Journal articles on the topic 'Educational equalization'
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김미숙. "Equalization policy and educational quality." Korean journal of sociology of education 18, no. 2 (June 2008): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32465/ksocio.2008.18.2.001.
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Svensson, Lars. "Explaining Equalization." Social Science History 27, no. 3 (2003): 371–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012578.
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This article describes and explains the movement of female relative wages in Sweden from 1920 to 1995. During this period the aggregate gender wage gap shrunk from 41 to 15%. The bulk of the change took place in two periods: 1920 to 1940 and 1960 to 1980. With regard to determining factors, the analysis distinguishes between the period before 1960, when the rise in the female relative wage was the result of employment shifts, and after 1960, when wage structure change was the prime determinant. In the interwar period, women moved from low-paid to better-paid jobs, notably in trade and commerce and public services, as legal and administrative reforms opened up the public sector to women and educational reforms raised the educational level of the female labor force. The most rapid change in the gender wage gap occurred at a time when the solidaristic wage policy doctrine was embraced by the blue-collar trade unions and formed the basis of claims in wage negotiations. This study suggests, however, that excess demand for female labor rather than egalitarian ambitions of strong trade unions was the decisive factor behind the rapid reduction of the gender gap. Likewise, supply and demand shifts may well explain why the female relative wage stagnated from the late 1970s. These observations add up to the somewhat unorthodox conclusion that institutions were of primary importance for female relative wage development in the interwar period, while market forces played the leading role after 1960.
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Xie, Shang, and Muhammad Ateeq ur Reman. "Effects of Education Equalization Measures on Housing Prices: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Suzhou, China." Review of Economic Assessment 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.58567/rea01010002.
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Educational equity is the foundation of social equity, and education equalization is one of the serious issues to be solved by the government. This work considers one education equalization reform conducted by Suzhou Industrial Park of China, namely, the comprehensive "five to nine" (CFTN) housing purchase admission qualification adjustment policy, as an example and uses the resold housing transaction data to identify the effect of the equalization policy by the difference-in-differences (DID) method. Based on this natural experiment, the quantitative assessment results show that (1) the CFTN policy has a significantly positive effect on housing prices in nine-year consistent (NYC) school districts that belong to high-quality school districts; (2) the CFTN policy has no significant effect on housing prices in non-NYC consistent school districts that belong to ordinary school districts. These results uncover that the one-size-fits-all CFTN policy can only obtain significant housing price equilibrium effects in school districts above a certain level of education quality. For regions with backward education levels, the policy is ineffective. For these regions, continuously increasing high-quality educational resources and increasing educational service levels are essential solutions to reduce educational inequality.
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Breen, Richard, and Jan O. Jonsson. "Explaining Change in Social Fluidity: Educational Equalization and Educational Expansion in Twentieth‐Century Sweden." American Journal of Sociology 112, no. 6 (May 2007): 1775–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/508790.
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Tuasamu, Hadi, Hartaty Hadady, and Johan Fahri. "Intervensi Penyetaraan Jabatan: Analisis Efektivitas Penyetaraan Jabatan Administrasi Ke Jabatan Fungsional Pada Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Maluku Utara." Jurnal Ekonomi & Manajemen Indonesia 22, no. 2 (February 17, 2023): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.53640/jemi.v22i2.1131.
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Simplification of the structure and equalization of administrative positions is a bureaucratic streamlining program to realize fast, effective, and efficient public services, As is the priority program of the leadership of the president and vice president. The purpose of this study analysis is to analyze the effectiveness of the policy of equalizing administrative positions to functional positions in the Regional Secretariat of North Maluku Province. This study uses a descriptive analysis approach to explain and analyze the effectiveness of equalization of positions. The study data used is in the form of literature studies. The results of the study analysis show that the policy of equalizing administrative positions to functional positions has not been implemented effectively. The impact on the equalization of administrative positions into functional positions is still in accordance with the indicators of organizational efficiency. Administrative officers who are transferred to majority functional positions do not meet the educational and competency requirements required in the functional positions they will occupy, because the equalization of positions provides a lot of tolerance for the requirements of functional positions.
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Widyana, Aminnatul, Erfina Puspitasari, Nine Indah Kusumawati, and Zeni Sutrisno. "THE EFFECT OF EQUALIZING EDUCATION QUALITY ON STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES IN FRONTIER, OUTERMOST, AND LEAST DEVELOPED AREAS (3T)." ISLLAC : Journal of Intensive Studies on Language, Literature, Art, and Culture 7, no. 1 (June 29, 2023): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um006v7i12023p65-72.
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The implementation of education in facing various issues or new challenges requires the latest efforts and innovations in handling them. The equalization of educational quality, particularly in frontier, outermost and least developed areas (known as the "3T" areas), the lack of qualified educators, uneven distribution of school equipment, low incentive funds, inadequate qualifications, and differences in educational institutions, lack of government support, poor access roads, and high education costs for residents in rural 3T communities are barriers to obtaining education in remote areas. The desire to attend school also remains a significant issue, indicating that communities in remote areas still do not consider education to be important. The method used in this article is analytical descriptive. The results obtained include: (1) the implementation and approach of learning aspects; (2) an ever-changing curriculum; (3) the need for experienced infrastructure; (4) improvement of educational programs, and; (5) improvement of learning motivation. The hope for addressing various educational challenges in remote areas is that all aspects of the community should be considered. However, there is a need for government and community involvement in overcoming all existing issues. All of these efforts are aimed at improving the equalization of educational quality in remote rural areas.
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Breen, Richard. "Education and intergenerational social mobility in the US and four European countries." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 35, no. 3 (2019): 445–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grz013.
