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1
Šarić, Tatjana. "Istria Between Yugoslavia and Italy." History in flux 4, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32728/flux.2022.4.7.
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This article deals with the position of young people and the role of communist youth organizations in Istria in the years after the World War II. During this period, Istrians were torn between Yugoslavia and Italy, and a diplomatic struggle for territory was being waged. It will briefly address some of the aspects of young Croats and Italians’ daily lives, their political mobilization within larger organizations, and the challenges they faced due to political and social processes occurring during this period. Some of these included upbringing and education, ethnic coexistence, young people’s involvement in reconstructing and building the country through work actions, echoes of the conflict between Yugoslavia and Cominform among young people in Istria, and Italian emigration from Istria. This article will try to answer some questions about how young people coped with these processes in Istria, a troubled border area in a turbulent time, using primarily archival records kept in the Croatian State Archives in Zagreb and relevant literature.
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Holovko, Nataliya, and Svitlana Balashova. "History of the development of inclusive education abroad." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Pedagogy 2, no. 14 (2021): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-3699.2021.14.01.
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The article identifies the features of inclusive education, in particular, describes the content of this education abroad, in countries such as the United States, Italy, Germany. Scientists interpret inclusive education as a comprehensive system of educational services that takes into account the peculiarities of psychophysical development of all students. The forms and methods used in the learning process reveal the individual capabilities and potential of the student. Inclusive educational services cover all aspects of the student's academic and social life and include the formation of an individual curriculum, the creation of a favorable educational environment, the provision of support services of specialists The generalization and systematization of foreign materials allowed us to determine that at the present stage of development of society there is a strengthening of international cooperation between many countries, due to the pedagogical and social significance of inclusion.
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Mantovan, Claudia. "Bangladeshi immigrants’ self-organization and associationism in Venice (Italy)." Migration Letters 18, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v18i1.1063.
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In Italy, most of the studies on immigrants’ associationism and participation have concentrated on the more formal andstructured aspects. Little research has been done on forms of immigrant self-organization not oriented towards the society in the country of adoption. Drawing on these considerations, this article analyzes the self-organization of Bangladeshi residents in the municipality of Venice considering both their infra-political and their politico-organizational mobilization, seeking relationships between these two spheres of action, identifying transnational bonds, and dynamics linked to the social and political context of their home country. At the same time, the study considers the influence of other factors, such as the social, political and economic context found in the country of immigration (at both national and local level), and also the personal variables that can influence people’s participation, such as gender, generation, social class, amount of time spent in the adopted country, legal status, formal education, human capital, attitudes and personal projects in general.
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Volpe, Valentina Della. "What About Inclusive Education and ICT in Italy: a Scoping Study." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 25 (September 30, 2016): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n25p26.
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Strategies and approaches to inclusion in the classroom are important in developing a high quality, inclusive experience for students with Special Education Needs. Generally, strategies are not geared towards specific exceptionalities, but are instead designed to be implemented across exceptionality categories. Pavone (2014) and de Anna, Gaspari, Mura (2015) determined through their systematic literature review and research results that co-operation among staff, commitment and accountability to the teaching of all students, differentiation of instruction, and recognizing “that social interaction is the means through which student knowledge is developed” are key to successful inclusion of students with SEN. This paper looks at the issue of school inclusion by referring to the most recent laws about the inclusive education of students with special educational needs in Italy. Inclusive education means that all students attend and are welcomed by their neighbourhood schools in age-appropriate, regular classes and are supported to learn, contribute and participate in all aspects of the life of the school. Inclusive education is about how we develop and design our schools, classrooms, programs and activities so that all students learn and participate together. So ICT should be considered as a key tool for promoting equity in educational opportunities, that is using ICT to support the learning of learners with disabilities and special educational needs in inclusive settings within compulsory education. The paper also argues how the Italian teachers can realized good practices for inclusion through the use of ICT.
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DOZ, Daniel, and Tina STEMBERGER. "MINORITY EDUCATION DURING THE PANDEMIC: THE CASE OF THE SLOVENE MINORITY IN ITALY." Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17718/tojde.970687.
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Much research has been done on the first quarantine period in 2020, however little is known for what it concerns distance learning in Italian schools with Slovene as language of instruction. No extensive research explored teachers’ and students’ perceptions of this distance learning period, nor analyzed their opinion about positive and negative aspects of online learning, especially those related to the teaching material in Slovene language, which should address the Italian program. The present article presents the analysis of online semi-structured interviews that involved 15 high school teachers and 15 students who teach or attend Italian high schools with Slovene as teaching language, and it aims to answer these questions. We found that teachers and students preferred face-to-face classes, since they faced several issues connected with distance learning, such as a lack of interaction during distance learning, technology and connection problem, health issues and psychological distress. High school teachers and students faced less problems than those reported by primary schools’ pupils and teachers, since they are older and more independent than primary school pupils. High school students did also communicate through several social applications and peers might have helped them to overcome the language obstacles.
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Annarumma, Maria, Ines Tedesco, and Luigi Vitale. "Mobile Generation, Digital Devices and Preschool Education." International Journal of Digital Literacy and Digital Competence 9, no. 4 (October 2018): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdldc.2018100102.
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Contemporary children live in the digital environment and develop very quickly the natural ability in using technologies. At an international level, scientific research confirms the widespread use of mobile devices in the family and the increasing children exposure to these. This study mainly focuses on the following aspects: the benefits of touch devices for games and creativity and the risks related to possible delays in social and linguistic development and to addictions. In Italy, statistical surveys reveal a contradictory scenario: on the one hand, the digitization of citizens complies with international trends, especially regarding the use of the smartphone; on the other hand, there is a strong technological backwardness in the institutional area. The survey has analyzed the relationship between digitods and touch media, paying attention to usage profiles, usage behaviors, interaction, app selection and fruition processes. It has also been observed the parent-child interaction during the use of touch media, in order to figure out media educational guidelines in kindergarten.
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Cossu, Alberto. "Beyond Social Media Determinism? How Artists Reshape the Organization of Social Movements." Social Media + Society 4, no. 1 (January 2018): 205630511775071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305117750717.
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Artists and creative workers are engaged once more in the social and political space. In the current wave, which started in the early 2010s, they have taken part in broad social movements (e.g., Occupy, Tahrir Square), created movements of their own (e.g., Network of Occupied Theaters in Italy and Greece), experimented with alternative economic models and currencies (e.g., Macao and D-CENT), carried out social research and radical education, partnered with institutional and social actors, supported neighborhoods, filled the void left by states’ retreat from the social, and hosted and co-produced art at a time when the budget for culture and independent art is being decreased in numerous countries across the world. This article aims to investigate the organizational and relational aspects of artistic social movements. Drawing on a 2-year-long ethnographic study conducted for my PhD dissertation and deploying a number of research techniques, including participant observation, digital methods, and semi-structured interviews, I propose a new understanding of the meaning of organization in contemporary artistic social movements. My article, focusing especially on data gathered on Macao, “The New Centre for Arts, Culture and Research of Milan,” constitutes an attempt to reflect on emerging organizational models in social movements.
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Minetola, Paolo, Luca Iuliano, Elena Bassoli, and Andrea Gatto. "Impact of additive manufacturing on engineering education – evidence from Italy." Rapid Prototyping Journal 21, no. 5 (August 17, 2015): 535–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-09-2014-0123.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate how the direct access to additive manufacturing (AM) systems impacts on education of future mechanical engineers, within a Master’s program at a top Italian University. Design/methodology/approach – A survey is specifically designed to assess the relevance of entry-level AM within the learning environment, as a tool for project development. The survey is distributed anonymously to three consecutive cohorts of students who attended the course of “computer-aided production (CAP)”, within the Master of Science Degree in Mechanical Engineering at Politecnico di Torino. The course includes a practical project, consisting in the design of a polymeric product with multiple components and ending with the production of an assembled prototype. The working assembly is fabricated by the students themselves, who operate a fused deposition modelling (FDM) machine, finish the parts and evaluate assemblability and functionality. The post-course survey covers diverse aspects of the learning process, such as: motivation, knowledge acquisition, new abilities and team-working skills. Responses are analyzed to evaluate students’ perception of the usefulness of additive technologies in learning product design and development. Among the projects, one representative case study is selected and discussed. Findings – Results of the research affirm a positive relationship of access to AM devices to perceived interest, motivation and ease of learning of mechanical engineering. Entry-level additive technologies offer a hands-on experience within academia, fostering the acquisition of technical knowledge. Research limitations/implications – The survey is distributed to more than 200 students to cover the full population of the CAP course over three academic years. The year the students participated in the CAP course is not tracked because the instructor was the same and there were no administrative differences. For this reason, the survey administration might be a limitation of the current study. In addition to this, no gender distinction is made because historically, the percentage of female students in Mechanical Engineering courses is about 10 per cent or lower. Although the answers to the survey are anonymous, only 37 per cent of the students gave a feedback. Thus, on the one hand, impact assessment is limited to a sample of about one-third of the complete population, but, on the other hand, the anonymity ensures randomization in the sample selection. Practical implications – Early exposure of forthcoming designers to AM tools can turn into a “think-additive” approach to product design, that is a groundbreaking conception of geometries and product functionalities, leading to the full exploitation of the possibilities offered by additive technologies. Social implications – Shared knowledge can act as a springboard for mass adoption of AM processes. Originality/value – The advantages of adopting AM technologies at different levels of education, for diverse educational purposes and disciplines, are well assessed in the literature. The innovative aspect of this paper is that the impact of AM is evaluated through a feedback coming directly from mechanical engineering students.
