Journal articles on the topic 'Education Economic aspects Spain'
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Fernández Soria, Juan Manuel, and Diego Sevilla Merino. "La Ley General de Educación de 1970, ¿Una Ley para la modernización de España?" Historia y Memoria de la Educación, no. 14 (May 26, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/hme.14.2021.30034.
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The article aims to examine aspects that help to better understand the General Education Act of 1970 by analyzing the factors that made it a Law for the modernization of Spain. The defining feature of the Law was the ambition with which it sought to modernize the educational system; hence, we focus on the concept of «modernization» as well as its precedents and the modernizing axes contained in the Law. We also look at the socio-economic and political context that help to explain its creation. Given the law’s importance, the article pays special attention to the obstacles and resistance that made its genesis and application so difficult, as well as the controversies that have arisen from the reform it promoted. Finally, by way of discussion, an assessment of the law is made taking into account the aspects that make up the concept of “modernization”.
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Rodríguez Sousa, Antonio Alberto, Carlos Parra-López, Samir Sayadi-Gmada, Jesús M. Barandica, and Alejandro J. Rescia. "Evaluation of the Objectives and Concerns of Farmers to Apply Different Agricultural Managements in Olive Groves: The Case of Estepa Region (Southern, Spain)." Land 9, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9100366.
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Olive groves are representative of the landscape and culture of Spain. They occupy 2.5 M ha (1.5 M ha in Andalusia) and are characterised by their multifunctionality. In recent years, socio-economic and environmental factors (i.e., erosion) have compromised their sustainability, leading farmers to abandon their farms or intensify their management. The main objective/purpose of this research was to study the drivers and concerns that condition farmers’ choice of a given olive grove management model. Taking the Estepa region as a case study (Andalusia, Spain), surveys were conducted among farmers with integrated and organic managed olive groves. The socio-economic aspects were the main objectives and concerns of the farmers with integrated olive groves. In the case of farmers with organic management, conservation objectives prevailed, and their concerns were oriented to environmental threats. The education level was a key factor in the adoption of given farm management, as it increased the level of environmental awareness. In the context of multifunctional agriculture, it would be desirable to increase this awareness of the environmental threats against olive groves, in order to provide incentives for the implementation of agri-environmental practices that would enhance the sustainability of these systems.
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Donoso Gonzalez, Macarena, Laura Arguedas Mejía, María Martha Durán Rodríguez, and Virginia Ramírez Cascante. "look at educational and gender equality in the public policies of Costa Rica and Spain." Revista de Estilos de Aprendizaje 14, Especial (October 25, 2021): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55777/rea.v14iespecial.3814.
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Education as a fundamental human right and the foundation of a more just and egalitarian society has traditionally been the object of attention of public policies of various kinds.
The promotion of equal opportunities between men and women in different social spheres has been a principle, intended by all nations, materialized in inclusive education and social justice as guarantors for a society built upon the foundations of equity and equality.
Accordingly, an approach to public policies in Costa Rica and Spain has been made to analyze their treatment of equal educational and gender opportunities.
Both countries have developed educational and social policies to guarantee education for all, prevent segregation and social exclusion, and strengthen the role of women in all areas.
Despite this historical trajectory in pursuit of a just, democratic, and egalitarian society, the new world scenario brought about by COVID-19 forces us to rethink crucial educational and social aspects to overcome the current crisis we are facing.
The educational and social challenges are today of significant importance for society. The world needs political, economic, labor, and social approaches to address this present situation, and education is the fundamental weapon capable of offering productive answers in the current scenario.
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Cardona Rodríguez, Antonio, Miren Barrenetxea Ayesta, Juan José Mijangos del Campo, and Jon Olaskoaga Larrauri. "Concept and Determinants of Quality in Higher Education. A Survey Conducted amongst Spanish University Lecturers." education policy analysis archives 17 (May 15, 2009): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v17n10.2009.
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This article presents a portion of the results obtained through a survey and about different aspects related to quality in higher education conducted with University lecturers in Spain specialized in the areas of Economics and Business during the period February-April 2008. After providing a brief description of the main features of our research this article examines the ideas about quality in higher education as well as who are the agents involved in it. This article includes a brief analysis of some of the most relevant results about the impact of actions aimed at the improvement of quality of higher education, and it analyses the opinions about different ways to understand quality.
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Nikulin, K. "Spanish Economy under COVID-19: Anamnesis and Prospects for Recovery." World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 1 (2021): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-1-42-49.
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In 2019, Spanish economy maintained the post-crisis growth rates of the 2010s’ second half, although they were slightly lower than the average for the last period due to both, political and economic factors. The political uncertainty fueled by the necessity in holding four general elections in 2018–2019 has slowed down the search for consensus on reforming the country’s financial system. The decline in domestic demand reflected the evolution of personal consumption and investment, while the contribution of external demand was attributable to a slowdown in imports and slightly stronger exports. Low inflation and almost zero interest rates in banks also provided a favorable situation. By the end of the first quarter of 2020, the generally positive economic outlook was largely undermined by the global economic crisis caused by the COVID 19 pandemic which affected humanity in all socio-economic aspects. In the short term, the decline in Spain’s GDP and overall business activity is unprecedented since the country’s democratic transition that started on 20 November 1975. Even the vibrant Spanish foreign economic sector was tied: both external and internal demand for almost any economy in the world was in an equal crisis state with the start of the pandemic. Many factors analyzed point to a more precarious position in Spain compared to other countries. The Bank of Spain expects the Spanish GDP to fall by double digits in 2020 and it looks like the most realistic scenario. The article analyzes the economic situation in Spain by the beginning of the COVID 19 pandemic, examines the reaction of the national economy to the coronavirus, the individual measures of the Spanish government and the supranational institutions of the EU to combat the pandemic are analyzed, as well as a forecast regarding the post-crisis future of the country’s economy is given. Acknowledgements. The article was prepared within the project “Post-crisis world order: challenges and technologies, competition and cooperation” supported by the grant from Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation program for research projects in priority areas of scientific and technological development (Agreement № 075-15-2020-783).
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Luts, Joris. "Congregación De Escuelas Pías Provincia Betania: Tax Exemption for Education Services by Religious Congregation Not Sacrosanct from State Aid Perspective." EC Tax Review 26, Issue 6 (November 1, 2017): 292–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2017032.
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On 27 June 2017, the Court of Justice handed down a judgment in another fiscal State aid case concerning a tax exemption granted by Spain to a religious congregation performing educational services (Case C-74/16 Congregación de Escuelas Pías Provincia Betania). The Court of Justice’s judgment is interesting – and relevant for future fiscal state aid cases – for a number of reasons, which are discussed in the present article. Firstly, the case adds to the growing body of case law regarding the interpretation of the selectivity requirement in tax matters. Secondly and more importantly, the case provides insight into what constitutes an ‘economic activity’ and an ‘undertaking’ for state aid purposes, and specifically deals with the role played by the receipt of remuneration in this respect. Finally, the case may shed light on an issue of growing importance, i.e. the interaction between an instrument of public international law (a treaty) and various aspects of EU state aid law.
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BERLANGA, Vanesa, Franciele CORTI, and Eva PEREA. "The Effect of Scholarships on University Persistence: A Case Study." Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala, no. 76 (March 31, 2022): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33788/rcis.76.5.
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As we enter the 21st century, the social dimension of Higher Education is one of the key elements in university policies. Among measures aimed at retaining students, scholarship and study grant policies help to ensure equality. In Spain, the establishment of the Study Aid Programme (PAE) for degree studies is an outstanding innovative initiative. This study is aimed at assessing the importance of the PAE as an economic factor in equity, access and academic performance in the first year at university. The data used is that available on all students who began degree studies at Abat Oliba CEU University from the 2009-10 academic years to the 2015-16 academic years. The results confirm that obtaining a scholarship becomes an incentive that influences key aspects for persistence, such as the degree of effort and educational commitment with positive results on students’ performance.
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Vivel-Búa, María Milagros, and Rubén Lado-Sestayo. "Foreign exchange exposure in Latin America: evidence for Spanish firms." Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 31, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 212–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-04-2017-0130.
