriate manner. The latter half of the 20th century in Northern Ireland is a perfect example of a ruling authority modifying its approach to the security issues it was confronted by throughout the conflict. “The Troubles”, as the three decades of guerrilla warfare has now become known, was dealt with by the British establishment through three specific policies – all of which saw changes implemented during the first ten years of the landmark conflict. These were: the implementation of Direct Rule, the so-called “Normalisation” of asymmetric warfare, and the reliance on the local paramilitaries over the British Army. All of these policies can be seen to have failed in particular ways, although careful examination shall explain the logic behind these shifts in British reactionary policy and their effects in the regions of the province of Ulster affected by the conflict. Being a very brief survey of this conflict, this paper does not address other policies enacted – nor does it encompass every aspect of the evidence available. It merely aims to act as an overview.

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3

Campbell, Leon G., and Che Guevara. "Guerrilla Warfare." American Historical Review 91, no. 1 (February 1986): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1867433.

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4

Clegern, Wayne M., Che Guevara, and J. P. Morray. "Guerrilla Warfare." Hispanic American Historical Review 66, no. 2 (May 1986): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2515159.

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5

Clegern, Wayne M. "Guerrilla Warfare." Hispanic American Historical Review 66, no. 2 (May 1, 1986): 392–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-66.2.392.

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6

Wickham-Crowley, Timothy. "Guerrilla Warfare." Hispanic American Historical Review 79, no. 3 (August 1, 1999): 561–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-79.3.561.

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7

Knoops, Geert-Jan Alexander. "The Transposition of Superior Responsibility onto Guerrilla Warfare under the Laws of the International Criminal Tribunals." International Criminal Law Review 7, no. 2-3 (2007): 505–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156753607x204293.

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AbstractThis article deals with the question whether and how to assess superior responsibility within irregular (guerrilla) warfare; based on the principles developed by the international criminal tribunals on the area of superior responsibility for regular forces. In particular the article examines whether those criteria are useful to apply to guerrilla warfare. Specific problems, typical for guerrilla warfare, are analyzed such as the organizational level, the exercise of effective command and control, the assessment of the mens rea criterion within a complex situation of guerrilla warfare. Additionally, the material ability to prevent or punish crimes within guerrilla forces seems a point of concern in view of the absence of proper disciplinary systems within this type of warfare. Recent case law of the ICTY is taken into account in order to arrive at an answer to the main research question.

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8

Hahlweg, Werner. "Clausewitz and guerrilla warfare." Journal of Strategic Studies 9, no. 2-3 (June 1986): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402398608437262.

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9

Kalyanaraman, S. "Conceptualisations of Guerrilla warfare." Strategic Analysis 27, no. 2 (April 2003): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09700160308450082.

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10

MacKenzie, S. P., and Ian F. W. Beckett. "Encyclopedia of Guerrilla Warfare." Journal of Military History 64, no. 2 (April 2000): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/120325.

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11

Ibrahim, Azeem. "Conceptualisation of Guerrilla Warfare." Small Wars & Insurgencies 15, no. 3 (November 2004): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0959231042000275597.

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12

Maclean, Fitzroy. "THE SETTING FOR GUERRILLA WARFARE." RUSI Journal 156, no. 1 (February 2011): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2011.559991.

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13

Hajnal, Peter I. "Psychological operations in guerrilla warfare." Government Information Quarterly 2, no. 3 (January 1985): 330–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0740-624x(85)90017-6.

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14

Wijaya, M.Hum., Dr I. Nyoman. "Biografi Sebagai Pintu Masuk Mencermati Peristiwa Remeh Temeh Sehari-Hari Dalam Revolusi Indonesia (1945-1949) di Bali." Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha 5, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jscl.v5i1.28822.

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This study discusses biography as an entry point to talk about trivial everyday events taking place during Indonesia’s physical revolution (1945-1949) in Bali. If in the arena of guerrilla warfare trivial everyday stories can be seen, what about outside the arena? Starting from this central question, this study will attempt to see trivial everyday events in Indonesia’s revolution in Bali, especially events taking place outside the arena of guerrilla warfare. Those events, however, do not stand alone, but they are entwined with Indonesia’s revolution in Bali. Outside the arena of guerilla war, those trivial everyday events can be seen in each stage of Indonesia’s revolution in Bali distributed in various villages. The research results indicate that biographical figures born in the 1930s, aged from 11 to 15-year-old, during the period of guerrilla warfare managed to retell those trivial events. Even though not directly involved in the guerrilla warfare, they were able to provide information about those events, because some of them were actively involved as mail couriers connecting the fighters and their families. Most of the information they provided has not been recorded in the grand narrative of the history of Indonesia’s physical revolution in Bali.