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Crescenza, Giorgio, Massimiliano Fiorucci, Maria Concetta Rossiello, and Lisa Stillo. "Education and the Pandemic: Distance Learning and the School-Family Relationship." Research in Education and Learning Innovation Archives, no. 26 (January 20, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/realia.26.18078.
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In this paper we present the preliminary results of a survey administered to Italian stu- dents, teachers and families to detect the conditions prevailing in the education sector in the time of Covid-19. The aims of the study were to analyze teachers’ new citizenship skills and families’ relationship skills in order to create a new school-family agreement that is suitable not only for face-to-face lessons but also for distance learning and that incorporates new participation compe- tences from all those involved. Responses to the questionnaires, created in semi-structured format, were received from 2,000 teachers, families and students from all over Italy. This explorative phase highlighted the profound distance-learning revolution that has been adopted by over 90% of edu- cation systems but that has also created enormous difficulties from the emotional and relational perspectives. Aspects such as personalization and individuality in the learning process have been deferred, especially for those with disabilities. The conclusions intend to open to feasible social- pedagogical projects that respond to educational, digital and social needs drawn from this research, heralding that the pandemic has brought us into a new age of education.
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Coin, Francesca, and Monica Banzato. "A Case Study on the Impact of Digital Relationships on Unaccompanied Minors during the COVID-19 Lockdown." International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 21, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.21.11.2.
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The exploratory study investigates how unaccompanied minors (UAMs) in Italy dealt with social isolation at the time of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Have they suffered from the effects of the lockdown? How did their relationships change? What feelings characterised their experience? What factors helped them? Did ICT help them, or did it increase their social and economic marginalisation? Very little research has investigated the issues of UAMs, socialisation, technologies, and pandemics together. The data were collected through a purpose-built questionnaire that obtained an excellent Cronbach Alpha index (0.91) for internal consistency, which was administered to the migrant students of a school in North-East Italy. The answers indicated that they perceived the change in their social relations; but they coped with it, thanks to their internal resources, such as resilience and self-efficacy, and external ones, including digital devices and social support from family and teachers. Their friendship networks are regrettably fragile, and the youths do not rely much on them. On the other hand, the results show the crucial role of adults for the UAMs’ well-being: everyone, from the developers of policies to teachers, should take this aspect into account. Providing teenagers with appropriate communication technologies, ensuring the support of caregivers and teachers, and organising activities that strengthen peer networks are the actions of paramount importance, to ensure their welfare.
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Ferraro, Francesco Vincenzo, Federica de Ruggiero, Simonetta Marino, and Giuseppe Ferraro. "Social Bottom-Up Approaches in Post-COVID-19 Scenario: The AGOGHÈ Project." Social Sciences 10, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10070274.
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The AGOGHÈ Project aims to produce innovative and entrepreneurial models following the global socioeconomic changes caused by COVID-19. Its objectives include (i) generating awareness, education and social skills through dedicated ethical workstations and workgroups; (ii) developing a novel figure called “Social Trainer” who represents a professional opportunity for young graduates, able to discuss, explain and guide others through the maze of active citizenship rules. The project was developed in the Quartieri Spagnoli of Naples (Italy). The current manuscript reports preliminary data from the local community collected between November and December 2020. Results provide an insight into the neighbourhood, where the lockdown produced an increment in school dropouts and irreparable economic damage. In conclusion, the approach proposed with the AGOGHÈ Project, fully described here, is predicted to be beneficial in increasing social, cultural and economic aspects in the local area and in facilitating a dialogue between people, stakeholders and governments engaging in novel resolutions for post-COVID-19 crises.
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Hill, Dave. "Marxist education and teacher education against capitalism in neoliberal/ neoconservative/ neofascist/ times." Cadernos do GPOSSHE On-line 2, no. 1 (August 14, 2019): 91–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.33241/cadernosdogposshe.v2i1.1524.
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In this article I analyse global and national neoliberalisms- economic and social class war from above- neoconservatisms which are leading to and connected with NeoFascisms- with their scapegoating, racism, xenophobia, misogyny, heterophobia, militarism and the attacks on dissent- whether electoral, media, or from academics/ universities and workers’ organisations and actions. Six prime examples are Erdogan in Turkey, Bolsonaro in Brazil, Trump in the USA, Orban in Hungary, the Law and Justice government in Poland, and the racist government in Italy, in effect led by Salvini. Across Europe Far-right anti-immigrant, xenophobic and ultra nationalist authoritarian parties are recruiting and becoming electorally significant- and, in some cases, significant on the streets. Critique social democratic reformist parties and governments for adopting neoliberal austerity policies and thereby becoming delegitimised, together with the too-often `accomodationist' trade union and party leaderships. and critically examine prospects for left social democracy as represented, for example, by the Jeremy Corbyn led Labour Party in the UK. Much of the article is devoted to the resistant and the revolutionary role of teachers, academics and education/ cultural workers in different arenas, from national and local electoral and direct action politics/ Focusing on Critical Education, Critical Educators, Marxist Education, Marxist Educators, I seek to address four aspects of education: pedagogy, the curriculum, resistance in the classroom and the hidden curriculum, and the structure of schooling nationally and locally (within-school). I conclude by setting out what is specifically Marxist about the proposals set out. These are: (1) Class Analysis: the Capital-Labour Relation; (2) Capitalism must be replaced by Socialism and that change is Revolutionary; and (3) Revolutionary Transformation of Economy and Society needs to be preceded by and accompanied by a Class Programme, Organisation, and Activism. Regarding capitalism, our task is to replace it with democratic Marxism, to lead, firstly, into socialism, and ultimately, into communism. As teachers, as educators, as cultural workers, as educational, union and party activists, as intellectuals, we have a role to play.
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Cavalli, Alessandro, and Roberto Moscati. "Academic Systems and Professional Conditions in Five European Countries." European Review 18, S1 (May 2010): S35—S53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798709990305.
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Despite the tendency to create a European Higher Education and Research area, academic systems are still quite different across Europe. We selected five countries (Finland, Germany, Italy, Norway and the UK) to investigate how the differences have an impact on a number of aspects of the working conditions of academic staff. One crucial aspect is the growing diversification of professional activity: reduction of tenured and tenure tracked position, the growing number of fixed-term contracts for both teaching and research, including the growing recruitment of academic staff from external professional fields. These changes are connected with the changing functions of higher education systems and signal the growing openness of higher education institutions to their outside social and economic environment. To understand these trends one has to take into consideration the different degree in which systems distinguish between teaching and research functions. A second aspect has to do with career paths, their regulation, their length and speed. Here, the history of recruitment and career mechanisms in different countries are of particular importance because the different systems went through different periods of change and stability. Also connected to career is the willingness and the opportunity to move from one position to another, both within and outside the academic world. A third aspect deserving attention that is connected to mobility is the professional satisfaction among academic staff in the five systems considered.
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Tokrri, Renata. "The Crucifix in State Schools in Italy, Victim of Globalization, between Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Education." Journal of Educational and Social Research 11, no. 3 (May 10, 2021): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2021-0061.
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The interest to analyse the phenomenon of the exposure of religious symbols, particularly of the crucifix, in state schools in Italy and the principle of secularism, derives from the cultural and constitutional peculiarities that this system presents, as a consequence of the historical and cultural events that have influenced its ordering. First of all, it must be pointed out, as indeed it is evident, that Catholicism was the dominant faith for about two thousand years, and until recently, almost the only one. The Catholic religion has crossed the entire history of the country, penetrating and intertwining with the socio-cultural dynamics. For this reason, the Italian constitutional history has been crossed by the principle of tolerance. The latter can be considered clearly out-dated only with the Republican Constitution of 1948, thus the legal system emptied itself of its confessionalism. The last few years, as a result of strong migratory flows, the religious-cultural landscape, not only in Italy, but throughout Europe it seems to have changed. Other cultures have brought their own customs, languages and religions like a wave. Thus we are witnessing an extraordinary social, economic and juridical transformation. In this multicultural mosaic, the clash between civilizations could not be missing. Minorities have in many cases felt they were discriminated against, bullied and offended by the display in public buildings (schools, courtrooms, hospitals, etc.) of the symbol par excellence of Christianity, namely the crucifix, arousing the protest of parents of different faiths. All this has produced legal conflicts and jurisprudential rulings that have involved the European Court of Human Rights itself. This discussion aims to analyze from a socio-juridical point of view, the consequences of religious symbology external to educational institutions and to be able to give a juridical truth, stripped of religious indoctrination. This path will not be easy since every element inherent to religion touches delicate aspects, linked in particular with what is most profound in the people and culture of a country.
Received: 2 March 2021 / Accepted: 14 April 2021 / Published: 10 May 2021
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Lamanauskas, Vincentas. "THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CONFERENCE „INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION – 2014“: A REVIEW OF CONFERENCE." GAMTAMOKSLINIS UGDYMAS / NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION 11, no. 3 (December 10, 2014): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu-nse/14.11.56b.