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Objective The purpose of this paper is to analyse the Spanish business sector’s economic exposure to currency risk in Latin America between 2010 and 2016, testing the effectiveness of hedging with derivatives for the reduction of this risk. Methodology Economic exposure is tested with the Jorion model (1990) using both a currency basket and an individualised analysis for the main currencies sustaining business activities between Spain and Latin America: the Mexican peso, Brazilian real, Argentine peso, Chilean peso, and Colombian peso. For the hedging analysis, dynamic panel data models were estimated using a generalised method of moments. Results The results reveal that the number of firms with significant economic exposure is sensitive to the temporal frequency of the observations. The evidence denotes that the firms’ export profile is predominant, both when considering a basket of Latin American currencies and when individually considering the five main pairs of currencies. The only exception is the Argentine peso, where firms’ import profile is slightly higher. The Chilean peso stands out as the currency with the greatest number of firms with significant exposure. Originality This work provides unpublished evidence on economic exposure to currency risk in Latin America in a recent period characterised by two main aspects: an important devaluation of some Latin American currencies with respect to the euro; and an enhancement of Spanish business activities in the region to favour growth during the recent recession of the Spanish economy.
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Mohialdin, Soad Najmaldin. "Review on the Positive and Negative Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Environment and Society." European Journal of Natural Sciences and Medicine 4, no. 2 (September 29, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/573vge34v.
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This review search aims to show the positive and negative impact of COVID-19 on the all aspects of life such as environment, education, economy, politics, social life, and social media, and most importantly global human health and health services. particularly in the most affected countries such as China, USA, Canada, Italy, Spain, Germany, UK, Brazil, Mexico, India, and Iraq. In terms of the environment our search shows that there is a positive impact associated between measures and improvement in air quality, reduction of fossil fuel traffic pollutes, reduction in greenhouse gases (GHG) generation, clean beaches, and environmental noise reduction due to air traffic suspension. The negative impact was associated with aspects such as the reduction in recycling and the increase in waste, which was endangering the contamination of natural resources (water and land), in addition to air. Other negative impacts on reduction global economic activity. In terms of education, COVID-19 had a big effect in changing the education system from classroom to electronic learning. The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching economic consequences beyond the spread of the disease itself and efforts to quarantine it. As this virus has spread around the globe, concerns have shifted from supply-side manufacturing issues to decreased business in the services sector. The pandemic caused the largest global recession in history, with more than a third of the global population at the time being placed on lockdown. ((Anon., April-2020) Health-wise it was the reason for the reduction of the world population due to the high mortality and death rate. This is expected to be carried on for unpredicted months perhaps a year until the right vaccine is in reach of every person in the world.
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Verdú, Abel, Rafael Millán, Pedro Saavedra, Conrado Javier Carrascosa Iruzubieta, and Esther Sanjuán. "Does the Consumer Sociodemographic Profile Influence the Perception of Aspects Related and Not Related to Food Safety? A Study in Traditional Spanish Street Markets." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 9794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189794.
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Street food markets are important for local economic development, but they must also meet visitors’ demands while operating. Since consumers’ trust is based on their perception on different aspects of these markets, the aim of this work was to study which factors most affected their purchase decision criteria. A total of 950 surveys were collected in 21 street markets (Canary Islands, Spain), recording data from the consumers’ estimation on food safety-related items (i.e., hygiene conditions of market installations, products, and food handlers) as well as other categories (i.e., prices and staff professionalism). The gathered data let us determine whether sociodemographic consumers variables like age, gender, or education level influenced their perceptions. The scores showed a strong correlation, the subsequent principal components analysis explained 81% of variability only with the first two components. The level of tolerance toward all items underlies in the first component, which was significantly higher for those aged 60 and older, but no significant correlation was found for gender or level of education. The youngest participants were more demanding about food safety-related aspects, while the middle-aged group was more critical of prices. This was especially true of females, who demanded better quality:price ratios. Knowing these preferences could facilitate the development of more effective marketing strategies, helping make street markets more competitive.
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Portillo-Navarro, María José, Gabriela Lagos-Rodríguez, and María-Leticia Meseguer-Santamaría. "Employability of University Graduates with Disabilities in Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 1463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031463.
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One of the most important challenges that Spanish universities face is the employability of graduates, a key factor to socioeconomic development. The analysis of the relationship between higher education and employment is a topic of obvious relevance, with greater interest in vulnerable groups—such as graduates with disabilities—who have a lower relative participation in university studies, a lower relative number of graduates, and lower employment rates. Thus, based on the Labor Insertion Survey of University Graduates (EILU-2019) by the Spanish National Institute of Statistics, this study addresses the influence of academic factors on the success of the employability of graduates in Spain, differentiating its effect in the case of people with disabilities. The results show the great importance of work experience during one’s studies and a knowledge of ICT to increase the employability and quality of employment among graduates with disabilities. This should become a key aspect of university training to reduce the economic vulnerability of this group.
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Loukakis, Angelos, Johannes Kiess, Maria Kousis, and Christian Lahusen. "Born to Die Online? A Cross-National Analysis of the Rise and Decline of Alternative Action Organizations in Europe." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 6 (April 19, 2018): 837–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218768851.
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Alternative collective initiatives often emerge during hard times, supporting citizens and helping them meet their increasing needs through nonmainstream economic activities. To this end, citizens organize formal and informal alternative action organizations (AAOs). Recent studies have shown that the economic crisis was a trigger for the founding of a wide variety of new AAOs, especially in the countries most affected, such as Greece and Spain. One aspect of AAOs untouched so far, however, is their life span. This article investigates factors that impact on AAOs’ ability to stay active online, using fresh data on their organizational profiles from their organizational websites. It offers a comparative, systematic analysis of the age structure and the activity rate of AAOs in nine European countries (Greece, Germany, Italy, France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Poland, Switzerland, and Sweden), for the 2007-2016 period. Following the classic resource mobilization theory, we conclude that the lifeline of these organizations, as that of social movement organizations, even when their forms are innovative and alternative, depends on adequate resources.
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J. L., Ms Chithra. "The Paradox of Being Human and more than Human: Exploring the Class Struggle in Nancy Kress’ Beggars in Spain." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 4485–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1539.
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The human history is an apologue. It tells the struggle-some tale of races, aiming for power and prestige or for mere survival. Marxism, discontent with the existing struggle between the haves and have-nots, envisages a classless society. Science fiction, in contrast, assumes a fictious world, not of humans alone, but of a macrocosm of living and non-living creatures including human, non-human or subhuman entities. When the divergent communities co-exist within the same planet, there arises a dissonance. Posthuman theory assumes that “the dividing line between human, non-human or the animal is highly permeable.” There is quite a good number of Science fictions that conjures up towards a posthuman future. Even though, seemingly divergent aspects, Marxian and Posthuman theory, both presumes a fictional world. The first surmises on an ideal utopia of class-less society of unique economic equality, the second foresees a futuristic world of humans- less than or more than ‘humans.’ Nancy Kress’ Beggars in Spain is a typical science fiction which tells the negative impact of genetic engineering. A few fortunate parents who could afford the expensive genetic engineering, was able to brought about a new generation of sleepless children with unique features. But those without any alterations, remained as sleepers. In the long run, the ordinary humans seemed to lose the race with the much productive individuals, who is having a bonus of sleeping hours and much more added advantages. The conflict results in a class struggle of ‘haves and have-nots’. Marxian view of the class struggle between the proletariat and the aristocrats can be analyzed on par with the classification of individuals purely based on their talents whether they inherited or purposefully custom-made. The present scrutiny rounds off the assertion that, there is no ultimate victory over the war of human and posthuman races.
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Colomo Magaña, Ernesto, and Francisco Esteban Bara. "La Universidad Europea: entre Bolonia y la Agenda 2020." Revista Española de Educación Comparada, no. 36 (July 1, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/reec.36.2020.26179.
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Born as a meeting place for intellectuals and those who aspired to be, the confrontation between the humanist conception of the university, rooted in knowledge, and pragmatic, linked to social demand, has meant that, since its origins, the university has been in constant transformation in order to respond to the needs that social reality has claimed. In a context of global economic crisis, the European university model opted for training aimed primarily at access to the labor market, making the declaration of Bologna and the European Higher Education Area the response of a large group of European countries that are committed to building quality, diversity and competitiveness training. However, the adaptation to the common requirements did not resolve the crisis, the European Commission having to establish supranational objectives (Agenda 2020) that will ensure the increase in the rate of young people with higher degrees. Through the comparative method, the progress and status of the fulfillment of said strategic objective for 2020 at the level of the European Union and the participating countries are analyzed, taking into account the reality of the Spanish state in detail. The results reflect that, considering the 2018 data and the progressive growth achieved, the rate of graduates in the European Union will exceed the value stipulated in the 2020 Agenda, with countries that exceed or match the specific objectives set and others that do not. The data in Spain do not ensure the achievement of the specific objective, it being significant that there is a higher rate of women and universities graduates from northern Spain, together with the community of Madrid. In conclusion, underline the need to consider other aspects besides the rate of graduates in Higher Education if a smart, sustainable and inclusive European economy is to be achieved.
