Relevant bibliographies by topics / Effect of chemicals on

Academic literature on the topic 'Effect of chemicals on'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Effect of chemicals on.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Effect of chemicals on"

1

Liu, Tao, Lei Chen, and Xiaoyong Pan. "An Integrated Multi-Label Classifier with Chemical-Chemical Interactions for Prediction of Chemical Toxicity Effects." Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 21, no. 6 (August 27, 2018): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207321666180601075428.

Full text
Abstract:
Aims and Objective: Chemical toxicity effect is one of the major reasons for declining candidate drugs. Detecting the toxicity effects of all chemicals can accelerate the procedures of drug discovery. However, it is time-consuming and expensive to identify the toxicity effects of a given chemical through traditional experiments. Designing quick, reliable and non-animal-involved computational methods is an alternative way. Method: In this study, a novel integrated multi-label classifier was proposed. First, based on five types of chemical-chemical interactions retrieved from STITCH, each of which is derived from one aspect of chemicals, five individual classifiers were built. Then, several integrated classifiers were built by integrating some or all individual classifiers. Result and Conclusion: By testing the integrated classifiers on a dataset with chemicals and their toxicity effects in Accelrys Toxicity database and non-toxic chemicals with their performance evaluated by jackknife test, an optimal integrated classifier was selected as the proposed classifier, which provided quite high prediction accuracies and wide applications.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Lalruatfela, B. "A review on tobacco and its effect on health." Science Vision 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.19.01.04.

Full text
Abstract:
Tobacco is an important agricultural product that is consumed all over the world. More than 8000 chemicals are reported to be present in tobacco, and a large number of these chemicals are known carcinogens, and hence is known to be one of the most significant contributors to the development of cancer of different body parts. These chemicals have been reported to alter both the genetic and epigenetic constituents of cells. Such changes involve point mutation, deletion, insertion, recombination, transversion, transition, and chromosomal aberrations including aneuploidy and polyploidy. The chemical composition of different types of tobacco has been reported to be different. In this article, brief information about tobacco plants; history, types and popularity of tobacco; its chemical composition; relation to cancer and other diseases and its effects on the molecular, epigenetic and genetic compositions have been highlighted.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Liu, Xian Na, and Shun Sheng Chen. "Study on Defluorination Effect of Antarctic Krill by Chemical Treatments." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 1151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.1151.

Full text
Abstract:
Decreasing effects of fluoride contents in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) as affected by chemical treatments with and without heating were investigated. The used chemicals were Na2SO3, citric acid, acetic acid, HCl, betaine, sodium chloride. Fluoride contents per dry weight were 1138±1 mg/kg in the whole body of krill (WBK) and 333±2 mg/kg in the peeled krill meat (PKM) respectively. When WBK was treated with chemicals with and without heating, Decreasing effects of fluoride contents is not significant. The effect of defluorination by chemical treatments with heating is more significant than without heating. Particularly, the treatment of betaine without heating showed the best reduction effect of 48±9mg/kg and the highest defluorination efficiency of 85.59%, followed by citric acid (52±11mg/kg,84.38%), acetic acid (55±6mg/kg,83.48%) and hydrochloric acid (62±5mg/kg,81.38%).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Czarnota, Jenna, David C. Wheeler, and Chris Gennings. "Evaluating Geographically Weighted Regression Models for Environmental Chemical Risk Analysis." Cancer Informatics 14s2 (January 2015): CIN.S17296. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cin.s17296.

Full text
Abstract:
In the evaluation of cancer risk related to environmental chemical exposures, the effect of many correlated chemicals on disease is often of interest. The relationship between correlated environmental chemicals and health effects is not always constant across a study area, as exposure levels may change spatially due to various environmental factors. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) has been proposed to model spatially varying effects. However, concerns about collinearity effects, including regression coefficient sign reversal (ie, reversal paradox), may limit the applicability of GWR for environmental chemical risk analysis. A penalized version of GWR, the geographically weighted lasso, has been proposed to remediate the collinearity effects in GWR models. Our focus in this study was on assessing through a simulation study the ability of GWR and GWL to correctly identify spatially varying chemical effects for a mixture of correlated chemicals within a study area. Our results showed that GWR suffered from the reversal paradox, while GWL overpenalized the effects for the chemical most strongly related to the outcome.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

GOLDEN, D. A., E. K. HEATON, and L. R. BEUCHAT. "Effect of Chemical Treatments on Microbiological, Sensory and Physical Qualities of Individually Shrink-Wrapped Produce." Journal of Food Protection 50, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 673–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-50.8.673.

Full text
Abstract:
Effects of four chemical treatments on microbiological, sensory and physical qualities of individually shrink-wrapped bell peppers, tomatoes, peaches and cantaloupes stored at 0 to 21°C were determined. With the exception of produce treated with guazatine, higher populations of microorganisms were detected on shrink-wrapped produce than on unwrapped produce as storage time increased. Treatment of wrapped produce with guazatine generally controlled microbial populations at about the same levels or at lower levels than those detected on unwrapped produce treated with imazalil, chlorine and a quaternary ammonium compound. Little inhibition of microbial growth compared to untreated produce was observed on fruits and vegetables treated with the latter three chemicals. None of the chemicals had deleterious effects on sensory or physical qualities of produce, with the exception of imazalil which caused severe brown discoloration on wrapped and unwrapped peaches. Shrink-wrapping retarded loss of firmness of chemically treated and untreated bell peppers, but had little effect on changes in firmness of the other produce during storage.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ogungbemi, Afolarin O., Riccardo Massei, Rolf Altenburger, Stefan Scholz, and Eberhard Küster. "Assessing Combined Effects for Mixtures of Similar and Dissimilar Acting Neuroactive Substances on Zebrafish Embryo Movement." Toxics 9, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9050104.

