Relevant bibliographies by topics / Effect

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Effect'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Effect"

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Kužel, S., P. Cígler, M. Hrubý, J. Vydra, D. Pavlíková, and P. Tlustoš. "The effect of simultaneous magnesium application on the biological effects of titanium ." Plant, Soil and Environment 53, No. 1 (January 7, 2008): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3189-pse.

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Most of the works published since the beginning of the 20<sup>th</sup> century have brought interesting results about beneficial effects of titanium (Ti) on plants, but much less is known about its phytotoxic effects at higher doses. Here we demonstrate the influence of Mg treatment on the phytotoxic effects of Ti. Mg, Ti + Mg and two different concentrations of Ti leaf sprays were applied on oats (Avena sativa L. cv. Zlať&aacute;k) grown on three different soil types (Fluvisol, Luvisol and Chernozem). Physiological parameters of oats as well as some essential elements contents were analyzed. The foliar applications of Ti caused significant toxic manifestations on oats at &ge; 10 mg/kg concentrations. Mg partially ammeliorates these toxic effects if applied together with Ti. The effect was strong on Fluvisol, but weaker on Chernozem and Luvisol. Ti effects are more significant the further the soil is from the nutritional optimum of the plants. This is most evident in the case of Fluvisol, which is deficient in Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn. It seems that Ti possesses a generally equalizing effect on the elements content in the plant.
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Aliyev, Z. H. "Azerbaijan effects on Agrochemical Indications and Effect of Erosion Process on Plant Productivity." Pesticide Science and Pest Control 1, no. 3 (August 8, 2022): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.58489/2833-0943/012.

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Taking all these into account, it is important to increase the fertility of the soil from the erosion process in Ismayilli and to prevent the washing of fodder crops from perennial herbs. The cultivation of these plants in the mountainous regions protects the slopes from the terrible erosion process and provides the animals with a strong fodder. It is proved by the results of the research that restoration of fertility and ecological balance of erosion lands and the implementation of soil-agro-technical measures to increase productivity are of great importance. Due to the application of these measures, I, as a result of improving the water and physical properties of the affected land, prevent surface water flows. In addition, the results of the study have been proven by the fact that, for certain reason, erosion and erosion hazards are most likely to be taken over by the sowing of perennial herbs. Thus, perennial herbs, in particular, accumulate the nitrogen atmosphere of the legumes, enriches the soil with organic matter, accelerates the formation of water-resistant granular - topical structure and improves its water-physical properties, which in turn facilitates the rapid digestion of foodstuffs.
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Brachthäuser, Jonathan Immanuel, Philipp Schuster, and Klaus Ostermann. "Effects as capabilities: effect handlers and lightweight effect polymorphism." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 4, OOPSLA (November 13, 2020): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3428194.

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Kuratomi, Kei, and Kazuhito Yoshizaki. "Effects of visual hemifield on Gratton effect (conflict adaptation effect)." Journal of Human Environmental Studies 8, no. 1 (2010): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4189/shes.8.67.

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Vari, Sandor G. "The Sisyphus Effect." Ukrainian Biochemical Journal 91, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ubj91.02.005.

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Yoon, Tae-Jin. "Positional Effects of Phonetic Substances: Final Prominence Effect over Frequency Effect*." Studies in Modern Grammar 77 (March 30, 2014): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14342/smog.2014.77.71.

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Sutheebanjard, Phaisarn, and Wichian Premchaiswadi. "Analysis of Calendar Effects: Day-of-the-Week Effect on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET)." International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance 1, no. 1 (2010): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijtef.2010.v1.11.

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Nespolo, Massimo, and Giovanni Ferraris. "Effects of the stacking faults on the calculated electron density of mica polytypes - The Durovic effect." European Journal of Mineralogy 13, no. 6 (November 26, 2001): 1035–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2001/0013-1035.

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MANOLACHE, Madalina. "Ideology of Origin Effect – a Conversion of the Country of Origin Effect." Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty. Section: SOCIAL SCIENCES 04, no. 01 (June 30, 2015): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumenss.2015.0401.01.

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Zahed, Ardashir, and Farzad Sattari Ardabili. "Effect of similar-to-me effect on job satisfaction and organizational trust." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 4 (December 25, 2017): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(4-1).2017.09.

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The present study intended to investigate the effect of managers’ similar-to-me bias on the job satisfaction and organizational trust between public organizations staff. The current study is a descriptive-correlational applied research with quantitative data collection (questionnaire). The results of structural equation modeling analyses conducted for 80 employees of Public organizations in Ardabil, Iran, offered strong support for the proposed model. The results indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between similar-to-me effect and job satisfaction; furthermore, organizational trust mediated the relationship between similar-to-me effect and job satisfaction. It is worth noting that there was a positive relationship between organizational trust and job satisfaction.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Effect"

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Liu, Yang. "Multicaloric effect in ferroic materials." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC041/document.

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Les matériaux caloriques à l'état solide, qui subissent un changement de température adiabatique ou un changement d'entropie isothermal lorsque certains stimuli externes (champ électrique, champ magnétique, contrainte ou pression mécanique) est appliquée ou retirée, sont prometteurs pour la réfrigération à l'état solide, comme alternative aux dispositifs de refroidissement conventionnels inventé il y a cent ans qui utilisent des gaz dangereux. Compte tenu des améliorations des systèmes de réfrigération à compression de vapeur approchant très vite de leur limite d'efficacité théorique, en plus des préoccupations environnementales accrues, il y a eu récemment une recrudescence de la recherche mondiale pour de nouvelles solutions de réfrigération plus économiques et respectueuses de l'environnement. Les caloriques les plus importants sont les matériaux "ferroiquement" ordonnés (ferroélectriques, ferroélastiques et ferromagnétique / antiferromagnétique) qui présentent souvent des effets caloriques géants près de leurs transitions ferroïques. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons nos résultats théoriques et expérimentaux sur l'effet électrocalorique, élastocalorique, barocalorique et magnétocalorique dans différents matériaux ferroïques. Nos résultats montrent que tous ces effets caloriques peuvent donner des solutions de réfrigération prometteuses avec un faible impact environnemental. Nous abordons les ferroélectriques qui apparaissent comme matériaux idéaux permettant à la fois des réponses électrocaloriques, élastocaloriques et barocaloriques géantes près de la température ambiante. Pour la première fois, nous mettons en évidence un effet électrocalorique négatif dans des films minces antiferroélectriques et nous proposons un nouveau mécanisme pour comprendre la réponse calorique dans antiferroiques en général incluant antiferroélectrique et antiferromagentique. Par ailleurs, pour la première fois en utilisant une caméra infra-rouge, nous effectuons la mesure résolue spatialement sur l'effet électrocalorique dans des condensateurs multicouches, l'un des systèmes les plus étudiés considérés comme le prototype électrocalorique le plus prometteur. Nos résultats fournissent la première preuve expérimentale directe sur le flux de chaleur électrocalorique à la fois temporellement et spatialement dans un dispositif électrocalorique spécifique. En outre, pour la première fois, nous concevons un cycle de réfrigération multicalorique combinant effet électrocalorique avec des effets élastocaloriques / magnétocaloriques via des matériaux ferroélectriques. Nous avons réalisé ce cycle mutlicalorique pour résoudre un problème réel et de longue date, à savoir une grande hystérésis magnétique qui a empêché l'utilisation pourtant prometteuse de FeRh découvert il y a près de 26 ans en tant que matériau magnétocalorique. Nous espérons que cette thèse fournira non seulement des connaissances utiles pour comprendre fondamentalement l'effet calorique à l'état solide dans les matériaux ferroïques et ce qui est véritablement mesuré, mais pourra aussi servir de guide pratique pour exploiter et développer les ferrocalorics vers la conception de dispositifs appropriés
Solid-state caloric materials, which undergo an adiabatic temperature change or isothermal entropy change when some external stimulus (electric field, magnetic field, stress and pressure) is applied or withdrawn, are promising for solid-state refrigeration, as an alternative to hazardous gases used in conventional cooling devices invented a hundred years ago. Given that the highly refined vapor-compression refrigeration systems asymptotically approach their theoretical efficiency limit in addition to the concern on environment, there has been a recent upsurge in worldwide search for new refrigeration solution which is economical and environmentally friendly. The most prominent calorics are ferroically ordered materials (ferroelectric, ferroelastic and ferromagnetic/antiferromagentic) that often exhibit giant caloric effects near their ferroic transitions. In this thesis, we present our theoretical and experimental results on electrocaloric effect, elastocaloric effect, barocaloric effect and magnetocaloric effect in different ferroic materials. Our findings show that all these caloric effects may appear promising with low environmental impact. We address ferroelectrics emerging as ideal materials which permit both giant elastocaloric, electrocaloric and barocaloric responses near room temperature. For the first time, we find a large negative electrocaloric effect in antiferroelectric thin films and we propose a new mechanism to understand the caloric response in antiferroics including antiferroelectric and antiferromagentic. In addition, for the first time using Infra-red camera we carry out spatially-resolved measurement on electrocaloric effect in multilayer capacitors, one of the most studied systems which are regarded as the most promising electrocaloric prototype. Our findings provide the first direct experimental evidence on the electrocaloric heat flux both temporally and spatially in a specific electrocaloric device. Moreover, for the first time, we design a multicaloric refrigeration cycle combining electrocaloric effect with elastocaloric/magentocaloric effects bridged by ferroelectric materials. We realized such mutlicaloric cycle to solve a real and longstanding problem, i.e., a large hysteresis that impeded reversibility in an otherwise promising magnetocaloric material FeRh discovered almost 26 years ago. We hope that this thesis will not only provide a useful background to fundamentally understand the solid-state caloric effect in ferroics and what we are really measuring, but also may act as a practical guide to exploit and develop ferrocalorics towards design of suitable devices
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Mendy, Henri Joseph. "Etudes expérimentales et simulations des processus de corrosion aux interfaces matériaux métalliques-environnement." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EVRY0026/document.

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L’objectif de ce travail vise, à partir d’un modèle mésoscopique basé sur les automates cellulaires, qui prend en compte un petit nombre de processus simples, à interpréter les simulations numériques obtenues afin de mieux appréhender la complexité de la corrosion. Dans la première partie de ce mémoire, le modèle est appliqué à deux cas : un métal protégé par une couche isolante présentant un défaut et un métal recouvert d’une couche d’oxyde. Les réactions anodiques et cathodiques simulées peuvent se faire soit sur un même site (réactions localisées) soit sur deux sites différents (réactions spatialement séparées). L’étude des réactions localisées montre le détachement d’îlots métalliques au cours de la corrosion. Ces résultats correspondent à un phénomène mis en évidence expérimentalement l’effet chunk, responsable de déviations à la loi de Faraday. Il est montré que la vitesse effective de corrosion est amplifiée par la production des îlots résultant d’un couplage corrosion-érosion. Les réactions anodiques et cathodiques spatialement séparées sont ensuite étudiées montrant l’influence de la diffusion des espèces acido-basiques dans l’électrolyte et mettant en évidence, un régime initial où la solution reste homogène, suivi d’un régime limité par la diffusion où apparaissent des hétérogénéités chimiques engendrant des hétérogénéités physiques (rugosité du front). Le couplage entre les phénomènes chimiques et morphologiques est clairement démontré. Enfin dans une dernière partie, nous nous sommes attachés à mettre en évidence expérimentalement les déviations à la loi de Faraday dans le cas de la corrosion du zinc en milieu acide sulfurique
The aim of this study is, using a mesoscopic model based on cellular automata and taking into account a small number of simple processes, to explain numerical simulations obtained in order to better understand the complexity of corrosion. In the first part of this work, the model is used to simulate corrosion in a defect of material protected by an insulating layer and on a metal covered by an oxide layer. Anodic and cathodic reactions simulated in the model can take place in the same site (localized reactions) or in two different (spatially separated reactions) sites. Study of localized reactions shows the detachment of metallic islands during corrosion. These results correspond to a phenomenon which has been experimentally proven, named chunk effect, and is responsible of the deviation with Faraday’s law. It is shown that effective corrosion speed is enhanced by the production of islands resulting from corrosion-erosion coupling. Secondly studies of spatially separated reactions, have shown the influence of the diffusion of acid-basic species in the solution and have permitted to carry out, an initial regime characterised by an homogenous solution, followed by diffusion limited regime, where chemical heterogeneities leading to physical heterogeneities (roughness of the front) appear. The relationship between chemical and morphological phenomena is clearly demonstrated. Finally we have demonstrated experimental deviations with Faraday’s law in the case of zinc corrosion, in sulphuric acid medium
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Werner, Frank. "Twomey Effect of Trade Wind Cumuli." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-158528.

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In this thesis upward spectral radiances are analyzed, which were sampled above subtropical trade wind cumuli near Barbados. Data were collected by a new measurement setup consisting of two payloads attached to a helicopter. This unique approach allows for collocated measurements of high–resolution microphysical cloud data, aerosol particle number size dis- tributions and the radiation reflected from cloud top, yielding a quantification of the first indirect aerosol effect of shallow water clouds. With the help of the spectral radiation data methods are introduced which help to identify cloud data that are influenced by the albedo of the water surface, as well as three–dimensional radiative effects. A statistical measure of cloud inhomogeneity is introduced, characterizing the observed trade wind cumuli to exhibit medium to high inhomogeneity with respect to upward radiances in the visible wavelength range. The influence of the substantial cloud inhomogeneity on the remote sensing of the cloud optical thickness and the effective droplet radius is quantified. It is shown, that misrep- resentation of the often observed overlying thin cirrus layers in the usual retrieval approaches yields an overestimation in retrieved effective droplet radius of up to 50% and and underestimation in retrieved cloud optical thickness of up to 6%. A new retrieval algorithm is introduced which minimizes the effects of the overlying cirrus without a priori knowledge of its properties. The results from the new algorithm are compared to in situ observations of the effective droplet radius, yielding a high agreement of ±1 μm. Relative susceptibilities of the retrieved microphysical and optical cloud parameters, as well as cloud top reflectivities, are derived to quantify the first indirect aerosol effect for subtropical trade wind cumuli. These relative susceptibilities are in the range of the maximum possible susceptibility following the theory for homogeneous clouds. Parameterizations of the cloud optical thickness and the effective droplet radius as a function of the derived relative susceptibilities and the liquid water path are introduced. The parameterized and measured parameters agreee with a correlation coefficient of 0.97, showing that the parameterization can reliably represent the measurements.
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Xu, Yong. "Étude des effets de la lumière sur les propriétés électriques d’une jonction tunnel magnétique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0256/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur l’étude des effets de la lumière sur une jonction tunnel magnétique (JTM). Une JTM est constituée d’une couche isolante d’épaisseur nanométrique située entre deux couches magnétiques. Lorsqu’un courant électrique est injecté dans une telle structure, une tension apparaît. Cette tension dépend de l’orientation relative des aimantations des 2 couches magnétiques : c’est l’effet de magnétorésistance tunnel. Nous avons pu montrer dans ce travail de thèse qu’une observation similaire est obtenue lorsque la jonction est irradiée avec de la lumière. En étudiant l’influence du substrat, de la position du faisceau lumineux, de la longueur d’onde de la lumière ainsi que de la réponse du système a un pulse laser, nous avons pu mettre en évidence la présence d’effets photovoltaïque et Seebeck. Ces résultats montrent qu’il est possible, grâce à la lumière solaire, de lire l’information de mémoires magnétiques (type M-RAM) constituées d’une JTM
This thesis is devoted to the study of the effects of light on a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). A MTJ is made of a nanometer thick insulating layer sandwiched between the two magnetic layers. When an electric current is injected into such a structure, a voltage can be measured across the insulating layer. This voltage depends on the relative orientation of the magnetizations of the two magnetic layers. This is known as the tunnel magneto-resistance effect. We have shown in this thesis that voltage depending on the orientation of the magnetic layers can be measured when the junction is illuminated with light. By studying the influence of the substrate, the position of the light beam, the wave length of light and the response of the system to a laser pulse, we have been able to demonstrate the presence of photovoltaic and Seebeck effects. These results show that it is possible, thanks to the sunlight, to read the information from magnetic memory (MRAM) made of a MTJ
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Lombardi, Anna. "Linear and ultrafast response of individual multi-material nanoparticles." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10141.

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Les propriétés optiques et vibrationnelles de nanoparticules métalliques individuelles ont été étudiées par spectroscopie par modulation spatiale (SMS), avec une attention particulière aux effets de forme, composition, environnement local, ainsi que de couplage inter-particule. La réponse optique de nanoparticules (métalliques au cœur-couronne métal-diélectrique) allongées et des particules bimétalliques (hétérodimères or-argent) a été mesuré et en suite interprétée grâce à une corrélation avec la caractérisation morphologique de la même particule obtenue par microscopie à transmission électronique et avec des simulations par éléments finis prenants en compte la réelle géométrie du nano-objet et le substrat. Une technique pompe sonde résolue en temps a été en suite utilisée pour étudier le profil Fano dans l'absorption d'une particule d'or au sein d'un hétérodimères or-argent. Sur une échelle de temps des quelques dizaines de picosecondes, les vibrations acoustiques multimodales de nanobipyramides d'or individuelles ont été optiquement détectées et caractérisées par rapport à un modèle élastique classique
Optical and vibrational properties of individual metal-based nanoparticles have been investigated by spatial modulation spectroscopy (SMS), focusing on their dependence on nano-object shape, composition, environment and inter-particle coupling. Quantitative investigations of the optical response, and in particular, the surface plasmon resonance (extinction cross-section amplitude, spectral position and linewidth) of elongated metal or metal-dielectric (gold nanorods, nanobipyramids with or without silica coating) and bimetallic (gold-silver heterodimers) nanoparticles deposited on a substrate have first been performed. The same nanoparticles were characterized by electron microscopy permitting quantitative interpretation of their optical response using finite element numerical simulations, taking into account the influence of the substrate. Combining SMS microscopy with a high sensitivity femtosecond two-color pump-probe setup, the ultrafast dynamics of single nano-objects has been investigated. The Fano absorption profile of a gold nanoparticle within a single gold-silver heterodimer, a parameter not accessible by linear spectroscopy, was directly measured. On a picosecond time-scale, multimodal acoustic vibrations of single gold nanobipyramids were optically lunched and detected, and their features compared to a model based on continuum elasticity
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Muntahi, Abdussamad. "NANOSCALE EFFECTS IN JUNCTIONLESS FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1527.