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This review is devoted to the 9th international scientific practical conference „Information & Communication Technology in Natural Science Education - 2014“. It is obvious, that this conference is devoted to topical issues of applying the ICT in natural science education. Every year, scientists from different foreign countries attending the conference. The conference took place 23 – 24 October 2014 in the Conference centre of Siauliai University in Siauliai. The main conference sponsor was SMC “Scientia Educologica”. This year, scientists from Brazil, Italy, Czechia, Latvia, Lithuania took part in the work of conference. It is obvious that an exchange of ideas, experience and opinions very useful to the development of science. The first International conference „Information & Communication Technology in Natural Science Education“ took place at the University of Šiauliai. It was organized in the frame of an International science project „ARiSE“ (http://www.arise-project.org/). It is obvious, that natural science and technological education success and effectiveness are determined not only by current and newly written textbooks, but also by computers and other modern ICT technologies. Application of ICT in the teaching and learning has not only positive, but also negative aspects. Application of ICT in the teaching and learning has not only positive, but also negative aspects. It is necessary to analyze influence of ICT not only at a level of development of cognitive processes, but also at the level of human social development. Key words: international conference, science education, science and technological education movement.
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Katić, Sandra, Francesco V. Ferraro, Ferdinando Ivano Ambra, and Maria Luisa Iavarone. "Distance Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic. A Comparison between European Countries." Education Sciences 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2021): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11100595.
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COVID-19 has shaped and changed our normalities, and, with the discovery of new variants, the long-COVID syndrome, and stress disorders, the end of the pandemic seems distant. The current scenario is impacting all aspects of our lives. In particular, many studies reported that the pandemic resulted in increased psychiatric disorders and grief-related symptoms in adolescents. The project developed between Italy and Slovenia investigated students’ experiences during the lockdown and, in particular, reported the perception of distanced learning, producing a transparent qualitative analysis that can inform future research and open to discussions on learning strategies. A survey was conducted with secondary school students in Southern Italy between 1 April and 31 May 2020 and in Central Slovenia between 16 March and 28 February 2021. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected based on students’ perception of distanced learning, via an online survey platform. The results focused on three main aspects: learning experience, relationships with peers and teachers, and anxiety levels. The data showed similarities and differences in the two cohorts and suggested strategies to improve education (e.g., with blended approaches) to prepare students, teachers, and tutors for the challenges of returning to classes. In particular, data showed that it is recommended to foster collaboration between EU countries and to work to prevent students’ social isolation.
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Силантьева and Margarita Silanteva. "The Practice of Science Diplomacy in the Cultural and Creative Dimensions: “Science for Diplomacy” in Italy and Russia." Modern Communication Studies 5, no. 6 (December 17, 2016): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22773.
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The development of science as a social institution, as well as its interaction with diplomacy, now spawned a number of “hybrid” forms of promoting the unification of the capacity of each of these areas to address specific social and political problems of contemporary culture. Against the background clotting own potential natural science research programs in a number of countries who spoke first among the leaders of the world of science (especially physics) especially interesting are dynamics of the changing role of the scientist in the paradigm of post-nonclassical science. Italy from this point of view is a unique platform where the tradition of
classical education, the political process and the modern European strategy
received a particular orientation towards the sphere of application of this bias potential in the communications area. And, above all, scientific communication
(including, in particular, diplomatic communications). Using biographical method based on the publicly available reference information helps to change perspectives in the analysis of the formation of philosophical and cultural foundations of such type of science diplomacy as “diplomacy of scientists”. The fate of prominent scientists (such as Bruno Pontecorvo) and less well-known figures in science, has been included in
the activities of international organizations, there are no less revealing than the fate of those who did not rise to the top of science, becoming invisible “cog” in the wheel of history. Science diplomacy thus can be considered at least in two aspects. On the
one hand, as “science for diplomacy” — in terms of general cultural potential
of science education and scientific activity itself, deducing scientists to
the level of diplomatic work. On the other — as a public diplomacy in the
framework of “cultural diplomacy” does not lead to a certain status and rank,
but enables to solve issues within the scientific community, is an important
group communicator in international relations.
The questions are appropriate to consider in the light of the idea of the creative
potential of science education, the prospects of its impact on the productivity
of thinking in the application of social and cultural practices based,
inter alia, on the communicative competence. But even more important is
the approach exposing the fundamental importance of education of any
type for the formation of a mature personality, capable to realize itself in the
solution of various problems with weighty social significance.
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Francesconi, Denis, Barbara Gross, and Evi Agostini. "Facets of primary and secondary school students' wellbeing during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative analysis of Austrian and Italian educational policy." Psiholoska istrazivanja 24, no. 2 (2021): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/psistra24-32602.
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The coronavirus pandemic has revealed the limits of current social and educational structures. In most countries, COVID-19 has compromised the wellbeing of students, but also of their families and teachers. During the first wave of the pandemic, school systems all over the world had to respond quickly and appropriately to the systemic shock it represented, and countries put a variety of different policy measures in place to tackle its extensive impact. The theoretical framework adopted in this paper is a critical perspective and the policy framework is the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); it provides a qualitative analysis of selected educational policies deployed by Italy and Austria to support the wellbeing of school pupils. The two countries deployed different education governance and emergency management strategies, in particular during the first wave of the pandemic. We applied our theoretical and policy frameworks to qualitative content analysis of educational policy documents from February to the end of August 2020, aiming to evaluate the responses to crisis of different education systems and potentially to support their improvement. The overall research question was: How did educational policies in Italy and Austria support students' wellbeing during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic? The results confirm that the Italian and Austrian systems had different strategies to support wellbeing and put different initiatives in place. However, educational policies in both countries, and especially Italy, had a stronger focus on the physical wellbeing of individual students during the period under study, and tended to neglect social wellbeing. The paper concludes by reflecting on the opportunities presented by this emergency for school systems to position wellbeing (in the broader sense of eudaimonic wellbeing) at the centre of educational policy
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Secundo, Giustina, Elisa De Carlo, Andreina Madaro, Giuseppe Maruccio, Fulvio Signore, and Emanuela Ingusci. "The Impact of Career Insight in the Relation with Social Networks and Career Self-Management: Preliminary Evidences from the Italian Contamination Lab." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 28, 2019): 5996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215996.
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Universities are developing more education initiatives to increase the entrepreneurial mindset of students to enhance the social sustainability and self-employment. Young people should work to increase their managerial and soft skills in order to face the process of innovation and change. This exploratory study identifies some features of the participants in the first edition of the contamination laboratory (CLab) of the University of Salento (Lecce, Italy) whose mission is to develop creativity, soft skills and entrepreneurial mindset. In particular, it aims to investigate the relationship between career insight, social network and career self-management in a sample of University’s students during a training course organized according to the basic principles of Entrepreneurship Education. Data collection is carried out before and after the project. Results highlighted that there are significant differences before and after the course attendance in terms of personal and professional growth. These preliminary results present innovative aspects. From a theoretical point of view, the study laid the groundwork for future research in employability and entrepreneurial skills topics. About the practical implications, the study can provide some suggestions to promote and plan sustainable interventions in order to encourage young entrepreneurship and employability.
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Liberatore, Assia. "School governance: Insights from the Italian case." Corporate Ownership and Control 19, no. 1 (2021): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv19i1art15.
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In view of the recent “La Buona Scuola” reform, growing attention is emerging about the enhanced role of the principal and its effects on school organizations in Italy. However, further research is needed to understand the Italian governance outcomes. Thereupon we would make a worthy contribution to the existing research with a deep assessment of Italian school governance. To achieve this purpose, the original contribution here is linking school governance to the learning outcomes of high school students and aspects of their daily life activities using a macroeconomic perspective. Our methodology is twofold: first, we review the various reforms of school governance in order to assess the strengths and weaknesses of each reform. Second, we involve a quantitative research methodology to analyze how school governance reflects social culture, students’ well-being, and educational outcomes. Our results confirm the significant role of the State in triggering education reform. Finally, we provide policy suggestions to the Italian Ministry of Education
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Митрофанова, О. В., С. В. Пискунова, and П. Ю. Наумов. "The Concept of Family Education: Attempting to Individualize Education." Психолого-педагогический поиск, no. 4(64) (February 21, 2023): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2022.64.4.007.
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Индивидуализация в полной мере характеризует на сегодняшний момент лишь две формы получения общего образования: семейное образование и самообразование. Семейное обучение, утвердившееся в Австралии, Австрии, Бельгии, Дании, Великобритании, Италии, Португалии, США, Японии и других странах, развивается и в России. События 2020 года выступили катализатором данного процесса. Ставший массовым исход из школы требует от педагогической науки теоретических и практических разработок, которые смогут помочь родителям организовать дома полноценное обучение детей. Разработанная в статье концепция семейного образования описывает следующие ее структурные составляющие: основные понятия; определение и виды семейного образования; его объект и субъекты, связь основных понятий, объекта и субъектов семейного обучения; главные проблемы; педагогические условия; ведущий замысел; ключевую идею; принципы и цели; направления деятельности. Ведущий замысел семейного обучения авторы представляют как домашнюю школу, ключевую идею видят в подготовке человека универсальных возможностей, а принципами семейного обучения считают совместную образовательную деятельность всей семьи, которая осуществляется как государственная работа и как передача социальной эстафеты. Цели семейного обучения — учеба, реальная работа и развитие ребенка — определяют направления деятельности семьи по овладению нормативно-правовой, учебной, методической и психологической базой педагогического процесса. Nowadays, individualized education only exists in two forms: family education and self-education. Family education, which is widely spread in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Great Britain, Italy, Portugal, the USA, Japan, and other countries, is gaining popularity in Russia as well, spurred by the events of 2020. The increased interest in family education requires a reassessment of theoretical and applied materials that can be used by parents willing to provide their children with quality family education. The article defines the concept of family education, outlines its types, describes the objects and subjects of family education, underlines the interconnection between its major components, outlines its principles, goals, and ideas, describes its challenges, prospects and characteristics. The authors view family education as home schooling, which unites all the members of a family. They underline social significance of family education and its versatility. Family education, which is aimed at educating and developing children, is inseparable from legal, methodological, academic and psychological aspects of education.
