Relevant bibliographies by topics / Effect of chemicals

Academic literature on the topic 'Effect of chemicals'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Effect of chemicals"

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Lalruatfela, B. "A review on tobacco and its effect on health." Science Vision 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.19.01.04.

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Tobacco is an important agricultural product that is consumed all over the world. More than 8000 chemicals are reported to be present in tobacco, and a large number of these chemicals are known carcinogens, and hence is known to be one of the most significant contributors to the development of cancer of different body parts. These chemicals have been reported to alter both the genetic and epigenetic constituents of cells. Such changes involve point mutation, deletion, insertion, recombination, transversion, transition, and chromosomal aberrations including aneuploidy and polyploidy. The chemical composition of different types of tobacco has been reported to be different. In this article, brief information about tobacco plants; history, types and popularity of tobacco; its chemical composition; relation to cancer and other diseases and its effects on the molecular, epigenetic and genetic compositions have been highlighted.
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Liang-Yong, Wang, Zhang Kai-Liang, Song Zhi-Tang, and Feng Song-Lin. "Effect of Chemicals on Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Glass Substrates." Chinese Physics Letters 24, no. 1 (January 2007): 259–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/24/1/070.

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Liu, Xian Na, and Shun Sheng Chen. "Study on Defluorination Effect of Antarctic Krill by Chemical Treatments." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 1151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.1151.

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Decreasing effects of fluoride contents in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) as affected by chemical treatments with and without heating were investigated. The used chemicals were Na2SO3, citric acid, acetic acid, HCl, betaine, sodium chloride. Fluoride contents per dry weight were 1138±1 mg/kg in the whole body of krill (WBK) and 333±2 mg/kg in the peeled krill meat (PKM) respectively. When WBK was treated with chemicals with and without heating, Decreasing effects of fluoride contents is not significant. The effect of defluorination by chemical treatments with heating is more significant than without heating. Particularly, the treatment of betaine without heating showed the best reduction effect of 48±9mg/kg and the highest defluorination efficiency of 85.59%, followed by citric acid (52±11mg/kg,84.38%), acetic acid (55±6mg/kg,83.48%) and hydrochloric acid (62±5mg/kg,81.38%).
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Liu, Tao, Lei Chen, and Xiaoyong Pan. "An Integrated Multi-Label Classifier with Chemical-Chemical Interactions for Prediction of Chemical Toxicity Effects." Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 21, no. 6 (August 27, 2018): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207321666180601075428.

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Aims and Objective: Chemical toxicity effect is one of the major reasons for declining candidate drugs. Detecting the toxicity effects of all chemicals can accelerate the procedures of drug discovery. However, it is time-consuming and expensive to identify the toxicity effects of a given chemical through traditional experiments. Designing quick, reliable and non-animal-involved computational methods is an alternative way. Method: In this study, a novel integrated multi-label classifier was proposed. First, based on five types of chemical-chemical interactions retrieved from STITCH, each of which is derived from one aspect of chemicals, five individual classifiers were built. Then, several integrated classifiers were built by integrating some or all individual classifiers. Result and Conclusion: By testing the integrated classifiers on a dataset with chemicals and their toxicity effects in Accelrys Toxicity database and non-toxic chemicals with their performance evaluated by jackknife test, an optimal integrated classifier was selected as the proposed classifier, which provided quite high prediction accuracies and wide applications.
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GOLDEN, D. A., E. K. HEATON, and L. R. BEUCHAT. "Effect of Chemical Treatments on Microbiological, Sensory and Physical Qualities of Individually Shrink-Wrapped Produce." Journal of Food Protection 50, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 673–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-50.8.673.