Full text
Abstract:
Risk assessment of chemicals is usually conducted for individual chemicals whereas mixtures of chemicals occur in the environment. Considering that neuroactive chemicals are a group of contaminants that dominate the environment, it is then imperative to understand the combined effects of mixtures. The commonly used models to predict mixture effects, namely concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA), are thought to be suitable for mixtures of similarly or dissimilarly acting components, respectively. For mixture toxicity prediction, one important challenge is to clarify whether to group neuroactive substances based on similar mechanisms of action, e.g., same molecular target or rather similar toxicological response, e.g., hyper- or hypoactivity (effect direction). We addressed this by using the spontaneous tail coiling (STC) of zebrafish embryos, which represents the earliest observable motor activity in the developing neural network, as a model to elucidate the link between the mechanism of action and toxicological response. Our objective was to answer the following two questions: (1) Can the mixture models CA or IA be used to predict combined effects for neuroactive chemical mixtures when the components share a similar mode of action (i.e., hyper- or hypoactivity) but show different mechanism of action? (2) Will a mixture of chemicals where the components show opposing effect directions result in an antagonistic combined effect? Results indicate that mixture toxicity of chemicals such as propafenone and abamectin as well as chlorpyrifos and hexaconazole that are known to show different mechanisms of action but similar effect directions were predictable using CA and IA models. This could be interpreted with the convergence of effects on the neural level leading to either a collective activation or inhibition of synapses. We also found antagonistic effects for mixtures containing substances with opposing effect direction. Finally, we discuss how the STC may be used to amend risk assessment.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Park, Juyoung, Handule Lee, Dal-Woong Choi, and Kwangsik Park. "The mixture effect of propyl paraben and bisphenol A on the uterotrophic response in the ovariectomized rats after oral administration." Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology 38, no. 1 (March 23, 2023): e2023006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2023005.

Full text
Abstract:
Recent studies reported bisphenol A (BPA) and propyl paraben (PrP) are found in human urine, blood, and breast milk samples as well as in food, packaging, socks, and clothes. This means that the two chemicals co-exist in consumer products, and humans are exposed simultaneously to the mixture chemicals. However, the studies on the mixture effects of the two chemicals on human health are not enough. This study was designed to elucidate the effects of orally administered PrP, BPA, and their mixture effects on the uterotrophic response using ovariectomized rats. In addition, the correlation between the uterotrophic response and tissue concentrations of the two chemicals was studied to investigate whether one chemical has any effect on the absorption, distribution, or excretion of the other chemical. Histopathology, hematology, and plasma biochemistry analysis were also performed to evaluate the chemicals’ toxicological effects in the treated rats. Although a significant increase in uterus weight (absolute and relative) was observed in the positive chemical (17β-estradiol) treated group, there were no statistical differences in the uterus weight between the vehicle control and the chemical-treated groups. However, a slight increase in the endometrial glands and a change in the cuboidal to columnar epithelium of the endometrial epithelium were observed in the mixture-treated group. There was no significant toxicity in all treated groups by the hematology and plasma biochemistry analysis results. The results of tissue distribution showed that BPA was mostly detected in the liver while PrP was not detected in most tissues, and the BPA level was higher when the rats were treated with PrP than without PrP, suggesting that PrP may increase the absorption of BPA after oral administration.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Luo, Yan, and Yi Li. "Control quantity or toxicity of textile chemicals? A case study of denim jeans in the warp-dyeing phase." Textile Research Journal 91, no. 15-16 (February 8, 2021): 1900–1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517521993488.

Full text
Abstract:
The extensive use and discharge of chemicals is one of the main factors leading to serious environmental pollution in the textiles and apparel industry. The chemical footprint (ChF) is a toxicity-based chemical management method that is used to quantitatively evaluate the potential toxic effects of chemical pollutants discharged during the production of textiles and apparel products on human health and environmental safety. Compared with the traditional quantity-based method, this method needs to simulate the entire process of chemicals from discharge to impact, involving a series of steps of fate, exposure and effect, which greatly increases the difficulty of modeling. A scientific question is whether it is worth spending so much effort to quantify the toxicity of chemicals. Taking the warp-dyeing phase of denim jeans as an example, this paper calculated the ChFs for both human and ecological toxicities of textile chemicals based on the USEtox model, and compared them with the values of discharge quantities. The results reveal that there is a certain inconsistency between the discharge quantity and toxicity of chemical substances. Relying solely on the amount of chemicals discharged can sometimes lead to misjudgments, emphasizing the importance of controlling the toxicity of chemicals.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Liang-Yong, Wang, Zhang Kai-Liang, Song Zhi-Tang, and Feng Song-Lin. "Effect of Chemicals on Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Glass Substrates." Chinese Physics Letters 24, no. 1 (January 2007): 259–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/24/1/070.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Sarlin, T., S. Halttunen, P. Vuoriranta, and J. Puhakka. "Effects of Chemical Spills on Activated Sludge Treatment Performance in Pulp and Paper Mills." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 11-12 (December 1, 1999): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0728.