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15

Iman, Khoerozadi Faizal, Robertus Heru Triharjanto, Heri Budi Wibowo, Novky Asmoro, and Tsaniyah Wulandari. "ANALYSIS OF WEAPON TECHNOLOGY AND DEFENSE RESOURCES USED IN THE INDONESIAN GUERRILLA WAR 1945 – 1949." Santhet (Jurnal Sejarah Pendidikan Dan Humaniora) 7, no. 2 (September 21, 2023): 669–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36526/santhet.v7i2.2994.

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Guerrilla War strategy became an important part of the history of Indonesia's struggle. The limited weapon technology and defense resources used in the Guerrilla War made the choice of strategy become important. Therefore, an analysis of the utilization of weapon technology and defense resources used during Indonesian Guerrilla War from 1949 to 1949 will provide a deeper understanding of how limited resources can be effectively utilized in the struggle for independence. This method uses a qualitative method with a narrative/historical approach to analyze the utilization of defense equipment technology and weaponry resources in the period of the Indonesian guerrilla war in 1945-1949. Through this analysis, it can be seen that the guerrilla strategy succeeded in maximizing the potential and effectiveness of limited weaponry resources. Environmental factors, battle tactics, and the courage of fighters were successful in maintaining independence. In the perspective of asymmetrical warfare, Indonesia's guerrilla warfare strategy succeeded in balancing superior forces.

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16

Sandler, Todd. "On terrorism, guerrilla warfare, and insurrections." Defence Economics 3, no. 4 (November 1992): 259–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10430719208404735.

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17

Linn, Brian McAllister. "Book Review: America and Guerrilla Warfare." War in History 9, no. 3 (July 2002): 373–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096834450200900315.

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18

Brito, Dagobert L., and Michael D. Intriligator. "An economic model of guerrilla warfare∗." International Interactions 15, no. 3-4 (March 1990): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050629008434736.

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19

Fershtman, Chaim. "Survival of Small Firms: Guerrilla Warfare." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 5, no. 1 (January 13, 2005): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1996.00131.x.

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20

Denysiuk, Irmina. "Irregular Warfare and Modern Defense – Counterinsurgency Operations." Safety & Defense 6, no. 2 (July 28, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37105/sd.71.

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Nowadays, there are a lot of dangers, not only those related to the military. Particular attention should be paid to the threat of guerrilla activity. Therefore, the aim of this article is to indicate the essence of contemporary guerrilla operations in conflicts, and their methods of operation that allow them to achieve their goals. It was also assumed that the modern crisis response operations, and especially COIN (counterinsurgency) operations, constitute a comprehensive approach to counteracting guerrilla activity. This article uses theoretical methods. Using the analysis and synthesis of materials and studies, the most important conclusions were pointed out. The leading role in prevention insurgency activities lies with the United Nations, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and their crisis response operations. In the Strategic Concept NATO 2010 specialists are putting more attention to conducting counterinsurgency operations (COIN). COIN operations are nowadays the most comprehensive tool for combating guerrilla activity, which mainly hits the civilian population. The concepts of using the assumptions of anti-Partisan operations should be implemented on a full scale, including in the armed forces of the Republic of Poland. Particular attention should be paid to the threat of the guerrilla activity in conflicts. These problems are complex and they deal with many aspects (social, economic, cultural, political and many others). Moreover the partisans activities are irregular and they are often targeted at civilians. This article indicates the methods and techniques used by insurgents in the fight against the state / government. Reference has also been made to the activities that inhibit their activity - complex counterinsurgency operations.

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21

Pereira, Américo. "MAJOR GENERAL SIR COLIN GUBBINS’ PRACTICAL HANDBOOK." Isagoge - Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (December 26, 2023): 299–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.59079/isagoge.v3i1.219.