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Bertolini, Sonia, and Valentina Goglio. "The demand for qualified personnel: a case study on Northern Italy." Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning 7, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/heswbl-03-2016-0014.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate on the employability of graduates from the standpoint of employers by presenting original empirical evidence from a case study on Piedmont, in Northwestern Italy. Design/methodology/approach The empirical material of this paper provides an encompassing view of the educational system and of the labor market, based on qualitative data collected from 98 qualitative interviews and two focus groups that involved employers, teachers, school administrators, and public service authorities. Findings Despite important differences between big and small companies, the findings show some common traits that influence decisions on hiring: interpersonal skills, reliability, and motivation to learn and adapt to change are highly valued; social networks play a central role in finding a job, with consequences in terms of equality of opportunities; firms tend to establish long working relationships with the new hirees (especially college graduates), considering them as investments whose potential will be fulfilled in the long run. Originality/value The focus on the aspect of the demand is the added value of this paper. In fact, while scholars have largely addressed the supply of human capital, the demand side has received little attention and little evidence is available on employers’ decision-making process in hiring new personnel. In addition, the Northwest of Italy is known for its good economic performance but also has some potential weaknesses due to a production system that is rather traditional. Although geographically delimited, the case study provides interesting insights on the employers’ demand, which can be generalized to other contexts. The findings of this work can also have significant applications in other European contexts with similar characteristics, particularly Southern European countries.
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Serban, Ionut. "Social reintegration of prison inmates. A comparative study between two prisons from Romania and Italy." Sociology and Social Work Review 6, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.58179/sswr6210.
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Lately the “prison system" has gotten a special attention for various reasons. First of all because of the crowding of the prisons and the inhumane conditions in witch inmates live. The goals imposed by the European Union haven’t been met almost by anybody with only a few exceptions. That’s why the latest focus is on the re-education of the inmates in order to socially reintegrate them as soon as possible and thus resolve the issue of the crowding. This research is an attempt to show how seriously this aspect is taken into consideration by two prison systems, one large, in Romania (Craiova) and a regular one in Italy (Chieti) by showing the statistics regarding the personnel, inmates, spaces and activities conducted towards social reintegration of incarcerated persons.
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Osterrieder, Anne, Giulia Cuman, Wirichada Pan-Ngum, Phaik Kin Cheah, Phee-Kheng Cheah, Pimnara Peerawaranun, Margherita Silan, et al. "Economic and social impacts of COVID-19 and public health measures: results from an anonymous online survey in Thailand, Malaysia, the UK, Italy and Slovenia." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (July 2021): e046863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046863.
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ObjectivesTo understand the impact of COVID-19 and public health measures on different social groups, we conducted a mixed-methods study in five countries (‘SEBCOV—social, ethical and behavioural aspects of COVID-19’). Here, we report the results of the online survey.Study design and statistical analysisOverall, 5058 respondents from Thailand, Malaysia, the UK, Italy and Slovenia completed the self-administered survey between May and June 2020. Poststratification weighting was applied, and associations between categorical variables assessed. Frequency counts and percentages were used to summarise categorical data. Associations between categorical variables were assessed using Pearson’s χ2 test. Data were analysed in Stata 15.0ResultsAmong the five countries, Thai respondents reported having been most, and Slovenian respondents least, affected economically. The following factors were associated with greater negative economic impacts: being 18–24 years or 65 years or older; lower education levels; larger households; having children under 18 in the household and and having flexible/no income. Regarding social impact, respondents expressed most concern about their social life, physical health, mental health and well-being.There were large differences between countries in terms of voluntary behavioural change, and in compliance and agreement with COVID-19 restrictions. Overall, self-reported compliance was higher among respondents who self-reported a high understanding of COVID-19. UK respondents felt able to cope the longest and Thai respondents the shortest with only going out for essential needs or work. Many respondents reported seeing news perceived to be fake, the proportion varying between countries, with education level and self-reported levels of understanding of COVID-19.ConclusionsOur data showed that COVID-19 and public health measures have uneven economic and social impacts on people from different countries and social groups. Understanding the factors associated with these impacts can help to inform future public health interventions and mitigate their negative consequences.Trial registration numberTCTR20200401002.
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Petrillo, Giovanna. "Promozione della salute e del benessere degli adolescenti nel contesto scolastico." PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE, no. 3 (March 2009): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pds2008-003006.
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- Health and well-being have been separated for a long time from other aspects of school life and only recently they have been considered as the main objectives of health promotion educational programmes. Even in Italy, the recommendations by international charters on human health and the stimulation coming mainly from other European countries and the United States have resulted in a flourishing of initiatives on Health Education, involving different type and level schools. This was made possible through a profound political and cultural change, which have initiated for a long time in our country. This change took the interest in the development of child and adolescent as a priority in education and considered these subjects as legitimate holders of the right and duty to health and active players in the process of personal and social growth. Approaching to health and well-being of adolescents in the perspective of Social Psychology and Community Psychology, by addressing issues crossing different realities, categories and social conditions, contributes greatly to develop a more general reflection on the challenges posed by health promotion in the structure of society. This approach has criticized a medical and sectoral vision, and has gradually become more integrated and complex, assuming a bio-psycho-social perspective which deems extremely important the interdependence between different levels of health, between the individual and social components of well-being, among different subjects, between different contexts objectively and subjectively significant in this regard. Key words: health promotion; psycho-social well-being; adolescence; school setting.
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Mohialdin, Soad Najmaldin. "Review on the Positive and Negative Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Environment and Society." European Journal of Natural Sciences and Medicine 4, no. 2 (September 29, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/573vge34v.
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This review search aims to show the positive and negative impact of COVID-19 on the all aspects of life such as environment, education, economy, politics, social life, and social media, and most importantly global human health and health services. particularly in the most affected countries such as China, USA, Canada, Italy, Spain, Germany, UK, Brazil, Mexico, India, and Iraq. In terms of the environment our search shows that there is a positive impact associated between measures and improvement in air quality, reduction of fossil fuel traffic pollutes, reduction in greenhouse gases (GHG) generation, clean beaches, and environmental noise reduction due to air traffic suspension. The negative impact was associated with aspects such as the reduction in recycling and the increase in waste, which was endangering the contamination of natural resources (water and land), in addition to air. Other negative impacts on reduction global economic activity. In terms of education, COVID-19 had a big effect in changing the education system from classroom to electronic learning. The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching economic consequences beyond the spread of the disease itself and efforts to quarantine it. As this virus has spread around the globe, concerns have shifted from supply-side manufacturing issues to decreased business in the services sector. The pandemic caused the largest global recession in history, with more than a third of the global population at the time being placed on lockdown. ((Anon., April-2020) Health-wise it was the reason for the reduction of the world population due to the high mortality and death rate. This is expected to be carried on for unpredicted months perhaps a year until the right vaccine is in reach of every person in the world.
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Krüger, Viggo. "Learning how to learn: The role of music and other expressive arts in responding to Early Leaving from Education and Training (ELET) in the STALWARTS project." Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy 20, no. 3 (October 30, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/voices.v20i3.3084.
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This project report describes policy, practice and theory related to a cross-sectoral international project funded by the European Union’s Erasmus+ programme. STALWARTS– Sustaining Teachers and Learners with the Arts: Relational Health in European Schools–aimed to promote relational health in schools through engagement with the arts. The project was developed in five European countries: Estonia, Italy, Norway, Portugal, and the UK. The local partnerships between five universities and community-based schools are diverse in terms of their locations in the European region and the populations they serve, in terms of age, social status and learning conditions.
In this article we focus on the link between ELET policies in each country and local context. We ask: How can identified ELET policy initiatives in the five partner countries relate to the achievements of the STALWARTS partner schools when working with the expressive arts? Some related theoretical background underpinning the practical aspects of the project brings this report to a conclusion.
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Testoni, Ines, Giulia Salvalaio, Sara Pompele, and Adriano Zamperini. "The Management of Voluntary Abortion in Family Counselling Services. A Qualitative Study on the Role of Social Workers in Italy." Alternativas. Cuadernos de Trabajo Social 30, no. 1 (January 23, 2023): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/altern.21262.
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Introduction. Elective abortion has always been considered taboo. The event can sometimes be experienced as traumatic, as the woman finds herself struggling against a range of emotions: fear, shame, ambivalence, and a sense of guilt. Multidisciplinary support is therefore fundamental to guide women during this complex phase, and social workers usually play a key role in the process. The present study aimed therefore to explore the experiences and perspectives of social workers who worked with women who decided to have abortions, focusing on the strongest and weakest aspects of their support process. Methodology. The study involved 10 social workers working in family counselling services in Italy. All of them were female, with a mean age of 47 years, and a mean of 16.7 years of experience in the field. The study followed a qualitative approach, based on semi-structured interviews that were studied following the principles of thematic analysis. Results. Three fundamental themes emerged from the data analysis: «Limits of the family counselling procedures and organization»; «The emotional dimension of elective abortion»; and «The issue of conscientious objectors». Discussion. The study highlighted how family counselling services are facing a crisis due to the lack of resources, personnel, and projects allowing for women’s proper sexual education and support. It also showed how the social worker’s role, which is fundamental, has instead been reduced, especially regarding elective abortions. Moreover, there was a lack of social and sanitary contexts integration and professional training that would provide the operators with specific skills and make them feel prepared to address such delicate situations. Conclusions. The need has emerged for a new, multidisciplinary perspective on the issue of voluntary interruption of pregnancy and social workers play a major role. However, the support system still presents many shortcomings for the women in need of assistance. The present study offers innovative and practical suggestions to properly fill these gaps.