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Effects of four chemical treatments on microbiological, sensory and physical qualities of individually shrink-wrapped bell peppers, tomatoes, peaches and cantaloupes stored at 0 to 21°C were determined. With the exception of produce treated with guazatine, higher populations of microorganisms were detected on shrink-wrapped produce than on unwrapped produce as storage time increased. Treatment of wrapped produce with guazatine generally controlled microbial populations at about the same levels or at lower levels than those detected on unwrapped produce treated with imazalil, chlorine and a quaternary ammonium compound. Little inhibition of microbial growth compared to untreated produce was observed on fruits and vegetables treated with the latter three chemicals. None of the chemicals had deleterious effects on sensory or physical qualities of produce, with the exception of imazalil which caused severe brown discoloration on wrapped and unwrapped peaches. Shrink-wrapping retarded loss of firmness of chemically treated and untreated bell peppers, but had little effect on changes in firmness of the other produce during storage.
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Czarnota, Jenna, David C. Wheeler, and Chris Gennings. "Evaluating Geographically Weighted Regression Models for Environmental Chemical Risk Analysis." Cancer Informatics 14s2 (January 2015): CIN.S17296. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cin.s17296.

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In the evaluation of cancer risk related to environmental chemical exposures, the effect of many correlated chemicals on disease is often of interest. The relationship between correlated environmental chemicals and health effects is not always constant across a study area, as exposure levels may change spatially due to various environmental factors. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) has been proposed to model spatially varying effects. However, concerns about collinearity effects, including regression coefficient sign reversal (ie, reversal paradox), may limit the applicability of GWR for environmental chemical risk analysis. A penalized version of GWR, the geographically weighted lasso, has been proposed to remediate the collinearity effects in GWR models. Our focus in this study was on assessing through a simulation study the ability of GWR and GWL to correctly identify spatially varying chemical effects for a mixture of correlated chemicals within a study area. Our results showed that GWR suffered from the reversal paradox, while GWL overpenalized the effects for the chemical most strongly related to the outcome.
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Luo, Yan, and Yi Li. "Control quantity or toxicity of textile chemicals? A case study of denim jeans in the warp-dyeing phase." Textile Research Journal 91, no. 15-16 (February 8, 2021): 1900–1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517521993488.

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The extensive use and discharge of chemicals is one of the main factors leading to serious environmental pollution in the textiles and apparel industry. The chemical footprint (ChF) is a toxicity-based chemical management method that is used to quantitatively evaluate the potential toxic effects of chemical pollutants discharged during the production of textiles and apparel products on human health and environmental safety. Compared with the traditional quantity-based method, this method needs to simulate the entire process of chemicals from discharge to impact, involving a series of steps of fate, exposure and effect, which greatly increases the difficulty of modeling. A scientific question is whether it is worth spending so much effort to quantify the toxicity of chemicals. Taking the warp-dyeing phase of denim jeans as an example, this paper calculated the ChFs for both human and ecological toxicities of textile chemicals based on the USEtox model, and compared them with the values of discharge quantities. The results reveal that there is a certain inconsistency between the discharge quantity and toxicity of chemical substances. Relying solely on the amount of chemicals discharged can sometimes lead to misjudgments, emphasizing the importance of controlling the toxicity of chemicals.
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Ogungbemi, Afolarin O., Riccardo Massei, Rolf Altenburger, Stefan Scholz, and Eberhard Küster. "Assessing Combined Effects for Mixtures of Similar and Dissimilar Acting Neuroactive Substances on Zebrafish Embryo Movement." Toxics 9, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9050104.