Full text
Abstract:
The aim of this research was to study the effects of chemical spills on activated sludge metabolic activity and settleability. On-site, laboratory-scale tests were carried out at three pulp and paper mill activated sludge plants. Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal were used for monitoring of metabolic inhibition. The effects of chemicals on 30-min settled sludge volume were studied. Accidental release reports from five pulp and paper mills were analysed. Thirty-four chemicals were selected to the laboratory tests. Of the tested chemicals 2 biocides, monochloro acetic acid, soft soap and turpentine inhibited the OUR of the sludge and thus, had an acute toxic effect on the activated sludge. The biocides and disperging agent reduced DOC removal. Aluminium sulphate and optical brightener had a negative effect on sludge settleability and thus, they may cause losses of activated sludge from treatment plant. In conclusion, maximum possible spill of the five chemicals may reduce the performance of the activated sludge.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Effect of chemicals on"

1

Filby, Amy Louisa. "Molecular effect pathways of endocrine disrupting chemicals in fish." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439828.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Delacruz, C. Ligia. "The effect of natural toxicants and other chemicals on the kidney." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1988. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847359/.

Full text
Abstract:
Repeated administration of ochratoxin A (OTA) caused renal morphological dose-related changes, that were associated with proximal tubular and glomerular damage the latter showing oedema and prominent PAS staining suggestive of glomerular basement membrane thickening. On the other hand, the combined administration of repeated doses of OTA and aflatoxin B[1] (2. 5 mg and 100 ug per kg, respectively), appeared to have a synergistic effect, characterized by severe disruption of proximal tubules and general morphological derrangement of the glomerulus, involving intense and faint staining nuclei (suggestive of cell necrosis) and cytoplasmic vacuolation, which was not seen with either toxin alone. When clinical biochemical parameters were measured after repeated administration of a low dose of OTA, enzymuria, glucosuria, polyuria and proteinuria were observed, with glucose and alkaline phosphatase as the most sensitive parameters. Metabolic studies performed in vitro showed that isolated pig and rat glomeruli incorporate different amino acids linearly for several hours at different rates and perform oxidative metabolism of glucose and fatty acids to CO[2] also linearly. For pig glomeruli the order of amino acid incorporation was LEU >> PRO = HIS > LYS > GLY and for rat glomeruli it was TRP >> PHE > TYR = LEU > PRO > HIS. The same amino acids were incorporated in a similar way in rat tubules, but the incorporation rate is 10-fold lower. When de novo synthesis of protein by pig glomeruli exposed to different chemicals was assessed, using proline (PRO) as the precursor, adriamycin (ADR) and ethacrynic acid (ETA) inhibited protein synthesis more than 2-bromoethanamine (BEA) and streptomycin (STR), and much more than puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN). When isolated rat glomeruli were exposed to low concentrations of OTA, there was a generalized inhibition on de novo synthesis of protein from the six amino acids tested and the aromatic amino acids (TRP, TYR and PHE) were more sensitive to OTA effect than PRO. Low concentrations of OTA (10 - 100 uM) enhanced glomerular and tubular glucose metabolism to CO[2] and only high concentrations of the mycotoxin (1000 uM) caused significant inhibition of glomerular and proximal tubular linolenic acid metabolism.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Quinn, Amie L., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "The impacts of agricultural chemicals and temperature on the physiological stress response in fish." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbirdge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2007, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/676.

Full text
Abstract:
Fish are exposed to multiple stressors in their environment. The interactive effects of pesticide exposure and increased temperature on the physiological stress response were investigated in a comparative field study with cold-water (whitefish, Prosopium williamsoni) and cool-water (sucker, Catostomus) fish from the Oldman River, Alberta, Canada, and in a laboratory study with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Physiogical stress indicators were measured, and exposure to pesticides was estimated using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition. Species-specific differences in AChE activities and responses of the physiological stress axis were detected in whitefish and suckers, suggesting that whitefish are a more sensitive species to temperature and pesticide stress. In vivo Dimethoate exposure inhibited AChE activity in various tissues and disrupted the physiogical stress response. Commercial Dimethoate, in vitro, caused a decrease in viability and cortisol secretion while pure grade Dimethoate did not. The results from this study can be used in predictions of fish vulnerability to stress.
ix, 137 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Li, Jing Adela, and 李晶. "Temperature-dependent toxic effects of selected chemicals on marine organisms." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/211051.