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Abstract I draw on the findings of a recently completed comparative research project to address the question: how did intergenerational social mobility change over cohorts of men and women born in the first two-thirds of the twentieth century, and what role, if any, did education play in this? The countries studied are the US, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden. Notwithstanding the differences between them, by and large they present the same picture. Rates of upward mobility increased among cohorts born in the second quarter of the century and then declined among those born later. Among earlier born cohorts, social fluidity increased (that is, the association between the class a person was born into and the class he or she came to occupy as an adult declined) and then remained unchanged for those born after mid-century. The association between class origins and educational attainment followed much the same trend as social fluidity. This suggests that growing equalization in education may have contributed to the increase in social fluidity. In our analyses we find that this is so, but educational expansion also led to greater fluidity in some countries. There is also a strong link between upward mobility and social fluidity. Upward mobility was mostly driven by the expansion of higher-level white-collar jobs, especially in the 30 years after the end of the Second World War. This facilitated social fluidity because people from working class and farming origins could move into the service or salariat classes without reducing the rate at which children born into those classes could remain there. Educational expansion, educational equalization, and rapid structural change in the economies of the US and Europe all contributed to greater social fluidity among people born in the second quarter of the twentieth century. For people born after mid-century, rates of downward mobility have increased: however, despite the lack of further educational equalization and less pronounced structural change, social fluidity has remained unchanged.
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Heim, Greta, Ruth Olaug Thuestad, Marianne Molin, and Asgeir Brevik. "Free School Meal Improves Educational Health and the Learning Environment in a Small Municipality in Norway." Nutrients 14, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 2989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14142989.
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It has been suggested that school meals could have an impact on students’ learning environments; however, existing research in this field is scarce and inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to explore teachers’ and school administrators’ experiences with the introduction of a free school meal and whether this influenced the learning environment. The study was conducted in upper primary and lower secondary schools in a small municipality in Norway. In this qualitative study, 17 informants participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded using NVivo. Thematic analysis was conducted using systematic text condensation (STC). The main findings are that in the informants’ experience, a free school meal led to reduced absenteeism during lunchtime and positive social interactions among students, social equalization, and a more peaceful atmosphere during lunchtime. In conclusion, the introduction of a free school meal had a positive impact on the students’ educational health and the learning environment, and contributed to social equalization as all the students shared the same healthy school meal.
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Holm, Anders, Mads Meier Jæger, Kristian Bernt Karlson, and David Reimer. "Incomplete equalization: The effect of tracking in secondary education on educational inequality." Social Science Research 42, no. 6 (November 2013): 1431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.06.001.
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Barone, Carlo, and Lucia Ruggera. "Educational equalization stalled? Trends in inequality of educational opportunity between 1930 and 1980 across 26 European nations." European Societies 20, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2017.1290265.
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Firdaus, Wildani, and Dina Mardiana. "Development of Islamic boarding school curriculum through equalization policies." ATTARBIYAH: Journal of Islamic Culture and Education 9, no. 1 (June 26, 2024): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/attarbiyah.v9i1.59-73.
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This study aims to find out the existence of the mu'adalah curriculum in the global era as well as to know the challenges of implementing the mu'adalah curriculum after the issuance of the Minister of Religious Affairs Regulation (PMA) number 18 of 2014. Global changes, technological and scientific developments, and the development of art and culture are the basis for changes in the education system, namely the curriculum. This is done so that educational institutions, especially Islamic boarding schools, can adapt and be able to compete with existing developments. This research method uses a qualitative approach with the type of library research. The results of this study state that the existence of Islamic boarding schools has not regressed at all to date. This is because Islamic boarding schools received recognition from the government with the mu'adalah policy which was strengthened by the birth of the Minister of Religious Affairs Regulation (PMA) Number 18 of 2014 which was able to make Islamic boarding schools able to compete with any educational institution. But of course, challenges related to it cannot be avoided. One of them, some people question the quality of mu'adalah Islamic boarding school graduates who do not take the national exam.
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Hendriani, Ani, Ruswandi Hermawan, and Sofiani Kusniasari. "The Issues of Educational Equality in Indonesia." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation XI, no. II (2024): 352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2024.1102027.
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Education as a pillar of nation-building is indisputable. Therefore, the realm of education holds a crucial position in the country’s development plan. The importance of providing equal access to all citizens becomes the government’s task in improving the education sector. This article aims to address the issue of educational equalization in Indonesia. Referring to educational equality, inclusive learning, and empowerment through education, the article explores concrete steps that can be taken to enhance access and quality of education nationwide, particularly in regions that may face disparities. The reference sources examined and analyzed by the author are obtained from various sources, including reference books and other studies published in both national and international journals. The study is limited to the importance of equality, what factors cause educational equality to still encounter obstacles, and what solutions can overcome these problems.
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Jordan, Meagan M., David Chapman, and Sharon L. Wrobel. "Rich Districts, Poor Districts: The Property Tax Equity Impact of Arkansas School Finance Equalization." Public Finance and Management 14, no. 4 (December 2014): 399–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152397211401400403.
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From 1992 to 2003, the State of Arkansas was immersed in the Lake View case, which led to a ruling that the state funding of schools was unconstitutional. The Lake View School District argued that the state's funding was inequitable and harmed students and taxpayers of poor districts. The ruling was as much about correcting fiscal disparities across districts as it was about correcting disparities in educational outcomes. Subsequently, state education school finance reform required the State to provide districts with equalization funding. This study examines the impact of equalization on inter-district property tax disparity. Specifically, this study seeks to determine if the lower wealth and less advantaged school districts are better off, as measured by their property tax burden and tax effort. We analyze four measures of district level wealth and advantage: assessed value of property, percentage of students enrolled in the federal school lunch program, percentage of African-American students, and the NCES locale codes for rural or non-rural. Our results indicate that state equalization did have an impact on inter-district property tax disparity. The poorest and least advantaged school districts do benefit from state equalization, meaning that the tax burden and tax effort of those districts are reduced. Furthermore, our findings indicate that there is less disparity between the wealthiest districts and the poorest districts.
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Lamont, Michèle, and Crystal Marie Fleming. "EVERYDAY ANTIRACISM: Competence and Religion in the Cultural Repertoire of the African American Elite." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 2, no. 1 (March 2005): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x05050046.