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Though the concept of junctionless field effect transistor (JLFET) is old, it was not possible to fabricate a useful JLFET device, as it requires a very shallow channel region. Very recently, the emergence of new and advanced technologies has made it possible to create viable JLFET devices using nanowires. This work aims to computationally investigate the interplay of quantum size-quantization and random dopant fluctuations (RDF) effects in nanoscale JLFETs. For this purpose, a 3-D fully atomistic quantum-corrected Monte Carlo device simulator has been integrated and used in this work. The size-quantiza¬tion effect has been accounted for via a param¬eter-free effec¬tive potential scheme and benchmarked against the NEGF approach in the ballistic limit. To study the RDF effects and treat full Coulomb (electron-ion and electron-electron) interactions in the real-space and beyond the Poisson picture, the simulator implements a corrected-Coulomb electron dynamics (QC-ED) approach. The essential bandstructure and scattering parameters (energy bandgap, effective masses, and the density-of-states) have been computed using an atomistic 20-band nearest-neighbour sp3d5s* tight-binding scheme. First, an experimental device was simulated to evaluate the validity of the simulator. Because of the small dimension, quantum mechanical confinement was found to be the dominant mechanism that significantly degrades the current drive capability of nanoscale JLFETs. Surface roughness scattering is not as prominent as observed in conventional MOSFETs. Also, because of its small size, the performance of the device is prone to the effect of variability, for which a discrete doping model was proved essential. Finally, a new JLFET was designed and optimized in this work. The proposed device is based on a gate-all-around silicon nanowire. Source/drain length is 32.5 nm and channel length is 14 nm. Gate contact length is 9 nm. The EOT (equivalent oxide thickness) is 1 nm. It has a metal gate with a workfunction of 4.55 eV. The source, channel and drain regions are n-type with a doping density of 1.5×1019 cm-3. Detailed simulation shows that the two most influential mechanisms that degrade the drive capability are quantum mechanical confinement and Coulomb scattering. Surface roughness scattering is found to be very weak. In addition, thinner nanowire is more prone to Coulomb scattering exhibiting a reduced ON-current (ION). Simulation results show that silicon nanowires with a side length (width and depth) of 3 nm and a doping density of 1.5×1019 cm-3 produce satisfactory drive current.
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Bouras, Bouhafs. "Traitement du signal adapté aux signaux GPS." Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/357ad253-2be4-452d-ad4e-eb2a9e8ef7b6.

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Parmi les systèmes de radionavigation existants, GPS est sans doute le plus complet et le plus précis. Il est conçu pour fournir des mesures précises des trois coordonnées d'un navigateur partout dans le monde, et de corriger son horloge dans un repère référentiel. Compare aux autres systèmes de navigation, il fait appel à des traitements du signal plus sophistiques, et qui font des récepteurs GPS plus complexes que d'autres. Notre objectif est de rendre ces récepteurs compétitifs en termes de cout et d'utilisation sans compromettre leurs hautes performances. Dans notre travail sur une unité de traitement GPS, prototype réalisé dans notre laboratoire, de très bonnes performances étaient obtenues sur un signal GPS simule. Des signaux fortement noyés dans le bruit (avec un rapport signal a bruit inferieur a 23 dB) et affectes par le doppler, étaient traites avec succès et la reconnaissance des codes correspondants était établie. Parmi les aspects les plus importants du système réalisé, la haute immunité au bruit des signaux d'asservissement, permettait une opération stable en présence d'un bruit intense, permettant l'acquisition des données de navigation dans de bonnes conditions
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HE, Ran. "Carry-over and interaction effects of different hand-milking techniques and milkers on milk." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 1986. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-154641.

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The main idea of this thesis is studying the importance of the carry-over effects and interaction effects in statistical models. To investigate it, a hand-milking experiment in Burkina Faso was studied. In many no electricity access countries, such as Burkina Faso, the amount of milk and milk compositions are still highly  relying on hand-milking techniques and milkers. Moreover, the time effects also plays a important role in stockbreeding system. Therefore, falling all effects, carry-over effects and interaction effects into a linear mixed effects model, it is concluded that the carry-over effects of milker and hand-milking techniques cannot be neglected, and the interaction effects among hand-milking techniques, different milkers, days and periods can be substantial.
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Ferry, Barbara. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation des effets de taille associés à un gradient de contrainte en fatigue de contact." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN041/document.

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La fatigue de contact fait référence au processus d’endommagement situé à l’extrémité du contact entre deux corps soumis à des chargements de fatigue. La prédiction de ce phénomène est d’une importance majeure dans la détermination de la durée de vie de certains systèmes tels que les disques de turbines. Au voisinage du front de contact, le champ de contraintes est maximal en surface et présente un fort gradient sous le contact. De plus, la différence d’échelle entre les essais effectués en laboratoire et les systèmes industriels a motivé l’étude de l’effet de taille sur les modèles de fatigue des systèmes soumis à des chargements de fatigue du contact.Afin de quantifier l’effet de gradient de contraintes et l’effet de taille, des essais ont été effectués sur une machine de fatigue munis de deux vérins verticaux à l’université de Brasilia. Les essais ont été menés de sorte que les gradients de contraintes, puis les volumes contraints, soient différents. Une étude post-mortem des surfaces de rupture a été effectuée à l’aide d’un microscope confocal. Durant cette thèse, il a été montré que, pour un alliage de Ti-6Al-4v, une approche non locale basée sur un champ de vitesse équivalent extrait à l’intérieur d’une zone prédéterminée autour de l’extrémité du contact amène des résultats encourageants pour la détermination de la durée de vie. L’influence de la force de fatigue sur la description des mécanismes d’initiation de fissures et leur propagation a également été déterminée et il est apparu que cette dernière ne pouvait pas être négligée lors de la définition de la frontière d’initiation des fissures. En effet, si, en fatigue du contact, environ 75% du mécanisme d’initiation des fissures est contrôlé par les contraintes de contact, i.e. les contraintes de cisaillement et de pression, la prise en compte de la contrainte normale permet d’obtenir des prédictions plus précises.L’étude de l’effet de taille a été divisée en deux phases. Premièrement, l’influence de la taille du volume sous contrainte a été analysée. Pour cela, l’épaisseur des éprouvettes a été réduite tandis que le gradient de contraintes sous le contact ainsi que l’aire de la surface endommagée étaient maintenus constants. Dans un second temps, l’impact de la zone endommagée sur la résistance à la fatigue a été isolé en maintenant les paramètres expérimentaux, i.e. σB,max/p0 et Q/fP, constants tandis que l’aire endommagée par le frottements était réduite. Les résultats expérimentaux ont été analysés à l’aide d’un critère de fatigue multiaxial, le Courbe de Wöhler Modifiée, conjointement avec l’application de la théorie de la distance critique. Il a été montré qu’aucun de ces deux paramètres n’influence significativement la durée de vie en fatigue, et ainsi le terme « effet de taille » généralement référencé dans la littérature comme un effet d’endommagement devrait seulement être adressé comme un effet de gradient
Fretting fatigue refers to the damage process localized at the frontier of the contact between two contacting bodies subjected to fatigue loadings. The prediction of this phenomenon is of major importance in determining, for instance, the lifetime of fan’s disk. In the vicinity of the contact front, the stress field inherited from the contact loads is maximal at the surface and displays a strong gradient under the contact. The difference of scale between the laboratory’s experiments and the industrials’ system motivated the study of the impact of the size effect for the determination of the lifetimes.To quantify the effect of the stress gradient and of the size effect, tests were carried out on a two vertical-actuators fretting-fatigue rig at the University of Brasilia, with experimental conditions ensuring different stress gradient and later different volume solicited under the contact. Damage mechanisms were studied using post-mortem analysis with a confocal microscope on some contact elements tested.It was shown on this thesis, for a Ti-6Al-4V alloy, that a nonlocal approach, based on equivalent velocity field on a determined area around the contact, leads to good expectation for the determination of fretting fatigue lives. The influence of the bulk stress for the description of the fretting fatigue crack initiation and propagation was also determined and it appears that it could not be neglected for the determination of the crack initiation boundary. As a matter of fact, if around 75% of the crack initiation mechanism in fretting fatigue is controlled by the contact stresses, i.e. shear and contact stresses, the consideration of the normal stress allows to obtain more realistic prediction. The study of the size effect was divided into two phases. First the influence of the volume stressed was investigated by reducing the width of the contact but maintaining the stress gradient under the contact and the damaged area within the slip zone constant. Then, the influence of the damaged area within the slip zone was isolated by maintaining the experimental parameters, i.e. σB,max/p0 and Q/fP, constant while the damaged area under the slip zone was reduced. The experimental results were analysed by applying a fatigue criterion, the Modified Wöhler Curve Method, in conjunction with the Theory of the Critical Distance. It was found that none of these two parameters influences significantly the fretting fatigue lifetimes, and so the term ‘size effect’ usually referenced in the literature as a damaging effect should refer only to the gradient effect
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Delagrange, Raphaëlle. "Josephson effect and high frequency emission in a carbon nanotube in the Kondo regime." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS319/document.

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Cette thèse est consacrée au transport quantique à travers une impureté Kondo, formée dans une boîte quantique réalisée dans un nanotube de carbone. L’effet Kondo est ainsi sondé à travers deux situations : en compétition avec l’effet Josephson induit dans le nanotube par des contacts supraconducteurs et à travers son émission haute fréquence. Dans une première série d’expériences, nous avons introduit un nanotube dans un SQUID, afin de mesurer la relation entre son supercourant et la différence de phase supraconductrice à ses bornes. Nous avons mesuré cette relation lorsque les corrélations Kondo et supraconductrices sont du même ordre de grandeur et montré que l’état du système, singulet ou doublet (correspondant respectivement à une jonction 0 ou π) peut alors être contrôlé par la phase supraconductrice. Nous avons également montré que, si un deuxième niveau d’énergie participe au transport des paires de Cooper, la transition 0-π n’est plus une transition du premier ordre comme c’est le cas quand un seul niveau est impliqué. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, le nanotube de carbone est couplé, aux fréquences déterminées par un résonateur, à une jonction tunnel supraconductrice servant de détecteur on-chip de bruit haute fréquence. Ceci nous a permis de mesurer le bruit en émission de la boîte quantique dans le régime Kondo avec des couplages aux réservoirs plus ou moins symétriques. Nos mesures posent le problème de l’asymétrie spatiale du bruit mesuré et semblent montrer que, plus le couplage aux réservoirs est symétrique, plus la résonance Kondo est affaiblie dans une situation hors équilibre. Enfin, ce dispositif a été utilisé afin de mesurer l’émission Josephson AC d’un nanotube avec des électrodes supraconductrices, afin de voir ce que devient la compétition entre l’effet Kondo et la supraconductivité à haute fréquence. Ces mesures révèlent une diminution de l’émission Josephson alors que l’on a un maximum de supercourant
This thesis is dedicated to quantum transport through a Kondo impurity, formed in a carbon nanotube quantum dot. We probe the Kondo effect in two situations: in competition with the Josephson effect induced in the nanotube by superconducting contacts and through its high frequency emission. In a first experiment, we have introduced a nanotube in a SQUID in order to measure its supercurrent as a function of the superconducting phase across it. We have measured this quantity in the regime where the Kondo and superconducting correlations are of the same order of magnitude and shown that the ground state of the system, singlet or doublet (corresponding respectively to 0 and π junctions), is then controlled by the superconducting phase. We have also demonstrated that, if a second energy level participates in the transport of Cooper pairs, the 0-π transition is not anymore a first order one as it is the case when only one level is involved. In the second part of the thesis, the carbon nanotube is coupled, at some frequencies determined by a resonator, to a tunnel superconducting junction which is used as an on-chip high-frequency noise detector. This enables the measurement of the emission noise of the quantum dot in the Kondo regime, with reservoirs coupled either symmetrically or not to the dot. Our measurements raise the problem of the spatial asymmetry of the measured noise and seem to show that, the more symmetric is the coupling of the reservoirs to the dot, the more the Kondo resonance is weaken in an out-of-equilibrium situation. Finally, this setup has been used in order to measure the AC Josephson emission of a nanotube contacted with superconducting electrodes, in order to extend our investigation of the competition between the Kondo effect and superconductivity at high frequency. These measurements reveal a decrease of the Josephson emission observed together with a maximum of supercurrent
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Books on the topic "Effect"

1

Thatcher, Gregory R. J., ed. The Anomeric Effect and Associated Stereoelectronic Effects. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1993-0539.

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Thatcher, Gregory Robert James, 1959-, American Chemical Society. Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry., and American Chemical Society Meeting, eds. The Anomeric effect and associated stereoelectronic effects. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1993.

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Heffetz, Ori. Is the endowment effect a reference effect? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011.

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Oetting, Martin. Ripple Effect. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8372-5.

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Korostelina, Karina V. Trump Effect. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY :: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315271170.

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Peter, Lorenz. Side effect. Toronto, ON: Pedlar Press, 2007.

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Prebble, Lucy, and Miriam Gillinson. Effect. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2016.

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Azar, Robert S. Effect. Black Rose Writing, 2018.

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Huntington-Klein, Nick. Effect. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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Prebble, Lucy, and Miriam Gillinson. Effect. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Effect"

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Busch, Paul. "Effect." In Compendium of Quantum Physics, 179–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70626-7_57.

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Nahler, Gerhard. "effect." In Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 62. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_460.

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Weik, Martin H. "effect." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 481. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_5822.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "effect." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 177. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_3485.

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Oetting, Martin. "Introduction." In Ripple Effect, 1–33. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8372-5_1.

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Oetting, Martin. "Word of Mouth Research Traditions." In Ripple Effect, 35–41. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8372-5_2.

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Oetting, Martin. "Drivers for Word of Mouth." In Ripple Effect, 43–56. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8372-5_3.

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Oetting, Martin. "Involvement." In Ripple Effect, 57–71. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8372-5_4.

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Oetting, Martin. "Empowered Involvement." In Ripple Effect, 73–81. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8372-5_5.

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Oetting, Martin. "Testing Empowered Involvement." In Ripple Effect, 83–122. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8372-5_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Effect"

1

Stanaland, Walter D. "Electrode effects from Kerr effect measurements." In Conference on Electrical Insulation & Dielectric Phenomena - Annual Report 1986. IEEE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceidp.1986.7726453.

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Patel, J. S. "Spatial Light Modulators Using Flexoelectric Effect." In Spatial Light Modulators and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/slma.1990.mc2.

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Flexoelectric effect1 in liquid crystal is important for spatial light modulators because it allows for polar effect in liquid crystals. The commonly used electro-optic effect for nematic liquid crystal is the dielectric effect whose magnitude is proportional to the square of the applied electric field. For this process the "switch on" process can be accelerated by applying larger values of the electric field, but there is no electrical control over the "switch off process. The "switch off process depends on the sample thickness and elastic properties of the system. In contrast to these processes the polar effects such as the flexoelectric effect1 and the more popular ferroelectric effect2 allows for electrical control over both the "switch on" and the "switch off" times.
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Natelson, D., B. H. Hamadani, J. W. Ciszek, D. A. Corley, and J. M. Tour. "Contact effects in polymer field-effect transistors." In SPIE Optics + Photonics, edited by Zhenan Bao and David J. Gundlach. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.682454.

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Rolin, Cedric, Robby Janneck, Khalid Muhieddine, Thomas Nowack, Hany Ali, Jan Genoe, and Paul Heremans. "Contact resistance characterization in organic thin film transistors (Conference Presentation)." In Organic Field-Effect Transistors XVII, edited by Oana D. Jurchescu and Iain McCulloch. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2320949.

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Höppner, Marco, David Kneppe, Hans Kleemann, and Karl Leo. "Vapor-deposited vertical organic field-effect transistors with optimized geometry for unrivaled transition frequencies (Conference Presentation)." In Organic Field-Effect Transistors XVII, edited by Oana D. Jurchescu and Iain McCulloch. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2320990.

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Kneppe, David, Marco Höppner, Hans Kleemann, and Karl Leo. "Investigations on electrical performance and contact resistance in solution-processed vertical organic field-effect transistors (Conference Presentation)." In Organic Field-Effect Transistors XVII, edited by Oana D. Jurchescu and Iain McCulloch. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2321012.

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Li, Shuo, David Guérin, and Kamal Lmimouni. "Flexible organic nano-floating memory with multilevel charge storage by combing charge store in nanoparticles and electrets (Conference Presentation)." In Organic Field-Effect Transistors XVII, edited by Oana D. Jurchescu and Iain McCulloch. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2321087.

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Sawatzki, Franz Michael, Hans Kleemann, and Karl Leo. "Rubrene-based diodes for rectification applications (Conference Presentation)." In Organic Field-Effect Transistors XVII, edited by Oana D. Jurchescu and Iain McCulloch. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2321134.

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Sun, Tianlei, Runqiao Song, Nrup Balar, and Brendan T. O'Connor. "Viscoelastic polymer semiconductors for stretchable electronics: the importance of interfaces on mechanical behavior (Conference Presentation)." In Organic Field-Effect Transistors XVII, edited by Oana D. Jurchescu and Iain McCulloch. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2322023.

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Dodabalapur, Ananth, Kelly Liang, and Oleksiy Kratko. "New designs for high-performance polymer thin-film transistors (Conference Presentation)." In Organic Field-Effect Transistors XVII, edited by Oana D. Jurchescu and Iain McCulloch. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2322180.

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Reports on the topic "Effect"

1

Heffetz, Ori, and John List. Is the Endowment Effect a Reference Effect? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16715.

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Dorsey, Andrew M., and Matthew H. Ervin. Effects of Differing Carbon Nanotube Field-effect Transistor Architectures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada502660.

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Li, Xiao, GX Xu, FY Ling, ZH Yin, Y. Wei,, Y. Zhao, Xn Li, WC Qi, L. Zhao, and FR Liang. The dose-effect association between electroacupuncture sessions and its effect on chronic migraine: a protocol of a meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0085.

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Review question / Objective: We will use a meta-regression approach to verify the dose-effect relationship between the number of electroacupuncture sessions and its effects on migraine. Condition being studied: Migraine is recurrent and chronic, requiring long-term control, but the side effects caused by long-term use limit the use of pharmacotherapy, like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), ergoamines and opioids. With fewer side effects and lower cost, acupuncture is becoming a more attractive option for migraine. Relevant studies have confirmed the clinical effects of electroacupuncture on migraine and its effects on intracranial blood flow velocity, functional brain imaging and neuroinflammation. However, uncertainty exists regarding the dose-effect between electroacupuncture and migraine. In recent years, inspired by the dose-effect researches in pharmacology and epidemiology, researches focusing on the dose-effect association between acupuncture and diseases has also begun to emerge. So in this protocol, we designed to use a meta-regression approach to explore the optimal electroacupuncture dose for migraine.
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Martindale, Addie K. Achromatizing Effect. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-227.

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Tambe, Milind, and Paul S. Rosenbloom. On Masking Effect. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada269593.

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Glaeser, Edward, and Andrei Shleifer. The Curley Effect. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8942.

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Seybold, Patricia. The Network Effect. Boston, MA: Patricia Seybold Group, February 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1571/bp2-27-03cc.

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Inman, Robert. The Flypaper Effect. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14579.

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Rose, Andrew, and Mark Spiegel. The Olympic Effect. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14854.

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Ericson, Keith M. Marzilli, and Andreas Fuster. The Endowment Effect. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19384.

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