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Kobeshavidze, Marine, Sofio Peikrishvili, and Ketevan Khuskivadze. "The methods and norms of transferring Spanish and Georgian proper names into Georgian language." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION VII, no. 1 (June 24, 2019): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22333/ijme.2019.13002.
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Nowadays Georgia is faced with the economic, political and social problems, by which the integration process with the European Union is accompanied. The Association Agreement has given rise to the new challenges that finally aims at providing the collaboration among the member states of EU, including Spain on the issues such as economy, education, tourism, emigration policy, legal cooperation and safety. The language along this line is the essential tool for the development of international relations. In this respect, the accurate translation of toponyms, anthroponyms and legal terms into the foreign language is of utmost importance. The paper deals with the research conducted on these topics, in particular, by the example of Spanish and Georgian - the two languages belonging to extremely distant language families, which differ from each other from the syntactic, morphological and structural aspects and have distinct alphabets and phonetic systems. The paper mainly focuses on informing the findings of the still ongoing research, which will be beneficial to the linguists as well as the translators in the fields of diplomacy, law and politics. It is the first time the research has been conducted from the above - mentioned aspects, which, in its turn, develops certain complications. In addition, based on the historical background, the involvement of the third- Russian language in the ongoing processes makes some difficulties, as well.
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Padilla-Meléndez, Antonio, Ana Rosa Del Aguila-Obra, and Nigel Lockett. "All in the mind: understanding the social economy enterprise innovation in Spain." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 20, no. 5 (July 29, 2014): 493–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-10-2013-0164.
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Purpose – Several studies have investigated the factors affecting innovation in medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) at different levels. However, research into the characteristics of the entrepreneur (individual level) in social economy enterprises (SEE), and the relationship to innovation is scarce. The purpose of this paper is to build upon previous innovation literature to analyse SEE innovativeness. Design/methodology/approach – This paper empirically analyses data from 193 face-to-face interviews with the founder/owner/managing director of small (zero to nine employees) SEE in Andalucía, Spain. A semi-structured questionnaire was produced using the literature review. To ensure the reliability of the data collection and the consistency of the results, several researchers reviewed the codification and analysis of the answers. Quantitative analyses were performed on the data, including descriptive statistical analysis and multivariate analysis (factorial for innovativeness construct validation, multiple regression, cluster, and discriminant). The software SPSS IBM PASSW Statistics 18 was used. Findings – Considering the individual factors, it was determined that a proactive attitude towards innovation and a degree-level education were positively related to SEE innovativeness and that these were the most significant factors considered. The identification of attitude towards innovation was perhaps not surprising; one might expect a relationship between proactiveness and innovativeness. Furthermore, this result is consistent with the positive impact exerted by entrepreneurial characteristics, such as entrepreneurial confidence and adaptability, or SME entrepreneurs’ proactive personality and prospector strategy orientation towards their firms’ innovation. Research limitations/implications – This study has a number of limitations. First, the study is an exploratory study of innovativeness in SEE in a limited geographical area. Second, the fact that the interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire limited the opportunities for obtaining more detailed information regarding the factors affecting innovativeness in SEE. Third, other variables may have been used as control variables, such as firm age. Sector was used as control variable and it was found as not significant. Fourth, other statistical analyses, such as hierarchical linear modelling, would benefit the results, as different levels of analysis would be considered simultaneously. Fifth, other components of entrepreneurial orientation would render the results more complete. Practical implications – The research findings suggest that SEE would benefit from degree-level people with proactive attitudes towards innovation. Clearly, attitude and education are important aspects of the individual's mindset. This study demonstrates that the mind sets of the owners of SEE, in terms of both education and attitude, positively impact innovativeness. At least in SEE, degree-level entrepreneurs with positive attitudes towards innovation run more innovative firms. The challenge for regional policy makers is to look beyond the formal education system to promote innovation skills programmes for social and economic impact. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the entrepreneurship and innovation literature by identifying the importance of developing individual-level skills as well as formal education in order to foster innovation in SEEs.
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Sydor, Halyna, Inesa Verbitska, and Uliana Savkiv. "INTRODUCTION OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF FINANCING GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION." Economic discourse, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.36742/2410-0919-2020-4-10.
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Introduction. The entry of our country into the world economic space necessitates consideration of the experience of foreign countries in financing general secondary education. We believe that the analysis of educational reforms in industrialized countries will avoid many mistakes, adopt a positive experience in the development of educational services. In order to solve the main problems of financing education in Ukraine, it is necessary to diagnose the system of functioning of the financial support of general secondary education in the developed countries of the world. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis for the implementation of foreign experience in financing general secondary education was the work of domestic and foreign scholars on the use of certain methods of financing general secondary education in Ukraine, the results of research in the form of proposals and recommendations can be used by our state in the field of secondary education, management of financial resources allocated from local budgets in this area. The article uses such research methods as general and special methods, in particular: general scientific and special research methods to ensure the achievement of this goal; abstract and logical and dialectical methods of analysis to substantiate theoretical positions and conclusions. Results. The article investigates the methods of financing general secondary education in industrialized countries. For example, countries such as the United States, Great Britain, Poland, Spain and Italy are considered. The foreign experience of management and financing of secondary education in these countries is generalized. The use of certain methods of financing general secondary education in Ukraine is proposed. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the theoretical substantiation and practical solution of a set of issues concerning the implementation of foreign models of financing general secondary education in domestic practice. Discussion. Further research will focus on studying the positive aspects of foreign experience in regulatory and legal support in the field of secondary education financing. Keywords: educational system, general secondary education, management, financing.
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Luis-Rico, Isabel, María-Camino Escolar-Llamazares, Tamara De la Torre-Cruz, Alfredo Jiménez, Álvaro Herrero, Carmen Palmero-Cámara, and Alfredo Jiménez-Eguizábal. "Entrepreneurial Interest and Entrepreneurial Competence Among Spanish Youth: An Analysis with Artificial Neural Networks." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 12, 2020): 1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041351.
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Studies of the socio-economic function of entrepreneurship have emphasized the critical role that entrepreneurial competence and its implementation play at different stages of the education system. In this paper, as a research objective, we seek to determine the entrepreneurial interest of Spanish youth aged between 15 and 18 years of age enrolled in formal secondary education programs, an initial stage in the development of entrepreneurship. A previously validated ad hoc questionnaire is applied through simple random sampling to 1764 students at secondary school in Spain. A descriptive cross-sectional study is carried out. The analysis is done with Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), a technique that reduces the high dimensionality of data through Cooperative Maximum Likelihood Hebbian Learning (CMLHL), applying neurocomputational methods to the educational sciences. We find as key results that Spanish youth express a medium level of interest in entrepreneurship. Analysis with ANNs shows that education in entrepreneurial competence is an influential aspect of interest in entrepreneurship. As a conclusion, our results suggest that educational and curricular reforms must be undertaken to promote the development of entrepreneurial competence at various stages of education in order to increase interest in entrepreneurship.
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Sipone, Abella-García, Barreda, and Rojo. "Learning about Sustainable Mobility in Primary Schools from a Playful Perspective: A Focus Group Approach." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (April 22, 2019): 2387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082387.
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Nowadays, educational activities need to be oriented towards sustainable mobility as a tool to guarantee a better future for younger generations. Two focus groups (FGs) of children aged 10–12 years were formed, for the design, development, and evaluation of educational tools for gamification techniques on the subject of sustainable mobility. The study involved a group of children from three classes in the fifth-year of primary education at a school in the City of Burgos (Spain). The first focus group revealed the cognitive perceptions of the children toward sustainable mobility and their cognitive understanding of its need. The information was used in the design of learning activities of gamification techniques. The children in the second focus group, after the educational experience, were evaluated with regard to the knowledge they had acquired on the topic and changes in their attitudes. The basic knowledge of children before their participation in the research was limited to the environmental aspects of sustainable mobility, as we observed in the first focus group. Through the use of the gamification tools, the children acquired new concepts that clarified the importance of social and economic components linked to sustainable mobility, and they started to develop an awareness of how to play an active role in changing their behavior.
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Rebordinos Hernando, Francisco José. "El acceso al empleo de preceptor de la cátedra de gramática de Benavente (Zamora)." Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 5, no. 2 (July 9, 2018): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.145.