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This exploratory study makes a contribution to the literature on antiracism by unpacking the cultural categories through which everyday antiracism is experienced and practiced by extraordinarily successful African Americans. Using a phenomenological approach, we focus on processes of classification to analyze the criteria that members of the African American elite mobilize to compare racial groups and establish their equality. We first summarize results from earlier work on the antiracist strategies of White and African American workers. Second, drawing upon in-depth interviews with members of the Black elite, we show that demonstrating intelligence and competence, and gaining knowledge, are particularly valued strategies of equalization, while religion has a subordinate role within their antiracist repertoire. Thus, gaining cultural membership is often equated with educational and occupational attainment. Antiracist strategies that value college education and achievement by the standards of American individualism may exclude many poor and working-class African Americans from cultural membership. In this way, strategies of equalization based on educational and professional competence may prove dysfunctional for racial solidarity.
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Juliasandi, Mousafi. "A study of the professional community of teachers in equity of teaching quality." Jurnal Pembangunan Pendidikan: Fondasi dan Aplikasi 6, no. 1 (February 9, 2019): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jppfa.v6i1.23498.
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The high level of educational participation has not guaranteed the quality of education in a country. Especially developing countries, the issue of educational participation can be overcome with the maximum, but the problem that is still the agenda in various countries is about the equalization of the quality of education. This article is an article compiled based on literature review of the issues. One of the key factors causing inequality in the quality of education is the irregularity of the quality of educators which ultimately affects the inequality of teaching quality. The literature study conducted finding the teacher community is an effective solution to solve the problem. The professional community is an association of teachers to interact with each other and communicate in an integrated learning and teaching improvement. The professional community of teachers is considered to be able to overcome the quality of educators who are located in remote areas. The activities of this professional community of teachers can also be maximized by the use of various media such as internet network. Addressing the gap in teaching quality between remote and airspace will ultimately be able to address the inequalities of appropriate educational quality.Keyword: equalization of teaching quality; professional community of teachers
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., Ameh Eyiene, and Ekaette Samuel Okpon . "CHALLENGES OF EQUALIZATION OF EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES IN FEDERAL UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTH, SOUTH NIGERIA." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 4, no. 3 (July 31, 2019): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2019.v04i03.009.
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Iriyadi, Deni, Dali Santun Naga, and Wardani Rahayu. "Equating Method for Prevent Discrimination in Classroom." Journal of Educational Science and Technology (EST) 5, no. 2 (August 27, 2019): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/est.v5i2.9258.
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This study aims to determine effectivenes Simplified Cirlce Arc method used at the school level to prevent discrimination against student grades. This study National Examination data on mathematics subjects from of the Center for Educational Assessment in DKI Jakarta and Tangerang regions. Using the Rasch Model analysis, data obtained for 2135 in the DKI Jakarta (X) and 2271 in the Tangerang area (Y). The data was obtained after conducting Rasch analysis with Mean Square Outfit (MNSQ) of 0.5 <MNSQ <1.5. Replication is done 50 times for each form data distribution from each region. Results of replication then RMSE value is calculated. The results showed that equal form with normal data distribution, statistically the average RMSE with the Simplified Circle Arc method smaller than the average RMSE result of equalization with the Nominal Weight Mean method which indicates that the Simplified Circle Arc method more accurate than Nominal Weight Mean method. Likewise, with equal equations with positive skeweness and negative skewness data distribution, the average RMSE with the Simplified Circle Arc Method is smaller than average RMSE resulting in equalization of the score with Nominal Weight Mean method. A small RMSE value indicates a fairly accurate result of equalization.
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MacDonald, Justin A., and Phuong K. Tran. "Loudspeaker equalization for auditory research." Behavior Research Methods 39, no. 1 (February 2007): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03192851.
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Suhendra, Adi, Rosidah, and Herman Yaarozatulo Harefa. "Innovative Government Transformation in The Equalization of Teachers and Education Personnel." Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education 5, no. 2 (March 29, 2024): 217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v5i2.513.
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This article aims to develop video learning media specifically crafted to assist educators in presenting learning materials more tangibly and understandably, particularly within early childhood education. Guided by the Research and Development (R&D) process, the study focuses on two primary objectives: (1) elucidating the intricacies of developing STEAM-based video learning media for Early Childhood Education, incorporating Religious and Moral Values, and (2) evaluating the appropriateness and effectiveness of such media in the educational context. Adopting the ADDIE development model, the research encompasses five pivotal stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The validation process for the developed product entails collaboration with media, material, and design experts, complemented by feedback from colleagues. One-to-one tests, Small Group Tests, and Field Test methods are employed to assess the effectiveness of the media. Validation results from these experts affirm that the developed media aligns seamlessly with the criteria for successful application in educational settings. During the product implementation phase involving 15 students, it became evident that this development was an effective learning tool. The post-test scores surpassing the pre-test scores indicate the product's efficacy in enhancing the understanding of morning phenomena, instilling religious and moral values, and fostering STEAM creativity in early childhood education.
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Sudakova, Anastasia E., and Dahel Mustafa Saleh Dahel. "Funding the Higher Education System: International Experience and Russian Practice." R-Economy 9, no. 2 (2023): 207–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/recon.2023.9.2.013.
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Relevance. Education is a significant factor in economic growth. However, the discussion about the principles for distributing higher education funding is still open, and the cases of individual countries are not sufficiently covered in research literature. Research objective. The study aims to determine the principles of financing based on the case studies of Russian universities. Foreign financing mechanisms are analyzed and compared with Russian practice that has similar foundations. Financing mechanisms are classified according to their distribution principle. Data and methods. The statistical base for the study is the data of a large-scale higher education monitoring project of 2019-2021. The study was conducted in more than 650 Russian universities. In order to determine the principles of financing, a correlation analysis is carried out to identify the correlation between the indicators. Universities are grouped by regions with different socio-economic characteristics, subgroups of universities within the regional division were identified. Results. The distribution of funding among Russian universities is based on the principles of quasi-competition and equalization. Universities located in regions with low indicators of socio-economic development are mainly financed to achieve equalization of educational activities, and, as the socio-economic situation in the region improves, funding is channeled into equalization of research activities. Another more obvious conclusion is that research activities of universities that participate in state programs are funded based on competition, while other universities have lower correlation between indicators, which leads us to the assumption that other universities’ research activities are funded based on the principles of equalization. Conclusions. The novelty of the study is the results that enrich the understanding of the principles for funding distribution in the Russian higher education system. Contrary to most studies of the concentration of resources around a limited number of institutions, the study concludes that resources and funding are distributed based on equalization, supporting the less competitive units of the system, and directing funding to regions with less stable socio-economic characteristics.