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Calvetto, Silvano. "Life stories and formation of subordinate subjectivity. Note on social research in Italy by Danilo Montaldi." Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.197.
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The social research performed by Danilo Montaldi (1929-1975) represented an interpretation of great interest in understanding the transformations of neo-capitalism between the 1950’s and 1960’s. In the ambit of a very critical militancy towards the traditional forms of political participation, his attention to subordinates is marked, in our view, by a significant pedagogical aspect. On the one hand, in fact, he focuses on the political and social processes through which subordinate subjectivity is formed, with particular regard to the role played by the institutions, while on the other hand, he examines strategies with regard to his own emancipation from that condition of oppression, based on the idea of education intended as liberation. Where the educational commitment and political commitment merge in the same project of reconstruction of society, looking beyond the drifts of neocapitalism in view of a world capable of recognizing the rights of all respecting each other’s differences. This, as has been observed by several commentators, seems to be the most significant legacy of Danilo Montaldi’s intellectual commitment.
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Palmieri, Nadia, Alessandro Suardi, Walter Stefanoni, and Luigi Pari. "Opuntia ficus-indica as an Ingredient in New Functional Pasta: Consumer Preferences in Italy." Foods 10, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10040803.
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Opuntia ficus-indica is a source of minerals and vitamins and has recently been used as ingredient to make a new functional variety of pasta. Italy was the first country in the world to produce pasta and is also the second largest producer of Opuntia in the world. According to an Italian sample, this study considers the main factors that could influence consumers when choosing functional pasta (featuring Opuntia) and characterizes distinct hypothetical consumer segments in terms of their food habits, pasta choices, and perceptions toward functional pasta featuring Opuntia. Data were collected using a web-based survey and with 328 respondents. Factor analysis (FA) with orthogonal rotation (varimax) was used to simplify the observed variables and hierarchical cluster analysis was performed with the FA results. Seven clusters were identified and the main results show that the level of education plays an important role in the perception of functional pasta. In fact, the perceptions of well-educated people differed from poorly-educated people. Moreover, the results showed significant respondent interest regarding health benefits and the nutritional and environmental aspects of functional pasta, which should encourage people’s acceptance and consumption of this new functional food. In addition, the respondent preferences reflect a value of experience towards the pasta, i.e., the belief of cooking typical Italian pasta. This means that Opuntia used for the production of functional pasta should maintain the organoleptic and physical properties of durum wheat-based pasta. In addition, respondent preferences for pasta featuring Opuntia could also be driven by its price.
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Biasutti, Michele, and Eleonora Concina. "The effective music teacher: The influence of personal, social, and cognitive dimensions on music teacher self-efficacy." Musicae Scientiae 22, no. 2 (January 9, 2017): 264–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1029864916685929.
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The profile of an effective instrumental and vocal music teacher includes many personal and professional dimensions. Among them, teacher self-efficacy plays a key role and influences the evaluation of music teachers’ effectiveness. Recent studies have identified several factors that affect one’s self-assessment of efficacy. However, a comprehensive model of the predictors of music teachers’ self-efficacy still does not exist. The aim of the current study was to identify factors that affect music teacher self-efficacy using a quantitative approach. Three self-report questionnaires were administered to 160 instrumental and vocal music teachers in Italy. Data about their beliefs on musical ability, teacher self-efficacy, and social skills were collected to define a predictive model of teachers’ self-efficacy using a stepwise regression analysis. In addition, an ANOVA was performed to examine group differences in music teacher self-efficacy and intercorrelations among questionnaire scales were computed. The findings have shown that a general score of music teacher self-efficacy can be predicted by a multidimensional model, including music teachers’ personal and professional traits, such as social skills, beliefs about musical ability, teaching experience, and gender. Moreover, differences in specific aspects of teacher self-efficacy emerged in relation to participants’ gender and level of expertise. The impact of these results on music teachers’ education is discussed.
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León, Margarita, Costanzo Ranci, Stefania Sabatinelli, and Zyab Ibáñez. "Tensions between quantity and quality in social investment agendas: Working conditions of ECEC teaching staff in Italy and Spain." Journal of European Social Policy 29, no. 4 (November 9, 2018): 564–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928718808401.
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Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) has become a strategic component of the Social Investment (SI) paradigm. Growth in this field of social policy – quantified as an increase in public spending and coverage rates – is often taken as indicative of a wider attempt to reformulate welfare state intervention through an SI approach. However, SI agendas have produced differentiated impacts in different contexts. In scenarios of budget restraints, some governments have increased coverage and controlled costs at the same time by allowing for higher staff-to-child ratios and group sizes, externalizing management costs or worsening the working conditions of professionals. These strategies can severely compromise the quality of the provision offered. This is likely to have more effect in those contexts in which provision needs to be developed under more stringent conditions of financial viability. The article analyses two such cases, Italy and Spain, where general conditions of permanent austerity are combined with a comparatively reduced capacity for public spending. Focusing on the qualifications and the working conditions of professionals working in ECEC as a fundamental aspect of the quality of provision, this article compares the two segments of ECEC: early child development (0–2) and pre-primary education (3–5), in both Italy and Spain since the early 1990s. The working conditions of primary school teachers are taken as a frame of reference. We conclude that, despite the fact that there has been an overall expansion of ECEC in both countries, only the (early) policy developments in pre-schooling can be seen as conforming to what have lately been codified as the principles of an SI strategy; at the same time an evident tension exists between the expansion and the quality of provision in the more recent development of childcare services for very young children.
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Vevere, Velga, Consuelo Resentini, Marcos Garcia Alfaya, and Angel Muniz Mejuto. "Cultural Adaptation of Erasmus Students in Latvia and Host University Responsibility." Economics and Culture 14, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jec-2017-0017.
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AbstractInternationalisation of education and student mobility (incoming and outgoing) has become a significant factor in the sphere of higher education. These processes lead to interaction between local students and exchange students, as well as between exchange students and host universities. Being in the foreign country for a certain period (one or two semesters) requires some cultural and social adaptation that could or could not be problematic for various reasons. In order to maximise benefits for the exchange students and host universities, it is important to identify existing problems and to offer possible solutions. The aim of the current paper is to research the critical aspects of cultural adaptation process of ERASMUS students in Latvia. The international group that consists of a professor of the University College of Economics and Culture and three exchange students from Italy and Spain carried out the research. The empirical methods used were the following: a survey of ERASMUS students (non-probability purposive sampling) and semi-structured interviews with the host university ERASMUS coordinators. The data processing methods were the descriptive statistics as well as the thematic content analysis. On the basis of critical issues identified during the research process, the authors worked a set of practical solutions aimed at the host institutions.
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DRĂGHICESCU, Luminița Mihaela, and Ioana STĂNCESCU. "TEACHERS` REPRESENTATIONS AND BELIEFS ON EARLY SCHOOL LEAVING." International Journal of Theology, Philosophy and Science 6, no. 11 (November 27, 2022): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26520/ijtps.2022.6.11.79-92.
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Children` participation to education is an important concern for the entire educational system, for policy makers, but also for organizations, institutions, employers, etc. interested in what is happening in education, without necessarily being part of this system. With the intention of contributing to promptly identify students in early school leaving situation and to operatively intervene, extensive research was launched within the Erasmus+ Project “Active Cross-sectoral Cooperation for Educational and Social Success” (A.C.C.E.S.S.), having as target-group teachers and students from the four partner countries - Italy, Portugal, Lithuania and Romania. The research circumscribed a quantitative approach, consisting in the development and administration of two questionnaires - one addressed to teachers and the other addressed to students and to those who leave the school early, and a qualitative approach, conducted by the method of interview-based survey, in the case of students and by organizing focus groups with teachers. One of the aspects with a strong impact on the motivation and involvement / engagement of students in the educational process and, implicitly, on the management of the ESL phenomenon is represented by the representations / beliefs of the school managers / teachers / students. That is why part of our research has focused on investigating teachers' perceptions on these beliefs and representations
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Sobot, Ankica. "The impact of education on time use of elderly population in Serbia." Stanovnistvo 53, no. 2 (2015): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1502067s.
