Academic literature on the topic 'Effect of drugs'

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Journal articles on the topic "Effect of drugs"

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AHMED, SAIMA, MUHAMMAD ASADULLAH, and ATA-UR REHMAN. "EFFECT OF DRUGS;." Professional Medical Journal 20, no. 01 (December 10, 2012): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.01.586.

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ABSTRACT... Objective: The aim of this study was to determine head-dipping exploratory test parameter as a measure of strongmodulating effect on brain and behavior. Design: It was an observational animal study. Setting: University of Karachi. Period: Jan 2004 toJuly 2006. Material & methods: In this present study, drugs used reserpine, nux- vomica; anacardium and chlorpromazine were widerange of pharmacological actions. We evaluate the effectiveness of these drugs as agents with modulating effect on brain and behavioraccessed by head dipping parameter. In this study, 25 mice were included belonging to both sexes. The study animals were divided intofive groups of five animals each. Four groups were given drugs and one group was kept as control. Mice (20-35g) of either sex were usedin this study. One group was kept as control for drugs. Mice were kept under room temperature. Tap-water was allowed ad-Libitum.30minutes after giving drugs, animals were observed for 10 minutes with two minutes of interval. Tablet crushed in 10ml of water, 1cc wasgiven. Screening method used was head dipping. Results: Strychnos Nux-Vomica when used in a dose of 0.07mg has strong action oncholinergic system, CNS activity and frequent head dipping (39.8±28.8) was observed. Rauwolfia serpentine is an active alkaloidparticularly present in reserpine (62.2±43.4) no significant head dipping effect was observed. Anacardium (37.2±28.6) &Chlorpromazine (39.4±32.4), show decrease effects. Keeping in view, the medicinal importance of these herbs, our present study wasdesigned to screen these drugs for CNS activity on albino mice.
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Tulegenova, Symbat, Raikhan Beisenova, and Almagul Auelbekova. "The sensitivity of algae to the effect of antifungal drugs." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 97, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2020bmg1/90-95.

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Sharifovna, Xidoyatova Zulfiya, Azimova Nozima Akramovna, and Azimova Munira Takhirovna. "Analysis Of The Assortment Of Drugs With A Sedative Effect." American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 03, no. 01 (January 22, 2021): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/volume03issue01-12.

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A content analysis of the pharmaceutical market range of drugs with sedative effect was conducted. In the analysis of drugs with sedative effect, "West trade", "Floromed", "Grand farm", "Tabletka", "Dava", "Shafran farm", "Glucose", "Tetra", "Kobiljon Obidjon", "Pharmacy diabetes", "Navbahor", "777 pharmacy", "999 pharmacy", "pharmacy Malikabonu" pharmacies, the Department of neurology of the II clinic of the Tashkent Medical Academy, the State Department of medicines and medical products the basis of the register was. Determination of the share of products of manufacturing enterprises in the pharmaceutical market was the main objective of the study carried out.
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Grøndahl, Tor Ø., and Iver A. Langmoen. "Epileptogenic effect of antibiotic drugs." Journal of Neurosurgery 78, no. 6 (June 1993): 938–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1993.78.6.0938.

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✓ The epileptogenicity of antibiotic drugs represents a clinical problem, and it is well known that the use of penicillin and certain other preparations can induce seizures. In the present study, the authors investigated the epileptogenic properties of different concentrations of 12 commonly used antibiotic medications belonging to seven separate groups. The drugs were tested in the hippocampus, which has a low threshold for the development of epileptiform activity. The hippocampal slice technique, using rat tissue, was employed since absence of the blood-brain barrier allows administration of the drugs in known concentrations. The preparation was exposed to antibiotics in known concentrations and the amplitude and number of population spikes were recorded. Penicillin G was used as a reference substance. Cloxacillin (≥ 1 gm/liter), cephalothin (≥ 1 gm/liter), gentamicin (≥ 80 mg/liter), chloramphenicol (≥ 1 gm/liter), ciprofloxacin (≥ 50 mg/liter), erythromycin (≥ 1 gm/liter), and ampicillin (≥ 1 gm/liter) showed moderate to marked epileptogenic effects, whereas cefuroxime, clindamycin, cefotaxime, vancomycin, and tobramycin had no epileptogenic effects.
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Korzeniewska-Rybicka, I. "Analgesic Effect of Antidepressant Drugs." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 59, no. 2 (February 1998): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0091-3057(97)00336-5.