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Risk assessment of chemicals is usually conducted for individual chemicals whereas mixtures of chemicals occur in the environment. Considering that neuroactive chemicals are a group of contaminants that dominate the environment, it is then imperative to understand the combined effects of mixtures. The commonly used models to predict mixture effects, namely concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA), are thought to be suitable for mixtures of similarly or dissimilarly acting components, respectively. For mixture toxicity prediction, one important challenge is to clarify whether to group neuroactive substances based on similar mechanisms of action, e.g., same molecular target or rather similar toxicological response, e.g., hyper- or hypoactivity (effect direction). We addressed this by using the spontaneous tail coiling (STC) of zebrafish embryos, which represents the earliest observable motor activity in the developing neural network, as a model to elucidate the link between the mechanism of action and toxicological response. Our objective was to answer the following two questions: (1) Can the mixture models CA or IA be used to predict combined effects for neuroactive chemical mixtures when the components share a similar mode of action (i.e., hyper- or hypoactivity) but show different mechanism of action? (2) Will a mixture of chemicals where the components show opposing effect directions result in an antagonistic combined effect? Results indicate that mixture toxicity of chemicals such as propafenone and abamectin as well as chlorpyrifos and hexaconazole that are known to show different mechanisms of action but similar effect directions were predictable using CA and IA models. This could be interpreted with the convergence of effects on the neural level leading to either a collective activation or inhibition of synapses. We also found antagonistic effects for mixtures containing substances with opposing effect direction. Finally, we discuss how the STC may be used to amend risk assessment.
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DEVLIEGHERE, F., K. FRANCOIS, K. M. VEREECKEN, A. H. GEERAERD, J. F. VAN IMPE, and J. DEBEVERE. "Effect of Chemicals on the Microbial Evolution in Foods." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 1977–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.9.1977.

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In contrast with most chemical hazardous compounds, the concentration of food pathogens changes during processing, storage, and meal preparation, making it difficult to estimate the number of microorganisms or the concentration of their toxins at the moment of ingestion by the consumer. These changes are attributed to microbial proliferation, survival, and/or inactivation and must be considered when exposure to a microbial hazard is assessed. The number of microorganisms can also change as a result of physical removal, mixing of food ingredients, partitioning of a food product, or cross-contamination (M. J. Nauta. 2002. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 73:297–304). Predictive microbiology, i.e., relating these microbial evolutionary patterns to environmental conditions, can therefore be considered a useful tool for microbial risk assessment, especially in the exposure assessment step. During the early development of the field (late 1980s and early 1990s), almost all research was focused on the modeling of microbial growth over time and the influence of temperature on this growth. Later, modeling of the influence of other intrinsic and extrinsic parameters garnered attention. Recently, more attention has been given to modeling of the effects of chemicals on microbial inactivation and survival. This article is an overview of different applied strategies for modeling the effect of chemical compounds on microbial populations. Various approaches for modeling chemical growth inhibition, the growth–no growth interface, and microbial inactivation by chemicals are reviewed.
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Sarlin, T., S. Halttunen, P. Vuoriranta, and J. Puhakka. "Effects of Chemical Spills on Activated Sludge Treatment Performance in Pulp and Paper Mills." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 11-12 (December 1, 1999): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0728.

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The aim of this research was to study the effects of chemical spills on activated sludge metabolic activity and settleability. On-site, laboratory-scale tests were carried out at three pulp and paper mill activated sludge plants. Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal were used for monitoring of metabolic inhibition. The effects of chemicals on 30-min settled sludge volume were studied. Accidental release reports from five pulp and paper mills were analysed. Thirty-four chemicals were selected to the laboratory tests. Of the tested chemicals 2 biocides, monochloro acetic acid, soft soap and turpentine inhibited the OUR of the sludge and thus, had an acute toxic effect on the activated sludge. The biocides and disperging agent reduced DOC removal. Aluminium sulphate and optical brightener had a negative effect on sludge settleability and thus, they may cause losses of activated sludge from treatment plant. In conclusion, maximum possible spill of the five chemicals may reduce the performance of the activated sludge.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Effect of chemicals"

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Filby, Amy Louisa. "Molecular effect pathways of endocrine disrupting chemicals in fish." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439828.

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Delacruz, C. Ligia. "The effect of natural toxicants and other chemicals on the kidney." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1988. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847359/.

