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Journal articles on the topic 'Effect of drugs on'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Bocharova, Inna Anatolevna, Vadim Agadzhanov, and Vadim Sagalaev. "Drug addiction. Drugs and their effects on man." Vestnik Volgogradskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Serija 11. Estestvennye nauki, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu11.2013.2.3.

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AHMED, SAIMA, MUHAMMAD ASADULLAH, and ATA-UR REHMAN. "EFFECT OF DRUGS;." Professional Medical Journal 20, no. 01 (December 10, 2012): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.01.586.

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ABSTRACT... Objective: The aim of this study was to determine head-dipping exploratory test parameter as a measure of strongmodulating effect on brain and behavior. Design: It was an observational animal study. Setting: University of Karachi. Period: Jan 2004 toJuly 2006. Material & methods: In this present study, drugs used reserpine, nux- vomica; anacardium and chlorpromazine were widerange of pharmacological actions. We evaluate the effectiveness of these drugs as agents with modulating effect on brain and behavioraccessed by head dipping parameter. In this study, 25 mice were included belonging to both sexes. The study animals were divided intofive groups of five animals each. Four groups were given drugs and one group was kept as control. Mice (20-35g) of either sex were usedin this study. One group was kept as control for drugs. Mice were kept under room temperature. Tap-water was allowed ad-Libitum.30minutes after giving drugs, animals were observed for 10 minutes with two minutes of interval. Tablet crushed in 10ml of water, 1cc wasgiven. Screening method used was head dipping. Results: Strychnos Nux-Vomica when used in a dose of 0.07mg has strong action oncholinergic system, CNS activity and frequent head dipping (39.8±28.8) was observed. Rauwolfia serpentine is an active alkaloidparticularly present in reserpine (62.2±43.4) no significant head dipping effect was observed. Anacardium (37.2±28.6) &Chlorpromazine (39.4±32.4), show decrease effects. Keeping in view, the medicinal importance of these herbs, our present study wasdesigned to screen these drugs for CNS activity on albino mice.

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Sharifovna, Xidoyatova Zulfiya, Azimova Nozima Akramovna, and Azimova Munira Takhirovna. "Analysis Of The Assortment Of Drugs With A Sedative Effect." American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 03, no. 01 (January 22, 2021): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/volume03issue01-12.

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A content analysis of the pharmaceutical market range of drugs with sedative effect was conducted. In the analysis of drugs with sedative effect, "West trade", "Floromed", "Grand farm", "Tabletka", "Dava", "Shafran farm", "Glucose", "Tetra", "Kobiljon Obidjon", "Pharmacy diabetes", "Navbahor", "777 pharmacy", "999 pharmacy", "pharmacy Malikabonu" pharmacies, the Department of neurology of the II clinic of the Tashkent Medical Academy, the State Department of medicines and medical products the basis of the register was. Determination of the share of products of manufacturing enterprises in the pharmaceutical market was the main objective of the study carried out.

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Tulegenova, Symbat, Raikhan Beisenova, and Almagul Auelbekova. "The sensitivity of algae to the effect of antifungal drugs." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 97, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2020bmg1/90-95.

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5

Grøndahl, Tor Ø., and Iver A. Langmoen. "Epileptogenic effect of antibiotic drugs." Journal of Neurosurgery 78, no. 6 (June 1993): 938–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1993.78.6.0938.

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✓ The epileptogenicity of antibiotic drugs represents a clinical problem, and it is well known that the use of penicillin and certain other preparations can induce seizures. In the present study, the authors investigated the epileptogenic properties of different concentrations of 12 commonly used antibiotic medications belonging to seven separate groups. The drugs were tested in the hippocampus, which has a low threshold for the development of epileptiform activity. The hippocampal slice technique, using rat tissue, was employed since absence of the blood-brain barrier allows administration of the drugs in known concentrations. The preparation was exposed to antibiotics in known concentrations and the amplitude and number of population spikes were recorded. Penicillin G was used as a reference substance. Cloxacillin (≥ 1 gm/liter), cephalothin (≥ 1 gm/liter), gentamicin (≥ 80 mg/liter), chloramphenicol (≥ 1 gm/liter), ciprofloxacin (≥ 50 mg/liter), erythromycin (≥ 1 gm/liter), and ampicillin (≥ 1 gm/liter) showed moderate to marked epileptogenic effects, whereas cefuroxime, clindamycin, cefotaxime, vancomycin, and tobramycin had no epileptogenic effects.