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Toth, Miklos. "Epigenetic Neuropharmacology: Drugs Affecting the Epigenome in the Brain." Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 61, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 181–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-030220-022920.

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This review explores how different classes of drugs, including those with therapeutic and abuse potential, alter brain functions and behavior via the epigenome. Epigenetics, in its simplest interpretation, is the study of the regulation of a genes’ transcriptional potential. The epigenome is established during development but is malleable throughout life by a wide variety of drugs, with both clinical utility and abuse potential. An epigenetic effect can be central to the drug's therapeutic or abuse potential, or it can be independent from the main effect but nevertheless produce beneficial or adverse side effects. Here, I discuss the various epigenetic effects of main pharmacological drug classes, including antidepressants, antiepileptics, and drugs of abuse.
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Hollon, Steven D., Robert J. DeRubeis, Richard C. Shelton, and Bahr Weiss. "The emperor's new drugs: Effect size and moderation effects." Prevention & Treatment 5, No Issue Specified (2002): No First Page Specified—No Last Page Specified. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//1522-3736.5.0028c.

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Marcus, F. I. "Titrating cardiovascular drugs." Clinical Chemistry 42, no. 8 (August 1, 1996): 1312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/42.8.1312.

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Abstract Titrating cardiovascular drugs is important to ensure efficacy and to minimize the risk of toxicity. A serum assay is extremely useful to guide digoxin therapy. Assessment of the effect of warfarin on blood clotting should be used to adjust dose. Serum cholesterol and lipid measurements guide therapy with antilipemic agents. The antihypertensive drugs, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and vasodilators can be assessed by their clinical effects. There is no strict relation between serum concentration of antiarrhythmic drugs and their effects, nor is it clear that the long-term efficacy of these drugs can be assessed by surrogate end points.
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TOTSUKA, KYOICHI. "Relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and effect of antibacterial drugs. Quinolon drugs." Rinsho yakuri/Japanese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 21, no. 1 (1990): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3999/jscpt.21.171.

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Dopp, Anna Legreid, John M. Miller, and James E. Tisdale. "Effect of Drugs on Defibrillation Capacity." Drugs 68, no. 5 (2008): 607–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200868050-00004.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Effect of drugs"

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Chittchang, Montakarn Johnston Thomas P. "Effect of secondary structure on paracellular transport of polypeptides." Diss., UMK access, 2004.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Pharmacy and Dept. of Chemistry. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2004.
"A dissertation in pharmaceutical sciences and chemistry." Advisor: Thomas P. Johnston. Typescript. Vita. Description based on contents viewed Feb. 23, 2006; title from "catalog record" of the print edition. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 202-223). Online version of the print edition.
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Cook, Andrew T. "The effect of accelerated aging on peelable medical products seals /." Online version of thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11980.

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Weise-Kelly, Lorraine Ann. "Drug-induced ataxia : effect of the self-administration contingency /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0030/NQ66245.pdf.

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Dalal, Suntanu. "Amphetamine drugs potentiate morphine analgesia in the formalin test." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55488.

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There has been a great deal of research investigating drug combinations which can increase analgesia. A number of studies have been conducted with one particular combination--opioids combined with the amphetamine drugs. Despite the existing literature, this combination is rarely used in clinical practice. One purpose of this thesis is to review the literature pertaining to the opioid-amphetamine combination. Another purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether dextroamphetamine sulfate ($ circler$Dexedrine) can potentiate morphine sulfate analgesia in rats in the formalin test (Experiment 1). To investigate whether these results can be generalized to another psychostimulant, methylphenidate hydrochloride ($ circler$Ritalin) is used in Experiment 2. Methylphenidate has been chosen instead of another amphetamine drug because it is currently being used in clinical studies without supporting evidence from animal studies. The results of the two experiments indicate that low doses of d-amphetamine and methylphenidate can potentiate the analgesic effects of morphine.
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Bai, Shuang. "Effect of immunosuppressive agents on drug metabolism in rats." Thesis, Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008270.

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Hammann, Felix. "Prediction of transport, pharmacokinetics, and effect of drugs /." Basel : [s.n.], 2009. http://edoc.unibas.ch/diss/DissB_8905.

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Church, Donna Lea. "Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate discontinuation after weight gain in 17-19 year old adolescent girls." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2047.