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Repeated administration of ochratoxin A (OTA) caused renal morphological dose-related changes, that were associated with proximal tubular and glomerular damage the latter showing oedema and prominent PAS staining suggestive of glomerular basement membrane thickening. On the other hand, the combined administration of repeated doses of OTA and aflatoxin B[1] (2. 5 mg and 100 ug per kg, respectively), appeared to have a synergistic effect, characterized by severe disruption of proximal tubules and general morphological derrangement of the glomerulus, involving intense and faint staining nuclei (suggestive of cell necrosis) and cytoplasmic vacuolation, which was not seen with either toxin alone. When clinical biochemical parameters were measured after repeated administration of a low dose of OTA, enzymuria, glucosuria, polyuria and proteinuria were observed, with glucose and alkaline phosphatase as the most sensitive parameters. Metabolic studies performed in vitro showed that isolated pig and rat glomeruli incorporate different amino acids linearly for several hours at different rates and perform oxidative metabolism of glucose and fatty acids to CO[2] also linearly. For pig glomeruli the order of amino acid incorporation was LEU >> PRO = HIS > LYS > GLY and for rat glomeruli it was TRP >> PHE > TYR = LEU > PRO > HIS. The same amino acids were incorporated in a similar way in rat tubules, but the incorporation rate is 10-fold lower. When de novo synthesis of protein by pig glomeruli exposed to different chemicals was assessed, using proline (PRO) as the precursor, adriamycin (ADR) and ethacrynic acid (ETA) inhibited protein synthesis more than 2-bromoethanamine (BEA) and streptomycin (STR), and much more than puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN). When isolated rat glomeruli were exposed to low concentrations of OTA, there was a generalized inhibition on de novo synthesis of protein from the six amino acids tested and the aromatic amino acids (TRP, TYR and PHE) were more sensitive to OTA effect than PRO. Low concentrations of OTA (10 - 100 uM) enhanced glomerular and tubular glucose metabolism to CO[2] and only high concentrations of the mycotoxin (1000 uM) caused significant inhibition of glomerular and proximal tubular linolenic acid metabolism.
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Quinn, Amie L., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "The impacts of agricultural chemicals and temperature on the physiological stress response in fish." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbirdge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2007, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/676.

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Fish are exposed to multiple stressors in their environment. The interactive effects of pesticide exposure and increased temperature on the physiological stress response were investigated in a comparative field study with cold-water (whitefish, Prosopium williamsoni) and cool-water (sucker, Catostomus) fish from the Oldman River, Alberta, Canada, and in a laboratory study with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Physiogical stress indicators were measured, and exposure to pesticides was estimated using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition. Species-specific differences in AChE activities and responses of the physiological stress axis were detected in whitefish and suckers, suggesting that whitefish are a more sensitive species to temperature and pesticide stress. In vivo Dimethoate exposure inhibited AChE activity in various tissues and disrupted the physiogical stress response. Commercial Dimethoate, in vitro, caused a decrease in viability and cortisol secretion while pure grade Dimethoate did not. The results from this study can be used in predictions of fish vulnerability to stress.
ix, 137 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.
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Li, Jing Adela, and 李晶. "Temperature-dependent toxic effects of selected chemicals on marine organisms." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/211051.