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When the world prepared itself for what would be WWII, Colin Gubbins created a practical handbook in which he laid the foundations of guerrilla warfare as a methodology and an art largely contributing for the defeat of apparently stronger military forces employed by an attacking enemy on an apparently weaker force. Guerrilla, scientifically structured, is the equalizing tool that permits the initially weaker power to diminish the superiority of the stronger, thus allowing for a goal not just of a lighter defeat, but of a possible victory. This effectiveness of guerrilla warfare is most useful when the perspective of the attacked power is an existential one.

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22

Dam, Caspar ten. "Brutalities in Anti‑Imperial Revolts." Politeja 12, no. 8 (31/2) (December 31, 2015): 199–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.12.2015.31_2.13.

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In order to understand and resolve internal armed conflicts one must comprehend why and how people revolt, and under what conditions they brutalise i.e. increasingly resort to terrorism, banditry, brigandry, “gangsterism” and other forms of violence that violate contemporary local and/or present‑day international norms that I believe are, in the final analysis, all based on the principles of conscience, empathy and honour. Contemporary “global” or regional norms distinct from those of the rebelling community, and the norms of the regime community and/or colonial power, are also considered. My pessimistically formulated and thereby quite testable brutalisation theory combines theorising elements of disciplines ranging from cultural anthropology to military psychology, so as to better explain rebellions or any armed conflicts and their morally corrosive effects. The theory’s main variables are: violence‑values (my composite term) on proper and improper violence; conflict‑inducing motivations, in particular grievances, avarices, interests and ideologies, that bring about i.e. cause or trigger the conflict; combat‑stresses like fear, fatigue and rage resulting from or leading to traumas (and hypothetically to brutalities as well); and conflict‑induced motivations, in particular grievances, avarices, interest and ideologies, that happen by, through and during the conflict. The present paper is an exploratory introduction to an ambitious research project, succinctly titled “Brutalisation in Anti‑Imperial Revolts”, with advice and support from Professor Tomasz Polanski. The paper addresses the project’s relevance and its epistemological and methodological challenges. The project seeks to explain rebellion, banditry and other forms of violence that may or may not be inherently brutal. It seeks to ascertain the causes and degrees of any brutalisations i.e. increasing violations of norms during rebellions by peripheral, marginalised ethnic (indigenous) communities against their overlords in classical, medieval and “modern” (industrial) times. It introduces seven selected cases of “peripheral‑ethnic revolts” by indigenous communities – as (semi‑) state actors, non‑state actors or both (yet possessing at least residual ruling capabilities) – against Imperial powers across the ages, with a special focus on banditry, “brigandry” (brigandage), guerrilla and other forms of irregular warfare. The first stage of the research will analyse and compare the causes i.e. motivations and involved norms, sorts of violence and degrees of brutalisation in these seven cases.

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23

Moxon-Browne, E. "Terrorism and guerrilla warfare: forecasts and remedies." International Affairs 66, no. 4 (October 1990): 801–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2620377.

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24

Smaldone, Joseph P., and Stephen L. Weigert. "Religion and Guerrilla Warfare in Modern Africa." Journal of Military History 60, no. 4 (October 1996): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2944694.

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25

Higham, Robin. "Professional Note: Air Operations as Guerrilla Warfare." Defense Analysis 15, no. 2 (August 1999): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713604667.

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26

Intriligator, Michael D., and Dagobert L. Brito. "A predator-prey model of guerrilla warfare." Synthese 76, no. 2 (August 1988): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00869590.

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27

Nam, Soung Ho, and Yeon Soung Ryu. "A development proposal of modern guerrilla warfare through a case study of guerrilla warfare in the Korean War." Korean National Security and Public Safety Association 12 (June 30, 2021): 37–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36847/knspsa.2021.12.2.

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28

Morgos, Dorothy, J. William Worden, and Leila Gupta. "Psychosocial Effects of War Experiences among Displaced Children in Southern Darfur." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 56, no. 3 (May 2008): 229–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.56.3.b.