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Grammar Schools were one of the most characteristic educational institutions in Spain during the Ancien Régime, together with basic education schools (in which children learned the basic skills of reading, writing, arithmetic and the Christian doctrine). They were founded in towns of some importance – due to their geographical location, administrative function or economic level – and granted many young people the opportunity to access further studies, which mainly consisted of Latin grammar. The teacher charged with imparting such lessons was called a preceptor, though in historical documentation we often find them referred to by other names, such as bachiller, dómine or lector. On most occasions, prospective preceptors did not have to undergo any form of formal competitive examination, although there was such a requirement in some exceptional towns. In this regard, our research focuses on how these exams were organized, and the professional profile required to win the post of preceptor of the Chair of Grammar in Benavente, an educational institute founded using a bequest left in the will of don Alonso de Carvajal, a local canon. This case study enables us to provide a comprehensive and coherent overview of the various aspects that characterized the teaching of Grammar during the Ancien Régime.
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Roca Cruz, Antonio, David Cabello Manrique, Josue Gonzalez, and Javier Courel-Ibáñez. "Estudio de satisfacción de los asistentes a la Universiada de Invierno Granada 2015 (Study on attendees’ satisfaction at the Winter University Games of Granada 2015)." Retos, no. 33 (October 23, 2017): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i33.58614.
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Los eventos deportivos crean una nueva imagen del país anfitrión, atrae a espectadores y a los medios de comunicación. Estos eventos deportivos, pueden ser categorizados como servicios. La satisfacción de los distintos actores a este tipo de macro eventos deportivos, además van a repercutir en retornos económicos a la ciudad organizadora, es por ello que es importante el medir la satisfacción con los aspectos relevantes del mismo. La medición de la satisfacción de estos eventos deportivos se ha realizado a través de una encuesta autoadministrada midiendo la calidad de servicio mediante la escala Eventqual, así como el valor percibido, la satisfacción y otras variables actitudinales. Los resultados indican que la valoración de calidad depende del género y la edad del tipo de asistente al evento. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la satisfacción del público, árbitros, voluntarios y deportistas a la ciudad de Granada durante la Universiada Granada 2015 en nuestro caso la satisfacción de los espectadores, jueces, deportistas y voluntarios fue extraordinariamente elevada.Abstract. Sports events contribute to create a new image of the host country by attracting visitors, spectators, and media attention. Literature suggests that these events could be categorized as services. Research also shows a direct correlation between the level of satisfaction of actors attending these events and, for example, the economic revenue obtained by the host city. For that reason, it is critical to measure what the most valued aspects or elements are for those attending such events. Measuring sports events attendees’ level of satisfaction is usually done through a self-administered survey that measures service quality by using the Eventqual scale, as well as perceived value and other attitudinal variables. Experience worldwide with this kind of surveys show that respondents’ segmentation (age, gender, socio-economic group, spending patterns, etc.) are key to determine their perceived level of satisfaction. The objective of the present study was to analyse the satisfaction of crowd, referees, volunteers and athletes attending the University Games 2015 that took place in Granada (Spain), with results showing a high level of satisfaction.
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Şeyban, Lütfi. "Social and political role of ulema in Al-AndalusPapel social y politico de los ulemas en Al-Andalus." Journal of Human Sciences 13, no. 2 (August 21, 2016): 3492. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v13i2.3874.
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The resources containing information about the Islamic scholars including their identity, personal traits, educational background, and educational institutions where they were raised, their own masters and scholars and their disciples are labelled as tabakât or a’lâm books. The records of scholars in Andalusian tabakât books furnish us with detailed information as to the concept of learning and education prevalent in Spain under the influence of Andalusian or Islamic culture in addition to providing invaluable information about the political, social, economic, and especially cultural life at that period.The rich Islamic lifestyle prevalent in the Islamic Spain with all its components is known to have acquired remarkable characteristics thanks to the effect and contribution of cultural components of Iberian Peninsula. The scholars played a great role in the formation of such a diversified and rich social environment in all respects as they did in all other aspects of Andalusian culture. ResumenEn la historia del Islam, las fuentes de las que obtenemos datos sobre la identidad, la personalidad, la vida escolar, los lugares de formación, los tutores y discípulos de los ulemas se denominan libros de tabakát (anales onomásticos biográficos oficiales) o a’lám. Las anotaciones hechas por los ulemas en dichos libros nos ofrecen informaciones concretas sobre la vida intelectual y la educación en Al Ándalus, la España musulmana, además de darnos detalles importantes de la vida política, social, financiera y, especialmente, de la vida cultural de aquella sociedad.Hemos de tener en cuenta el papel que ejercieron los ulemas en todos los ámbitos de la vida andalusí, en todos aquellos asuntos que conciernen íntimamente a los valores, en la vida de las gentes de todas las clases sociales y en la creación de todas las formas y etapas de adquisición de dichos valores.
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Martínez-Roget, Fidel, Pilar Freire Esparís, and Emilia Vázquez-Rozas. "University Student Satisfaction and Skill Acquisition: Evidence from the Undergraduate Dissertation." Education Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 25, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci10020029.
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One of the main objectives of the Undergraduate Dissertation is to evaluate the skills associated with a degree. Student satisfaction with the training and skills acquired can be an indicator of the quality of higher education. This paper aims to analyse student satisfaction with Undergraduate Dissertation at the Faculty of Economics of the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). Based on a survey conducted among 130 students (75.7% of a total of 172 students who presented their UD during the academic year 2013–2014), structural equation modelling was applied to analyse the influence on satisfaction of aspects related to intellectual curiosity and the perception of acquired skills. The results show that the perception of the skills acquired play a crucial role in students’ satisfaction with Undergraduate Satisfaction, conditioned by their perceived future usefulness and backed by personality and motivation elements that encourage their acquisition. The results confirm the significant role played by the tutor, who emerges as an element that boosts the central relations of the model.
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Cuthbert, Carol Elaine, and F. Owen Skae. "Employability tautological trauma." Education + Training 63, no. 6 (July 5, 2021): 939–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-08-2020-0235.
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PurposeThis paper explores the institutional and economic drivers of employability, as existing literature focuses on the individual and skills aspects, of employability. Tertiary institutions, possessing a strong academic reputation and standing amongst potential employers, will achieve high graduate employability, however when measured, this is not the case.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory study builds on Santos' career boundary theory, recognising organisational boundaries; those related to the labour market, personal-aspects and finally, cultural boundaries (Santos, 2020). 37 Universities that provided their employability rate, within 12 months of graduation for 2020, are analysed. The Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) Ranking, measures drivers in terms of institutional reputation through survey responses, and partnerships with employers via research and placement data.FindingsThe regression explained 19% of the variation between the number of graduates being employed and the institutional and economic drivers. Universities in the same economic context, do not have the same number of employed students. Equally, those universities with the most favourable academic reputation, do not have the most employed student rate.Research limitations/implicationsOnly 37 universities provided all their employability data, thus, research with a larger sample will have to be conducted, but equally more needs to be done to establish why the smaller universities are unable to submit all the required data.Originality/valueAn exploratory understanding of the institutional and economic drivers of employability, is provided.
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Calviño-Cancela, María, and Nuria Cañizo-Novelle. "Human dimensions of wildfires in NW Spain: causes, value of the burned vegetation and administrative measures." PeerJ 6 (September 26, 2018): e5657. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5657.
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Exploring the human dimensions of forest fires is a crucial, although often overlooked, aspect of wildfire research, since wildfires often have important socio-economic impacts and humans are nowadays the main cause of wildfires in many areas of the world. We carried out a telephone survey (N = 345 interviews) in one of the most fire-prone areas in Europe (NW Spain) in order to assess citizens’ awareness about wildfire causes and risks, their perception of the value of the vegetation and of administrative measures to fight against fires. Perceptions of respondents about fire causes were in general realistic although fires caused by pyromaniacs and for profit were overestimated, while vegetation management was comparatively underestimated. Citizens were broadly aware of the fire risk associated with different vegetation types, rightly considering native oak forests and agricultural fields as less risky than shrublands and pine and eucalypt plantations. Tree-dominated vegetation was more valued than treeless formations, and native forests more than tree plantations, which seems related to a preference for ecological value over utilitarian considerations. In addition, the value of eucalypt plantations was clearly affected by the education level of respondents, being less valued as the education level increased. Most citizens considered that the administration was not doing enough to fight against fires. The law that compels landowners to reduce fuels in wildland-urban interfaces was considered effective by most respondents (72%), but 50% considered it difficult to implement by landowners. This may explain the poor degree of compliance of this law.