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Anthropogenically driven climate change not only results in rising of sea temperature but also leads to more frequent and longer-lasting cold and heat waves. Meanwhile, coastal marine ecosystems are constantly challenged by increasing threats of chemical pollution. Temperature and chemical stressors can jointly affect the livelihood of marine organisms, but their combined effects are still poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of thermal stress and chemical exposure on the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma, copepod Tigriopus japonicus and rotifer Brachionus koreanus. The four selected chemical contaminants included copper sulphate pentahydrate (Cu), dichlorophenyltrichloroethane (DDT), triphenyltin chloride and copper pyrithione. It was hypothesized that marine organisms are more susceptible to chemical exposure at both cold and warm extremes. In vivo acute ecotoxicity tests were conducted over a wide temperature range to ascertain the relationship between thermal stress and chemical toxicity. For O. melastigma larvae, the lowest toxicity occurred at an optimum temperature range; the chemical toxicity further increased with temperature increase or decrease from this optimum, and exacerbated at extremely low and high temperatures. For T. japonicus and B. koreanus, the chemical toxicity generally increased with increasing temperature. Such inter-species dissimilarities were possibly due to differences in the uptake route, detoxification mechanism, avoidance behaviour and physiological response between the fish and the copepod or rotifer. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the temperature-dependent physiological and biochemical responses, and thermal tolerance of O. melastigma larvae. The growth in the fish larvae showed an inverse and negatively skewed V-shape relationship with temperature, with a significant reduction in performance at both low and high thermal extremes. A mismatch between demand and supply of oxygen and energy under extremely cold and warm conditions was probably the primary cause of growth inhibition and metabolic impairment, leading to a temporary adaptation by a shift to anaerobiosis and an induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs). Temperatures at both cold and warm extremes increased toxicities of DDT and Cu to O. melastigma larvae, resulting in restricted growth and interrupted oxygen consumption rate. The fish larvae modulated their metabolic pathway and produced stress proteins (i.e., HSPs and metallothioneins) for adaptation to the combined stress. However, such responses were disrupted by combinations of thermal extremes, in particular high temperature, and high chemical concentration. Most importantly, both DDT and Cu exposure significantly reduced the thermal tolerance of the fish larvae. The interacting effect of temperature and Cu was also investigated on T. japonicus. The results showed that their combined effect could significantly reduce the survival, lengthen the developmental time and change the sex ratio of the copepod. Transcriptions of several stress-related genes (i.e., glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferases and HSPs) in the adult T. japonicus were significantly affected by the joint-effect of temperature and Cu exposure, implying that these genes played essential roles in protecting the cellular integrity against the stresses. This study advanced the understanding on the temperature-dependent toxicity of chemical contaminants to marine organisms, and provided valuable information and empirical models for deriving water quality criteria of chemical contaminants at various temperatures.
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Biological Sciences
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Coberly, Samantha W. "The effect of household chemicals on deciduous and permanent tooth class." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/6807.

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Dental anthropology was wide ranging implications for the field of anthropology. Teeth have become important sources of data about the individual as well as possibly being able to identify them. One problem that can arise is the chemical destruction of teeth whether it be diagenesis in an archaeological context or deliberately in a forensic context. In terms of deliberate destruction of the body several household chemicals are cheap and easily assessable. The purpose of this research is to look at how six household chemicals affect both deciduous and permanent tooth classes. The six chemicals include, Vinegar (acetic acid), Bleach (sodium hypochlorite), Biz (Sodium per carbonate), Lye (Sodium Hydroxide) Ammonia and the control (tap water). The teeth were placed in jars containing the chemical for twenty-four hours. Every hour the weight and mesial/distal length were measured. Of the six chemicals, vinegar affected the teeth the most.
Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, Fairmount College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Anthropology
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Turan, Nahid. "The effect of plasticisers and related chemicals on sulphate supply enzymes." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433746.

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Howard, Samuel Clarence. "The effect of three holding tank chemicals on anaerobic wastewater treatment." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45158.

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Sewage-holding tanks aboard recreational boats store human wastes, thereby preventing the direct discharge of wastewater to the aquatic environment. Water-conserving toilets and limited holding tank volumes produce a highly concentrated waste that must be periodically dumped to a wastewater treatment system. Prior to disposal, many boat operators add commercial preparations to control odors produced in their chemical toilets and holding tanks. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of three holding-tank chemicals on anaerobic wastewater treatment. Specifically, septic-tank performance with respect to effluent total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) was evaluated. Potential drain-field failure was the concern that led to the selection of TSS and COD. Drain-field failure could result from high solids carry-over or from a high concentration of COD in the effluent which would promote excessive bio-mat growth and clog the system. Laboratory septic tanks were constructed and operated for this evaluation. Methanol, paraformaldehyde and formaldehyde were each listed as an active ingredient in one of three chemical compounds used by recreational boat owners to deodorize sewage-holding tanks. septic-tank effluent TSS concentrations were not adversely effected by the shockloading with wastewater containing these chemicals. Concentrations expected to be achieved by dilution (20 and 50 percent of the recommended additive dose) resulted in septic-tank effluent COD within an acceptable range, which was determined by operation of a control system. Wastewaters containing these concentrations were not detrimental to the septic-tank treatment system. However, the full manufacturers' recommended dose of the odor control chemicals disrupted the system's ability to degrade COD. At full strength, the para formaldehyde and formaldehyde deodorants were particularly detrimental; no recovery occurred after the two-day shock-dose was completed.
Master of Science
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Reed, Susan, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and of Science Technology and Environment College. "Development of method to assess skin contact to chemicals." THESIS_CSTE_XXX_Reed_S.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/611.