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Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is a long acting progesterone only contraceptive agent. Side effects such as irregular bleeding patterns and weight gain are attributed to discontinuation. The purpose of this study was to describe depot medroxyprogesterone acetate discontinuation after weight gain in 17 to 19 year-old adolescent girls.
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Chawla, Monica Kapoor 1950. "THE ROLE OF SEVERAL DRUGS AND COSOLVENTS ON INFUSION RELATED PHLEBITIS (THERMOGRAPHY)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276915.

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Goble, David. "The impact of low to moderate alcohol consumption on different types of human performance." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006042.

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Despite extensive research into the effects of alcohol consumption, there is no clear understanding into the mechanisms underlying human information processing impairment. The acute consumption of alcohol was investigated to determine the implications for human information processing capabilities, and to identify the extent to which these implications were stage-specific. Further aims included the investigation and quantification of caffeine-induced antagonism of alcohol impairment. Moreover, the aforementioned relationships were investigated in morning versus evening conditions. A test battery of six resource-specific tasks was utilised to measure visual perceptual, cognitive and sensory-motor performance, fashioned to return both simple and complex measures of each task. The tasks implemented were: visual perceptual performance (accommodation, visual detection, visual pattern recognition); cognition (memory recall- digit span); and motor output (modified Fitts‟ and a driving simulated line-tracking). Performance measures were recorded by the respective computer based tasks. Physiological variables measured included heart rate frequency, heart rate variability (RMSSD, High and Low Frequency Power) and body temperature. Saccade speed, saccade amplitude, pupil size and fixation duration were the oculomotor parameters measured. Three groups of participants (alcohol, caffeine+alcohol and control) n=36 were studied, split evenly between sexes in a mixed repeated/non-repeated measures design. The control group performed all test batteries under no influence. The alcohol group performed test batteries one and two sober, and three and four under the influence of a 0.4 g/kg dose of alcohol. Group caffeine+alcohol conducted test battery one sober, two under the effect of caffeine only (4 mg/kg), and three and four under the influence of both caffeine and alcohol (0.4 g/kg). The third test battery demonstrated the effects of alcohol during the inclining phase of the blood alcohol curve, and the fourth represented the declining phase. Morning experimentation occurred between 10:00 - 12: 45 and 10:30 -13:15 with evening experimentation between 19:00 - 21:30 and 19:30 - 22:00. Acute alcohol consumption at a dose of approximately 0.4 g/kg body weight effected an average peak breath alcohol concentration of 0.062 % and 0.059 % for the alcohol and caffeine+alcohol groups respectively. Task-related visual perceptual performance demonstrated significant decrements for simple reaction time, choice reaction time and error rate. Cognitive performance demonstrated no significant performance decrements, while motor performance indicated significant decrements in target accuracy only. Physiological parameters in response to alcohol consumption showed significantly decreased heart rate variability (RMSSD) in the modified Fitts‟ task only. A significant decrease in saccade amplitude in the memory task was the only change in oculomotor parameters. Prior caffeine consumption demonstrated limited antagonism to task-related alcohol impairment, significantly improving performance only in reduced error rate while reading. Caffeine consumption showed stimulating effects on physiological parameters, significantly increasing heart rate and heart rate variability when compared to alcohol alone. The design of the tasks allows for comparison between complex and simple task performance, indicating resource utilisation and depletion. Complex tasks demonstrated higher resource utilisation, however with no statistical performance differences to simple tasks. Physiological parameters showed greater change in response to alcohol consumption, than did the performance measures. Alcohol consumption imposed significant changes in physiological and oculomotor parameters for cognitive tasks only, significantly increasing heart rate frequency and decreasing heart rate variability, skin temperature and saccade amplitude. Caffeine consumption showed no antagonism of alcohol-induced performance measures. Physiological measures showed that caffeine consumption imposed stimulating effects in only the neural reflex and memory tasks, significantly increasing heart rate frequency and heart rate variability. Prior caffeine consumption significantly decreased fixation duration in the memory task only. The time of day at which alcohol was consumed demonstrated significant performance and physiological implications. Results indicated that morning consumption of alcohol imposes greater decrements in performance and larger fluctuations in physiological parameters than the decrements in evening experimental sessions. It can be concluded that alcohol consumption at a dose of 0.4 g/kg affects all stages in the information processing chain. Task performance indicates that alcohol has a greater severity on the early stages of information processing. Conversely, under the influence of alcohol an increased task complexity induces greater effects on central stage information processing. In addition, caffeine consumption at a dose of 4 mg/kg prior to alcohol does not antagonise the alcohol-induced performance decrements.
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Hoa, Nguyen Khanh. "Assessment of anti-diabetic effect of Vietnamese herbal drugs /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-585-2/.