Full text
Abstract:
Anthropogenically driven climate change not only results in rising of sea temperature but also leads to more frequent and longer-lasting cold and heat waves. Meanwhile, coastal marine ecosystems are constantly challenged by increasing threats of chemical pollution. Temperature and chemical stressors can jointly affect the livelihood of marine organisms, but their combined effects are still poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of thermal stress and chemical exposure on the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma, copepod Tigriopus japonicus and rotifer Brachionus koreanus. The four selected chemical contaminants included copper sulphate pentahydrate (Cu), dichlorophenyltrichloroethane (DDT), triphenyltin chloride and copper pyrithione. It was hypothesized that marine organisms are more susceptible to chemical exposure at both cold and warm extremes. In vivo acute ecotoxicity tests were conducted over a wide temperature range to ascertain the relationship between thermal stress and chemical toxicity. For O. melastigma larvae, the lowest toxicity occurred at an optimum temperature range; the chemical toxicity further increased with temperature increase or decrease from this optimum, and exacerbated at extremely low and high temperatures. For T. japonicus and B. koreanus, the chemical toxicity generally increased with increasing temperature. Such inter-species dissimilarities were possibly due to differences in the uptake route, detoxification mechanism, avoidance behaviour and physiological response between the fish and the copepod or rotifer. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the temperature-dependent physiological and biochemical responses, and thermal tolerance of O. melastigma larvae. The growth in the fish larvae showed an inverse and negatively skewed V-shape relationship with temperature, with a significant reduction in performance at both low and high thermal extremes. A mismatch between demand and supply of oxygen and energy under extremely cold and warm conditions was probably the primary cause of growth inhibition and metabolic impairment, leading to a temporary adaptation by a shift to anaerobiosis and an induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs). Temperatures at both cold and warm extremes increased toxicities of DDT and Cu to O. melastigma larvae, resulting in restricted growth and interrupted oxygen consumption rate. The fish larvae modulated their metabolic pathway and produced stress proteins (i.e., HSPs and metallothioneins) for adaptation to the combined stress. However, such responses were disrupted by combinations of thermal extremes, in particular high temperature, and high chemical concentration. Most importantly, both DDT and Cu exposure significantly reduced the thermal tolerance of the fish larvae. The interacting effect of temperature and Cu was also investigated on T. japonicus. The results showed that their combined effect could significantly reduce the survival, lengthen the developmental time and change the sex ratio of the copepod. Transcriptions of several stress-related genes (i.e., glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferases and HSPs) in the adult T. japonicus were significantly affected by the joint-effect of temperature and Cu exposure, implying that these genes played essential roles in protecting the cellular integrity against the stresses. This study advanced the understanding on the temperature-dependent toxicity of chemical contaminants to marine organisms, and provided valuable information and empirical models for deriving water quality criteria of chemical contaminants at various temperatures.
published_or_final_version
Biological Sciences
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Casa, Maria V. "Accumulation of Emerging Chemicals in Southern Hemisphere Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) and Species-specific Chemical Effect Assessment." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/411890.

Full text
Abstract:
Millions of hazardous chemicals are synthesized each year. Their release often represents a risk for the environment and biota. As part of a broader effort to investigate the accumulation and effect of emerging chemicals of concern in the Antarctic sea-ice ecosystem, this thesis focuses upon exposure and effect assessment in southern hemisphere (SH) humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae). Cetaceans traditionally represent ideal targets for exposure assessment to Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), that is chemicals identified as persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic and capable of long-range environmental transport. Their extended life span and high proportion of body fat render cetaceans susceptible to accumulation of elevated burdens. Southern hemisphere humpback whales feed almost exclusively on Antarctic krill (Euphasia superba) and thus represent second order consumers of the Antarctic sea-ice ecosystem. Exposure assessment consisted of targeted analysis of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) included under the Stockholm Convention (SC) in 2017, and brominated structures listed in 2009 as well as novel, naturally occurring brominated structures, already detected at lower trophic levels of the Antarctic sea-ice ecosystem. SCCPs were targeted in stranded specimens and were detected in 77.7 % of samples, representing the first detection of SCCPs in any mysticetes or any Antarctic foraging marine mammal.Blubber samples from free-swimming and stranded specimens were dedicated to the analysis of the modern category of POPs, polybromodiphenilethers (PBDEs), and a naturally occurring brominated compound, 2,4,6-tribromoanysole (TBA), the chemical structure of which closely resembles PBDEs, flagging the possibility of similar toxic action. Humpback whale PBDEs profiles were dominated by tetra- and penta- congeners, supporting a single previous study on PBDE accumulation in Southern hemisphere humpback whales feeding in the Antarctic Peninsula region. Further, the detection of decaBDE adds support for the local emissions or particle bound transport to Antarctica. PBDE congeners were detected in all samples analysed, whilst TBA was 88 detected in 80% of samples. Upon establishing accumulation of three novel chemical groups in the Antarctic sea-ice ecosystem, species-specific effect assessment was performed through cytotoxicity assessment implementing the newly established immortalized humpback whale fibroblast cell line (HuWaTERT). Two endpoints were targeted, namely membrane integrity and metabolic activity following 24h exposure to an SCCP cocktail, BDE-47, BDE-99, TBA. Each assay also incorporated the assay reference chemical, p,p’-DDE. The four chemicals did not show a dose-dependent response comparable to the one produced by the reference chemical. Whilst p,p’-DDE induced a decrease of both metabolic activity and membrane integrity, the cell response to BDE-99 indicated a positive, or potentially hermetic relationship with regards to the metabolic activity, warranting further investigation of underlying mechanisms.The final thesis chapter explores the unique potential of HuWaTERT for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The main objective of this work was to generate a source of a number of different cell lines from the iPSCs, that could be applied for a more tailored approach to in-vitro chemical effect evaluation to fill the gap currently existing in the field of cetacean toxicology. The re-generation trial involved the use of the Sendai virus, which induces the de-differentiation mechanism in HuWaTERT to become iPSCs without integrating into the cell genome. After successfully generating a number of iPC colonies, the cells ultimately did not thrive, likely due to a fungal infection. Overall, this thesis combines both chemical exposure and effect assessment of novel chemical groups, for unique insight into chemical accumulation and impact in the Antarctic sea-ice ecosystem. The work provides new information regarding the range of chemicals that Antarctic consumers are exposed to, a reflection of hemispheric chemical usage and local input, and also contributes invaluable species-specific in vitro toxicity assessment data, which represents a critical research gap for cetacean chemical impact assessment.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Coberly, Samantha W. "The effect of household chemicals on deciduous and permanent tooth class." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/6807.