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Chemical exposure of the skin has become a route of entry of some chemicals into the body and has come under major review in recent times. This research aims to develop a method of estimating skin exposure that is both reliable and non-prohibitive in cost. This involved the design and testing of skin patches adaptable for monitoring skin exposure to chemicals using several different types of absorbents which could be easily worn against skin. The final design of the patch used either activated charcoal or tenax as the absorbing medium. The patches were then desorbed with a solvent in order to analyse the chemicals. The results of the study showed that many skin exposures do not have a direct relationship with inhalation exposures, which is important because currently there are no estimates of the levels of skin exposures that may have potential long term health effects. The patch has proved successful for detecting the presence and determining the amount of chemicals that come in contact with the skin. Charcoal patches have the widest application, but are not suitable for all situations and tenax should be used on these occasions.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Montambault, François. "The use of Hoe-39866 as a potato-top desiccant /." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61703.

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Weyand, Eric Henry. "The metabolic fate of benzo [a] pyrene in vivo." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77786.

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[³H]-B[a]P absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and macromolecular binding in male Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated following administration by intratracheal instillation through a cannula. [³H]- radioactivity in various organs was determined at timed intervals between 5 and 360 min. Elimination of radioactivity from lungs was biphasic with half-lives of 5 and 116 min. Radioactivity in liver increased rapidly, reaching a maximum of 21% of the dose within 10 min after installation and decreasing thereafter, until less than 5% of the dose was detected at 360 min. Radioactivity in intestinal contents accounted for 45% of the dose 360 min after installation. Carcass accounted for 15-30% of the dose within the time intervals investigated. Toxicokinetic parameters to describe B[a]P disposition following intratracheal administration were similar to those following intravenous injection of B[a]P. HPLC was used to identify various types of metabolites in lungs, liver, and intestinal contents at selected times after B[a]P instillation. Notably, quinones were at highest concentrations in both lung and liver 5 min after installation, accounting for 12 and 7% of organic extractable material, respectively. Covalent binding of B[a]P metabolites to DNA, RNA, and protein at 6 hrs after installation was also quantified for lung and liver. There was extensive binding of metabolites to RNA while much lesser amounts of metabolites were associated with protein and DNA in both organs. Six B[a]P:DNA adducts were detected in lung, while only three such adducts were detected in liver. ³ Biliary excretion of B[a]P was investigated in SpragueDawley rats, Gunn rats, hamsters, and guinea pigs following instillation of [³H]-B[a]P. [³H]-B[a]P was administered at concentrations ranging from 6 ng to 380 μg and biliary radioactivity was monitored for 6 hrs. In addition, tissue distribution of radioactivity was determined. Species differences in biliary excretion of B[a]P and/or metabolites were detected. Rats and guinea pigs, but not hamsters, exhibited differences in biliary excretion of low and high doses of B[a]P. Phase II metabolites of B[a]P in bile were quantified for all species. The majority of these metabolites were glucuronides and thio-ether conjugates. Enterohepatic circulation of B[a]P biliary metabolites was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats.
Ph. D.
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Books on the topic "Effect of chemicals"

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Lee, Betty Lou. Coping with chemicals. Ottawa, Ont: Environment Canada, 1985.

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Halton, David M. What makes chemicals poisonous? Hamilton, Ont: Canadian Centre for Occupational Health & Safety, 1988.