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Korzeniewska-Rybicka, I. "Analgesic Effect of Antidepressant Drugs." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 59, no. 2 (February 1998): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0091-3057(97)00336-5.

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7

Kılıçaslan AYNA, Tülay, Hayriye Şentürk ÇİFTÇİ, Hilmi TOZKIR, Mehmet GÜRTEKİN, and Mahmut ÇARİN. "Effect Mechanism Of Immunosupressive Drugs." European Journal of Therapeutics 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.58600/eurjther.2009-15-3-1390-arch.

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Effective immunosuppression is a key to successful organ transplantation. This study will provide an overview of different immunosuppressive agents used in solid organ transplantation. An increasing number of immunosuppressive agents are available and these agents target different steps of the immunological response to an allograft. These immunosuppressive agents are steroids, anti- proliferative agents (azathioprine and mycophenolate), calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine and tacrolimus), TOR inhibitors (sirolimus and everolimus), polyclonal and monoclonal antibody preparations.

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8

Toth, Miklos. "Epigenetic Neuropharmacology: Drugs Affecting the Epigenome in the Brain." Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 61, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 181–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-030220-022920.

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This review explores how different classes of drugs, including those with therapeutic and abuse potential, alter brain functions and behavior via the epigenome. Epigenetics, in its simplest interpretation, is the study of the regulation of a genes’ transcriptional potential. The epigenome is established during development but is malleable throughout life by a wide variety of drugs, with both clinical utility and abuse potential. An epigenetic effect can be central to the drug's therapeutic or abuse potential, or it can be independent from the main effect but nevertheless produce beneficial or adverse side effects. Here, I discuss the various epigenetic effects of main pharmacological drug classes, including antidepressants, antiepileptics, and drugs of abuse.

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9

Hollon, Steven D., Robert J. DeRubeis, Richard C. Shelton, and Bahr Weiss. "The emperor's new drugs: Effect size and moderation effects." Prevention & Treatment 5, No Issue Specified (2002): No First Page Specified—No Last Page Specified. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//1522-3736.5.0028c.

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10

Marcus, F. I. "Titrating cardiovascular drugs." Clinical Chemistry 42, no. 8 (August 1, 1996): 1312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/42.8.1312.

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Abstract Titrating cardiovascular drugs is important to ensure efficacy and to minimize the risk of toxicity. A serum assay is extremely useful to guide digoxin therapy. Assessment of the effect of warfarin on blood clotting should be used to adjust dose. Serum cholesterol and lipid measurements guide therapy with antilipemic agents. The antihypertensive drugs, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and vasodilators can be assessed by their clinical effects. There is no strict relation between serum concentration of antiarrhythmic drugs and their effects, nor is it clear that the long-term efficacy of these drugs can be assessed by surrogate end points.

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11

TOTSUKA, KYOICHI. "Relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and effect of antibacterial drugs. Quinolon drugs." Rinsho yakuri/Japanese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 21, no. 1 (1990): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3999/jscpt.21.171.

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12

Schreuder, Michiel F., Ruud R. Bueters, Marleen C. Huigen, Frans G. M. Russel, Rosalinde Masereeuw, and Lambertus P. van den Heuvel. "Effect of Drugs on Renal Development." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 6, no. 1 (November 11, 2010): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.04740510.

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13

Dopp, Anna Legreid, John M. Miller, and James E. Tisdale. "Effect of Drugs on Defibrillation Capacity." Drugs 68, no. 5 (2008): 607–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200868050-00004.

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14

Rihab, Charfi, Sawsan Daoud, Nouha Farhat, Salma Sakka, Khadija Sonda Moalla, Nadia Bouattour, Olfa Hdiji, Mariem Damak, and Chokri Mhiri. "Adverse effect profile of antiepileptic drugs." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 429 (October 2021): 119126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2021.119126.

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15

&NA;. "Small drugs could have big effect." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1357 (September 2002): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200213570-00007.

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16

Biton, Victor. "Effect of Antiepileptic Drugs on Bodyweight." CNS Drugs 17, no. 11 (2003): 781–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200317110-00002.