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This study focused on assessing the psychosocial effects of the long standing, high intensity, and guerrilla-style of warfare among displaced children in Southern Darfur. The goal was to better understand the etiology, prognosis, and treatment implications for traumatic reactions, depression, and grief symptoms in this population. Three hundred thirty-one children aged 6–17 from three IDP Camps were selected using a quota sampling approach and were administered a Demographic Questionnaire, Child Post Traumatic Stress Reaction Index, Child Depression Inventory, and the Expanded Grief Inventory. Forty-three percent were girls and 57% were boys. The mean age of the children was 12 years. Results found that children were exposed to a very large number of war experiences with no significant differences between genders for types of exposure, including rape, but with older children (13–17 years) facing a larger number of exposures than younger children (6–12 years). Out of the 16 possible war experiences, the mean number was 8.94 ( SD = 3.27). Seventy-five percent of the children met the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD, and 38% exhibited clinical symptoms of depression. The percentage of children endorsing significant levels of grief symptoms was 20%. Increased exposure to war experiences led to higher levels of: 1) traumatic reactions; 2) depression; and 3) grief symptoms. Of the 16 war experiences, abduction, hiding to protect oneself, being raped, and being forced to kill or hurt family members were most predictive of traumatic reactions. Being raped, seeing others raped, the death of a parent/s, being forced to fight, and having to hide to protect oneself were the strongest predictors of depressive symptoms. War experiences such as abduction, death of one's parent/s, being forced to fight, and having to hide to protect oneself were the most associated with the child's experience of grief. In addition to Total Grief, Traumatic Grief, Existential Grief, and Continuing Bonds were measured in these children. Although trauma, depression, and grief often exist as co-morbid disorders, the mechanisms and pathways of these is less understood. In this study we used Structural Equation Modeling to better understand the complex interaction and trajectories of these three symptoms evolving from war exposure and loss. This study is the first of its kind to assess the psychosocial effects of war experiences among children currently living in war zone areas within Sudan. It identifies some of the most prevalent war-related atrocities and their varying impact on the children's psychological well-being and overall adjustment. Implications for planning mental health interventions are discussed.

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29

Marco, Jorge. "Transnational Soldiers and Guerrilla Warfare from the Spanish Civil War to the Second World War." War in History 27, no. 3 (September 20, 2018): 387–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344518761212.

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This article analyses how military institutions incorporated innovations in their tactics using the intermediary role of transnational soldiers in the Spanish Civil War. The Soviet experience of guerrilla warfare during the Russian Civil War was transferred to foreign volunteers during the war in Spain thanks to the collaboration of Soviet experts advising the Spanish Republican Army. After the war, these soldiers’ knowledge and experience of guerrilla warfare were invaluable to the Allied Armies during the Second World War. This article analyses the role of International Brigaders in the OSS in the USA, North Africa, and Europe during the Second World War.

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30

Childs, Matt D. "An Historical Critique of the Emergence and Evolution of Ernesto Che Guevara's Foco Theory." Journal of Latin American Studies 27, no. 3 (October 1995): 593–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00011627.

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AbstractThis article provides an analysis of Ernesto Che Guevara's theory of guerrilla warfare, the foco. The numerous changes to the original foco thesis, as presented in Guerrilla Warfare (1960), are examined in detail covering two dozen articles, speeches, essays, interviews and books authored by Guevara, Castro and Debray while stressing their relation to national and international politics. The author argues that there was an apparent discourse between Cuban politics and the numerous changes in Guevara's writings. Juxtaposing changes to the foco theory from 1960 to 1967, to Cuban historical events, reflects the political expedience of the 1960s and the primary interests of the fidelistas, specifically Guevara.

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31

Gupta, Harshita, and Saumya Singh. "Sustainable practices through green guerrilla marketing – an innovative approach." Journal on Innovation and Sustainability. RISUS ISSN 2179-3565 8, no. 2 (June 11, 2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24212/2179-3565.2017v8i2p61-78.