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The poison paradox: Chemicals as friends and foes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.

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The poison paradox: Chemicals as friends and foes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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Mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis. London: Butterworths, 1986.

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Japan. Kankyōshō. Kankyō Hokenbu. Kankyō Risuku Hyōkashitsu. Nihonjin ni okeru kagaku busshitsu no bakuroryō ni tsuite: Kagaku busshitsu no hito e no bakuroryō monitaringu chōsa (2011-) = The exposure to chemical compounds in the Japanese people. Tōkyō-to Chiyoda-ku: Kankyōshō Kankyō Hokenbu Kankyō Risuku Hyōkashitsu, 2014.

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Nong zuo wu nong yao zhi yao hai. Taizhong Shi: Dao xiang wen hua shi ye gu fen you xian gong si, 1994.

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Chemical sensitivity: Environmental diseases and pollutants : how they hurt us, how to deal with them. New Canaan, Conn: Keats Pub., 1995.

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Kaiser, Klaus L. E. Ecotoxicity of chemicals to photobacterium phosphoreum. Yverdon, Switzerland: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1994.

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Neilson, Alasdair H. Environmental degradation and transformation of organic chemicals. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Effect of chemicals"

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Andrews, D. F., and A. M. Herzberg. "Effect of Chemicals on Earthworm Populations." In Springer Series in Statistics, 301–6. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5098-2_53.

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Weekers, F., Ph Thonart, Ph Jacques, D. Springael, M. Mergeay, and L. Diels. "Effect of Drying on Bioremediation Bacteria Properties." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 311–22. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1814-2_30.

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Du, Liping, Aleš Prokop, and Robert D. Tanner. "Effect of Bubble Size on Foam Fractionation of Ovalbumin." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 1075–91. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0119-9_87.

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Mulisch, Hans-Martin, Werner Winter, and Hermann H. Dieter. "Assessment of the Effect Potential of Environmental Chemicals." In Exposure and Risk Assessment of Chemical Pollution — Contemporary Methodology, 147–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2335-3_9.

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Bredwell, M. D., M. D. Telgenhoff, S. Barnard, and R. M. Worden. "Effect of Surfactants on Carbon Monoxide Fermentations by Butyribacterium methylotrophicum." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 637–47. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2312-2_56.

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Burapatana, Vorakan, Ernest E. Butler, Gaurav Chauhan, Sean Hartig, Helen Kincaid, Tong Wang, Shayrizal Samsudin, and Robert D. Tanner. "Effect of Lidocaine on Ovalbumin and Egg Albumin Foam Stability." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 905–11. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0057-4_76.

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Saxena, Ajit Kumar, and Amit Kumar. "Effect of Cyclophosphamide on Chromosomes." In Fish Analysis for Drug and Chemicals Mediated Cellular Toxicity, 7–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4700-3_2.

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Gottschalk, Leda M. F., Ronaldo Nobrega, and Elba P. S. Bon. "Effect of Aeration on Lignin Peroxidase Production by Streptomyces viridosporus T7A." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 799–807. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0057-4_67.

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Penna, Thereza Christina Vessoni, Irene A. Machoshvili, and Marina Ishii. "Effect of Media on Spore Yield and Thermal Resistance of Bacillus stearothermophilus." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 287–94. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0057-4_23.

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Gomez, Jorge, Ramon Mendez, and Juan M. Lema. "The Effect of Antibiotics on Nitrification Processes." In Seventeenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 869–76. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0223-3_81.

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Conference papers on the topic "Effect of chemicals"

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Arbab, M. Hassan, Antao Chen, Eric I. Thorsos, Dale P. Winebrenner, and Lisa M. Zurk. "Effect of surface scattering on terahertz time domain spectroscopy of chemicals." In Integrated Optoelectronic Devices 2008, edited by Kurt J. Linden and Laurence P. Sadwick. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.769015.