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17

Peatey, Christopher L., Tina S. Skinner‐Adams, Matthew W. A. Dixon, James S. McCarthy, Donald L. Gardiner, and Katharine R. Trenholme. "Effect of Antimalarial Drugs onPlasmodium falciparumGametocytes." Journal of Infectious Diseases 200, no. 10 (November 15, 2009): 1518–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/644645.

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18

Teixeira, Marcus. "Similitude and Rebound Effect of Drugs." Homoeopathic Links 27, no. 02 (June 5, 2014): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1368339.

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19

Harder, S., P. Thürmann, and N. Rietbrock. "CONCENTRATION/EFFECT ANALYSIS OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS." American Journal of Therapeutics 1, no. 2 (August 1994): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00045391-199408000-00003.

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20

HASCOET, M., and M. BOURIN. "ANTICONFLICT EFFECT OF FOUR 5HT1a DRUGS." Clinical Neuropharmacology 15 (1992): 481B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002826-199202001-00935.

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21

Fuller, John L. "EFFECT OF DRUGS ON PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT *." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 96, no. 1 (December 15, 2006): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1962.tb50116.x.

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22

Placidi, Fabio, Anna Scalise, Maria Grazia Marciani, Andrea Romigi, Marina Diomedi, and Gian Luigi Gigli. "Effect of antiepileptic drugs on sleep." Clinical Neurophysiology 111 (September 2000): S115—S119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(00)00411-9.

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23

MEREDITH, P. "Concentration-effect relationships for antihypertensive drugs." American Journal of Hypertension 11, no. 4 (April 1998): 248A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7061(97)91626-5.

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24

Taniguchi, S., R. Mastelaro Martins, C. Vogel, J. Ropero, and R. Mason. "Initial Palliative Care Drugs' Side Effect." European Psychiatry 30 (March 2015): 1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(15)32058-7.

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25

FitzGerald, J. M., M. T. Turner, S. Dean, and R. K. Elwood. "Alopecia side-effect of antituberculosis drugs." Lancet 347, no. 8999 (February 1996): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(96)90048-3.

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26

Dierkes, Jutta, and Sabine Westphal. "Effect of Drugs on Homocysteine Concentrations." Seminars in Vascular Medicine 5, no. 02 (May 2005): 124–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-872398.

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27

Arnesano, Fabio, Alessandra Pannunzio, Mauro Coluccia, and Giovanni Natile. "Effect of chirality in platinum drugs." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 284 (February 2015): 286–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2014.07.016.

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28

Falanga, Anna, and Andrea Piccioli. "Effect of anticoagulant drugs in cancer." Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 11, no. 5 (September 2005): 403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mcp.0000174247.23009.06.

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29

Sager, W. "Effect of drugs on pituitary ultrastructure." Microscopy Research and Technique 20, no. 2 (January 15, 1992): 162–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070200205.

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30

Mathieu, E., O. Fain, M. Sitbon, and M. Thomas. "Systemic Adverse Effect of Antithyroid Drugs." Clinical Rheumatology 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100670050057.

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31

de Craen, A. J. M., P. J. Roos, A. L. de Vries, and J. Kleijnen. "Effect of colour of drugs: systematic review of perceived effect of drugs and of their effectiveness." BMJ 313, no. 7072 (December 21, 1996): 1624–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.313.7072.1624.

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32

Kuhn, Michael, Monica Campillos, Ivica Letunic, Lars Juhl Jensen, and Peer Bork. "A side effect resource to capture phenotypic effects of drugs." Molecular Systems Biology 6, no. 1 (January 2010): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/msb.2009.98.

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33

Garg, Pragati, and Swati Yadav. "OCULAR SIDE EFFECTS OF SYSTEMIC DRUGS." Era's Journal of Medical Research 6, no. 1 (June 2019): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2019.111.

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34

Djakovic-Svajcer, Kornelija. "Food and drugs." Medical review 55, no. 1-2 (2002): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0202005d.