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Sustainability is the need of the hour. Organizations that align the interests of all their stakeholders – customers, investors and employees are considered to act for sustainable development. But some of the organizations compromise to this fact. They are rather busy exploiting the resources. Bluffing the customers for making quick profits has become a prevalent notion. Amidst all these selfish motives, they tend to forget about the repercussions which we and our planet may endure as a whole in near future. There are many evidences when responsible companies have proved themselves performing better in the long run.Green Guerrilla Marketing is an innovative concept, trying to figure out various ways to successfully market the products and at the same time acting ethically and socially responsible towards the sustainable development. It revolves around being conscious about 3Ps which are People, Profits and Planet. Guerrilla Marketing is an unconventional marketing strategy that focuses on attracting huge customer base with least amount of cost involved. Roots of Guerrilla Marketing can be traced to guerrilla warfare that was off-center warfare technique using unusual tactics by the armed civilians during Vietnam War in the 1960s. Since then this marketing concept has attracted many business houses. So far, Guerrilla Marketing was considered only as a creative tool for promoting ones’ product and services but now it can be seen as a responsible tool as well, which works toward a better society at large under the broad head of Green Guerrilla Marketing. Therefore, the paper is a pioneer attempt in understanding the potential of Green Guerrilla Marketing in the light of both sustainability and innovation at the same time. Also, it discusses various guerrilla techniques to market the products ethically without compromising on the profits. In the end, the paper also evaluates the examples to examine the concept.

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32

Lonsdale, John, and Stephen L. Weigert. "Traditional Religion and Guerrilla Warfare in Modern Africa." International Journal of African Historical Studies 30, no. 2 (1997): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/221266.

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33

Kassimer, Ronald, and Stephen L. Weigert. "Traditional Religion and Guerrilla Warfare in Modern Africa." African Studies Review 41, no. 2 (September 1998): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524861.

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34

Davies-Stofka, Beth. "Towards a jus in bello of Guerrilla Warfare." Political Theology 6, no. 2 (February 11, 2005): 193–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/poth.6.2.193.65447.

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35

Williams, John W. "Carlos Marighela: The father of urban guerrilla warfare." Terrorism 12, no. 1 (January 1989): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10576108908435757.

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36

Brito, Dagobert L., and Michael D. Intriligator. "Narco‐traffic and guerrilla warfare: A new symbiosis." Defence Economics 3, no. 4 (November 1992): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10430719208404736.

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37

Dix, Robert H., and Jorge Pablo Osterling. "Democracy in Colombia: Clientelistic Politics and Guerrilla Warfare." Hispanic American Historical Review 70, no. 1 (February 1990): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2516402.

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38

Currey, Cecil B., and Anthony James Joes. "Guerrilla Warfare: A Historical, Biographical, and Bibliographical Sourcebook." Journal of Military History 61, no. 3 (July 1997): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2954049.

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39

Dix, Robert H. "Democracy in Colombia: Clientelistic Politics and Guerrilla Warfare." Hispanic American Historical Review 70, no. 1 (February 1, 1990): 204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-70.1.204.

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40

Hall, Joshua M. "Guerrilla Warrior-Mages." Philosophy Today 67, no. 2 (2023): 405–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtoday2023523485.

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If, as asserted by the French collective Tiqqun, we are essentially living in a global colony, where the 1% control the 99%, then it follows that the revolutionary struggle should strategically reorient itself as guerrilla warfare. The agents of this war, Tiqqun characterize, in part, by drawing on ethnologists Pierre de Clastres and Ernesto de Martino, specifically their figures of the Indigenous American warrior and the Southern Italian sorcerer, respectively. Hybridizing these two figures into that of the “warrior-mage,” the present article posits an actionable exemplar thereof in players of the massively popular trading and online card game, Magic: The Gathering (MTG). More specifically, I propose a strategic mapping of MTG’s five colors of magic onto the five divisions of a coalition against late capitalist Empire, which I call the “Warrior-Mage Guild,” including liberation clerics, animal rights activists, propagandists, anti-psychiatrists, hackers, saboteurs, and those who threaten decolonizing force contra Empire.

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41

Chakawa, Joshua, and V. Z. Nyawo-Shava. "Guerrilla warfare and the environment in Southern Africa: Impediments faced by ZIPRA and Umkhonto Wesizwe." Oral History Journal of South Africa 2, no. 2 (February 4, 2015): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2309-5792/6.