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Palka, Katarzyna. "The activities of non-governmental organizations for equal educational opportunities for children from the rural environment." Family Upbringing 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 223–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.61905/wwr/171172.
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We live in a world where the access to knowledge has a decisive influence on our future. A large number of children in Poland have difficulties with this access, because they are raised in impoverished, excluded, poorly educated families of low social status. This phenomenon is mainly related to rural areas. Nonformal education should provide important support for formal education. Nonformal education should be organized with the cooperation of schools, kindergartens, and non-governmental organizations. The educational activities proposed for children and their parents by non-governmental organizations complement formal education. These activities are of crucial importance in the equalization of educational opportunities for children from rural areas. It is essential that these activities be planned, long-term, and a part of the entire educational program.
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Pawlak, Robert. "School Reforms and Educational Inequalities in Post-Communist Poland." Filosofiya osvity. Philosophy of Education 19, no. 2 (December 23, 2016): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.31874/2309-1606-2016-19-2-189-205.
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The paper is devoted to the presentation of the results of a study about stratification in the school system in Poland. The research was conducted in Krakow, the former capital of Poland, in 2011-2012. The data come from statistics on local education system, individual in-depth interviews with school masters and teachers from lower secondary schools as well as politicians representing the local government. Special attention was paid to school recruitment policies, unequal access to education for students from different backgrounds, and the local government strategy for education. As a result, three types of lower secondary schools were identified: 1) elite non-public schools; 2) the best public lower secondary schools and 3) schools for students from poor families, facing enormous problems and substantial educational needs. We concluded that the education policy of the local authorities of Krakow is not effective in terms of equalization of opportunities of the children and youth from socially neglected and marginalized communities.
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Dermawan, Oki. "STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN BAGI ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS DI SLB." Psympathic : Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi 6, no. 2 (February 28, 2018): 886–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/psy.v6i2.2206.
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Special need children is used to replace extraordinary children indicating specific abnormalities had. Special need children have different characteristics from one another. The characteristics and constraints had make them require special education services adapted with their abilities and potential. Special need children have physical, emotional, mental, intellectual, or or social weakness and strength. Proposing expansion and equalization of educational services for special need children in SLB PKK Bandar Lampung, school should be pro-active in socializing the existence of special education.
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Gjurchinovski, Vasilka. "CONCEPT OF EVALUATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL WORK IN STUDENT DORMITORIES." Knowledge International Journal 26, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 1875–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij26061875g.
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One of the key features of education today are clear and high standards, which help assess and evaluate the performance of educational institutions, as well as schools, student dormitories, teachers and students, to insure quality and equalization of educational outcomes. Evaluation, as an integral element in process of curriculum, takes an important place as a finishing and starting point in educational process. Concept of evaluation in educational process can be used to assess educational programmеs and their quality. Student dormitories, as an integral part of the educational system in the Republic of Macedonia, work to evaluate the educational process, to build their own tracking system, collect data, analyze and evaluate the results that they achieve. Evaluation of the educational process is a process that exists since when exist dormitories. Evaluation of the educational work also stems from the fact that the student dormitory, as an institution, plays an important role in the upbringing and education of new generations that are the driving force of the entire social human life, and who are educated outside of their place of living. In the evaluation process, the basic areas of the entire educational process are always taken into consideration. According to this, it can be argued with certainty that evaluation is immanent to the educational work as such.
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Ko, Mi-Suk. "Critical Ethics of Care and Moral Education." Korean Society for the Study of Moral Education 35, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 65–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17715/jme.2023.12.35.4.65.
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In this article, I examined what is the critical ethics of care and what is the necessity of it, and how we can do the education of critical ethics of care to solve the problems of existing ethics of caring and education of caring. Early care ethics mainly have been emphasized the care relation of private, intimate domain like the care relation of mother-child in home as ideal relation and caring of others. But we have been experienced the equalization and globalization of care in the contemporary period, therefore, we need beyond the existing ethics of caring and education of caring instead of the role assignment of care for women. Critical ethics of care understands care in the political, social, public, collective and global dimension as well as moral dimension. Critical ethics of care analyzes the care relation of oppression and exploitation through critical reflection and pursues the combination of care and justice, just caring, equalization and democratization of care. I dealt with key characteristics of critical ethics of care and the moral educational direction of critical ethics of care.
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Du, Xingyan, and Suping Chen. "Use of Big Data to Determine the Effect of Parental Educational Level on the Quality of College Students’ Employment." E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 01042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125101042.
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the quality of College Students’ employment is important because it involves human capital and social capital. The human capital and social capital of college students directly affects their quality of employment but the root is the parents’ human capital. Empirical analysis shows that the effect of the father’s educational level on the monthly wage of College Students’ children is significant at a level of 5% and the direction is positive. The effect of the mother’s educational level on the monthly wage of College Students’ is also significant at a level of 5%, with a positive direction and the effect coefficient is greater than that for the father. Therefore, the equalization of educational opportunities is related to the life of one generation and to the growth of several generations. On-the-job education and lifelong education also play an important role in improving the quality of life for the offspring.
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Konstantinovskiy, David. "Searching of the Source of Educational Inequality." Sociologicheskaja nauka i social'naja praktika 9, no. 4 (December 27, 2021): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2021.9.4.8609.