Full text
Abstract:
Dental anthropology was wide ranging implications for the field of anthropology. Teeth have become important sources of data about the individual as well as possibly being able to identify them. One problem that can arise is the chemical destruction of teeth whether it be diagenesis in an archaeological context or deliberately in a forensic context. In terms of deliberate destruction of the body several household chemicals are cheap and easily assessable. The purpose of this research is to look at how six household chemicals affect both deciduous and permanent tooth classes. The six chemicals include, Vinegar (acetic acid), Bleach (sodium hypochlorite), Biz (Sodium per carbonate), Lye (Sodium Hydroxide) Ammonia and the control (tap water). The teeth were placed in jars containing the chemical for twenty-four hours. Every hour the weight and mesial/distal length were measured. Of the six chemicals, vinegar affected the teeth the most.
Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, Fairmount College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Anthropology
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Turan, Nahid. "The effect of plasticisers and related chemicals on sulphate supply enzymes." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433746.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Howard, Samuel Clarence. "The effect of three holding tank chemicals on anaerobic wastewater treatment." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45158.

Full text
Abstract:
Sewage-holding tanks aboard recreational boats store human wastes, thereby preventing the direct discharge of wastewater to the aquatic environment. Water-conserving toilets and limited holding tank volumes produce a highly concentrated waste that must be periodically dumped to a wastewater treatment system. Prior to disposal, many boat operators add commercial preparations to control odors produced in their chemical toilets and holding tanks. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of three holding-tank chemicals on anaerobic wastewater treatment. Specifically, septic-tank performance with respect to effluent total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) was evaluated. Potential drain-field failure was the concern that led to the selection of TSS and COD. Drain-field failure could result from high solids carry-over or from a high concentration of COD in the effluent which would promote excessive bio-mat growth and clog the system. Laboratory septic tanks were constructed and operated for this evaluation. Methanol, paraformaldehyde and formaldehyde were each listed as an active ingredient in one of three chemical compounds used by recreational boat owners to deodorize sewage-holding tanks. septic-tank effluent TSS concentrations were not adversely effected by the shockloading with wastewater containing these chemicals. Concentrations expected to be achieved by dilution (20 and 50 percent of the recommended additive dose) resulted in septic-tank effluent COD within an acceptable range, which was determined by operation of a control system. Wastewaters containing these concentrations were not detrimental to the septic-tank treatment system. However, the full manufacturers' recommended dose of the odor control chemicals disrupted the system's ability to degrade COD. At full strength, the para formaldehyde and formaldehyde deodorants were particularly detrimental; no recovery occurred after the two-day shock-dose was completed.
Master of Science
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Reed, Susan, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and of Science Technology and Environment College. "Development of method to assess skin contact to chemicals." THESIS_CSTE_XXX_Reed_S.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/611.

Full text
Abstract:
Chemical exposure of the skin has become a route of entry of some chemicals into the body and has come under major review in recent times. This research aims to develop a method of estimating skin exposure that is both reliable and non-prohibitive in cost. This involved the design and testing of skin patches adaptable for monitoring skin exposure to chemicals using several different types of absorbents which could be easily worn against skin. The final design of the patch used either activated charcoal or tenax as the absorbing medium. The patches were then desorbed with a solvent in order to analyse the chemicals. The results of the study showed that many skin exposures do not have a direct relationship with inhalation exposures, which is important because currently there are no estimates of the levels of skin exposures that may have potential long term health effects. The patch has proved successful for detecting the presence and determining the amount of chemicals that come in contact with the skin. Charcoal patches have the widest application, but are not suitable for all situations and tenax should be used on these occasions.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Montambault, François. "The use of Hoe-39866 as a potato-top desiccant /." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61703.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Effect of chemicals on"

1

1947-, Suckling Colin J., and AFRC-SERC Clean Technology Unit, eds. Clean synthesis of effect chemicals. Swindon: AFRC-SERC Clean Technology Unit, 1992.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Lee, Betty Lou. Coping with chemicals. Ottawa, Ont: Environment Canada, 1985.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Halton, David M. What makes chemicals poisonous? Hamilton, Ont: Canadian Centre for Occupational Health & Safety, 1988.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

E, De Broe M., ed. Clinical nephrotoxins: Renal injury from drugs and chemicals. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Japan. Kankyōshō. Kankyō Hokenbu. Kankyō Risuku Hyōkashitsu. Nihonjin ni okeru kagaku busshitsu no bakuroryō ni tsuite: Kagaku busshitsu no hito e no bakuroryō monitaringu chōsa (2011-) = The exposure to chemical compounds in the Japanese people. Tōkyō-to Chiyoda-ku: Kankyōshō Kankyō Hokenbu Kankyō Risuku Hyōkashitsu, 2014.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