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Books on the topic "Effect of drugs"

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National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Clinical Center, ed. Drugs and the brain. Bethesda, Md. (9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda 20892): National Institutes of Health, The Clinical Center, 1993.

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Friedman, David P. Drugs and the brain. Bethesda, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, 1991.

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Levinthal, Charles F. Drugs, behavior, and modern society. 7th ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 2012.

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Humans, IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to. Some pharmaceutical drugs. [Lyon]: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1996.

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Henry, Jankiewicz, ed. Drugs and human behavior. Dubuque, IA: W.C. Brown, 1991.

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Henry, Jankiewicz, ed. Drugs and human behavior. 2nd ed. Madison, WI: Brown & Benchmark, 1997.

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Drugs. London: Franklin Watts, 2010.

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Prebble, Lucy. The effect. London: Methuen Drama, 2012.

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Side effects of drugs annual: A worldwide yearly survey of new data in adverse drug reactions. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2011.

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Levete, Sarah. Talking about drugs. London: Franklin Watts, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Effect of drugs"

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Schäfer, H. "Chemical Constitution and Pharmacological Effect." In Antiepileptic Drugs, 199–243. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69518-6_9.

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Holford, N. H. G., and T. M. Ludden. "Time Course of Drug Effect." In Pharmacokinetics of Drugs, 333–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78680-8_11.

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Martin, X. "Diabetogenic effect of immunosuppressive drugs." In Immunosuppression under Trial, 101–3. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4643-2_12.

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Van Bezooijen, C. F. A., G. J. M. J. Horbach, and C. F. Hollander. "The Effect of Age on Rat Liver Drug Metabolism." In Drugs and Aging, 45–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70788-9_4.

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Nakaya, N., and Y. Goto. "Effect of CS-514 on Hypercholesterolemic Patients." In Drugs Affecting Lipid Metabolism, 274–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71702-4_51.

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Bon, G. Bittolo, G. Cazzolato, and P. Avogaro. "Modified LDL in Humans: Effect of Pantethine." In Drugs Affecting Lipid Metabolism, 433–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71702-4_82.

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Deth, Richard C. "The Effect of Drugs on Attention." In Molecular Origins of Human Attention, 111–24. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0335-4_10.

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Simpson, N. B. "The Effect of Drugs on Hair." In Pharmacology of the Skin II, 495–508. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74054-1_37.

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Gigler, G., E. Kiszelly, P. Tömpe, G. Kovàcs, and K. Gadò. "A New Antiinflammatory Agent (EGIS-5645) Without Gastrointestinal Side-Effect." In Drugs in Inflammation, 39–43. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7405-2_4.

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Halberstadt, Adam L., and Mark A. Geyer. "Effect of Hallucinogens on Unconditioned Behavior." In Behavioral Neurobiology of Psychedelic Drugs, 159–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7854_2016_466.

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Conference papers on the topic "Effect of drugs"

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Kazantsev, S. O., and M. S. Korovin. "Nanomaterials potentiating standard chemotherapy drugs’ effect." In PHYSICS OF CANCER: INTERDISCIPLINARY PROBLEMS AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS: Proceedings of the International Conference on Physics of Cancer: Interdisciplinary Problems and Clinical Applications (PC IPCA’17). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5001610.

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Balachandran, Ram K., and Victor H. Barocas. "Effect of Active Transport and Loss to Choroidal Blood Flow on Transscleral Drug Delivery to the Posterior Eye." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-175366.

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Delivering drugs to the posterior eye has been a challenge for many years. Systemic delivery of drugs is not a viable option because the eye does not receive enough blood supply, because of its small size, for the drug delivery process to be effective. Topical delivery in the form of eye drops is also ineffective in generating therapeutic concentrations in the posterior eye, because of the resistance offered by the corneal epithelium to the transport of drugs, and rapid elimination due to aqueous humor flow and tear dilution. Intravitreal delivery of drugs through implants and injections has been associated with serious side effects like endophthalmitis, hemorrhage, and retinal detachment. In recent years, transcleral delivery of drugs has received attention due to the relatively high permeability of the sclera.
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Raugale, A., P. Gaidelis, and A. Januskevicius. "New researches on teratogenic effect of drugs." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Leonardo Longo, Alfons G. Hofstetter, Mihail-Lucian Pascu, and Wilhelm R. A. Waidelich. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.584335.