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Vevere, Velga, Consuelo Resentini, Marcos Garcia Alfaya, and Angel Muniz Mejuto. "Cultural Adaptation of Erasmus Students in Latvia and Host University Responsibility." Economics and Culture 14, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jec-2017-0017.
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AbstractInternationalisation of education and student mobility (incoming and outgoing) has become a significant factor in the sphere of higher education. These processes lead to interaction between local students and exchange students, as well as between exchange students and host universities. Being in the foreign country for a certain period (one or two semesters) requires some cultural and social adaptation that could or could not be problematic for various reasons. In order to maximise benefits for the exchange students and host universities, it is important to identify existing problems and to offer possible solutions. The aim of the current paper is to research the critical aspects of cultural adaptation process of ERASMUS students in Latvia. The international group that consists of a professor of the University College of Economics and Culture and three exchange students from Italy and Spain carried out the research. The empirical methods used were the following: a survey of ERASMUS students (non-probability purposive sampling) and semi-structured interviews with the host university ERASMUS coordinators. The data processing methods were the descriptive statistics as well as the thematic content analysis. On the basis of critical issues identified during the research process, the authors worked a set of practical solutions aimed at the host institutions.
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Choi, Bomi, Hayoung Park, Susanna Joo, Yoon-Myung Kim, and Hyoun K. Kim. "DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY USE AND SOCIAL CAPITAL: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF SOCIAL CLASS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 581–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2185.
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Abstract This study aims to elucidate the heterogeneous associations between digital technology use and social capital by social class. The sample comprises 315 Korean older people who are 65 years old or older and participated in an online survey. Digital technology use was measured by the frequency of independent use in four areas of digital technology: primary, cultural, economic, and public areas. Social capital was measured with ten items asking the perceived support availability from both online and offline relationships. Social class was measured with education, household income, and subjective social position to reflect both objective and subjective aspects of social class. Using SPSS 25 PROCESS Macro 3.5, linear regression with moderation analyses was performed. A simple slope and the region of significance were tested for a significant interaction. Results showed that subjective social position significantly moderated the relationship between digital technology use and social capital. The positive association between digital technology use and social capital was strengthened when the level of subjective social position was higher. Education and household income did not moderate the relationship between digital technology use and social capital. The results of this study indicate that the effects of digital technology use vary depending on perceived aspects of social class. This study also demonstrates that people with higher social classes enjoy more benefits from digitalization, supporting digital inequality among the older population.
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Guerras, Juan-Miguel, María-José Belza, María-José Fuster, Luis de la Fuente, Patricia García de Olalla, David Palma, Jorge-Néstor García-Pérez, and Juan Hoyos. "Knowledge and Prior Use of HIV Self-Testing in Madrid and Barcelona among Men Who Have Sex with Men More than One Year after Its Legal Authorization in Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031096.
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This study assessed the knowledge and prior use of HIV self-testing in a sample of men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited in a sexual health clinic and two community-based testing sites in Madrid and Barcelona, >12 months after its legal authorization. Between March 2019 and December 2020, we recruited 2044 MSM. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire while waiting to be tested for HIV and other STIs. We built two Poisson regression models to assess factors associated with prior knowledge and with use. Among those who had used self-testing in the past we assessed frequency of use and several aspects related to the last testing episode. The proportion of participants that knew about the existence of self-testing and had already used it was of 26.3% and 5.1% respectively. Both, knowledge and use were independently associated with being born in Spain or other western European countries, university education and more recent HIV testing. Additionally, knowledge was associated with older age, having a more favorable economic situation, and not living sexuality in total secrecy. Use was also associated with having received money in exchange for sex. Most (69.5%) reported having self-tested once, 64.8% had self-tested <12 months ago, 63.8% self-tested alone and 71.4% acquired the kit at a pharmacy over the counter. In spite of its authorization and becoming legally available, knowledge and use of HIV self-testing remain low among MSM attending sites specialized in the diagnosis of HIV and other STIs. When designing scale-up strategies, lower levels of knowledge and use in less favored subgroups of MSM need to be factored in.
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Kalinowska-Sufinowicz, Baha, and Magdalena Knapińska. "YOUTH AND COVID-19 IN CHOSEN EUROPEAN UNION LABOUR MARKETS: FROM JUNK JOBS TO UNEMPLOYMENT." Polityka Społeczna 577, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8734.
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The main purpose of the paper is to consider the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on the situation of youth in chosen countries of the European Union in the years 2009–2021. The study area includes four countries: Poland, Germany, Spain and France. The structure of the paper is following. At first, the concepts of precarity and labour market theories are presented. Then the statistical analysis of the situation of young people in Polish, German, Spanish and French labour markets is conducted to assess the economic position of youth in the labour market in the aspect of unemployment and to scrutinise temporary and precarious employment among youth. The principal research interest includes the impact of the pandemic on the situation of youth in the labour market. The conclusion is presented at the end of the paper. The article uses the methods of descriptive statistics and simple statistical measures describing the dynamics of studied phenomena. Main conclusion of the paper is that the labour market in the pandemic era has become hugely challenging for youth. They often work in crisis-sensitive sectors and workplaces. As a result, young people experience increased job insecurity, relatively higher unemployment rate and worse economic conditions compared to total population in the labour market. Due to the results of our analysis implementing the dual education system at the macro level is the strongly recommended solution for improving the situation of youth in the labour market.
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Wieczorek-Szymańska, Anna. "Gender Diversity in Academic Sector—Case Study." Administrative Sciences 10, no. 3 (July 10, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci10030041.
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Diversity is one of the main characteristics of social groups, including work-teams. At the same time, gender is an important aspect of diversity in organizations, and gender diversity deals with the equal representation of men and women in the workplace. This article aims to analyze the issue of gender diversity in the academic sector and to evaluate the organizational maturity of particular universities in gender diversity management. To do so, the method of comparative case studies is used—Polish and Spanish higher education institutions are compared. First of all, the author describes the status of men and women in Poland and in Spain, in general (considering different socio-economic factors). In the next part of the article, the gender structure of employment in both the Polish and the Spanish academic sector is presented. Finally, the analysis of gender diversity in two universities is conducted. Additionally, the author introduces the model of organizational maturity in gender diversity management (OMDM), to evaluate organizational attitudes toward gender diversity and the type of gender diversity policy in universities. The findings reveal that, in both Polish and Spanish societies and economies, there still are barriers that cause inequalities between men and women in the labor market. Considering the situation in the academic sector, it can be said that the gender structure of employment is more balanced in Poland than in Spain. At the same time, the highest positions of full professors are mainly occupied by men both in Poland and in Spain. When analyzing the situation in the organizations, employment is more diverse in the Polish university, but both universities face the same problem—too little representation of women in top job positions. Consequently, both institutions are classified as those which are in the preliminary stage in the model of gender diversity management. This study contributes to a better understanding of the issue of gender diversity by comparing the status of men and women in the academic sector in two countries and in two universities. Additionally, the model of OMDM presented in this article can be a useful tool to assess the policy of gender diversity in different organizations.
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Castello-Sirvent, Fernando. "Spanish Real Estate Bubble: A Classroom Experiment." Multidisciplinary Journal for Education, Social and Technological Sciences 3, no. 2 (October 3, 2016): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/muse.2016.6377.
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<p>The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) requires development of teaching methodologies that encourage active participation by students in the autonomous learning process, taking the figure of the professor as the mediator. On the other hand, the economy is a fundamental aspect in today’s society insofar that it contributes to explaining the behaviour of individuals. In this sense, the experimental economy applied in lecture rooms is presented as an innovative educational procedure that is perfectly adapted to university teaching, since it facilitates acquisition and consolidation of curricular knowledge and favours the development of capabilities by students, whilst at the same time improving the quality of teaching and has a positive impact on the interest students have in the subject. This paper describes the application of an economic experiment as an active learning method to prove the mechanisms used to set prices. The experience took place at the ESIC Business and Marketing School Valencia university centre, within the subject of “Spanish Economy” in Official Business Management and Administration degrees and in Marketing and Sales Management degrees. The starting point for this experience was the work by Radim Boháček (2002), adding changes aimed at empirically explaining inflation, the real estate bubble and subsequent economic crisis in Spain. The obtained results prove that this educational experience favours learning of the economic concepts students study, and stimulates proactive interest in the subject. From the obtained results a second experiment is proposed in order to consolidate concepts concerning price setting mechanisms in the presence of intervention by the Public Sector (taxes and subsidies) or establishing incentives that model collusive behaviour leading to situations where market offers are concentrated in oligopolies.</p>
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Martínez Sánchez, Mª Ángeles, Antonio Muñoz-García, and Cristina Ros Gil. "Perception of the Impact of COVID-19 on a Sample of Spaniards with Hearing Disabilities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 1460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021460.