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Various approaches to investigating the sources of inequality in education are discussed in the paper. It is noted that data on the representation of students from families with various parental status at levels of education do not give a full picture of what is happening. Full-fledged interpretation requires to turn to a much larger amount of information, primarily because an influence of the family and the environment during the period of primary socialization is of decisive importance for the formation of chances in the educational sphere. The social experience of the family, the models of social behavior based on it, the developed cultural patterns, strategies, and tactics are important. At the same time, the orientations towards education are not fixed once and for all; they can be transformed if the general situation changes (for example, economic) or a directed influence is made (for example, pedagogical). The formed orientations are, as it were, a starting position and later sets the direction and speed of possible reflection on certain influences. The pandemic and the resulting intensification of distance learning have sharply increased the importance of motivation and other students’ qualities, formed during the period of primary socialization: they are critical for academic success. The accompanying growth of inequality in education has actualized the search for its sources to find means to overcome or at least reduce it. Equalization of opportunities for young people from all social groups is especially important for the growth of human potential.
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Cho, Gyeongcheol, Younyoung Choi, and Ji-Hyun Kim. "Investigating the Unintended Consequences of the High School Equalization Policy on the Housing Market." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 8496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208496.
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Owing to its potentially far-reaching impact on a large population, an educational policy may lead to unintended consequences beyond the educational area. The High School Equalization Policy (HSEP), introduced into South Korea in the mid-1970s, is representative of such a policy. HSEP prohibits high school entrance exams and randomly assigns students to a high school near their residence. Despite its aim of ensuring equal opportunities in education for all students regardless of socio-economic status, a frequent criticism was that HSEP could prompt students’ families to move to a region near traditional elite high schools, which, in turn, would widen the gap in house prices between different regions. Thus, we conducted an empirical study to examine the secondary influence of the HSEP on the housing market via a difference-in-differences (DD) analysis. We used house price data from the Gangwon province, as the partial introduction of HSEP into the province allowed for a quasi-experimental study on the effect of HSEP. The result revealed that, contrary to expectations, the HSEP in Gangwon had the opposite spillover effect of reducing the gap of the average house prices by 5%~9% across regions.
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Wenglinsky, Harold. "Finance Equalization and Within-School Equity: The Relationship Between Education Spending and the Social Distribution of Achievement." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 20, no. 4 (December 1998): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737020004269.
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This study relates various types of educational spending to mean mathematics achievement and its social distribution among students. A nationally representative database of 7,217 12th graders was developed by linking the 1992 National Assessment of Educational Progress in mathematics to the U.S. Common Core of Data and the School District Data Book. Through applying hierarchical linear modeling to the database, the study found that spending on instruction and capital expenditures, while not related to mean achievement levels, were related to differences in achievement between SES groups; lower spending levels are associated with greater achievement gaps within schools.
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Storozheva, S. P., E. G. Strukova, and R. D. Shilin. "Communication practices to maintain the student contingent in the distance education system." Professional education in the modern world 10, no. 4 (January 30, 2021): 4190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/2618-7515-2020-4-03.
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Modern educational programs of distance education are gaining popularity and demand among applicants with different educational needs. Such programs are aimed at overcoming educational inequality and equalization of educational opportunities, solving problems of inclusive education, incorporation in the system of continuous education. The study objective is to identify the role of educational communications and their effect on preserving the student contingent in distance education. The paper focuses on identifying the reasons to discontinue by students their studies in vocational educational programs conducted using distance learning technologies; determining the communication aspects of the problem to maintain a contingent of students in the professional educational programs of Bachelor and Master.The authors determine the motives for choosing the program, involvement in educational communications, satisfaction with the educational process and its components, as well as difficulties in mastering the program based on the student opinions in «the group at risk of expulsion» and studied in such educational programs, but for various reasons do not complete the studies. The research has solved the following tasks: considering educational communication practices in the system of distance learning; identifying the reasons of difficulties and expulsions of students in obtaining higher professional education by the programs of distance education; forming proposals on the organization of educational communications aimed more successful mastering of the educational program and preservation of the student contingent in the distance learning system. The study results should be used to organize communication and methodological support of professional educational programs of distance education.
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Firestone, William A., Margaret E. Goertz, Brianna Nagle, and Marcy F. Smelkinson. "Where Did the $800 Million Go? The First Year of New Jersey's Quality Education Act." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 16, no. 4 (December 1994): 359–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737016004359.
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Passage of New Jersey's school finance reform law raised questions about whether it would equalize funding between rich and poor districts, whether poor districts would waste their increases, and whether equalization would impair richer districts. Budgetary and interview data from 11 districts of varying wealth suggest that in the first year the law only modestly increased fiscal equality. Poor districts used new funds to improve other programs and the material educational environment. Wealthier districts experienced only minor cuts, which resulted as much from residents' unwillingness to tax themselves to the level allowed by the state as from reduced state funds.
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Abdelrazek, Elsaeed M., Abd El Fatah A. Elzayat, and Abeer M. Saad. "Building System To Improve The Quality Of Digital Educational Images Used In The Production Of Electronic Courses." International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Education Technology 1, no. 2 (2022): 08–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/ijaiet.010201.
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The aim of the research is to build a system to improve the quality of digital images used in the production of electronic courses, as this proposed system relied on digital image processing using recursive curve modification histogram techniques (through a set of stages including the stage of converting the color image to a gray scale image, then the stage Removing noise from the image, then the stage of resetting the contrast of the image Histogram Equalization Technique, with a judgment or decision on the importance of the improved image resulting from the system automatically, by comparing the (SSIM) value between the original image and the enhanced image and coming up with a decision before outputting The image on the screen and how useful it is, or keep the original image.
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Mehta, Silpha, and Lena Magdalena. "Education 4.0: Online Learning Management Using Education Smart Courses." IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI) 4, no. 1 (September 30, 2022): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34306/itsdi.v4i1.572.
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The number of students at tertiary and domestic universities rises as a result of evolving educational practices.However, in several Indonesian universities, this development has not been matched by an equalization of the course digitization system that can form soft skills and hard skills. As a result, there are gaps for instructors and students who want to form skills in these areas. Education Smart Courses (E-Scores) can solve the issues in education that arise when courses are gamified by developing a platform using sophisticated blockchain technology.The business model method of CANVA and TKT was then used in this study to systematically measure technological development.The advantages of Education Smart Courses (E-Scores), Blockchain-based innovations that academics can easily access, and gamification in educational courses, with the hope that prototypes will become more valuable and be developed in order to be able to provide better change.
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Li, Guofang, Youngeun Jee, and Zhuo Sun. "Technology as an Educational Equalizer for EFL Learning in Rural China? Evidence from the Impact of Technology-Assisted Practices on Teacher-Student Interaction in Primary Classrooms." Language and Literacy 20, no. 3 (July 19, 2018): 159–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20360/langandlit29415.
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Based on a conversational analysis (CA) of eight videoed EFL lessons from technology-enhanced primary classrooms in a rural suburb of a major city in China, this study examines the nature of technology-assisted practices and their influence on teacher-student interaction in the target language. The analysis revealed that the technology-assisted practices mainly served as an alternative presentation tool to meet a range of traditional pedagogical goals and facilitated minimal spontaneous language use among the students. The findings call for research to explore better pedagogical use of technology to promote students’ active language production to truly achieve educational equalization for rural students.
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Bolton, Charles C. "Mississippi's School Equalization Program, 1945-1954: "A Last Gasp to Try to Maintain a Segregated Educational System"." Journal of Southern History 66, no. 4 (November 2000): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2588011.
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Nikulina, Olga Vyacheslavovna. "Ethical and Educational Ideals in Max Scheler᾿s Philosophical Sociology of Knowledge." Общество: философия, история, культура, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/fik.2020.12.4.
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The paper analyzes M. Scheler᾿s doctrine of three types of knowledge – positive, aimed at achieving pragmatic goals; essential, educational, aimed at personal development; and metaphysical, salvific, striving to comprehend the highest basis of being. It is substantiated that the ideals of these types of knowledge are a scientist, a sage, a saint. The scien-tist’s goal is to obtain natural science and social and humanitarian knowledge for the use of things and domination over people. The sage’s goal is to com-prehend the essential structure of the universe. He transforms essential knowledge into educational knowledge, thereby creating the basis for personali-ty formation. The saint’s goal is to obtain metaphys-ical knowledge about the Absolute, which becomes saving knowledge. It is emphasized that in the his-torical perspective M. Scheler puts forward the edu-cational ideal of the “whole human” as a free all-round self-formation of the individual. The philoso-pher connects the achievement of the “whole hu-man” ideal in modern history with the processes of “equalization” of all physical, mental and spiritual characteristics inherent in individuals and groups; national, ethnic and racial differences; male and female types of thinking; mentality, cultural charac-teristics of peoples, countries and continents; char-acteristic features of capitalism and socialism, etc.
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Kulic, Nevena, Jan Skopek, Moris Triventi, and Hans-Peter Blossfeld. "Social Background and Children's Cognitive Skills: The Role of Early Childhood Education and Care in a Cross-National Perspective." Annual Review of Sociology 45, no. 1 (July 30, 2019): 557–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073018-022401.
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This review looks at the current state of research on early childhood education and care (ECEC) from a sociological stance. We summarize how children's experiences and benefits from participation in ECEC are related to their families’ socioeconomic position in modern industrial nations. By bringing together child development and intervention research from economics, education, and psychology with a sociological, social stratification perspective, our report focuses on ECEC as a policy strategy for equalization in early childhood. We argue that two major stratifiers, families and country-specific ECEC settings, need to be considered more closely when we seek to understand the efficacy of early educational interventions in modern societies. While well-targeted educational programs are found to lowerachievement gaps among children from different social backgrounds, a disproportionate use of early education by socioeconomically privileged families may offset the benefits of early interventions. In addition, the current stratification patterns in various nationwide ECEC contexts may further strengthen the gaps in children's (early) achievements.
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Smith, Andrea. "A Dream Deferred?" Journal of Underrepresented & Minority Progress 4, no. 1 (February 17, 2020): 44–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jump.v4i1.1239.
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The history of education in the United States abounds with double themes and purposes for education: schooling for democratic citizenship and schooling for second-class citizenship. Conceived as a means for great equalization, history echoes the intense disapproval of formal education for African Americans since the conception of the United States. The article places the discussion against the larger backdrop of national events within a political, cultural, and economic context. It further offers fresh insights into the African American commitment to education as they persisted in their struggle to develop an educational system in accordance with their own needs and desires with the hope that their work would transcend generations to come.
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Shevchenko, Pavel. "Moscow school: results of the reforms." Science. Culture. Society 28, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/nko.2022.28.3.9.
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The article examines the results of a 10-year period of active reform of the Moscow education system. The reforms began as an initiative of the federal government, and their implementation in Moscow had its own specifics. The measures to standardize the unified educational space, a new system of remuneration, per capita financing are described. Changes in the structure of the city's education management – the liquidation of district education departments, the unification of schools and kindergartens into educational complexes, the emergence of new functions for the school and its administration are analyzed from the point of view of the concept of change management.The main consequences of the reforms are the emergence of a socio-professional stratum of school administrators who adhere to a single system of values, as well as the reduction of social tension, the equalization of resource capabilities of the bulk of schools and the improvement of educational results of Moscow education as a whole.The empirical basis consists of statistical data and the results of interviews with school administrators – principals and their deputies, most of whom successfully coped with new tasks and working conditions during the period of intensive reform of the capital's education.
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Wang, Ningning. "The Urban–Rural Heterogeneous Effect of Family SES on Achievement: The Mediating Role of Culture." Behavioral Sciences 14, no. 2 (January 24, 2024): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs14020084.
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Previous studies have fully discussed the relationship between family socioeconomic status (SES) and achievement, but few of them regarded urban–rural differences as the moderating factor, which is an essential issue in urban–rural educational equalization in terms of educational outcomes. This study discusses the urban–rural heterogeneous effect of family SES on achievement and manifests the mediating role of education-related cultural factors. Based on the China Education Panel Survey data of 18,672 junior high school students, this study found the following: (1) family SES had a weaker positive effect among rural children than among urban children; (2) the urban–rural heterogeneous effect could be mediated by education-related cultural factors, i.e., learning environments and beliefs; and (3) in this regard, contemporary China is experiencing cultural reproduction rather than a cultural mobility mode. In Conclusion, although the urban–rural achievement gap will be maintained or even expanded in China, improving rural children’s learning environments and beliefs opens up the possibility of alleviating disadvantages in achievement resulting from family socioeconomic disadvantages. Therefore, narrowing down the urban–rural achievement gap from a cultural perspective provides policy implications for educational development in rural areas.
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Mohanad, Mohanad, Firas Hazzaa, Mohanad Sameer .., Jamal Fadhil .., Ravi Sekhar, Pritesh .., and Sushma Parihar. "Intrusion Detection in Software-Defined Networks: Leveraging Deep Reinforcement Learning with Graph Convolutional Networks for Resilient Infrastructure." Fusion: Practice and Applications 15, no. 1 (2024): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/fpa.150107.
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In the realm of academic technology, a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) serves as a web-based platform designed to facilitate the digital aspects of educational curricula, primarily within educational institutions. It encompasses various stages of assessment and provides resources, assignments, and interactive elements within a structured course framework. Its utilization became particularly prominent during the pandemic, as it proved highly beneficial to students by delivering cost-effective and flexible remote learning options. However, despite its advantages, VLEs come with notable limitations. Human emotion and awareness must be evaluated in virtual learning environments to improve user experience. A Fuzzy-based Convolutional Neural Network (FCNN) has been proposed to identify human emotions in a virtual learning environment. Our evaluation of the virtual learning environment's awareness is based on data collected through questionnaire surveys. Face images are preprocessed using histogram equalization. DCT allows a high-level feature extraction process. In addition, AFCNNs allow virtual learners to assess emotions and awareness efficiently. Using this approach, we evaluate accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision. By comparing our proposed educational system's performance to those of traditional sustainable development education, we prove the effectiveness of our proposal.
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Aimah, Siti. "PMA Muadalah sebagai Tantangan dan Peluang Meningkatkan Standar Pendidikan Pesantren." Jurnal Darussalam: Jurnal Pendidikan, Komunikasi dan Pemikiran Hukum Islam 12, no. 1 (September 22, 2020): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30739/darussalam.v12i1.1176.
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Education in pesantren, in general, from time to time is almost unchanged. The concept of “al-Muhaafadhatu ala 'al-qadiimi as-shaalih wa al-jahdu bi al-Jadiidi al-ashlah” implies pesantren through consistently maintaining the spirit of pesantren by providing education oriented to "tafaqquh fi ad-diin", however the transformation of the pesantren education system also conducted by leaders of pesantren to maintain the existence of pesantren so that education is more acceptable to the wider community, among the ways taken is equalizing the level of education with government support with the issuance of the Minister of Religion Regulation (PMA) Muadalah (equalization) number 18 of 2014. This is an opportunity for pesantren in the midst of the modernization of the education system in Indonesia, on the other hand pesantren as the oldest educational institution is still recognized as a native Indonesian educational institution. In addition, it is also a challenge for pesantren to prove that only pesantren which until now have been accepted by the wider community as an educational institution that prioritizes moral education in the midst of the failure of the general education system which makes morals only material
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Arini, Rhea L., Luci Wiggs, and Ben Kenward. "Moral duty and equalization concerns motivate children’s third-party punishment." Developmental Psychology 57, no. 8 (August 2021): 1325–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0001191.
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Roy, Joydeep. "Impact of School Finance Reform on Resource Equalization and Academic Performance: Evidence from Michigan." Education Finance and Policy 6, no. 2 (April 2011): 137–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00030.
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Michigan radically altered its school finance system in 1994. The new plan, called Proposal A, significantly increased state aid to the lowest-spending school districts and limited future increases in spending in the highest-spending ones, abolishing local discretion over school spending. I investigate the impact of Proposal A on the distribution of resources and educational outcomes. I analyze the differential effects on the lowest-spending and the highest-spending districts, highlighting the role of local discretion, which has so far been neglected in the literature. I also provide important evidence on the effect of spending on academic performance. Proposal A was quite successful in reducing interdistrict spending disparities. There was also a significant positive effect on student performance in the lowest-spending districts as measured in state tests. However, the constraints on future increases in spending may have had a negative effect on student performance in the highest-spending districts.
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Humennyi, Oleksandr, Oleksandr Radkevych, and Valentyna Radkevych. "An environmental approach to developing and applying smart complexes of academic disciplines in professional training of future specialists." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 13, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 516–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/13.2/434.
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The paper discloses modern approaches to creating integrated information environments of SMART complexes of academic disciplines through integrating creative, authorial, non-verbal, encyclopaedic, information-and-communication, self-realization, self-assessment components in professional (vocational) and pre-university professional education. It lists the advantages of such complexes compared to e-textbooks and reveals the requirements for developing them. It highlights the ways of considering future specialists’ psycho-physiological development when selecting and structuring educational information. It recommends applying constructive equalization of students’ cognitive activity based on the Kosko’s quasi-neural network model in their designing an educational trajectory. It shows conditions for ensuring equal opportunities for students’ learning within such complexes. Both selection and structurization of such complexes’ educational information follow students’ psychological development in perceiving it and focus on critical feature patterns of the adaptive resonance theory and the Hopfield model for associative memory. The paper suggests evaluating students’ activities within such complexes by comparing each participant’s achievements with the parameters of completed projects, using the index method based on qualimetric measurements. It specifies the features of an environmental approach in developing such complexes; elaborating their educational material; determining types of learning tasks; creating means of monitoring students’ knowledge. It justifies the results of experimental work, which involved surveying 442 teachers and analyzes the influence of such complexes on the effectiveness of the educational process. It highlights the importance of introducing heuristic forms, methods and techniques of students’ learning to help students obtain, systematize and consolidate educational information and acquire practical skills in performing creative projects and professional tasks.
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Subawa, Putu. "STANDARISASI DUNIA PENDIDIKAN." Jurnal Penjaminan Mutu 2, no. 2 (August 14, 2016): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/jpm.v2i2.79.
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<p><strong><em> </em></strong><em>The educational issues that stuck out today, includes equalization of educational opportunities, quality improvement/quality, relevance and efficiency of education. Serious problems that are still felt by education from primary education to higher education is a quality problem, of course, this can be solved through technological approach to education. The use of technology in education itself has three principles that dijadiakan as a reference for the development and utilization is a systems approach, oriented to students, as well as the use of learning resources. Competence of graduates who must be the benchmark in this regard in order to form a generation of people who have the competitiveness of a competitive and innovative. The role of educators is expected to further motivate himself in each learning interaction. Transformative educators believe that students should have the ability to be actively involved in the history of the creation of man.</em></p>
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Farida, Farida, Dewi Ningsih, and Agus Pahrudin. "Optimizing Educational Processes: Strategies for Enhanced Primary and Secondary Education Implementation." Tarbawi: Jurnal Keilmuan Manajemen Pendidikan 10, no. 01 (May 26, 2024): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/tarbawi.v10i01.9972.
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The research aims to describe the implementation of primary and secondary education in schools. The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The subjects of this research were school principals, teachers, and students—data collection techniques through observation, interviews, documentation, questionnaires, and triangulation (combination). Data analysis techniques are carried out by reducing data, compiling data presentation, drawing conclusions, and verification. The research findings are that strategies for improving the implementation of primary and secondary education in optimizing the educational process can be implemented by schools and madrasas by planning the implementation of education, expansion and equalization of opportunities for quality basic education, including the development of alternative education; developing curriculum according to the needs of educational institutions (modifying); preparing school activity plans and budgets, managing according to technical instructions, making accountability letter and financial reports. The need for improvements in several crucial aspects of the education system, namely the development of a more relevant and effective curriculum, strategies for managing education funds that can optimize the use of available financial resources, effective education expansion, and equity strategies, increasing the competence of teachers and teaching staff are also important implications. This research stimulates innovation in the education system, such as the development of new learning methods or the integration of technology in the learning process, with concrete steps that educational institutions and policymakers can take to improve the quality and access to primary and secondary education, ensuring that all individuals have an equal opportunity to receive a quality education.
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Arifin, Fatkhul, Arita Marini, and Zulela MS. "Enhancing Educational Governance: A Literature Review on Policy Management in Elementary Schools in Indonesia." Madrasah: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Dasar 16, no. 2 (June 11, 2024): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/mad.v16i2.21197.
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This study aims to conduct a literature review on the policy of managing primary schools in Indonesia, with a focus on the development of best policies and practices that have been implemented. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through searching and analyzing relevant literature documents. The results of the study indicate that there are several best policies and practices in managing primary schools in Indonesia. These include the school autonomy policy that provides freedom for schools to manage and develop educational programs, as well as the policy of equalization and inclusivity in education that aims to provide equal opportunities for all students. In addition, there are also best practices such as developing leadership programs for school principals, effective and efficient management of human resources, and the implementation of information technology in school administration. However, there are still several obstacles in managing primary schools in Indonesia, such as the lack of quality human resources, insufficient budget for educational program development, and lack of access to education for students living in remote areas. In order to improve the policy of managing primary schools in Indonesia, it is recommended to continue developing leadership development programs for school principals, improving the quality of human resources, and providing better support and access to students in remote areas.
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Ansari, M. M. "Planning for Open and Distance Learning in India." Industry and Higher Education 16, no. 4 (August 2002): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000002101296324.
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Improvement in the entrepreneurial capacity of the working population through education and training is a sine qua non for raising productivity-linked earnings and quality of life. The educational development of deprived groups and regions is therefore a matter of serious concern for policy planners, especially in countries like India which have a federal structure and a democratic polity Of the available educational methods, open and distance learning (ODL) is considered to be the cheapest and most accessible, due mainly to its innovative and flexible characteristics that allow appropriate media choices for student-centred approaches to teaching and learning. ODL extends the benefits of new knowledge and technical know-how and is thus a powerful instrument in the equalization of educational opportunities and in broadening the base of human capital formation. Against this background, the performance of ODL in India over the past four decades is reviewed. The author analyses the evidence and demonstrates the extent to which ODL has succeeded in improving access and equity in the provision of services. The factors that help or hinder in extending the reach of education among deprived groups and regions are identified, and the implications for policy planning are discussed. The implementation of the recommended policy measures would contribute to the educational development of disadvantaged groups, raise the overall competence levels and earnings of the working population, improve the quality of life, and reduce disparities. These goals are critical to ensure social harmony, political stability and sustainable development.
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Garusova, Larisa. "Canada’s contemporary policy on Aboriginal education." SHS Web of Conferences 134 (2022): 00013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213400013.
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The article analyzes the process of transformation of the educational system of the Indigenous peoples, the key factor of which is the policy of the Canadian government. Based on the analysis of documents and materials of the federal government of Canada and regional authorities, qantitative and qualitative characteristics of the modern educational status of Aboriginal peoples have been identified. Canada's Aboriginal education system has gone through a difficult path from destructive forms of education for culture, family and personality, to humane and careful attitude towards students, their national roots and traditions. The policy of compensating for the damage done in the past and supporting the Indigenous peoples in the field of education goes in several directions. Among them there are payments to those Aborigines who have suffered physically or mentally in boarding schools in the past; equalization of education levels of Indigenous peoples and other Canadians, support of Aboriginal languages and culture. The main tools in the implementation of modern government policy are increased funding for the education of the Indigenous population and the collaboration of the authorities with public organizations and Aboriginal communities.