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Hwang, Sohee, Jungrim Kim, and Sanghyun Park. "Recommend alternative drugs to minimize side-effect using generic name of drug." In EDB: 2016 International Conference on Emerging Databases. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3007818.3007846.

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Nikkhah, Mehdi, Jeannine S. Strobl, and Masoud Agah. "Study the Effect of Anticancer Drugs on Human Breast Cancer Cells Using Three Dimensional Silicon Microstructures." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66680.

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In this paper we report development of three dimensional silicon microenvironments in order to test the morphological changes and adhesion properties of human breast cancer cells after treatment with different anticancer drugs such as Trichostatin A (TSA), suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and Scriptaid. Our results indicate that the cancer cells reorganize their cytoskeleton structure after treatment with TSA and Scriptaid. However, SAHA does not change the behavior of the cells inside the three dimensional microstructures while TSA and Scriptaid evoked striking changes in the cells morphology. TSA and Scriptaid drugs cause the cells to stretch inside the isotropic microchambers to avoid contact with curved sidewalls in contrast to their originally rounded shape. The proposed microstructures can be used to evaluate mechanical properties and the pathological grade of various cancer cell lines after different conditions i.e. drug exposure.
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Madhav, Bhumika, Aparna Iyer, and T. K. Jayalakshmi. "Side effect profile of 2ndline drugs in multi drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) tuberculosis." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa2708.

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Bozsak, Franz, Jean-Marc Chomaz, and Abdul I. Barakat. "Dynamics of Arterial Wall Transport for Small Hydrophobic Drugs." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80541.

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Drugs used in drug-eluting stents (DES) to inhibit proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) also limit re-endothelialization at the site of stent implantation [1]. Thus, treated patients face an increased risk of late-stent thrombosis. Avoiding this adverse side effect represents one of the major challenges in the design of next-generation DES.
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Grancharova, Tsenka, Stanislava Simeonova, Bissera Pilicheva, and Plamen Zagorchev. "Synergistic effect of magnetic nanoparticles and chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer." In III. Symposium of Young Researchers on Pharmaceutical Technology,Biotechnology and Regulatory Science. Szeged: Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/syrptbrs.2021.op20.

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Reznikov, Konstantin M., and Pavel D. Kolesnichenko. "THE EFFECT OF DRUGS ON THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF CARDIOMYOCYTES." In International conference New technologies in medicine, biology, pharmacology and ecology (NT +M&Ec ' 2020). Institute of information technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47501/978-5-6044060-0-7.24.

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In experimental myocardial infarction the occurrence of contracture of the sarcomeres, while giperkeratoza adjacent sections of the cell and movement of mitochondria. Drugs (korglikon, procainamide, potassium orotate) have different impacts on these processes.
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Ramkumar, Barathram, and D. Subbaram Naidu. "Closed-Loop Optimal Control Strategy for Cancer Chemotherapy." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43527.

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Cancer chemotherapy is the treatment of cancer using drugs that kill the cancer cells, when the drugs are administered either orally or through veins. The drugs are delivered according to a schedule so that a particular dosage of drug level is maintained in the body. The disadvantage of these drugs is that they not only kill the cancer cells but also kill the normal healthy cells. The role of optimal control in chemotherapy is to maintain an optimum amount of drug level in the body so that only cancer cells are killed and hence the effect of drug on the healthy cells is minimized. Three different mathematical models for cancer growth are considered: log-kill hypothesis, Norton-simon model, and Emax model. Two different cost functions are considered for constrained and unconstrained optimal control, respectively. An open loop optimal control strategy has been reported in the literature. In this paper, a closed-loop optimal control strategy is addressed using all the three models and for both the cases of constrained and unconstrained drug delivery. For the unconstrained case the original nonlinear model has been linearized and the closed loop design is obtained by using matrix Riccati solutions. On the other hand, for the constrained case the original nonlinear model has been used to obtain closed loop optimal control using bang-bang strategy. Final simulation results show the advantages of closed loop implementation in terms of simpler and elegant controller design and incorporating the effect of current state variations.
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Reports on the topic "Effect of drugs"

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Lichtenberg, Frank. The Effect of New Drugs on Mortality from Rare Diseases and HIV. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8677.

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Crosland, Richard D. Effect of Drugs on the Lethality in Mice of the Venoms and Neurotoxins from Sundry Snakes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada228245.

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Lleras-Muney, Adriana, and Frank Lichtenberg. The Effect of Education on Medical Technology Adoption: Are the More Educated More Likely to Use New Drugs. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9185.

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4

Brown, Michael. Effect of Ototoxic Drugs on the Amphibian Auditory System: Injection of Gentamicin Sulfate into Anuran Otic Capsules and Recovery of Thresholds. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6734.

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5

Kaestner, Robert, and Nasreen Khan. Medicare Part D and its Effect on the Use of Prescription Drugs, Use of Other Health Care Services and Health of the Elderly. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16011.

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6

Johnson, Corey, Colton James, Sarah Traughber, and Charles Walker. Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Implications in Neostigmine versus Sugammadex. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0005.

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Purpose/Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a frequent complaint in the postoperative period, which can delay discharge, result in readmission, and increase cost for patients and facilities. Inducing paralysis is common in anesthesia, as is utilizing the drugs neostigmine and sugammadex as reversal agents for non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers. Many studies are available that compare these two drugs to determine if neostigmine increases the risk of PONV over sugammadex. Sugammadex has a more favorable pharmacologic profile and may improve patient outcomes by reducing PONV. Methods: This review included screening a total of 39 studies and peer-reviewed articles that looked at patients undergoing general anesthesia who received non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers requiring either neostigmine or sugammadex for reversal, along with their respective PONV rates. 8 articles were included, while 31 articles were removed based on our exclusion criteria. These were published between 2014 and 2020 exclusively. The key words used were “neostigmine”, “sugammadex”, “PONV”, along with combinations “paralytic reversal agents and PONV”. This search was performed on the scholarly database MEDLINE. The data items were PONV rates in neostigmine group, PONV rates in sugammadex group, incidence of postoperative analgesic consumption in neostigmine group, and incidence of postoperative analgesic consumption in sugammadex group. Results: Despite numerical differences being noted in the incidence of PONV with sugammadex over reversal with neostigmine, there did not appear to be any statistically significant data in the multiple peer-reviewed trials included in our review, for not one of the 8 studies concluded that there was a higher incidence of PONV in one drug or the other of an y clinical relevance. Although the side-effect profile tended to be better in the sugammadex group than neostigmine in areas other than PONV, there was not sufficient evidence to conclude that one drug was superior to the other in causing a direct reduction of PONV. Implications for Nursing Practice: There were variable but slight differences noted between both drug groups in PONV rates, but it remained that none of the studies determined it was statically significant or clinically conclusive. This review did, however, note other advantages to sugammadex over neostigmine, including its pharmacologic profile of more efficiently reversing non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs and its more favorable pharmacokinetics. This lack of statistically significant evidence found within these studies consequentially does not support pharmacologic decision-making of one drug in favor of the other for reducing PONV; therefore, PONV alone is not a sufficient rationale for a provider to justify using one reversal over another at the current time until further research proves otherwise.
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Temin, Peter. Mass Incarceration Retards Racial Integration. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp155.

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President Nixon replaced President Johnson’s War on Poverty with his War on Drugs in 1971. This new drug war was expanded by President Reagan and others to create mass incarceration. The United States currently has a higher percentage of its citizens incarcerated than any other industrial country. Although Blacks are only 13 percent of the population, they are 40 percent of the incarcerated. The literatures on the causes and effects of mass incarceration are largely distinct, and I combine them to show the effects of mass incarceration on racial integration. Racial prejudice produced mass incarceration, and mass incarceration now retards racial integration.
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Berndt, Ernst, Robert Pindyck, and Pierre Azoulay. Network Effects and Diffusion in Pharmaceutical Markets: Antiulcer Drugs. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7024.

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Tsoukas, Constantine D. Effects of Immunomodulatory Drugs on T Lymphocyte Activation and Function. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada225770.

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Cawley, John, and John Rizzo. The Competitive Effects of Drug Withdrawals. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11223.

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