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This paper describes an empirical study carried out with 40 Spanish deaf people, users of sign language, between 19 and 45 years of age, which gathers their perceptions of aspects related to the incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic and its repercussions. During the pandemic, people with hearing disabilities, among other groups, were forgotten. They suffered from accessibility problems to the information issued by the authorities, violating their right to be informed and exposing their health to COVID-19. In this work, we identify the problems they suffered and what effects COVID-19 had on their lives. This will help to take the appropriate measures to restore their rights and design policies and strategies to deal with any new future health emergency. For this, an ad hoc questionnaire was designed, adapted to easy reading and sign language. This was publicized via email and WhatsApp through the Association of Deaf People of Granada and Province (Spain) and was responded to online and by video call with the collaboration of sign language interpreters using the LimeSurvey platform. The results discover (1) the difficulties of communication barriers in the relationship with health professionals and institutions, as well as in the spheres of work and education, (2) similarities with the rest of the population in the negative effects of confinement, and (3) presence of positive effects, such as the development of positive activities and emotions. The study highlights the need to increase economic and institutional support aimed at improving coping resources, access to information, and the reduction of social and institutional barriers that would allow people with hearing disabilities to successfully face future health problems of a global nature such as that experienced with COVID-19.
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Méndiz-Noguero, Alfonso, Miguel de-Aguilera-Moyano, and Eddy Borges-Rey. "Young People’s Attitudes towards and Evaluations of Mobile TV." Comunicar 18, no. 36 (March 1, 2011): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c36-2011-02-08.
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Mobile communication systems are responsible for the significant changes that are taking place in cultural practices. The mobile phone has established itself as a portable, multi-use, interactive device that individuals use to enable them to manage important aspects of their work and leisure time. This article is based on research that aims to understand the phenomenon of mobile TV, the related trends (in terms of experiences, ideas, and models), and the type of user that operates this device. This article also analyses the values and perceptions of users as well as the benefits and drawbacks they encounter when using mobile TV. The study develops a mobile TV content test by using a viewing experience among 100 students from the universities of Malaga and Seville, in Spain. Structured questionnaires with closed questions are used with qualitative techniques that promote virtual discussion in forums that focuses on face-to-face groups. Altogether, the study has enabled the development of a theoretical model of the phenomenon of mobile TV, and has classified user preferences in terms of ergonomic technology, delivery dynamics, the economic value of services, and consumption patterns and scenarios. The main results focus on participants’ evaluations of mobile media narrative and the cross-platform experience.Una porción significativa de los cambios que en la actualidad experimentan las prácticas culturales puede encontrarse en el ecosistema de las comunicaciones móviles. En este sentido, el teléfono móvil comienza a postularse como el dispositivo multiuso, portable e interactivo que los individuos utilizan en su quehacer cotidiano, ofreciéndoles la posibilidad de gestionar importantes parcelas de su tiempo productivo y de ocio. La investigación en la que descansa este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender el fenómeno de la TV móvil, qué tendencias sigue –experiencias, reflexiones, modelos–, y qué tipo de usuario se sirve de ellas; así como sus percepciones, valoraciones, ventajas e inconvenientes que encuentran. El diseño metodológico ha contemplado el testeo de la experiencia de visionar contenidos de televisión móvil en un grupo de 100 estudiantes de las Universidades de Málaga y Sevilla mediante cuestionarios estructurados de preguntas cerradas y técnicas cualitativas que comprendían foros de discusión virtuales y grupos focales presenciales. En su conjunto, el estudio ha permitido elaborar un modelo teórico sobre la televisión móvil, pero también una tipología de uso relativa a las preferencias del usuario en cuanto a la ergonomía tecnológica, dinámica de distribución, valor económico del servicio, y patrones y escenarios de consumo. Los resultados más relevantes se centran en las valoraciones que los participantes formulan sobre narrativa propia para el medio móvil y la experiencia multiplataforma.
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García-Cano Torrico, María, and Esther Márquez Lepe. "Educación intercultural y aprendizaje cooperativo. La experiencia de España." CPU-e, Revista de Investigación Educativa, no. 3 (January 28, 2013): 53–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/cpue.v0i3.177.
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El artículo describe el trabajo de coordinación del proyecto europeo CLIEC (Cooperative Learning in European Contexts) denominado AMIGHA en su versión castellana (Aprendizaje Multicultural e Instructivo con Grupos Heterogéneos en el Aula). Para ello, el primer aspecto que aborda es la contextualización de la Interculturalidad en España, tanto desde el punto de vista político-legislativo como sociodemográfico. En segundo lugar, el artículo presenta una breve descripción y análisis de las actuaciones y experiencias obtenidas tras los tres años en los que se ha desarrollado el proyecto CLIEC, las reflexiones de las autoras en torno a los factores de éxito así como sobre aquellos aspectos que han impedido un completo desarrollo. En tercer lugar, se explicitan los principios fundamentales que, de acuerdo con el CLIEC, han de orientar la Educación Intercultural en las aulas con el objetivo de avanzar hacia un concepto más dinámico del que hasta ahora ha priorizado en el contexto educativo español y en Europa. Finaliza perfilando algunas líneas futuras de reflexión y acción derivadas de dicha experiencia.AbstractThe paper we are proposing has the object to describe the European Project CLIEC (Cooperative Learning in European Contexts), renamed into the spanish version as AMIGHA (Aprendizaje Multicultural e Instructivo con Grupos Heterogéneos en el Aula). Firstly, the article show the politico-legislative view referred to Interculturality and Attention to diversity in Spain and the socio-cultural context together with its economic reality. Secondly, we describe and analyse in brief the actions and experiences we have obtained along the three years we have developed the CLIEC project. Third, we are proposing the principal points, that according with the CLIEC, have to direct the Intercultural Education in order to move forward a more dynamic concept, “beyond the immigrant population”, envisaged as the unique category that builds interculturality at the educational area. Finally, we outline some future lines of reflection and action arise from this experience.
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Hemalatha, Sruthi Anilkumar, T. V. Sekher, and Nawaj Sarif. "GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CAREGIVING PRACTICES AND MARITAL RELATIONSHIPS OF SANDWICH GENERATION COUPLES IN MUMBAI." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.347.
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Abstract Over the next few decades, the most important demographic trend for the Asia Pacific region will be population aging. The increasing aging population in India and the fact that the economic dependence of the older adults is high and the cost of education and child care is on the rise pose serious challenges to generations of individuals and couples who are expected to take care of both their children and their parents. This study's primary objective is to comprehensively understand the effects of giving care to their children and their parents on various aspects of the life of sandwich generation couples. The study uses primary data of 300 multigenerational households and 100 two-generation/one-generation households in Mumbai. Specifically, the study attempts to understand the effect of giving care to two generations on the marital relationship of the caregiving couples. Additionally, the study also explores gender differences in caregiving practices. Results from bivariate and multivariate analyses show that providing simultaneous care to two generations significantly impacts the marital relationship of the sandwiched couples as opposed to couples staying in one/two-generation households. Results also show considerable gender differences in caregiving roles and time spent on caregiving. Women spend more time assisting in household activities, while men are more likely to provide monetary support. Thus, extensive research on the sandwich generation in India is necessary to ensure the socio-economic well-being of the couples, the welfare of their children and parents, and the physical and psychosocial health of these couples.
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Koompai, Somjintana, and Joël Royer. "How Do National Cultures Affect Quality of Life in Europe During the COVID-19 Pandemic?" Emerging Science Journal 6 (February 7, 2022): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2022-sper-02.