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The active ageing concept, which implies individual and broader social benefits, is defined for mitigating the negative effects of intensive population ageing. It redefines the perception of ageing in accordance with the positive trends in terms of health and life span of older persons' life. One of the factors which has certain impact on some aspects of active ageing is education. The researches confirm its influence on the health and vitality of the elderly, as well as on their economic activity. It is important not only as a dimension of socio-economic status, but also from the perspective of certain behavior, the availability of learning, the possibility of adopting valid information and the use of new technological achievements for the purpose of healthy lifestyle. The top ten countries in 2015 regarding Active Ageing Index have up to four times higher shares of highly educated persons among those aged 50 or over (between 23% and 34%), compared to the countries which are at the back of the AAI list. However, Italy is ranked second, regarding the participation in society despite the fact that less than 10% of persons aged 50 or over are highly educated. By contrast, Estonia has only high index in employment, while in relation to the other spheres is very low ranking, regardless there are 34% of highly educated among persons aged 50 or over. The first example shows that it is possible to achieve partial progress despite low prevalence of high education. Another indicates that the attainment in active ageing can be limited by other factors despite high proportion of highly educated. It is possible to conclude that in either of these two cases high education did not impact, but that these characteristics of active ageing are the consequences of other factors. Participation in society, in addition to volunteering and political engagement, implies caring for children or the elderly. It is possible that the incidence of these activities have more important influence on the positioning of Italy in this sphere. Relatively high index of employment could be explained by the influence of socio-economic conditions and the necessity of working engagement of older persons due to social security and living standards of households. This could be said for Estonia because it is placed into the group of countries with lower GDP per capita. The research regarding the time use in Serbia, used in this paper as the framework for studying the lifestyle of older people, shows that the paid work is the most evident differentiation between those who have entered the older age (65 or older) and those who are on the threshold of this limit (55-64 years). Regarding leisure time, it is clear that more passive forms (watching television and resting) prevail. Reading, walking, visiting, spending time with family and the provision of informal help partially mitigate this picture. However, weak commitment to cultural events and physical activity, poor involvement in different spheres of social life, almost the absence of voluntary work and additional training undermine the concept of active ageing. Highly educated persons have the most of leisure time but, in relation to persons with lower educational levels, there is no substantial differentiation regarding the activities that mark active ageing. In comparison with others, they spent less time watching TV and movies as well as resting, but more time walking, visiting, reading, using a computer or providing informal support. Tertiary education has proved to be a point of differentiation among females who approach the entry into older age. It does not only mean more time in paid work, but also less time in unpaid activities, compared to women with lower educational levels. In addition, highly educated women aged 65 or over more frequently perform paid jobs than those with primary education. It is not the specificity of male population. High education did not eliminate the specificities of overpowering cultural pattern of gender roles. Men more engage in paid jobs and have more leisure time, while women spend more time in performing household tasks. Women more devote to reading books, going to the cinema, volunteering, and the participation in religious activities as compared to men. Male respondents spend more time resting, exercising and visiting sport events. However, in both cases passive forms of leisure time prevail, although there are some specificities. In comparison with those who had lower educational levels, highly educated persons evaluated their health as good or very good two times more frequently, but it has not resulted in significant difference in terms of commitment to the activities that mark active ageing. The widespread of tertiary education does not mean unconditional acceptance of this model. In addition to social conditions, living circumstances and cultural norms, lifestyle is important as an advantage or a disadvantage for the realization of active ageing. Lower education levels are an additional challenge in terms of advancing all preconditions for accepting and spreading the model of active aging.
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Khattab, Nabil. "Ethnicity and higher education: The role of aspirations, expectations and beliefs in overcoming disadvantage." Ethnicities 18, no. 4 (May 30, 2018): 457–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796818777545.
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The papers in this issue examine various aspects of ethnic differences in higher education. The first three papers, all of which focus on Britain, attempt to explain the very high motivation behind enrollment in higher and further education by ethnic minority students. These papers argue that investment in higher education is a defiance strategy that is used by ethnic minorities to counterbalance the effect of ethnic penalties. It seems that aspirations are still significant in shaping the educational attainment and are fuelled by the grim structural barriers facing ethnic minorities. The anticipation of labour market discrimination on the one hand, and the belief in the value of education as the main means for social mobility on the other hand, lead ethnic minorities in Britain to over-invest in education. The fourth paper tells a different story, in that immigrant students experience systematic disadvantages throughout their school careers including a much lower enrollment in higher education. These young immigrants hold more negative perceptions towards the value of education, not only in comparison with their Italian counterparts, but it seems also in comparisons with minority young people in Britain. However, in the last paper, the results resemble the British case, in that the second generation students hold higher academic expectations than their non-immigrant origin peers, and that these higher expectations are associated with higher levels of persistence and attainment. The authors here highlight the importance of the theory of immigrant optimism in explaining the between-groups differences. However, this theory does not seem to have strong explanatory power in the Italian case, if anything, perhaps ‘immigrant pessimism’ is a better theory to explain the low aspirations for higher education and poor educational attainment among immigrants in Italy. Of course, further evidence is required to substantiate this claim.
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Panarese, Paola, and Vittoria Azzarita. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Lifestyle: How Young people have Adapted Their Leisure and Routine during Lockdown in Italy." YOUNG 29, no. 4_suppl (July 29, 2021): S35—S64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11033088211031389.
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The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented global event. Physical distancing and other restrictions imposed by national and local governments all over the world to contain the spread of the virus almost certainly have had a significant impact on young people, who are more sensitive to peer interaction and social stimuli than adults. This article sets out to investigate the lifestyles of young Italians during the first lockdown, with the aim of exploring how leisure becomes the object of a negotiation between social needs, regulatory requirements, and a situation of crisis. To investigate these aspects, we present the results of a quantitative study conducted on a large group of individuals in Italy, focusing on young Italians’ lifestyles and leisure activities, together with an overview of prevailing moods. Our findings indicate that young people activated various adaptation strategies in response to the crisis with possible significant effects on lifestyles and well-being.
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Kačar, Sonja. "The Neolithisation of the Adriatic: Contrasting Regional Patterns and Interactions Along and Across the Shores." Open Archaeology 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 798–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0166.
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Abstract The beginning of the Neolithic in the Adriatic region dates back to approximately 6000 cal BC, and the appearance of Impressed Ware pottery marks its generic development. By combining lithic, economic, and paleoenvironmental data, we propose a new arrhythmic model for the chronology of Neolithisation in the Adriatic. On the one hand, the available data suggest that in the south-central part of the basin (Dalmatia and Apulia) the transition to farming was relatively quick, resulting from the colonisation of an open landscape (seemingly linked to the “8.2 ka event” and the onset of a drier climate). These newcomers mostly settled in the fertile plains of the Dalmatian and Apulian hinterlands, basing their subsistence almost exclusively on agriculture and livestock, while lithic blade production in cherts from Gargano (southern Italy) indicates important social aspects and complex management strategies (mining activities, more complex modes of pressure flaking, and specialised distribution networks). However, on the other hand, in the northern Adriatic (Istria, Karst, eastern Po Plain, and Marches), the Neolithic emerged somewhat later, possibly as a result of some form of acculturation. Although available data are still scarce, some evidence suggests that the last Mesolithic groups played an active role in the process of Neolithisation in these areas, where certain Castelnovian traditions have been identified in the lithic production accompanying Impressed Ware (the use of local cherts, lamellar production by indirect percussion, and “simpler” forms of pressure flaking) and in the economy, e.g. importance of fishing.
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Wijaya, A. P., and J. H. Hong. "QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL VULNERABILITY FOR LANDSLIDE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION USING GIS APPROACH (CASE STUDY: CILACAP REGENCY, PROVINCE OF CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4 (September 19, 2018): 703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-703-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Social vulnerability is an important aspect in determining the level of disaster risk in a region. Social vulnerability index (SoVI) is influenced by several supporting factors, such as age, gender, health, education, etc. When different sets of parameters are considered, the SoVI analyzed results are likely to be also different from one to another. In this paper, we will discuss the quantitative assessments of SoVI based on two different models. The first model, proposed by Frigerio et al. (2016), is used to analyze the spatial diversity of social vulnerability due to seismic hazards in Italy. The second model is based on the regulations of the head of the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) No. 2 of 2012. GIS is used to present and compare the results of the two selected models. In additive impact factor on the SoVI is also done. The result is that there are regions that belong to the same class on both models such as Pemalang, there are regions that enter in different classes on both models such as Cilacap. The result also shows the model of Frigerio et al. (2016) is more representative than the BNPB model (2012) by additionally considering the education and unemployment factors in determining the SoVI, while the BNPB model (2012) only includes internal factors such as age, gender. By considering education and unemployment factors, we get more detailed conditions about society from social vulnerability.</p>
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Pociūtė, Birutė, Laima Bulotaitė, and Jurgita Lazauskaitė-Zabielskė. "Counselling at School: A Comparison of the Work Characteristics of School Counselling Professionals in Four Different Countries." Acta Paedagogica Vilnensia 42 (July 12, 2019): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/actpaed.42.4.
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The technological revolution, the ever-changing economic and political conditions, and the resulting changes in life and work environments impede career planning for young people and pose challenges for career counselors in career orientation. Nowadays, career counselors have to not only assist students in planning and implementing individual, social, academic, and career goals, but they must also help the school community to ensure the effective functioning of schools in general. There is a lack of studies focusing on various aspects of career counselors’ professional activities, with the existing studies providing inconsistent or even contradictory results. Another problem lies in the huge gap between the theoretical, methodological, and methodical career counseling models and real counseling experience. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of analyzing and comparing the characteristics of career counselors’ professional activities in Lithuania, Italy, Greece, and Ireland. The study was part of the project “Strategies to Utilise and Cultivate Positive Characteristics & Employability Skills in Schools” (SUCCESS, 2017-12-LT01-KA201-035247).In total, 289 school career counselors from Lithuania, Italy, Ireland, and Greece were surveyed. Most of the participants (90 percent) were female, and their age varied between 25 and 60 years. In all countries, the professional experience of career counseling varied between 1 and 10 years.The results of this study revealed that across different countries, career professionals with different educational backgrounds perform career counseling. In Lithuania, career counselors are mainly psychologists, in Italy – teachers, in Ireland – consultants, and in Greece – teachers, psychologists, and consultants that carry out career counselling. The results have also shown that in all these countries career counselors perform various career counseling activities: career information, career assessment, career education, and career consulting using (non)psychological methods, although the frequency of these activities and the subjective readiness for them is different across countries. The counselors in all countries are satisfied with their jobs. Despite the existing differences in needs for professional development, all counselors expressed a higher-than-average need to develop their career counseling competencies.