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Zimbabwe Peoples’ Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) was the armed wing of Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU) which waged the war to liberate Zimbabwe. It operated from its bases in Zambia between 1964 and 1980. Umkhonto Wesizwe (MK) was ANC’s armed wing which sought to liberate South Africa from minority rule. Both forces (MK and ZIPRA) worked side by side until the attainment of independence by Zimbabwe when ANC guerrillas were sent back to Zambia by the new Zimbabwean government. This paper argues that the failure of ZIPRA and Umkhonto Wesizwe to deploy larger numbers of guerrillas to the war front in Zimbabwe (then Rhodesia) and South Africa was mainly caused by bio-physical challenges. ZAPU and ANC guerrillas faced the difficult task of crossing the Zambezi River and then walking through the sparsely vegetated areas, game reserves and parks until they reached villages deep in the country. Rhodesian and South African Defense Forces found it relatively easy to disrupt guerrilla movements along these routes. Even after entering into Rhodesia, ANC guerrillas had environmental challenges in crossing to South Africa. As such, they could not effectively launch protracted rural guerrilla warfare. Studies on ZIPRA and ANC guerrilla warfare have tended to ignore these environmental problems across inhospitable territories. For the ANC, surveillance along Limpopo River and in Kruger National Park acted more as impediments than conduits. ANC also had to cope with almost all challenges which confronted ZIPRA guerrillas such as the Zambezi, Lake Kariba and various parks which Rhodesians always used as a first line of defense but had a geographically difficult task in South Africa where the environment was not attractive for a guerrilla warfare.

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Nesterov, Dmitriy Aleksandrovich. "Colonial experience and the theory of counter-guerrilla warfare in the USA: a source study of materials from the RAND Corporation in the first half of the 1960s." Samara Journal of Science 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201872213.

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This paper analyzes materials of the RAND Corporation of the first half of the 1960s, devoted to the study of the colonial experience of European empires and the theory of counter-guerrilla warfare. The entire set of documents created by the RAND Corporation allows researchers, firstly, to analyze the intellectual resource available to the American establishment before the invasion of Vietnam, and to understand the causes of the mistakes and successes of the US armed forces in this region, and secondly, these materials allow to analyze the role of colonial and anthropological knowledge in US foreign policy during the Cold War. The sources considered by us in the paper can be classified both by their typology and by their subject matter: from the point of view of typology, RAND Corporations materials are divided into articles, memoranda and symposia materials, as well as from the point of view of subjects on the research of the war for Algeria, the Malay Company, counter-guerrilla warfare in Vietnam and general theoretical issues related to counter-insurgency operations. In the conclusion of the paper the author says about the great role of these sources in the study, both colonial experience and the theory of counter-guerrilla warfare, as well as military, political, social and economic, thus contributing to the interdisciplinarity of scientific papers.

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Newhard, Joseph Michael. "On the Use of Guerrillas in Defense of Stateless Territory." New Perspectives on Political Economy 18, no. 1-2 (July 25, 2022): 12–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.62374/sn2a9e71.

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Rothbard (1999) argues that morality and utility require a guerrilla defense of libertarian societies, an assessment shared by many libertarian thinkers. This paper reviews the literature on guerrilla warfare to consider whether guerrilla forces alone, wielding small arms and light weapons, could successfully defend anarcho-capitalist territory. Despite the romance that surrounds them, the expert consensus is that guerrilla wars are fought only out of necessity by relatively weak powers. They are protracted wars of attrition fought on one’s own territory and as such are highly destructive of the defending homelands. If the enemy does not distinguish between military and civilian targets, as is likely to be the case in a war with anarchist citizen-soldiers, defeat is almost assured. Guerrillas are most effective as complements to regular forces rather than as substitutes, and a strictly guerrilla defense should be employed only as a last resort in the event of a collapse of the regular army or an inability to raise an army.

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Malkin, Stanislav Gennad’evich, and Dmitriy Aleksandrovich Nesterov. "Colonial experience and the theory of counter-guerrilla warfare in the USA: a symposium of RAND, April 16-20, 1962 as a historic source." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201764215.

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This paper analyzes the materials of the symposium held by the RAND Corporation from 16 to 20 April 1962. Its purpose was to generalize the experience of past combat conflicts, which could contribute to an effective fight against insurgents in future conflicts. Twelve military officers of the armies of the United States, Britain, France and Australia participated in this symposium. All of them took part in counter-guerrilla operations around the world - Algeria, China, Greece, Kenya, Laos, Malaya, Oman, South Vietnam and the Philippines. Their rich experience formed the basis of this symposium. The goals and objectives of the symposium, the features of the materials and the biographies of the participants are consecrated in details in the paper. The questions discussed at the meeting are discussed in details. They are characteristics and examples of guerrilla warfare; primary objectives of counterinsurgency and some effective organizational and operational approaches; tactics and techniques of counter-guerrilla warfare; principles and techniques of political action; psychological warfare and civil actions; intelligence and counterintelligence: problems and techniques of intelligence-gathering, and the importance of communications; British campaign in Kenya; selection of personnel for counterinsurgency; special role of the advisor; winning the Counterguerrilla War. The conclusion of the paper shows a special significance of the materials of this symposium for the study of military thought during the Cold War, and especially the influence of the colonial experience of European empires on US foreign policy.