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Food can exert a significant influence on the effects of certain drugs. The interactions between food and drugs can be pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic. Pharmacokinetic interactions most often take place on absorption and drug metabolism levels. Absorption can be either accelerated or delayed, increased or decreased, while drug metabolism can be either stimulated or inhibited. The factors which influence food-drug interactions are as follows: composition and physic-chemical properties of drugs, the interval between a meal and drug intake and food composition. Food consistency is of lesser influence on drug bioavailability than food composition (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, cereals). Important interactions can occur during application of drugs with low therapeutic index, whereby the plasma level significantly varies due to changes in resorption or metabolism (e.g. digoxin, theophyllin, cyclosporin) and drugs such as antibiotics, whose proper therapeutic effect requires precise plasma concentrations.

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Dalirsani, Zohreh, Safar Farajnia, Yousef Javadzadeh, Masoumeh Mehdipour, and Sepideh Koozegari. "The Effects of 5-fluorouracil Alone and in Combination with 13-cis Retinoic Acid and Vitamin D3 on Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lines." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 3 (2012): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1149.

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ABSTRACT Aim Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is responsible for about 90% of oral malignancies and its incidence is increasing. Despite various treatment protocols, survival rate of OSCC is low. Chemotherapy that is used for treating this carcinoma in advanced stages is systemic therapy that destroys carcinogenic cells, and controls tumor metastasis. Chemotherapy is very toxic and has limitations, especially for patients in advanced stages. Considering positive effects of retinoid and vitamin D3 derivatives in treating some carcinomas, we decided to evaluate the effect of combination of these drugs on OSCC. In this study the effects of combination of 5-fluorouracil, 13-cis retinoic acid and vitamin D3 on cultured cell of OSCC have been evaluated. Materials and methods OSCC cells were cultured in culture media and different concentration of 5-fluorouracil, 13-cis retinoic acid and vitamin D3 were added to cultured cell as separately and in combinations. The effect of treatment on cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis were evaluated by MTT and TUNEL assays respectively. Results Combination of 5-fluorouracil and 13- cis retinoic acid had the highest inhibitory effect on SCC cell proliferation. Combination of two drugs had more apoptotic effect than each of them separately, and combination of three drugs had more effect than combination of two drugs. Conclusion Because combination of drugs had more inhibitory effect on cell proliferation than one of them and combination of three drugs had the most apoptotic effect than one of these drugs separately, these drugs may have synergic effect on OSCC. Clinical significance Combination of three drugs has more inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and apoptotic effect than one of these drugs. How to cite this article Dalirsani Z, Farajnia S, Javadzadeh Y, Mehdipour M, Koozegari S. The Effects of 5-fluorouracil Alone and in Combination with 13-cis Retinoic Acid and Vitamin D3 on Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lines. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):345-350.

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36

Rangaraj, Nagarjun, Sunitha Sampathi, Vijayabhaskarreddy Junnuthula, Praveen Kolimi, Preethi Mandati, Sagar Narala, Dinesh Nyavanandi, and Sathish Dyawanapelly. "Fast-Fed Variability: Insights into Drug Delivery, Molecular Manifestations, and Regulatory Aspects." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 9 (August 27, 2022): 1807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14091807.

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Among various drug administration routes, oral drug delivery is preferred and is considered patient-friendly; hence, most of the marketed drugs are available as conventional tablets or capsules. In such cases, the administration of drugs with or without food has tremendous importance on the bioavailability of the drugs. The presence of food may increase (positive effect) or decrease (negative effect) the bioavailability of the drug. Such a positive or negative effect is undesirable since it makes dosage estimation difficult in several diseases. This may lead to an increased propensity for adverse effects of drugs when a positive food effect is perceived. However, a negative food effect may lead to therapeutic insufficiency for patients suffering from life-threatening disorders. This review emphasizes the causes of food effects, formulation strategies to overcome the fast-fed variability, and the regulatory aspects of drugs with food effects, which may open new avenues for researchers to design products that may help to eliminate fast-fed variability.

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37

Syroid, Noah D., James Agutter, Frank A. Drews, Dwayne R. Westenskow, Robert W. Albert, Julio C. Bermudez, David L. Strayer, Hauke Prenzel, Robert G. Loeb, and Matthew B. Weinger. "Development and Evaluation of a Graphical Anesthesia Drug Display." Anesthesiology 96, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 565–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200203000-00010.