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Grasso, Maria T., and Christian Lahusen. "European Solidarity at a Crossroads? Citizens’ Attitudes and Political Behaviors in Europe." American Behavioral Scientist 63, no. 4 (February 8, 2019): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218823846.
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Many observers have voiced their concerns that solidarity is at risk in Europe. Given this wider context, we are urgently in need of sound empirical analyses examining the various dimensions of solidarity in Europe. Public debates focus on solidarity in many respects but there is to date a lack of empirical evidence to draw upon to inform them. In this context, this special issue emerges from research conducted in the European Union–funded research project TransSOL devoted to the study of European solidarity (“European Paths to Transnational Solidarity in Times of Crisis”) running from 2015 to 2018. The project received funding under the Horizon 2020 program (Grant Agreement No. 649435). Christian Lahusen at the University of Siegen coordinated the overall project and Maria Grasso at the University of Sheffield coordinated the population survey for the project. The TransSOL survey includes approximately 2,000 respondents from each of the eight countries of the project (total N ~ 16,000): Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. In the context of the project, the aim of the cross-national survey was to build a comparative dataset that would allow us to answer our theoretically relevant questions of interest on European solidarity such as those discussed in this introduction and in the other articles of this special issue. The articles in this special issue all analyze the data from this original survey dataset to shed systematic light into key theoretically-driven research questions on various aspects of European solidarity.
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Pellegrini, Giustina, Sandro Sillani, Mario Gregori, and Alessia Spada. "Household food waste reduction: Italian consumers’ analysis for improving food management." British Food Journal 121, no. 6 (June 20, 2019): 1382–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2018-0425.
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Purpose Every year 1.3bn tonnes of food are lost or wasted in production, manufacture, distribution and at household level. Consumers are the biggest contributors to the total volume of food waste generated over the world. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors affecting consumer’s food waste behavior at household level, providing more insights to existing literature, basing on a hypothesized model. Design/methodology/approach Data collection was carried from May 2016 to March 2017, by means of a face-to-face structured questionnaire distributed among 580 Italian consumers, with seven constructs. Data analysis included two main steps: exploratory factor analysis and structural equation model (SEM) implemented by means of STATA 14. Findings Results show that price consciousness, environmental concern and time management influence the attitude that in turn affect the behavior toward food waste minimization. These findings provide basic guidelines for developing policies and campaigns aimed to decrease food waste. Research limitations/implications This study point out the importance of the food waste behavioral determinants analysis at household level in Italy. Therefore, the research will include other constructs and further studies can be conducted in European countries to produce spatial SEM. Practical implications Waste prevention approaches should concentrate interests on avoiding losses, and releasing of information, best practices and education of consumers as well as strengthening the donation to social services. Social implications The present findings may be used by decision makers, municipality, stakeholders, involved in food waste reduction policies. Moreover, social marketing campaigns can advantage by these results, in order to avoid food-related habits in consumers’ everyday lives not respecting the issues of the food waste. In addition, this study is addressed to academics and scholars that are already working on the role of consumer’s behavior and its implication on food waste reduction. Originality/value Food waste in Italy has been analyzed by several authors, yet not involving national samples, using different methodologies and aiming at analyze different aspects. The present study aims at analyzing main determinants affecting food waste behavior at household level: providing more insights to existing literature.
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Mannocci, Alice, Immacolata Ciarlo, Valeria D’Egidio, Angela Del Cimmuto, Maria de Giusti, Paolo Villari, and Giuseppe La Torre. "Socioeconomic Deprivation Status and Air Pollution by PM10 and NO2: An Assessment at Municipal Level of 11 Years in Italy." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2019 (January 3, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2058467.
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The aim of this observational study was to assess the relationship between environmental risk factors and some aspects of social economic status (SES) of the population in different Italian municipalities. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM10) annual means were extracted from ISPRA-BRACE (environmental information system of 483 Italian municipalities, 6% of the total amount of administrative units) from 2002 to 2012. As an indicator of sociodemographic and SES data, we collected the following: resident population, foreign nationality, low level of education, unemployment, nonhome ownership, single-parent family, and overcrowding. Low educational level, unemployment, and lack of home ownership were indirectly associated with the higher mean values of NO2 at the statistically significant level (p<0.05). Major resident population and rental housing percentage determined higher levels of PM10. Northern regions showed similar results compared to the national level, with the exception of foreign residency that showed direct correlation with the increase of PM10. The central regions showed a direct relationship between NO2 and PM10 levels and higher educational levels and between NO2 levels and percentage of single-parent family. In the southern areas, higher NO2 levels were correlated with a higher rental housing percentage, as well as higher PM10 levels with a higher percentage of unemployment and lower housing density. The study shows high heterogeneity in the findings but confirms the relationship between high educational level and employment with the increased concentration of pollutants. The higher rental housing percentage may increase the pollutants’ levels too. The housing density does not seem to be in relationship with NO2 and PM10 at the national level. The analysis stratified by geographical areas showed that the direction of the correlations was different over time as the analysis was at a national level. The study represents an example of how data from national information systems can provide a preliminary evaluation and be a comparative tool for policy-makers to assess environmental risk factors and social inequalities.
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Muñoz Jiménez, Eva, Daniel Garrote Rojas, Cristina Sánchez Romero, Stefano Martelli, and Giovanna Russo. "La estereotipia social de los adolescentes italianos durante la práctica deportiva (The social stereotype of Italian adolescents during sports practice)." Retos, no. 39 (September 17, 2020): 614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.80764.
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El deporte es una de las actividades que más se realiza en el tiempo libre por los adolescentes, sin embargo los comportamientos estereotipados durante su práctica pueden influir en la actividad deportiva. El objetivo de esta investigación desarrollada en la ciudad de Bolonia (Italia), ha sido analizar los prejuicios y actitudes de los adolescentes que hacen deporte en su tiempo libre. Para ello, hemos aplicado el cuestionario “Sport e Integrazione sociale. Indagine sulle suole secundarie di secondo grado in Italia” (Caruso, G, et.al. 2018) a un grupo de adolescentes italianos (N=286) con edades comprendida entre los 12 y 15 años (M =12,72). Los resultados nos muestran diferencias significativas en sexo, discriminación y origen (r= .307) (Sig=.000). Género y discriminación hacia la mujer (r= .133) (Sig.=.25); género y aspecto físico (r= .182) (Sig.=.029) y, en mejorar tu aspecto físico (M=.416) (p=.012) frente a los hábitos de un grupo sedentario. En conclusión, todavía se confirman las imágenes estereotipadas a través del deporte respecto al género y al desarrollo de la actividad que se cuestionan continuamente.
Abstract. One of the activities that teenagers practice more often is sport in their free time, having said that stereotypical behaviours during their practice can influence sports activity. The aim of the present study has been to look into the different perceptions that adolescents have about social, ethnic, sports and gender stereotypes about prejudices and attitudes during sports activity as an inclusive environment; using the “Sport e Integrazione sociale. Indagine sulle suole secundarie di secondo grado in Italia” (Caruso, G, et.al. 2018) instrument. This study has been carried out in Bologna (Italy), with participants (N = 286) between 12 and 15 years old (M= 12.72). The results show that there are differences in gender, discrimination and origin (r= .307) (Sig=.000); gender and discrimination towards women (r = .133) (Sig. =. 25); gender and physical appearance (r = .182) (Sig. =. 029); and improving your physical appearance (M= .416) (p = .012) versus the habits of a sedentary group. In conclusion, the stereotyped images through sport regarding gender and the development of the activity that are continually questioned are still confirmed.
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Furlan, P., L. Ostacoli, and R. L. Picci. "JS02-02 - Emergency psychiatry in italy 30 years after the closure of mental health hospitals: past experiences and future projects." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73703-8.
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The first law on mental health dates back to 1904, and attempted to encourage a uniform national discipline of the mental institutions and established as confinement criteria ‘social danger’ and ‘public scandal’.Very little exists in the scientific literature regarding this topic. A study conducted on the admissions to the Psychiatric Hospital of Collegno and Grugliasco (one of the largest in Italy) has highlighted few predictable aspects of mental health institutions. In particular, it suggests that the stereotype of “psychiatric imprisonment” not only does not correspond to the truth but has become misleading as well. In the past, patients were very often discharged from hospital due to overcrowding and high costs.In 1978 the Italian Parliament enacted the law Number 180. The importance of this law made admissions compulsory but also authorized the modalities and the timing of the Compulsory Psychiatric Treatment (CPT).By confronting the data relative to CPT in Turin from 2007 to 2009 (1,159 CPT per 868 subjects) and those dating back between 1985 and 1998 (4,819 CPT per 3,092 subjects) remarkable results emerge as regards psychiatric emergency in Italy. Recently there has been a higher incidence of CPT due to personality disorders, if compared with schizophrenia. It is clear not only the increasingly higher number of patients affected by these disorders, but also their characterization as emergency cases.In the CPT consent form, terms such as “psychomotor agitation”, “impulsivity” and/or “aggressiveness” are often adopted when making diagnoses both for the clinical evaluation and admission to hospital. These data support the hypothesis that some cases of compulsory admissions are necessary to contain disturbing behaviors, thus confirming CPT as a of social control tool.The institutional function of the Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment in general hospital in Italy (PSDT) is responsible for emergency care. A study conducted for 7 years at our PSDT showed that many patients affected by schizophrenia had a positive history of substance abuse and these cases revealed a more severe psychopathology and a major resistance to treatment.Very often the Psychiatric Unit ended up to offering health care assistance to patients presenting with social emergency situations. Our data demonstrate a significant statistical correlation between admitted patients and the length of hospital stays.To fully understand the Italian Psychiatric Reform it is imperative to analyze the university network services and how the 40 Italian universities with psychiatric clinics deal with the education and training of the Mental Health Therapists. The reform established a department model offering diversified and specialized structures within one facility, the Department of Mental Health.The integration and coordination among psychiatry and the other health care services such as addiction treatment facilities, developmental neuropsychiatry, disability, geriatrics and social services had to be regulated. Providing clinical governance, maintaining and improving the quality of patients’ care within the healthcare system, integrating healthcare strategies and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches will be essential to this project.