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기세찬. "A Study on Chinese Nationalist Guerrilla Warfare against Japan." SA-CHONG(sa) ll, no. 82 (May 2014): 155–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.16957/sa..82.201405.155.

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Sutherland, Daniel E. "Guerrilla Warfare, Democracy, and the Fate of the Confederacy." Journal of Southern History 68, no. 2 (May 2002): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3069933.

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Neely, Mark E. "Guerrilla Warfare, Slavery, and the Hopes of the Confederacy." Journal of the Civil War Era 6, no. 3 (2016): 376–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwe.2016.0049.

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Wickham-Crowley, Timothy P. "Terror and Guerrilla Warfare in Latin America, 1956–1970." Comparative Studies in Society and History 32, no. 2 (April 1990): 201–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500016467.

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Most of the extraordinary waves of terror which have swept many Latin American societies since 1970 have occurred in guerrilla-based insurgencies or even civil wars. Because of the massive body counts produced during these confrontations between revolutionaries and counterrevolutionaries based in or linked with a government, human rights organizations have issued a long series of reports about terror—especially that which has been carried out by incumbent regimes and death squads—and which has been supplemented by the exposés of the guerrillas themselves. Amnesty International, the Human Rights group in the Organization of American States (OAS), and Americas Watch have been the major international actors documenting the wave of terror. Many independent national groups, such as El Salvador's “Socorro Juridico” and other human rights organizations linked with church bodies have undertaken that more perilous task at home.

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Maddox, Kelly. "An Island of Killing and Slaughter: Anti-Guerrilla Warfare and Civilian-Targeted Violence in Panay, 1943." Journal of Contemporary History 55, no. 3 (August 28, 2019): 535–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009419843313.

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Between July and December 1943, Japanese forces in Panay, the Philippines, perpetrated large-scale and widespread atrocities that deliberately targeted the civilian populace of the island. Houses were burned, crops destroyed, livestock slaughtered, and thousands of civilians of all ages and genders were killed. These atrocities were employed strategically as part of an anti-guerrilla campaign designed to compel civilians to give up their support for a guerrilla resistance movement which had flourished in Panay since the surrender of USAFFE troops in May 1942. The conduct of Japanese troops during this campaign was a drastic departure from earlier anti-guerrilla efforts which had avoided attacks against the civilian population in favour of pacification policies. In this article, I draw on Japanese, Philippine and US sources to reconstruct the history of anti-guerrilla warfare and civilian-targeted violence in Panay, a case that has received limited scholarly attention, to build a more complete picture of the context in which Japanese strategy shifted so dramatically in 1943. I explore the circumstances in which Japanese commanders decided to employ violence against civilians and offer some insights into the factors that shaped the radicalisation of military strategy useful for understanding atrocities perpetrated by Japanese forces in other contexts.

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De Majo, Claudio. "Fire and Power on the River Basin: Irregular Warfare and Socio-Environmental Consequences of the Guerrilla in Araguaia, Brazil." Global Environment 14, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 58–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/ge.2021.140103.

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The aim of this article is to retrace a guerrilla episode that occurred in the Amazon region of Araguaia during the military dictatorship in Brazil (1972?1975), opposing a group of militants from the Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB) and the National Brazilian Army. Taking advantage of the geographical characteristics of the region, a small group of guerrilla fighters was able to confront a large military contingent for almost three years. As this article demonstrates, appealing to the powerful symbolic potential of the Amazon jungle, the guerrilla created a solid environmental narrative of force and shrewdness supported by the local population. However, as military forces began to better explore the region and to resort to irregular warfare strategies, they managed to curb the guerrilla, exterminating almost every member involved in the fight. Finally, this article looks at the marked socio-environmental scars that the conflict left in the region, and how these influenced social, political and ecological equilibriums during the following decades.

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