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Objectives: This study aimed to explore the six cultural dimensions of Geert Hofstede that affect perceptions of quality of life in 26 European countries during the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020–March 2021): (1) Quality of life, (2) Democracy and trust, (3) Working during COVID-19, (4) Financial situation, (5) Support during COVID-19, and (6) Health care during COVID-19. Many studies are not conclusive on which dimensions of national culture affect the spread and death rate of COVID-19. The researchers, therefore, consider that studying the pandemic from the perception of quality can prevent its spread and contribute to the care and security of people affected by COVID-19. This study may be another way of providing information to those stakeholders. Method: To determine which aspects of culture affect the quality of life of Europeans during the COVID-19 pandemic, the researchers analyzed data through stepwise multiple regression analysis to predict the relationship between independent variables (cultural dimensions) and dependent variables (perceptions of the quality of life). Findings: It was found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, countries with higher power distance and higher uncertainty avoidance had a lower quality of life in several dimensions, mainly in Eastern European countries and Latin European countries (France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain). In the Nordic or Scandinavian countries with higher levels of indulgence, people were more satisfied with their quality of life in spite of the COVID-19 epidemic. Novelty/Improvement:The results may inform policy-makers and stakeholders on how national cultures have both positive (i.e., indulgent and long-term) and negative (high power distance and high uncertainty avoidance) effects on the quality of life of Europeans during the COVID-19 pandemic. There should be (1) short-term measures to provide equal economic measures and public health assistance to reduce anxiety (reduce high power distance and high uncertainty avoidance), (2) medium-term measures to promote education and training to prepare people for new modes of working in the future (decrease high uncertainty avoidance), and (3) long-term measures to cultivate cultures to save for the future and to be optimistic and happy, both mentally and physically (increase long term orientation and indulgence). Doi: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-02 Full Text: PDF
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Viñals, María José, and Lola Teruel. "LA PERSPECTIVA DE LA SOSTENIBILIDAD MEDIOAMBIENTAL EN LOS ESTUDIOS DE MÁSTER Y DOCTORADO EN TURISMO EN ESPAÑA." Cuadernos de Turismo, no. 47 (May 28, 2021): 487–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/turismo.474511.
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La sostenibilidad ambiental y la formación de los recursos humanos son dos factores estructurales de la competitividad de un destino turístico. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es conocer cómo los estudios superiores de máster y doctorado en España abordan los aspectos de sostenibilidad ambiental. La metodología utilizada para abordar este objetivo ha sido el análisis del contenido de los 55 programas académicos de máster (impartidos por 39 universidades) y los 7 de doctorado (impartidos por 18 universidades) a partir de los documentos publicados en el Registro de Universidades, Centros y Títulos del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades de España y en las páginas web de las universidades.
Los resultados obtenidos evidencian la baja incidencia que, por el momento, tiene el concepto de sostenibilidad ambiental en los curricula de los másteres, en las líneas de investigación de los programas de doctorado y en las tesis doctorales presentadas en la última década. También se ha observado que su consideración se aborda de forma puntual y aislada en los programas sin insertarse en visiones integrales.
Además de una cuestión de responsabilidad social y económica en relación con el uso de los recursos naturales, se considera que la sostenibilidad ambiental es el área que permite actualmente un mayor margen de mejora de la oferta de los destinos turísticos para incrementar su competitividad. Por tanto, es responsabilidad de las universidades formar a sus estudiantes en el desarrollo de técnicas y competencias que atiendan a estas necesidades del sector e inculcar una ética de los valores ambientales y el respeto por la naturaleza y el planeta. Environmental sustainability and human resources education are two structural factors in the competitiveness of a tourist destination. The main objective of the current work is to discover how higher education in master and doctoral studies in Spain address aspects of environmental sustainability. The methodology used to attain the objective was the content analysis of 55 academic master's programmes (taught by 39 universities) and 7 doctoral programmes (taught by 18 universities) based on the documents published in the Legal Register of Universities, Colleges and University Qualifications (Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities) and on the websites of the universities.
The obtained results demonstrate that, for the moment, the concept of environmental sustainability has a low impact on the curricula of master's degrees, research lines of the doctoral programmes and on doctoral dissertations presented over the last decade. It has also been noted that environmental sustainability is addressed without being inserted into comprehensive visions.
Beyond a question of social and economic responsibility in relation to the use of natural resources, environmental sustainability is a key area for improvement in the framework of the tourism offerin many destinations to increase their competitiveness. It is, therefore, the responsibility of universities to educate their students in the development of techniques and skills that meet these needs of the sector and to instil them with an ethic of environmental values and respect for nature and the planet.
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Cherkasova, E. "Spain and Crisis: Political Aspects." World Economy and International Relations, no. 9 (2013): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2013-9-33-41.
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The article considers the causes and the nature of the economic crisis which was a heavy blow for Spanish economy being in need of structural reforms. The domestic political consequences of the crisis included the change of government, the emergence of new protest movements and strengthening of separatism. Under the Brussels' pressure, Spain was forced to make significant adjustments to its national anti-crisis strategy which had a high social price. Particular attention is given to relations with the EU and the impact of the crisis on the country's foreign policy.
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Engleman, Stephen R., and John F. Forbes. "Economic aspects of health education." Social Science & Medicine 22, no. 4 (January 1986): 443–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(86)90049-3.
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Bezerra, Italla Maria Pinheiro. "State of the art of nursing education and the challenges to use remote technologies in the time of Corona Virus Pandemic." Journal of Human Growth and Development 30, no. 1 (April 14, 2020): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.v30.10087.
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Introduction: The Corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic caused, among others, the need for colleges and universities managers around the world to reinvent new ways of providing education preserving its good quality at the same time. With the new ordinances of the Ministry of Education and Health, all courses can use remote methodologies for the continuity on the current school year. With new challenges and paradigms emerging from this methodological proposal: provide for the user the feeling of immersion, of being in the class room, from the navigation and interaction in this virtual environment, at the same time that the educator, respecting the educational principles and the pedagogical approach that he believes, does not transform this moment into a simple distance education.
Objective: to describe the state of the art on nursing education and the challenges of using remote technologies in the time of Corona virus pandemic.
Methods: this is a reflective study based on secondary sources of literature relevant to the theme, considering articles from national and international journals and recent productions on education, health training, remote technologies, COVId-19 and public health.
Results: it is evident that experiencing the effects of the corona virus pandemic (COVID-19) in the health educational sector, especially in the field of nursing, goes beyond a structural reorganization of courses. It implies change attitude of managers, teachers and students to reformulate educational practices (sometimes with traditional tools), with innovative practices preserving a methodology that provides to the student criticality reflection, dialogue, bonding and interaction; elements that are part of a training aimed at transformation, empowerment and not just the transmission of knowledge. In this context, the COVID-19 pandemic caused paradigm shifts perhaps not yet overcome by health science institutions , because when they perceived themselves within a reality that generated changes in the political, economic, cultural and social aspects at a global level, they had to reinvent and insert new ways of teaching in their work process; they had to discuss different educational approaches and, given the needs to readjust health teaching methods, they inserted remote technologies as essential tools to meet the real need for continuity of classes in non-face-to-face model. For many, it is a challenge, as it currently permeates a reflection on the attention of distance learning in the field of nursing and other courses in the health area. However, as it opened up to discussions about new ways of teaching mediated by innovation, it can be said that this will be one of the greatest impact of the pandemic in benefit the education: the contribution of new information and communication technologies in the teaching-learning process for training in health, as well as the reflection on distance education and its concepts, differentiating it from the concepts of remote methodology and the use of technologies.
Conclusion: In nursing education, the discussion related to the use of remote technologies in the classroom has always been a point of debate. However, with the need to include these tools for the continuity of classes in the non-face-to-face model resulting from the social isolation strategy motivated by the pandemic of COVID-19, it can provide an opportunity to have a new look on the subject and perhaps there is an opportunity to expand the debate on the use of remote methodologies in health education, seeking a reflection on their interaction with the other teaching methods already implemented.
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Mérida Serrano, Rosario, Ana Panzuela García, Miguel Muñoz Moya, and María Elena González-Alfaya. "Motivaciones y obstáculos en la práctica del fútbol femenino en Córdoba (Motivations and obstacles in the practice of female football in Córdoba (Spain))." Retos 46 (September 28, 2022): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.88305.