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Yuce, H. H., A. D. Hasse, and P. L. Key. "Effect Of Common Chemicals On The Mechanical Properties Of Optical Fibers." In O-E/Fiber LASE '88, edited by Roger A. Greenwell, Dilip K. Paul, and Shekhar G. Wadekar. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.960047.

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Manu, J., and Vasudeva Madav. "Hydrodynamic effect of elastic and inelastic collisions in fluidized bubbling bed reactor." In NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY AND CHEMICALS FROM BIOMASS (NCECB). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0005565.

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Whaley, D. A., P. Adkins, J. Cahoon, R. Fluharty, D. Keyes, and B. Zubi. "162. Effect of Incorporating Occupational Reproductive Guidelines into Scores for 200 Superfund Chemicals, Using Purdue Chemical Hazard Scores." In AIHce 1998. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2762545.

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Xie, Qianyan, Debra Yeager, and Jack Chu. "The Effect of Chemicals and Solvents on Plastics -An Engineering Practice Guide." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/950634.

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Kirk, Joseph W., and Romony E. Sin. "Laboratory Evaluation of the Effect of Treating Chemicals on Scale Inhibitor Performance." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/38800-ms.

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Zhou, Yunhe, Xiaodong Cheng, Leilei Wang, Guopu Wang, and Yong Huang. "Effect of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Water Environment on Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5516586.

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Lee, Han-Shin, Jaehyuck Choi, DonGun Lee, Hyungho Ko, SeongSu Kim, Chan-Uk Jeon, and HanKu Cho. "Effect of EUV exposure upon surface residual chemicals on EUV mask surface." In Photomask and NGL Mask Technology XVII, edited by Kunihiro Hosono. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.868292.

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Hessling, J., and S. Shuler. "Effect of De-Icing Chemicals on Crack Sealant Performance in Colorado, USA." In GeoHunan International Conference 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41043(350)14.

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Martin, F. D., and J. C. Oxley. "Effect of Various Alkaline Chemicals on Phase Behavior of Surfactant/Brine/Oil Mixtures." In SPE Oilfield and Geothermal Chemistry Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/13575-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Effect of chemicals"

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Petit, Sylvain, Joannie Chin, Amanda Forster, Michael Riley, and Kirk Rice. Effect of artificial perspiration and cleaning chemicals on mechanical and chemical properties of ballistic fibers. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.7494.

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Lorenz, P. B. The effect of alkaline agents on retention of EOR chemicals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5629326.

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Pelizzetti, E. Colloidal Assemblies Effect on Chemical Reactions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada193570.

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Burroughs, Jedadiah, Jason Weiss, and John Haddock. Influence of high volumes of silica fume on the rheological behavior of oil well cement pastes. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41288.

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Abstract:
Specialized classes of concrete, such as ultra-high-performance concrete, use volumes of silica fume in concrete that are higher than those in conventional concrete, resulting in increased water demand and mixing difficulty. This study considered the effects of eight different silica fumes in three dosages (10%, 20%, 30%) with three w/b (0.20, 0.30, 0.45) on rheological behavior as characterized by the Herschel-Bulkley model. Results indicated that the specific source of silica fume used, in addition to dosage and w/b, had a significant effect on the rheological behavior. As such, all silica fumes cannot be treated as equivalent or be directly substituted one for another without modification of the mixture proportion. The rheology of cement pastes is significantly affected by the physical properties of silica fume more so than any chemical effects.
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Chuang, S. S. C. The effect of chemical additives on the synthesis of ethanol. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7205410.

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Chuang, S. S. C. The effect of chemical additives on the synthesis of ethanol. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7205411.

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Chuang, S. S. C., and S. I. Pien. The effect of chemical additives on the synthesis of ethanol. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7205412.

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Chuang, S. S. C. The effect of chemical additives on the synthesis of ethanol. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7205413.

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Chuang, S. S. C. The effect of chemical additives on the synthesis of ethanol. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7205414.

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Chuang, S. C., and M. W. Balakos. The effect of chemical additives on the synthesis of ethanol. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5013437.

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