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Background Usable real-time displays of intravenous anesthetic concentrations and effects could significantly enhance intraoperative clinical decision-making. Pharmacokinetic models are available to estimate past, present, and future drug effect-site concentrations, and pharmacodynamic models are available to predict the drug's associated physiologic effects. Methods An interdisciplinary research team (bioengineering, architecture, anesthesiology, computer engineering, and cognitive psychology) developed a graphic display that presents the real-time effect-site concentrations, normalized to the drugs' EC(95), of intravenous drugs. Graphical metaphors were created to show the drugs' pharmacodynamics. To evaluate the effect of the display on the management of total intravenous anesthesia, 15 anesthesiologists participated in a computer-based simulation study. The participants cared for patients during two experimental conditions: with and without the drug display. Results With the drug display, clinicians administered more bolus doses of remifentanil during anesthesia maintenance. There was a significantly lower variation in the predicted effect-site concentrations for remifentanil and propofol, and effect-site concentrations were maintained closer to the drugs' EC(95). There was no significant difference in the simulated patient heart rate and blood pressure with respect to experimental condition. The perceived performance for the participants was increased with the drug display, whereas mental demand, effort, and frustration level were reduced. In a post-simulation questionnaire, participants rated the display to be a useful addition to anesthesia monitoring. Conclusions The drug display altered simulated clinical practice. These results, which will inform the next iteration of designs and evaluations, suggest promise for this approach to drug data visualization.

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38

Pirbudak, Lütfiye, Tekin Karsligil, Yasemin Zer, Ünsal Öner, and Iclal Balci. "Antibacterial effect of bupivacaine and ropivacaine; effect of adjuvant drugs." Pain Clinic 17, no. 1 (March 2005): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568569053421762.

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39

Bebbington, Paul. "Choosing antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia." Psychiatric Bulletin 25, no. 8 (August 2001): 284–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.25.8.284.

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Clinical psychiatrists are today in a position to prescribe an expanded range of antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia and related psychoses. The introduction of chlorpromazine in 1952 was followed by many others. They varied in potency and in side-effect profile, but they shared the capacity to cause extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS). These side-effects were produced by a mechanism intrinsically similar to that responsible for the antipsychotic effectiveness of the drug. They seemed to be the price that had to be paid for the resolution of psychotic symptoms.

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Mohd Ali, Yousoff Effendy, Kiam Heong Kwa, and Kurunathan Ratnavelu. "Predicting new drug indications from network analysis." International Journal of Modern Physics C 28, no. 09 (September 2017): 1750118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183117501182.

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This work adapts centrality measures commonly used in social network analysis to identify drugs with better positions in drug-side effect network and drug-indication network for the purpose of drug repositioning. Our basic hypothesis is that drugs having similar phenotypic profiles such as side effects may also share similar therapeutic properties based on related mechanism of action and vice versa. The networks were constructed from Side Effect Resource (SIDER) 4.1 which contains 1430 unique drugs with side effects and 1437 unique drugs with indications. Within the giant components of these networks, drugs were ranked based on their centrality scores whereby 18 prominent drugs from the drug-side effect network and 15 prominent drugs from the drug-indication network were identified. Indications and side effects of prominent drugs were deduced from the profiles of their neighbors in the networks and compared to existing clinical studies while an optimum threshold of similarity among drugs was sought for. The threshold can then be utilized for predicting indications and side effects of all drugs. Similarities of drugs were measured by the extent to which they share phenotypic profiles and neighbors. To improve the likelihood of accurate predictions, only profiles such as side effects of common or very common frequencies were considered. In summary, our work is an attempt to offer an alternative approach to drug repositioning using centrality measures commonly used for analyzing social networks.

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Chiu, Weichu, Jie Geng, and Qinglang Liao. "Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs and Antimanic Drugs on Bipolar Disorder." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 8 (August 17, 2022): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v8i.1121.

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The main incidence of Bipolar is concentrated in teenagers, and the fatality rate is as high as 11% and even exceeds that of depression. There are currently 3 mainstream drug treatments, mood stabilizers, epilepsy drugs, and antipsychotics. Mood stabilizers, also known as antimanic drugs, are now the most mainstream treatment centered around lithium. Numerous studies show that mood stabilizers have a very obvious effect on bipolar. It can not only relieve the manic state but also work on the patients in a depressed state. Antipsychotic drugs, also known as strong tranquilizers, are mainly used in schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder, they are mainly used to stabilize manic states but do not work on depression. However, these methods have their limitations. The development of future treatments should take into account the biological and psychological mechanisms of the disease. This article briefly introduces the therapeutic effects of different drugs on BD from clinical data and mechanisms.

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Asakura, Toshio, Osheiza Abdulmalik, Efe Iyamu, Qiukan Chen, Jisheng Yang, Donald J. Abraham, Martin K. Safo, Carlo Brugnara, and Greg Evans. "Various Drugs with or without an Antisickling Effect in the In Vitro Tests Showed a Strong Antisickling Effect in the In Vivo Studies in Transgenic Sickle Mice." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 3190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.3190.3190.

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Abstract Since its inception in 1997, the NHLBI Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) Reference Laboratory (Ref Lab) has received over 150 candidate drugs from over 30 researchers, universities and companies for evaluation. All candidate drugs are evaluated for both their beneficial and adverse effects in vitro using more than 10 sophisticated methods. Specifically, each candidate drug is studied to see whether it inhibits cell sickling, prolongs the delay time prior to deoxy-hemoglobin (Hb) S polymerization, increases the solubility of deoxy-Hb S, hydrates red blood cells (RBCs), prevents dehydration of RBCs, shifts the oxygen equilibrium curve (OEC) toward the left, reduces the adhesion of RBCs to endothelial cells, promotes the synthesis of Hb F, causes hemolysis, promotes formation of met-Hb and increases the denaturation of intracellular Hb S. With this new approach, we have found more than 10 new antisickling agents that showed beneficial effects without significant adverse effects in the in vitro tests. Of these, five drugs were further studied in vivo using transgenic mice that produce human Hb S, and all five drugs inhibited the formation of sickled cells in the blood and significantly prolonged their survival time under acute hypoxic conditions. The five drugs are NIPRISAN (plant extracts) [Brit. J. Haematol. (BJH) 122:1001,2003], MX-1520 (prodrug of vanillin) (BJH125: 788,2004), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5HMF) (BJH128:552,2005), NS3623 (Blood 97: 1461,2001, in vivo results not shown), and FLOCOR (surfactant) (Blood94:420a,1999). Of these 5 drugs, FLOCOR and NS3623 did not have an antisickling effect in vitro. It is quite interesting that FLOCOR and NS3623 which showed no direct antisickling effect in vitro, showed a strong antisickling effect in vivo. Some of our results suggest that combined use of some of these drugs may have a synergistic effect in vivo. Studies on the combined use of these drugs are planned. Researchers with candidate drugs that may have beneficial effects for SCD are welcome to contact the SCD Ref Lab for free in vitro evaluation of their agents (for more information, please see our website at www.tatcom.com/sickle-cell).

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Jackuliak, Peter, Martin Kužma, and Juraj Payer. "Antidiabetic drugs and their effect on bone." Vnitřní lékařství 63, no. 9 (September 1, 2017): 609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/vnl.2017.121.

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WAN, Jie, and JianCun ZHEN. "Psychology effect of drugs and pharmaceutical care." Pharmaceutical Care and Research 11, no. 3 (June 30, 2011): 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5428/pcar20110302.

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Subcommittee of Radiopharmaceutical. "Effect of Drugs on Biodistribution of Radiopharmaceuticals." RADIOISOTOPES 56, no. 1 (2007): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.56.33.

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Romodin, L. A., and N. P. Lysenko. "The Radioprotective Effect of Chlorophyll-Based Drugs." Biophysics 67, no. 1 (February 2022): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0006350922010158.

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Romodin, L. A., and N. P. Lysenko. "The Radioprotective Effect of Chlorophyll-Based Drugs." Biophysics 67, no. 1 (February 2022): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0006350922010158.

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McKeage, Mark J. "Comparative Adverse Effect Profiles of Platinum Drugs." Drug Safety 13, no. 4 (October 1995): 228–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-199513040-00003.

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Hertsev, V. N., and Yu I. Goranskyi. "Effect of anticonvulsant drugs on men fertility." INTERNATIONAL NEUROLOGICAL JOURNAL 16, no. 6 (September 1, 2020): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0713.16.6.2020.215138.

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Targońska-Stępniak, Bożena. "Antidiabetic effect of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs." Rheumatology Forum 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/rf.2022.0017.

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