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El objetivo que orienta este trabajo es identificar qué motivaciones y obstáculos perciben las mujeres futbolistas de fútbol de competición. Para ello se exploran los orígenes del fútbol, entendido como deporte exclusivamente masculino, así como sus repercusiones en la escasa presencia de las mujeres en los clubes de fútbol en la actualidad. En el estudio se aplica un método cuantitativo, mediante la aplicación de la escala denominada ESOFUM (Escala de análisis de las motivaciones y los obstáculos de las mujeres para la práctica de fútbol competitivo) a 189 jugadoras pertenecientes a siete . Se lleva a cabo un análisis descriptivo e inferencial de los datos derivados de la escala elaborada ad hoc. Los resultados fueron: (1) La principal motivación que manifiestan las mujeres para practicar fútbol competitivo es la búsqueda de su bienestar personal –salud, aspecto físico, equilibrio psicológico e interacción social-; y (2) Los estereotipos de género derivados de una cultura patriarcal vinculados a la feminidad y a la maternidad, junto con las pésimas condiciones económicas y laborales que afectan a la práctica del fútbol femenino profesional, obstaculizan la práctica profesional de este deporte por parte de las mujeres. Por los beneficios que genera, es necesario promover acciones, y que estas se adapten a las características y demandas de las jugadoras, que dignifiquen su práctica y transformen la visión masculinizada que existe actualmente de este deporte. Abstract. The main goal that guides this work is to identify what motivations and obstacles women football players perceive in the practice of competitive football. For this purpose, the origins of football, understood as an exclusively male sport, are explored, as well as its repercussions on the scarce presence of women in today's competitive football clubs. The study is based on a quantitative method by applying the ESOFUM scale (Scale of analysis of the motivations and obstacles of women for the practice of competitive football) to 189 players from seven clubs in the province of Córdoba (Spain). A descriptive and inferential analysis of the data derived from the ad hoc scale is carried out. The following results were drawn: (1) What motivates women primarily to play competitive football is the pursuit of their personal well-being -health, physical appearance, psychological balance and social interaction; and (2) Gender stereotypes derived from a patriarchal culture, linked to femininity and motherhood, together with the poor economic and working conditions that affect the practice of professional women's football, hinder the professional practice of this sport by women. Due to the multiple benefits that this sport generates, it is necessary to promote measures, and that these be adapted to the characteristics and demands of the female players, that dignify their efforts and transform the masculinised vision of this sport that still exists in our society nowadays.
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Flinchpaugh, Steven G. "Economic Aspects of the Viceregal Entrance in Mexico City." Americas 52, no. 3 (January 1996): 345–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1008005.
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On November 4, 1640, a ship two months out of Cádiz entered the harbor of Veracruz and dropped anchor opposite the fortress of San Juan de Ulúa. On board was the new Viceroy of the Kingdom of New Spain, the Duque de Escalona, Diego López Pacheco. The viceroy’s arrival in Veracruz was but the first act in the elaborate drama of colonial government. Escalona and his party tarried in the port, passing the time inspecting the king’s troops and fortifications while they recuperated from the crossing and prepared for the journey to Mexico City. Accompanied by a mounted escort, gentlemen from the towns and cities of New Spain, a retinue of priests, servants and relatives, a herd of sheep, cattle, and other livestock, and by a baggage train carrying the stores of food and wines he brought with him from Spain, the viceroy would climb from sea level to the central meseta of New Spain, an ascent of nearly 8000 feet. The trip to Mexico City was a time for introductions, feasts, toasts, and pageants; but, it was also a time for politics, as the local notables, merchants, and government officials who accompanied the viceroy’s party vied for a favorable processional position and attempted to arrange a place at court for themselves, their relatives, and clients. Each village or town through which the viceroy passed would welcome him according to local custom and means. In larger towns like Puebla, this meant sumptuous entertainment, a procession to the cathedral followed by a reception and banquet. The viceroy could expect a more humble, but no less colorful reception when he passed through one of the dozens of smaller Indian communities along the route.
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Castells, A. "Catalonia and Spain at the crossroads: financial and economic aspects." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 30, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 277–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/gru022.
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López-Valcárcel, Beatriz González, and Delia Dávila Quintana. "Economic and cultural impediments to university education in Spain." Economics of Education Review 17, no. 1 (February 1998): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7757(97)00010-1.
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Fernández Espinosa, Verónica. "HISTORY OF EDUCATION REFORMS IN SPAIN." Analele Universităţii din Craiova seria Istorie 27, no. 1 (July 15, 2022): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52846/aucsi.2022.1.01.
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This work provides a succinct historical overview of the history of the Spanish education system from 1812, date of the first Spanish Constitution, until 1970 at the end of the Francoist era in Spain, highlighting the legislative milestones and contextualising them within the larger political landscape in which they took place. The paper will go on to describe the basic legislation which has regulated the Spanish education system since 1970 describing some of their most significant aspects, from the General Education Law (LGE) of 1970 to the Organic Law Modifying the Organic Law for Education (LOMLOE) which came into force in 2020.
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Mashkova, I. V., A. M. Kostriukova, and V. V. Trofimenko. "Economic aspects in medical education, interdisciplinary approach." Вестник Челябинского государственного университета. Образование и здравоохранение, no. 2 (2022): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/2409-4102-2022-10209.
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Cherkasova, E. "Spain: Opinion on European Integration." World Economy and International Relations, no. 11 (2014): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2014-11-48-53.
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The article analyzes the changes that characterize Spanish approach to political aspects of European integration, and more specifically, the approach of different political parties to the process. Spanish political circles and even think tanks pay relatively little attention to theoretical aspects of European integration, whereas practical relations with the EU are of paramount importance. This is due to the fact that the question of belonging to the EU was settled in Spain long ago and definitively. Majoritarian character of Spanish democracy facilitates the transfer of powers from Brussels to Madrid, i.e. objectively favors the choice of federalization. Nevertheless, Spain continues to upload its national preferences onto the EU decision-making process. In recent years, Spain’s influence and authority in the EU have declined because of the economic crisis. This loss of authority will be overcome as soon as the economic growth is resumed. Constantly emphasizing its belonging to the core of the EU, the “Old Europe”, and to the core of the euro zone, maintaining close relationship with the Latin group within the EU, Spain has consistently advocated a united and strong Europe with a Common Foreign and Security Policy.
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Baita-Saavedra, Cordal-Iglesias, Filgueira-Vizoso, and Castro-Santos. "Economic Aspects of a Concrete Floating Offshore Wind Platform in the Atlantic Arc of Europe." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (October 25, 2019): 4122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214122.
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The objective of this paper is to examine the economic aspects of a concrete offshore wind floating platform in the Atlantic Arc of Europe (Portugal and Spain). The life-cycle cost of a concrete floating offshore wind platform is considered to calculate the main economic parameters that will define the economic feasibility of the offshore wind farm. The case of study is the concrete floating offshore wind platform Telwind®, a spar platform with a revolutionary way of installing using a self-erecting telescopic tower of the wind turbine. In addition, the study analyses thirteen locations in Spain and twenty in Portugal, including the Atlantic islands of both countries. Results indicate that the economically feasible location to install a concrete offshore wind farm composed of concrete platforms is the Canary Islands (Spain) and Flores (Portugal).
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Rodríguez Izquierdo, Rosa Maria. "The Research on Intercultural Education in Spain." education policy analysis archives 17 (February 15, 2009): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v17n4.2009.
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This paper reviews the scientific literature, both quantitative and qualitative, referred to several aspects of intercultural education in Spain from 1990 until 2008. The core themes found in the literature are the following: 1) schooling of immigrants and ethnic minorities, 2) models of intervention and educative proposals, 3) bilingual and linguistic diversity, 4) attitudes towards other cultures, and 5) intercultural citizenship and intercultural identity. Finally, it shows new open fields or gaps that are identified in the literature reviewed, and suggests ideas and strategies to strengthen intercultural research in the near future.
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Triani, Lili, Sofia Hartati, and R. Sri Martini Meilani. "Tueak Serembeak: The Role of Parenting in Early Character Development and Education." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 15, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.152.05.
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The challenge of implementing character education has an impact on the development of children's character. This study aims to describe the form of parenting using tueak serembeak in early character development and education in the Rejang tribe. This qualitative research uses a case study method with two male respondents. Data was collected by documentation, interviews, observations, and field notes and analysed using the Miles and Huberman stages. The theoretical study as the basis of research shows that tueak serembeak can form twelve characters in early childhood, responsibility, courage to take decisions, sharing, caring, survival, tenacity, cooperation, hard work, never give up, keep the spirit, dare to accept challenges, and be patient in dealing with problems. However, the findings in the field show that there are only four characters that appear, being responsible, sharing, caring and patient in dealing with problems. Other characters that appear not based on the teachings of tueak serembeakare independent, creative, and friendly characters. This happens because of the influence of external intervention, education in Air Raman Village, which has developed, advanced technology and open community life. A suggestion for further research, is experimental research based on tueak serembeak teachings that can explain more clearly the influence of this teaching on other aspects of child development.
Keywords: Early Character Development, Parenting, Tueak Serembeak
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