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Lanfranchi, Maurizio, Grazia Calabrò, Angelina De Pascale, Alessandro Fazio, and Carlo Giannetto. "Household food waste and eating behavior: empirical survey." British Food Journal 118, no. 12 (December 5, 2016): 3059–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2016-0001.
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Purpose In the food chain the identification of household food wastes represents the most problematic aspect to analyze: both as regards the assessment of its qualitative and quantitative aspects and for the detection of measures to reduce or control its generation. In 2012, in fact, the analyzed area showed an inequality index for disposable income of 6.3, and a relative poverty risk index of 42.3. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In order to get deeper insights into consumers’ wasting behaviors, a survey on food waste generation in households was carried out in a province of Sicily (Italy). The questionnaire has been formulated taking into account the socio-demographic characteristics for the person who, in the family, usually makes the expenditure, in particular: gender, age, marital status, number of household members, education level, type (single, with or without children, married with or without children), worker and/or student if responsible for food shopping, the number of monthly meals, the kind of ready meal eaten (frozen, fresh, canned or freeze-dried), net monthly income for the family, etc. (adapted by Bae et al., 2010). The data collected from the statistical return of the consumers were drawn up to transform the same data into information of simpler and more concise interpretation. Findings The results of the survey are presented in this paper. They can help understand the reasons for discarding edible food and to identify the food groups that are most wasted. Research limitations/implications The analysis of a larger land area or community allows most relevant conclusions. The research has an exploratory perspective since the sample strategy is not probabilistic. Social implications The findings could be susceptible to support practical and social implications for the identification of measures and instruments aimed at reducing food waste and at increasing consumers’ awareness on that issue. Originality/value The study can stimulate sustainable consumption and consumer behavior especially in light of the current economic crisis.
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Tolloi, Philipp. "Die Italienreise des Freiherrn Guidobald von Welsperg und Primör 1675–1676." Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken 101, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 404–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/qufiab-2021-0015.
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Abstract The article exemplifies the role of the Grand Tour as the conclusion and culmination of an aristocratic education. The educational journey of the Tyrolean nobleman Guidobald of Welsperg began immediately after he completed his academic studies at the university of Innsbruck, taking him and his tutor through Italy, which was particularly popular as a Grand Tour destination thanks above all to its political diversity and cultural richness. Although Rome’s importance was waning, it continued to be regarded as the Caput Mundi by Catholic noblemen, especially during the 1675 Jubilee, underscoring the religious aspect of the journey. The advantages Rome had to offer must inevitably have had a formative effect on the young Tyrolean nobleman. The costs of the journey were high and out of reach of the majority, and therefore represented an important element of social distinction. At the same time, such an educational journey was a means of improving one’s education and polishing one’s manners that was almost obligatory for career purposes. Only by visiting foreign countries and courts could one acquire the Weltkenntnis, or knowledge of the world, qualifying an individual for higher posts at court, in the diplomacy or administration.
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Pavarin, Raimondo Maria, Francesca Emiliani, Stefano Passini, Consuelo Mameli, and Laura Palareti. "Risky consumption, reasons for use, migratory status and normalization: the results of an Italian study on minors aged between 13 and 16." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 12, no. 4 (December 12, 2016): 264–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-09-2014-0040.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the relationship between migratory status, the use of legal and illegal psychoactive substances and psychological disorders perceived in a sample of minors. Design/methodology/approach A transversal multicentre study was carried out with interviews with young people aged 13-16 years recruited from middle and high schools in Italy. Findings The results show the implementation of a process of normalization in terms of the presence of legal and illegal psychoactive substances in the living contexts of the minors, of their widespread early use and of a substantial indifferentiation in the reasons for use (e.g. pleasure, curiosity, fun). Youths born in Italy with at least one non-native parent are noteworthy for an elevated prevalence of perceived psychological disorders and for particular lifestyles linked to the use of marijuana, alcohol abuse and the intensive consumption of tobacco. Second-generation minors show symptoms of psychological malaise, anxiety and depression before which the use of substances appears to realize a particular form of self-cure. Research limitations/implications This study presents some objective limits that indicate prudence in generalizing the results: only those who obtained consent from their parents were interviewed and the information communicated in the interviews could have been influenced by various factors, including the situation and the location. The authors used a standard definition of binge-drinking (Valencia-Martín et al., 2008). Actually, different criteria (i.e. number of drinks, time of consumption, etc.) and formulations of the question are used in different surveys, showing that there is as yet no consensus definition of binge-drinking. Nevertheless, the term has become somewhat confusing as it is often used as a synonym of drunkenness, making cross-cultural comparisons difficult (Beccaria et al., 2014). These are aspects that limit the generalizability of the results to the interviews alone and do not allow for prevalence estimates. Nevertheless, the results offer useful indications for future prevention projects specifically oriented to early adolescence. Practical implications The results of the study, on the one hand, document the growing use of legal and illegal proactive substances among minors and the relative cultural trend in this particular age band, testified to by the high number of those who have been present in situations of consumption to whom the substances were offered; on the other, they evidence a subpopulation of youths born in Italy with at least one non-native parent (i.e. second generation of immigrants). These youths stand out for an elevated prevalence of perceived psychological disorders and for their particular lifestyles connected to the use of marijuana, alcohol abuse and the intensive consumption of alcohol. This is also the group with the highest percentage of mothers alone in the family. Social implications A group of adolescents living in a monoparental family, that is, with the mother alone emerges, and as the literature has shown, family structure and poverty are linked (Landale et al., 2011; Svensson and Hagquist, 2009). In fact, such mothers, even those with a high level of education, are mostly unemployed. Adolescents with a single parent often not only face resource deficits but also other risk factors, such as high family stress, inadequate supervision, multiple family transitions and frequent residential moves. Specifically, these second-generation adolescents are female and they manifest sensation-seeking behaviours, but without drug abuse. Originality/value The results of the study show new and little-known aspects of the multicultural Italian society that is changing profoundly that should be explored in more detail by targeted research that also focussed on structural factors relatable to specific social positions. In this framework, a particular subgroup, i.e. the second-generation minors, shows symptoms of psychic malaise, anxiety and depression in terms of which substance use seems to realize a form of self-cure.
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Loukakis, Angelos, Johannes Kiess, Maria Kousis, and Christian Lahusen. "Born to Die Online? A Cross-National Analysis of the Rise and Decline of Alternative Action Organizations in Europe." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 6 (April 19, 2018): 837–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218768851.
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Alternative collective initiatives often emerge during hard times, supporting citizens and helping them meet their increasing needs through nonmainstream economic activities. To this end, citizens organize formal and informal alternative action organizations (AAOs). Recent studies have shown that the economic crisis was a trigger for the founding of a wide variety of new AAOs, especially in the countries most affected, such as Greece and Spain. One aspect of AAOs untouched so far, however, is their life span. This article investigates factors that impact on AAOs’ ability to stay active online, using fresh data on their organizational profiles from their organizational websites. It offers a comparative, systematic analysis of the age structure and the activity rate of AAOs in nine European countries (Greece, Germany, Italy, France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Poland, Switzerland, and Sweden), for the 2007-2016 period. Following the classic resource mobilization theory, we conclude that the lifeline of these organizations, as that of social movement organizations, even when their forms are innovative and alternative, depends on adequate resources.
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Piombo, Laura, Gianluca Nicolella, Giulia Barbarossa, Claudio Tubili, Mayme Mary Pandolfo, Miriam Castaldo, Gianfranco Costanzo, Concetta Mirisola, and Andrea Cavani. "Outcomes of Culturally Tailored Dietary Intervention in the North African and Bangladeshi Diabetic Patients in Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (December 1, 2020): 8932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238932.
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Immigrants show higher adjusted diabetes prevalence than Italians, especially among South-East Asians followed by North and Sub-Saharan Africans. Diabetes progression is influenced by food behaviors, and diet control is a critical aspect in disease management. Food habits have many cultural and symbolic implications. Guidelines recommend that every patient should receive appropriate self-management education according to cultural and socioeconomic characteristics. This study aims to test whether a customized diet and transcultural mediator’s support can improve immigrants’ food habits. A pre-post quali-quantitative study was conducted among 20–79-year-old Bangladeshi and North African diabetic immigrants. The INMP transcultural mediator, an expert in the social and health care field, actively participates in clinical activity by decoding linguistic and cultural needs expressed by the foreigner patient. Five culturally tailored dietary profiles were designed according to international diabetes guidelines and adjusted to traditional food habits. Data were collected with two different semi-structured questionnaires. Changes in food consumption were assessed through McNemar’s test, while paired Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test was used to analyze pre and post intervention. Fifty-five patients were enrolled. At follow-up, cereals, meat, and potatoes intake significantly improved, and the number of adequate dietary habits for each patient increased significantly. Transcultural mediator support was 90% positively evaluated. Adherence to dietary control is favorably influenced by a transcultural intervention, which is based on clinical and socio-cultural criteria, in compliance with patient’s lifestyles.