E, De Broe M., ed. Clinical nephrotoxins: Renal injury from drugs and chemicals. 2nd ed. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Science, Lawrence Hall of, and Science Education for Public Understanding Program., eds. Household chemicals: [teacher's manual]. Menlo Park, Calif: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

M, Neumann Peter, ed. Plant growth and leaf-applied chemicals. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1988.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Kaiser, Klaus L. E. Ecotoxicity of chemicals to photobacterium phosphoreum. Yverdon, Switzerland: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1994.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

P, Greig-Smith, ed. Ecotoxicology of earthworms. Andover, Hants, U.K: Intercept, 1992.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Effect of chemicals on"

1

Andrews, D. F., and A. M. Herzberg. "Effect of Chemicals on Earthworm Populations." In Springer Series in Statistics, 301–6. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5098-2_53.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Weekers, F., Ph Thonart, Ph Jacques, D. Springael, M. Mergeay, and L. Diels. "Effect of Drying on Bioremediation Bacteria Properties." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 311–22. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1814-2_30.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Phalen, R. N. "Testing of Protective Effect against Liquid Chemicals." In Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 121–40. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003126874-12.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Du, Liping, Aleš Prokop, and Robert D. Tanner. "Effect of Bubble Size on Foam Fractionation of Ovalbumin." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 1075–91. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0119-9_87.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Burapatana, Vorakan, Ernest E. Butler, Gaurav Chauhan, Sean Hartig, Helen Kincaid, Tong Wang, Shayrizal Samsudin, and Robert D. Tanner. "Effect of Lidocaine on Ovalbumin and Egg Albumin Foam Stability." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 905–11. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0057-4_76.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Bredwell, M. D., M. D. Telgenhoff, S. Barnard, and R. M. Worden. "Effect of Surfactants on Carbon Monoxide Fermentations by Butyribacterium methylotrophicum." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 637–47. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2312-2_56.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Mulisch, Hans-Martin, Werner Winter, and Hermann H. Dieter. "Assessment of the Effect Potential of Environmental Chemicals." In Exposure and Risk Assessment of Chemical Pollution — Contemporary Methodology, 147–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2335-3_9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Saxena, Ajit Kumar, and Amit Kumar. "Effect of Cyclophosphamide on Chromosomes." In Fish Analysis for Drug and Chemicals Mediated Cellular Toxicity, 7–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4700-3_2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Gottschalk, Leda M. F., Ronaldo Nobrega, and Elba P. S. Bon. "Effect of Aeration on Lignin Peroxidase Production by Streptomyces viridosporus T7A." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 799–807. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0057-4_67.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Penna, Thereza Christina Vessoni, Irene A. Machoshvili, and Marina Ishii. "Effect of Media on Spore Yield and Thermal Resistance of Bacillus stearothermophilus." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 287–94. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0057-4_23.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Effect of chemicals on"

1

Liman, Mubarak L., Yamusa Bello Yamusa, Bilkisu Danjuma, Abubakar Sani, and Yusuf Walliyullah. "Effect of Chemicals on Compressive Strength of Plastic-Laterite Interlock Paving Blocks." In The 2nd International Conference on Civil Infrastructure and Construction. Qatar University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/cic.2023.0106.

Full text
Abstract:
This research centres on the need to develop a simple but sustainable material for the utilization of the quantum of plastic wastes that litter our environment. The research uses waste plastics and laterite soil and converts them into construction materials (interlock blocks) with the help of the densifier, thereby reducing the plastic waste, which is a key contributor to environmental pollution. Literature has shown that concrete structure is prone to chemical actions; the durability of conventional concrete bricks gets affected by chemical effects. The chemicals may cause cracking of concrete, rutting, and deterioration of the structure. In the same vein, the plastic-laterite interlock bricks might not be free from such defects due to chemical action. Therefore, this research looks into the effects of different chemical curing conditions on the compressive strength of plastic-laterite paving blocks. Varying proportions of plastic wastes and laterite soil were mixed and processed into composite bricks and subjected to different chemical treatments; in acid, base, oil, and water for 3, 14, and 28 days relative to a concrete brick control. It was observed that samples cured in acid solution gave the lowest compressive strength, while those in base solution gave the highest. The paving interlock blocks made from polyethylene/laterite composite registered relative performance compared to concrete interlock bricks control. If made and put into use, these blocks will reduce construction costs, assist in environmental sustainability and improve circular economic growth. Therefore, using this innovative approach will bolster infrastructural projects and checkmate plastic pollution within our environment.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Yuce, H. H., A. D. Hasse, and P. L. Key. "Effect Of Common Chemicals On The Mechanical Properties Of Optical Fibers." In O-E/Fiber LASE '88, edited by Roger A. Greenwell, Dilip K. Paul, and Shekhar G. Wadekar. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.960047.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Arbab, M. Hassan, Antao Chen, Eric I. Thorsos, Dale P. Winebrenner, and Lisa M. Zurk. "Effect of surface scattering on terahertz time domain spectroscopy of chemicals." In Integrated Optoelectronic Devices 2008, edited by Kurt J. Linden and Laurence P. Sadwick. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.769015.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Manu, J., and Vasudeva Madav. "Hydrodynamic effect of elastic and inelastic collisions in fluidized bubbling bed reactor." In NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY AND CHEMICALS FROM BIOMASS (NCECB). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0005565.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Aliti, Liridon, and Simon I. Andersen. "Improving Oil-In-Water Treatment by Optimization of Production Chemicals." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-24282-ea.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The removal of oil droplets from water heavily depends on the ability for these to coalesce into larger drops to overcome size limitation of equipment such as centrifuges, hydrocyclones, gas flotation etc. The composition of PW is a mixture of oily compounds, inorganics from the formation and production chemicals. Chemicals have a significant impact on the stabilization of oil droplets but variations in salinity also plays a role. The repulsion of droplets has detrimental effect on the treatment. In this paper we aim to quantify this in order to develop optimization tools. Methods, Procedures, Process: The quantification of droplet coalescence and impact of chemistry is obtained through specially designed microfluidic chips. Droplets are recorded using high speed cameras. Using image analysis coalescence efficiency is quantified. Partitioning of chemicals between water and oil which is affected by both salinity and oil type and measured by capillary electrophoresis. This is analyzed using capillary electrophoresis. Real PW samples and chemicals are obtained from offshore Denmark. Coalescence events are recorded while varying oil type and also diluting the PW to understand which constituents lead to stability of drops and hence potential adverse effects in water treatment. Results, Observations, Conclusions: The fundamental Bancroft´s rule describes that the component favorable dissolved in one phase will stabilize droplets in this continuous phase. Hence compounds primarily soluble in water stabilize oil droplets in the water treatment system, and can lead to poor water quality - potentially having an adverse effect on sizing of equipment. Accordingly specifically water-in-oil (WiO) emulsion breakers can have a detrimental effect when overdosed, as more is not better. When different water streams are commingled before treatment there might be potential cases where one stream despite its apparent low content of oil-in-water (OiW) can stabilize droplets in another stream. We present data based on microfluidics and analysis of partitioning coefficients using a variety of real PWs and production chemicals from O&G production in the Danish North Sea. This clearly indicates that the main issue is related to water constituents, but that oily polar components have a large impact as well on stability. The qualitative information is linked to quantification using the hydrophilic Lipophilic Deviation theory which can then be used to optimize potential scenarios of synergistic and antagonistic effects of chemicals and PW constituents on water quality. Discussion will also aim understanding mixing rules for quantification in multicomponents mixtures based on surface chemical insight. Novel/Additive Information: We apply both novel microfluidics and novel analytical techniques for production chemical partitioning measurements.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Whaley, D. A., P. Adkins, J. Cahoon, R. Fluharty, D. Keyes, and B. Zubi. "162. Effect of Incorporating Occupational Reproductive Guidelines into Scores for 200 Superfund Chemicals, Using Purdue Chemical Hazard Scores." In AIHce 1998. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2762545.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Zhou, Yunhe, Xiaodong Cheng, Leilei Wang, Guopu Wang, and Yong Huang. "Effect of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Water Environment on Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5516586.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Kirk, Joseph W., and Romony E. Sin. "Laboratory Evaluation of the Effect of Treating Chemicals on Scale Inhibitor Performance." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/38800-ms.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Xie, Qianyan, Debra Yeager, and Jack Chu. "The Effect of Chemicals and Solvents on Plastics -An Engineering Practice Guide." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/950634.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Lee, Han-Shin, Jaehyuck Choi, DonGun Lee, Hyungho Ko, SeongSu Kim, Chan-Uk Jeon, and HanKu Cho. "Effect of EUV exposure upon surface residual chemicals on EUV mask surface." In Photomask and NGL Mask Technology XVII, edited by Kunihiro Hosono. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.868292.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Effect of chemicals on"

1

Petit, Sylvain, Joannie Chin, Amanda Forster, Michael Riley, and Kirk Rice. Effect of artificial perspiration and cleaning chemicals on mechanical and chemical properties of ballistic fibers. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.7494.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Lorenz, P. B. The effect of alkaline agents on retention of EOR chemicals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5629326.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Clement, Michael, Sage Broderick, and Marty Garton. Toxic Industrial Chemical / Material Intelligence Tool (TICMINT) user guide. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47924.

Full text
Abstract:
The Toxic Industrial Chemical / Material Intelligence Tool (TICMINT) is a web application that provides critical chemical and toxicological information to users quickly and efficiently for the purpose of enacting safe maneuvers in areas of operations. It provides an in-depth look at the makeup, properties, and hazardous effects of nearly 400 toxic chemicals of interest. It also provides background on the chemical makeup of a bevy of building materials, enabling soldiers in areas of operation to determine the toxicological risks associated with the combustion of those materials in their environment. This document’s purpose is to demonstrate the functionality of the TICMINT web application and provide instructional material for those managing its content.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Weiss and Xie. WVJB8LP Smart Gas - Using Chemicals to Improve Gas Deliverability. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010902.

Full text
Abstract:
Each year, more than 17,000 gas storage wells in the United States lose from 3�5% of their storage capacity and deliverability. In addition, the gas storage industry spends $80�100 million annually to revitalize existing wells; thus, there is an economic incentive to develop new stimulation methods. Limited laboratory information suggests that using surfactants to alter the wettability of the reservoir rock could increase deliverability of gas storage wells. The objective of this project was to develop new technology to improve deliverability from gas storage wells. Two cost-effective surfactants were selected from 11 candidates through preliminary screening tests for additional reservoir core tests. Reservoir cores from three gas storage facilities including sandstone and dolomite reservoirs were used to evaluate surfactant-gas-core systems. The imbibition and core flood tests showed that gas deliverability and storage capacity were improved in surfactant-treated sandstone cores. However, the surfactants had a very limited effect on dolomite cores. An engineering analysis was conducted to develop an analytical method to evaluate future field tests of the new technology. The aquifer storage facilities are candidates for field testing.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Pelizzetti, E. Colloidal Assemblies Effect on Chemical Reactions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada193570.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Foust, C. B., G. D. Griffin, N. B. Munro, and M. L. Socolof. Guidance on health effects of toxic chemicals. Safety Analysis Report Update Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10136228.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Belkin, Shimshon, Sylvia Daunert, and Mona Wells. Whole-Cell Biosensor Panel for Agricultural Endocrine Disruptors. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696542.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Objectives: The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Background: Chemical agents, such as pesticides applied at inappropriate levels, may compromise water quality or contaminate soils and hence threaten human populations. In recent years, two classes of compounds have been increasingly implicated as emerging risks in agriculturally-related pollution: endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals. The latter group may reach the environment by the use of wastewater effluents, whereas many pesticides have been implicated as EDCs. Both groups pose a threat in proportion to their bioavailability, since that which is biounavailable or can be rendered so is a priori not a threat; bioavailability, in turn, is mediated by complex matrices such as soils. Genetically engineered biosensor bacteria hold great promise for sensing bioavailability because the sensor is a live soil- and water-compatible organism with biological response dynamics, and because its response can be genetically “tailored” to report on general toxicity, on bioavailability, and on the presence of specific classes of toxicants. In the present project we have developed a bacterial-based sensor panel incorporating multiple strains of genetically engineered biosensors for the purpose of detecting different types of biological effects. The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Major achievements: (a) construction of innovative bacterial sensor strains for accurate and sensitive detection of agriculturally-relevant pollutants, with a focus on endocrine disrupting compounds (UK and HUJ) and antibiotics (HUJ); (b) optimization of methods for long-term preservation of the reporter bacteria, either by direct deposition on solid surfaces (HUJ) or by the construction of spore-forming Bacillus-based sensors (UK); (c) partial development of a computerized algorithm for the analysis of sensor panel responses. Implications: The sensor panel developed in the course of the project was shown to be applicable for the detection of a broad range of antibiotics and EDCs. Following a suitable development phase, the panel will be ready for testing in an agricultural environment, as an innovative tool for assessing the environmental impacts of EDCs and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, while the current study relates directly to issues of water quality and soil health, its implications are much broader, with potential uses is risk-based assessment related to the clinical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries as well as to homeland security.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Weiss. PR-318-08700-R01 Smart Gas-Using Chemicals to Improve Gas Deliverability-Phase II. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010944.

Full text
Abstract:
In water-wet gas storage reservoirs, the imbibition force promotes the retention of water in the pore space, which curtails the deliverability of gas to the wellbore during periods of high demand. Similarly, the injection of gas during the fill cycle is restricted. In addition, the pore space occupied by irreducible water is not available to hold gas. The objective of this Phase II project was to demonstrate in the field the new technology developed in the laboratory during Phase I. Wettability alteration was evaluated as a technique to improve gas deliverability from gas storage wells during Phase I. During the first year, two cost-effective surfactants were selected from 11 candidates through various laboratory screening and reservoir core tests. Reservoir cores from three gas storage facilities including sandstone and dolomite reservoirs were used to evaluate the two surfactants. The imbibition and core flood tests showed that gas deliverability and storage capacity were improved in surfactant-treated sandstone cores. However, these surfactants had a very limited effect on dolomite cores. An engineering analysis was conducted to develop an analytical method for evaluating future field tests of the new technology. It was concluded that the aquifer storage facilities are candidates for field testing. Results from Phase I provided the foundation for this Phase II project.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Hicks, R. J., and P. Van Voris. Review and evaluation of the effects of xenobiotic chemicals on microorganisms in soil. [139 references]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5406358.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Weiss. L52296 Smart Gas Using Chemicals To Improve Gas Deliverability Phase II. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010658.

Full text
Abstract:
The objective of this effort was to demonstrate in the field the new wettability altering technology developed in the laboratory during Phase 1. Reservoir cores from three gas storage facilities including sandstone and dolomite reservoirs were used to evaluate the two surfactants. The imbibition and core flood tests showed that gas deliverability was improved in surfactant-treated sandstone cores. It was concluded that the aquifer storage facilities are candidates for field testing. Results from Phase I provided the foundation for this Phase II project. The Waverly Storage Facility operated by Southern Union/Panhandle Energy was selected as the site for a field test of the surfactant process. Waverly is an 1800-ft sandstone aquifer gas storage reservoir located near Springfield, lllinois. Expansion and contraction of a spherical gas bubble provided pressure support as gas was injected and withdrawn from 37 individual wells. Three wells were selected for treatment with 1000 bbl of ~4% surfactant solution. An additional three nearby wells were selected as control wells. A field mixing procedure similar to that used in the laboratory to avoid phase separation of the microemulsion was developed and successfully used during the third week of October 2007 when the wells were treated. Rates and pressures were measured at the wellhead; fluid levels were not recorded. Since the initial rate-pressure data collected during the project year including the well treatments were sparse, it was decided to extend the project to the end of 2008 to acquire more field data.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Effect of chemicals on' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography