Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Éducation des femmes – 16e siècle'
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Fournaraki, Eleni. ""Institutrice, femme et mère" : idées sur l'éducation des femmes grecques au XIXème siècle (1830-1880)." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070046.
Full textThis thesis analyses the ideas concerning women's education during the first fifty years of the independent greek state. The liberal atmosphere of the national revolution (1821), the echoes of the englightment, the influence of phihellenes (for exemple protestant missionaries who created girl's schools in greece) and - mainly - the dominant ideology of breaking with the oriental past of "despotism and ignorance" have encouraged the emergence of an egalitarian dialogue supporting women's right to attend school (in 1834 the primary level of girl's education is institutionalized and made obligatory just as for boys). Some greek intellectuals seem concerned with the role of mothers or "companions" of the "(future) free citizens", but they clearly perceive the objective of girl's instruction as different from that of "future citizens". By the years 1860, through the influence of medical theories concerning the "specificity" of "womens nature", the notion of difference between the two sexes becomes more "rationalized"; and the model "call" of women, their domestic "mission", is re-defined: future mothers, "natural pedagogues", would be the first to educate the very young childhood and to transmit the national ideology to their progeny. The specificity of girls' education be comes a matter of special though, on the basis of "the superior qualities" of "woman nature", an "elevated and profound" instruction for women is justified. However, this process shuts women into the domestic sphere and provides arguments in order to fight
La, Charité Claude, and Marie de Romieu. "L'Instruction pour les jeunes dames (1572) de Marie de Romieu : un traité de savoir-"paraître" à l'usage des femmes." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040083.
Full textDubesset, Mathilde, and Michelle Zancarini-Fournel. "Parcours de femmes : réalités et représentations : Saint-Etienne : 1880-1950." Lyon 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO20006.
Full textHeitz-Muller, Anne-Marie. ""Je ne suis qu'une pauvre femme. . . Comme disent certains" : les effets de la Réformation sur la vie et la vocation spirituelle des Strasbourgeoises du XVIe siècle (1521-1549)." Strasbourg 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR20057.
Full textHistorians agree that Reformation brought deep modifications to the life of women in the XVIth century, but they are divided on the nature and the signification of these changes. Our research, which has focused on many texts of the XVIth century – treaties, notices, letters, biblical commentaries, sermons – and in particular on those written by the leaders of the evangelical movement in Strasbourg, leads us to think that the influence of Reformation was beneficial for the everyday life as well as for the spiritual vocation of women in Strasbourg: these women were able to take advantage of the ideas of Reformation and at the same time to use evangelical arguments to define leading roles for themselves
Miech, Stéphanie. "L'éducation des filles chez les romancières au siècle des Lumières." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN21009.
Full textThe ardent reflections of the Age of Enlightenment writers leads them to an awareness of the decline in the moral standards of their contemporary society and thence to an inquiring look at the educational system. They are particularly concerned with the education of girls, the future mothers who would be bringing up and educating the men of the new generation. On the fringe of the debate, women authors are also grappling with a problem they are especially concerned about and they realize that the novel is a tremendously effective means of expressing their criticisms, theories and ideals dashed hopes, unfulfilled dreams and grievances towards men and society whose treatment of women is so unfair. Their reflections on education, on the role and place of women in society, are vigorously supported by such philosophers and theorists as Saint François de Sales, Fénelon, Mme de Maintenon, Mme de Lambert and, later on, by Rousseau and other philosophers who find food for thought during the enriching discussions that take place in the salons the Age of Enlightenment women writers so competently hold. The heroines of their tales, short stories and novels are nurtured on the principles of the classical ideal but, little by little, to these embodiments of Christian virtues tinged with stoicism, they introduce weakness that make them more human. Throughout the century and beyond many will be renowned for their herosim and determination : they are active and energetic, fight successfully against adversity and courageously take their lives in hand. Towards the end of the century, women authors are pondering over the ethics of duty and demand a more humane moral doctrine in society. Marriage is a choice theme that enables them to expose their vision of love and serves as a framework for their criticisms of a society in which young girls are considered as objects and women as second-rate citizens without rights or belongings in adversity. However, the novelists' feminism remains ambiguous and timid. The authors are subjected to the rules of etiquette and public opinion that is imbued with Christian morality and will later be disappointed by the Revolution and its promises to their sex ; they dream of more social equality, calm relationships between man and wife and of respect for themselves. Their feminism, their defence against male misconduct, rely on feminine solidarity which is the distinctive hallmark of the fictional literature of the Age of Enlightenment
Codet, Cécile. "Femmes et éducation en Espagne à l'aube des temps modernes (1454 - fin des années 1520)." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0955/document.
Full textThe didactic literature specifically dedicated to women has been analyzed in a very paradoxical way by scholars: neglected because it is allegedly deprived of literary interest, its normative force tends, on the contrary, to be overvalued. In this work, we mean to go further than this apparent paradox, analyzing a corpus of twenty texts of various literary genres, whose common point is, apart from historical and geographical data, to look for educating, instructing or edifying women. In order to achieve those pedagogical aims, the authors implement discursive strategies that we have to study. By doing so they reveal the nuances and contradictions of a teaching that is far from being uniform, in so far as each author transmit, depending on his opinions, the circumstances of the publication of his work, etc., a message of his own. Therefore, we don’t have to consider these texts as so many expressions of a single and unique ideology which would be imposed to women, inasmuch as the very coherence of this ideology can be questioned. Moreover, the women to which the works we are going to study are destined can adopt, towards them, some attitudes that are very different from those imagined by their authors. Thus, didactic literature can become an instrument in power games and struggles in which education is very far from being the only preoccupation of the authors or their dedicatees. Our work aims at a better knowledge of all the richness and ambiguities of this corpus, in order to show that it could be read in very different perspectives
Pascal, Catherine. "La tradition des Femmes Illustres aux XVIème et XVIIème siècles." Montpellier 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON30020.
Full textStemming from the tradition inaugurated by Boccace, the theme of "Illustrious Women" and the anthologies gathering exemplary "biographies" enjoy a growing success during the XVIth century to reach a peak in the first and particularly brilliant years of Ann of Austria's regency until the eve of the Fronde, while a distinct increase of women's prestige can be noticed in the social and political fields. Against the current of a traditionally misogynous doxy and literature which, resting upon a collection of ideas, beliefs and myths inherited from Antiquity and the Middle Ages, considered woman as an inferior, despicale "animal", that could even be dangerous for the family and for society, these elitist writings, based upon an aristocratic ideology, but nevertheless finding a wide audience, exalt the exceptional virtues of a relatively restricted number of scrupulously chosen women whose merit was consecrated by History or by the Bible. At the time of the social Counter-Reformation, some authors, religious for the most part, put forward these women as examples or models of secular saintliness to the female members of a nobility which has to be reconciled with piety. After studying the development of the discourse on the "Illustrious" in the world which created it, this work without neglecting their edifying value, first of all tries to examine the anthologies of the "corpus" on a serial and narrative point of view, by focusing on the analysis of the complex relations woven between the narrative and the image. Then, it makes an inventory of the different forms of women's heroism, by putting back the issue in the more general debate on the rivalry of the various types of glory, opposing a secular moral code -that of the World- to a religious one -that of God. Finally, it tries to assess the effects of this kind of literature on the female readership to which it is specifically destined
Cherrad, Sonia. "La littérature éducative au miroir des Lumières : étude du discours pédagogique féminin de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle (1756-1801)." Rennes 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN20010.
Full textThe objective of this study is to look at feminine pedagogical literature during the Age of Enlightenment in a new way. Up to now, it has been considered as childish, feminine and pedagogical literature on the whole. Moreover, it has never been the subject of a comprehensive study. Using a corpus of fictitious and reflexive texts by female authors of the second half of the 18th century, well-known or not so well-known and completed by several texts from the same period, we have found that this literature participated fully during the 18th century in questioning education theories and practices. As well, fictional texts offer a reflection about society, politics and economy and establish models for what could be desirable governments. These authors had the ambitious project of offering a new approach to the public about the ways to regenerate society through improved education on one hand and through forms of virtuous governements on the other. Finally, beyond the diversity in forms and the religious, philosophical and political convictions of the authors, we have found that there are converging pedagogical, social and political ideas among these Age of Enlightenment female writers
Chollet, Mathilde. "Une ambition féminine au siècle des Lumières : éducation et culture au château : les journaux de Mme de Marans (1719-1784)." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA3011/document.
Full textMme de Marans (1719-1784) was born in a noble but new family and lives amongst the Bas-Vendômois gentry.She starts writing as a child and keeps private writings her whole life. Three of her diaries, or commonplace books, werepreserved. Form and content of these private writings reveal their author's character, her great culture, the reasons whyshe started writing and her writing practice. Those main sources, Mme de Marans' correspondence and notary sourceshelp reconstituting her education, and the ways her inquiring mind can access knowledge. Mme de Marans takesadvantage of her social network and of the book industry (she even publishes her thoughts in the anonymous Penséeserrantes) to fulfill her ambition of always learning more. Mme de Marans is interested in introspection, ethics, theology,history, science, ancient and modern literature. Topical issues such as nobility's place in society, nature of royal powerand women's rights concern her as well. Mme de Marans shares similarities with other women writers from France orEurope of the Enlightment, but she experiences the same restrictions as her contemporaries in her access toknowledge. Her case is an example of what can be appropriation of ideas in the countryside, and contributes to thereassessment of women's education and culture amongst the 18th century gentry
Sercomanens, Jade. "Les polices du corps féminin : normes et modes de comportement pour les jeunes filles, les épouses et les mères entre Renaissance et Réforme (1488-1589)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUL156.
Full textIn sixteenth-century discourse, women, in their nature deemed weak and easily turned to vice, are considered as having the power to endanger society as a whole. This problem has all the more implications during the years of confessional conflicts. This is why an intention can be seen in the prescriptive texts to ‘police’ women’s bodies and make them as exemplary as possible, so that this exemplarity in their practices is then reflected on the social body. The reading of the selected sources – which include behavioural manuals, sermons, moral treatises and literary sources – makes it possible to understand the way in which the various authors, whether humanist, catholic or reformed, sought to shape the bodies of young girls, wives and mothers. This is done through an instruction that is perpetuated throughout life, and which concerns the mind, movements, appearances, clothing, posture, or even the body in its maternal power. At the same time, texts written by women or featuring women bear witness to their agentivity and self-affirmation, which sometimes differs from the idealized and policed portrait put forward by the dominant normative discourse
Gargam, Adeline. "Les femmes savantes et cultivées dans la littérature française des Lumières ou la conquête d'une légitimité (1690-1804)." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES1004.
Full textWith above 530 feminine figures listed in the field of literary and scientific culture, erudite women represent in the Age of Enlightenment an important phenomenon with a quantitative scope. Their number is representative of an evident avidity to improve one’s mind. To think, to create and try out, even to assert their intellectuality; this assertion’s being concretised in a privileged way thanks to writing. Their social and numeric importance also finds its reflect in literature, which is often the distorting mirror of this fact of society. Novels, poems, short stories, tales and theatre plays present them sometimes in a flattering way, sometimes ridiculing them. Indeed, this intellectual conquest of women is not carried out without disrupting mentalities, particularly the masculine’s ones, which traduce much as reserve and rejection as enthusiasm and admiration. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze this multiple phenomenon, at a time historical, social and literary, through a corpus of 600 texts embracing philosophical and medical, political and juridical, moral and religious, educational and formalistic, fictional and poetic views. Erudite women have performed a play certainly distinguished at this time, but sometimes in the shade. We have to bring it to light to understand better the 18th century. So this dissertation fits in the time of an action against the amnesia in relation to a multitude unsuspected and beyond suspicion of women who have worked in the progress of learning and the literary and scientific culture’s one. On the one hand it intends to rehabilitate scholarly and knowledgeable women in their social and intellectual existence and their difficulty in living so. On the other side it intends to underline their role in the learning. It wants to show haw these scholarly and knowledgeable women have been able to reach such a status, to grow on the sanctuary of learning, and to see what has been the welcome they received in the Republic of Letters and Sciences. Finally, it has the ambition of studying the perception we had, in the 18th century, in relation to these women who write and invent, in both literary and scientific fields. At this purpose, it examines the different images of these characters conveyed by literature; it tries to define and explain the analogies and differences in representations, this with regard to the literary, historical, social and ideological contexts of the time
Scherbacher-Posé, Brigitte. "La revendication d'un espace public féminin en Allemagne au XVIIIe siècle : Pomona für Teutschlands Töchter (1782-1783), de Sophie von La Roche." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040308.
Full textPomona. . . Was the first successful women's magazine to be published by a woman the biographical and cultural path followed by Sophie von La Roche exemplifies the evolution of the German bourgeoisie. To get over the hurdle of various kinds of censorship, Sophie von La Roche, who was marked both by the enlightenment and by empfindsamkeit, develops, under the guise of an apparently soothing discourse which exempts her from the damning reproach of being a blue-stocking, a rhetoric of linguistic subversion which allows her to convince women of their intellectual powers. In Pomona, and later through numerous contributions to the most widely read German magazines, she sets out to give women the 'thirst for knowledge' which will put them on an equal footing with men, by ensuring their cultural advancement. Rather than the first successful woman novelist, as literary critics claim her to be, Sophie von La Roche is the first woman journalist. Accepting this role, she is heard by the generations who were to build the German nation. By her life as well as by her work as a journalist, she is an essential landmark on the road to the advent of the bildungsburgertum which lies at the basis of German national unity
Launay, Florence. "Les compositrices françaises de 1789 à 1914." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20058.
Full textThis research reveals a hidden aspect of the history of nineteenth-century French music, the activity of women in the field of musical composition. The resistance of nineteenth-century society toward female intellectual activity at a high level confined the majority of women with creative ambitions to mediocrity. The musical education given to women was defined above all in terms of limitations : access to many instruments and subjects was difficult. The female aims in life, marriage and maternity in the restricted world of the home, encouraged musical activities at an amateur level. But in some cases the conjunction of talent and supportive environment and the progress of feminine education throughout the century allowed women to become professional composers. They expressed themselves in all musical genres, leaving outstanding contributions which are examinated here in detail
Matamoros, Isabelle. "Mais surtout, lisez ! : les pratiques de lecture des femmes dans la France du premier XIXe siècle." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2121/document.
Full textThis work aims to explain, from a gender perspective, reading practices of women in the early 19th century France. Until now, the way French women read in those days and their own uses of reading, behind stereotypes and sexist representations, are not really known in cultural history. According to these stereotypes, women read badly, or not seriously, and only “feminine literature”. Based on sixty six women’s personal writings (diaries, autobiographies, letters), this work aims to inverse this focus in order to analyze the women’s point of view on their own practices. Such analysis reveals how gender’s types shape first education and, more generally, social identities. Women have to read, of course, but only that kind of literature that would be acceptable for a « good wife », educated but not scholar, virtuous and pious. However, focusing on personal writings, we show that women were not passive within this social and cultural domination: as a reflexive experience, reading leads them to a wide reformulation of their social identity, which includes a possibility to emancipate by reading and learning
Chaffin-Lévêque, Laurence. "De l’usage de la littérature de jeunesse dans l’éducation des filles au XIXe siècle." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN1019.
Full textBased on a vast body of works published between the Second Empire and the turn of the XXth century, this dissertation aims at showing that children’s literature and more particularly the works specifically designed for girls played a major role in the latter’s upbringing. This research relies on three types of novels : the « doll novel » which features young girls bringing up theirs dolls under their mothers’ close watch, the « household novel » in which the young heroines resume their mothers’ role in managing the household, and the « marriage novel » which relates the various stages maidens go through to find a husband. The study leads us to concentrate on the female writers who wrote books meant for a readership of girls, among whom Zénaïde Fleuriot is one of the emblematic figures. This thesis comes to the conclusive statement that these women writers contributed to the confinement of their fellow women within the restricted area of the household. Even before the concept existed, they helped construct the feminine gender through the promotion of many stereotypes
Hsueh, Ming-Chuan. "Édition critique de "L’Honneste Femme", du Père Jacques Du Bosc, édition 1665." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20019.
Full textAt the dawn of the French Renaissance, under Italian influence, Francis I of France creates a brilliant court life by transforming the Louvre palace and relying on the fascination of artistic works to give his courtiers an impressive image of his power. In the late sixteenth and early seventeenth century, France continues to refine the culture of her court : progressively, elegant and refined courtiers replace those warriors in old time, valorous for sure, but rough and coarse. The author presented here, Jacques Du Bosc, is a writer of the first half of the seventeenth century. His work, L’Honneste Femme aims to teach women how to behave in a society that attaches so much importance to the art of pleasing, and show them that such a behavior is not inconsistent with Christian life. A religious person of the Cordeliers Franciscan, he is known for his innovative visions for female education, and for his polemical writings against Jansenism. On female education, different from the humanist pedagogue Juan-Luis Vives, who applied concrete precepts to guide women’s behaviors in their daily life, Du Bosc would rather help them reflect and distinguish between good and evil by highlighting his stories of virtuous speech, usually drawn from mythology and antiquity. He is convinced that women, like men, can also consciously lead a virtuous life. Although this work is dedicated to women, the advice it contains could often concern both male and female Christians. Reprinted more than twenty times between 1632 and 1665, L’Honneste Femme can be considered as a bestseller of the salon literature in the seventeenth century. Besides, entering a Franciscan monastery at an early age, Du Bosc left his clerical position during the years of 1630-1640 for some unknown reasons. We could suggest that his life in the world has influenced him deeply when it comes to the practice of Christian life in society. Despite his clerical position, Du Bosc believes that “there is nothing more important than knowing the Art of Pleasing” to succeed in the world. This belief is conspicuous in the first two parts of his L’Honneste Femme, often akin to salon literature. Although Du Bosc relies on Christian teaching for his female education in the third part, his readers areelites in the society who are passionate about the salon culture. Written with Court and salon as a background, L’Honneste Femme proposed to teach Christians - and first Christian women - how to behave in a society where authority was pervasive, and the priority was to take others’ opinion into consideration. Such education may seem far from the concerns of the twenty-first century readers. Yet L’Honneste Femme can still serve as a reflective document guiding us to find the way which allows us to be successful in the society while remaining virtuous and to know the art of pleasing while staying sincere
Et-Taousy, Mohammed. "L'Education féminine chez Jean-Jacques Rousseau et Mary Wollstonecraft." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040044.
Full textCaron, Mélinda. "Conversation intime et pédagogie dans Les conversations d'Émilie de Louise d'Épinay." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17848.
Full textDans Les Conversations d'Émilie (1782), Louise d'Épinay, femme de lettres des Lumières liée au milieu encyclopédique, propose un modèle d'éducation féminine s'incarnant dans une série de vingt dialogues inspirés des conversations pédagogiques qu'elle a partagées avec sa petite fille Émilie. S'appropriant, dans cette œuvre testamentaire, la structure de la conversation philosophique pour l'éducation d'une fillette et ancrant cette structure dans un cadre intime, elle offre une solution de compromis permettant aux femmes un accès à une formation morale et intellectuelle alliant bonheur et utilité sociale. L'intimité devient le terrain d'élection d'une pensée qui cherche son dépassement dans la transmission générationnelle de son modèle pédagogique et son prolongement dans un espace d'amitié et d'intellectualité féminines. Porteur, en point de mire, d'une réforme des possibilités sociales pour les femmes, le modèle de Louise d'Épinay, grâce à sa forme dialogique, s'inscrit pleinement dans ce que l'on pourrait appeler les "Lumières au féminin"
Papikyan, Hayarpi. "L'éducation aux confins de l'Empire : la scolarisation des filles et l'entrée des femmes arméniennes dans l'espace public au Caucase : (milieu du XIXe - début XXe siècle)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB219.
Full textThis dissertation brings to the light the story of the late-mid-nineteenth century and early twentieth-century education of Armenian girls for the first time by placing it in the context of the general political events that influenced its development. It also examines Armenian women's work as educators, organisers and sponsors of girls' schooling. The research is based on a wide array of public and private sources: school reports, programs and regulations, press publications (editorials, correspondences, news, announcements and advertisements), literary works, speeches, memoirs, diaries, autobiographies and letters, which reveal the period's progression from girls receiving private tutoring and an archaic training by deaconesses and celibate devotees to establishing regular schools for girls and providing them a similar form of education as their brothers. The development of Armenian girls' schools and education took place in the turbulent context of the repressive colonial politics of the Russian Government in the Caucasus, the efforts of the Armenian Church to maintain its authority and power over the Armenian communities and the growing Armenian national-revolutionary movement. The research uncovers the nuances of changing consciousness about Armenian girls' education and shows how it led Armenian women to assume public roles, establish schools, charities, libraries, write and translate children's literature, undertake a wide range of fund-raising public activities for girls' schools (charity bazaars, public lotteries, embroidery sales, theatres and concerts) and enter the revolutionary movement. This dissertation joins a vibrant conversation in the educational sciences about nineteenth and early twentieth-century schooling, programs and institutions. It also engages in the discussions about Eastern-European and Caucasian girls' education and women's history. The research also contributes to Armenian Studies by restoring to Armenian history a missing and vital chapter about women's presence and role in the late nineteenth and early twentieth-century major political, social and cultural developments
Fontvieille, Gorrez Elise. "L’aliénation dans les romans d’Octave Mirbeau (1886-1913)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20067/document.
Full textMerging together several fields – literature, human sciences and psychiatry – this dissertation on Octave Mirbeau (1848-1917) focuses on a transitional period (end of the 19th century - beginning of the 20th). For centuries, the concept of alienation, which appeared in Europe in the 13th century, was widely used (in the Law as in philosophy, psychology,psychiatry, politics and literature). The origin of the word is Latin (alius, other people, and other people’s property was referred to as alienus, inalienable). Over the centuries, it became a negative term : what was different or belonged to someone else was seen as potentially dangerous. Mental illnesses, which restrict freedom, were regarded as alienating, and in the 19th century psychiatrists were called alienists. Philosophers and politicans (eg. Merx) also used the concept to detect the factors which enslaved human beings. Alienation was perceived as the basis of a system undermining fundamental liberties (social, economic or religious factors). Alienation, which is the central core in Mirbeau’s novels, mirrors some essential aspects of France at that time. Focusing on his novels from Le Calvaire (1886) to Dingo (1913)this dissertation will endeavour to show that alienation is a dialectical tension underlining society. If is the very structure of Mirbeau’s body of work – a work which, without being unknown, is often misunderstood. Yet, alienation in ists variousmeanings gives a strong unity to the work : “original” (family, education, Roman Catholicism and the values of society), psychiatric alienation (eg. L’Abbé Jules and Le Calvaire), artistic alienation (the agony of the writer). Alienation may therefore lead to its opposite – freedom regained through the great power of wrinting
Lemaître, Frédéric. "Vaincre ou convaincre ? : aux origines du combat éducatif en Irlande, 1537-1615." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030145.
Full textThis study examines the Irish educational ‘problem’ between the law on schools in 1537 and the calling of the first Protestant Parliament in 1613-1615. In the wake of the Reformation, the sixteenth century underwent unprecedented educational changes, and saw the creation of the first Irish university (Trinity college, Dublin, in 1592), together with the foundation of the Irish colleges in Catholic Europe. This thesis is an attempt to bring out the strategies devised by the new Protestant state and by the recusants towards education, and to analyse the renewed debate within the English colonial elite as to what should prevail in Ireland: ‘the sword’ –or the imposition of political reform, in the period of ‘reconquest’ and colonization that followed in the early seventeenth century–, or ‘the word’ –or religious conversion, through education
Quinn-Lautrefin, Róisín. "Through the "I" of a needle : needlework and female subjectivity in Victorian literature and culture, 1830-1880." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC278.
Full textThis thesis deals with the question of needlework in Victorian literature and culture. Needlework is a constant and recurrent motif in nineteenth-century novels, and crystallises the many complex and contradictory feelings of satisfaction or resentment, creativity or censorship, elation or utter dejection that are crucial to the formation of the nineteenth-century female subject. In spite of its ubiquity, however, it has long been ignored or dismissed by critics as trivial, unimportant or revealing of the limitations imposed on Victorian women's lives. This thesis seeks to complicate previous assumptions by taking needlework on its own terms and exploring the complex and sophisticated tenets that underlie it. Relying on a large range of sources - novels, poems, magazines, craft manuals and material objects - this work examines the ways in which sewing has participated in the articulation of female subjectivity. Because it was construed as the ultimate feminine occupation and was undertaken by virtually ail women, regardless of age or social class, it was central to their identities and experience. However, needlework was fraught with contradictions: it was both amateur and professional; it enshrined the domestication of women, but it was closely allied with industrial modes of production; it was resented by many intellectually ambitious women, but was invested by others as a formidably evocative means of self-expression. Rather than a reclusive activity, then, Victorian needlework was a highly sociable practice which was fully engaged in the social, economic and cultural issues of its time
Dufournaud, Nicole. "Rôles et pouvoirs des femmes au XVIe siècle dans la France de l'Ouest." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0146.
Full textIn the ninety seventies, Joan Jelly asked the question: "Did women have a Renaissance?". The American historian answered negatively. Corning back to this question is moderating it and wondering about the woman's role in the economical and conjunctural dynamism of the XVI th century, as well as about the evolution of the statute of women of power. By describing real cases, we want to stress structural problems of a society that destroys itself and then recreates it. Through a regional study, women are taken into account in the social and economical dynamism of the Renaissance society and we show what they gained and lost
Pascal, Eugénie. "Liens de famille, pratiques de pouvoir, conscience de soi : princesses épistolières au tournant du XVIIe siècle." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030014.
Full textBased on the published or unpublished letters of some fifty princesses (from families such as the Valois, Clèves, Bourbon Vendôme and Montpensier, Nassau, Lorraine, Montmorency or Rohan) who lived through the last two decades of the sixteenth century, the study compares epistolary theory and practices of the time by analysing the background against which letters were written, exchanged and read and the purpose of such correspondence. The author also looks at the networks - above all family ones - reflected in the letters as well as the role of the princesses within their respective clans and the way they evolve within these as mothers, daughters, sisters and wives. Finally, after investigating the political role and practices of these women of influence and their views on social cohesion and their position within the society, the study will examine the letter writers as individuals, based on the way they define themselves in relation to family and power and on their attitudes towards sexual identity, honour and self. In a society in which power hinges on blood ties, the letter emerges as much as a political instrument as a vehicule for self-expression
Rihawi, Fatima El-Zahraa. "Le Triomphe des Dames." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030069.
Full textThis critique edition illustrate a book from Renaissance titled : le Triomphe des Dames entrasted to Pierre de BRINON and edited by Osmont at Rouen in 1599. The subject is a treatise of morals composed of 12 chapters where are classifyed and celebrated the woman merits in considering her like « the virtues arsenal ». Our study will have as purpose to study, to explain and elucidate this precious publication ; precious not only by the experiences and knowledge that providing us with, about its period, but also because it could be considered as the issue of this thinking experience provoked by the tension rised inside the relation between man and woman. The author specify and express, even by the title of his book, not only his voluntary and will to combat in favor of the feminine cause, but before everything his certitude to vanquish his adversary and bring his partner to triumph. It will meant certainly and related to the Triomphe des Dames
Sadkaoui, Nourchen. "L’expression féminine dans les romans d’Anne Brontë." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040100.
Full textAnne Brontë makes use of her talents as a novelist in view of exploring the realm of the feminine. This work proposes to study the different manifestations and usages of feminine expression in her novels. To start with, her first novel is to be read as an example of a feminine Bildungsroman describing the journey of formation, of maturity and fulfillment of the heroine who evolves from a passive, silent and shy young woman to a self-confident and eloquent wife, mother, educator and writer. The second chapter explores the metaphor of embedding in relation to the second novel, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. The chapter examines the different levels of discourse overlapping in the narrative structure in order to illustrate the complex relationships between the sexes in the model of patriarchal society the novel presents. The third and last chapter studies the creative identity attributes of the heroine. Her ingenuity manifests itself in her writings, her paintings, her educational skills and her empathy, not only allowing her to survive and create in a hostile environment but also her close friends to benefit from her personal experience. A review of the studies on the author shows that the theme of feminine expression has not received much critical attention. This thesis, presenting new paths of research, offers a synthetic vision of the question
Melcher, Christina. ""Honorez-moi souvent de vos lettres ; servez-moi de guide dans le chemin de la vertu." : les fictions épistolaires de Marie Leprince de Beaumont." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0199.
Full textIn 18th century Europe, the epistolary novel was very popular. In France, a great number of authors used this literary genre to spread, across supposedly real letters, the philosophical, and often critical ideas on society (of the time) between a growing readership.At that time, a significant number of authors, whose works were very appreciated by the public, were (was?) female. Among them were for example Françoise de Graffigny with the Peruvian Letters or Marie-Jeanne Riccoboni with serveral epistolary novels like Fanny Butler’s Letters or Julie Catesby’s Letters.From the 19th century, these authors often disappeared from the cultural memory and have been neglected by literary research for a long time. Amongst them we can find Marie Leprince de Beaumont, a catholic governess, who was, in the 19th century primarily known for her educational works for children, young girls and poor people. However, she has published a surprisingly divers œuvre : it consists of fairy tales for children, the Nouveau Magasin français, one of the first monthly journals edited by a woman, a considerable correspondence and several epistolary novels.The work of this female author who, even though she was catholic and believing, tried to pass on in her books new perspectives on the possibilities women had to live a vertous and simple life in a society that was shaped by male predominance, is only recently in the center of enhanced literary research. This thesis wants to analyse an interpret this tension between a profound christianism and the desire to improve womens acces to knowledge and education in the fictions of Marie Leprince de Beaumont who « had a predilection for the epistolary genre ». We will first range the works in their literary and historical context and place then the idea of „narrated education“ in the center of our research: how does Marie Leprince de Beaumont employ the epistolary genre to communicate philosophical ideas and behavioral patterns to her readers ?This thesis wants to show that in the 18th century it was possible to reconcile christianism with the desire to help developping the society by facilitating women’s acces to education ; that believing in God didn’t obligatorily mean that one rejected new ideas and that Marie Leprince de Beaumont and her epistolary fictions deserve their place among the authors of the Enlightenment
Lequain, Elodie. "L'éducation des femmes de la noblesse en France au Moyen Âge (XIIIe-XVe siècle)." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100045.
Full textThe doctorate thesis aims at studying the religious, social and intellectual education of noble ladies. A first part contextualizes pedagogical aspects. The didactical literature provides the norms and the curriculum of an education, in which court life represents a practical aspect. A second part discusses the religious and moral education. The lady relies on her gender and her rank. Texts usually expose vices, recommend virtues and propose time schedules. In a third part, social education is discussed. Aware of her role as a spouse and a mother, the lady shall manage her court according to both moral and technical criteria. The political dimension of her education thus appears. The perfection, embodied by a good reputation, justifies the privileged status of the noble lady. The intellectual education is finally studied in a fourth part. Readings of women are testimonies of a culture, which is neither mediocre nor passive. A well-educated noble lady is perfect to God and to the World
Cánovas, Anny. "La sorcière, la sainte et l'illuminée : les pouvoirs féminins en Espagne à travers les procès (1529-1655)." Toulouse 2, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00334500.
Full textOver the Golden Age the witch, the saint and the enlightened take us back to different cultural religious and political portrayals. But being called a witch, a saint or an enlightened is also the results of trials in favour or against women. Their powers depended on the consideration society and the Church granted them in their dealing with the supernatural. The characteristics which are used to define the different types may change according to the various jurisdictions. The way women were considered good or evil during the trials determined their day to day behaviour and their interactions with others. The object of this thesis is to make a comparative analysis between those three illustrations based on case studies. Its aim is to determine the criteria which made a feminine behaviour be judged negatively or positively according to the people involved in the trials: legal authorities, witnesses and the defendants. Thus the first part of the study endeavours to highlight the official characteristics that predetermined and acknowledged each feminine type. In the second part the argument based on the women's trials under study will open the debate on the so called conclusive points that conditioned the criteria for each type. Throughout this part we will pay close attention to the way women connected to the supernatural were perceived in their location and social environment. The thoughts emerging from this second part will then allow us to extend the fields of research onto the comparison between the various speakers taking part in the trials. We need to find out whether significant points can be observed regarding what made a woman guilty or revered
Shongedza, Ignatiana. "Les programmes du Commonwealth pour l'éducation des femmes au Zimbabwe et en République Sud Africaine : bilans et perspectives." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040114.
Full textShongedza, Ignatiana. "L' évolution de l'éducation des femmes en Afrique australe." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010572.
Full textKhoriaty, Georges Gebran. "L'Image de la condition féminine dans la littérature française à la fin du XVIe siècle et au début du XVIIe siècle." Lyon 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO3A004.
Full textTranié, Ghislain. "Philippe de Gueldre (1465-1547), « royne de Sicile » et « povre ver de terre »." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040250.
Full textPhilippa of Guelders, Duchess of Lorraine then nun at the Pont-à-Mousson Poor Clarisses’ convent, is one of the most famous women in ducal Lorraine, although quite unknown beyond. Mary of Burgundy’s bridesmaid, guardian of the very young Margaret of Austria (during her journey to the French court), part of Anne of France’s policy, blessed Margaret of Lorraine’s confidante, mother of the Saverne “guerriers de Dieu”, Colettines’s leader, etc.: she signs “royne de Sicile” as Duchess and “povre ver de terre” as nun, and provides an example of the power and influence of a lady around 1500. At that time, ladies are key players of princely courts. Understand imaginary and behavior of such a lady needs, first at all, a study of how women are represented, what kind of imaginary use feminine representations, and how female rulers act around Philippa of Guelders. Thus the analysis differs from a dual vision dissenting the Duchess to the nun. It offers a reading centered on the practice of the lady, its role in the fashioning of a princely identity in Lorraine as in the diffusion of monastic reform, and, at last, on the gap between his assimilation to Mary (whereas her sons fight heresy) and the signs of a rich and complex religion (whereas Luther impulse Reform). After all, the life of Philippa of Guelders is only the first of a series of lives reshaped until to the insertion of Lorraine in the French kingdom, and whose examination can specify how the memory of a lady and a nun have been fashioned
Lavail, Christine. "La femme nouvelle et son rapport à la culture (1935-1965) : la presse institutionnelle." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040355.
Full textThe new woman is the feminine of the franco's governement in spain. The culture has a great importance in creation of this ideal. But it is conceived dangerous so it's meaning is changed. However, there's an evolution in the 1957-1962's
Cousin-Desjobert, Jacqueline. "La théorie et la pratique d'un éducateur élisabéthain : Richard Mulcaster (c.1531-1611)." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040239.
Full textRichard Mulcaster, the octogenarian schoolmaster of the English renaissance, devoted nearly forty years of his life to the education of boys, as headmaster of two famous London grammar schools, merchant Taylors' school and St. Paul's school. His exceptional longevity has enabled him to put his own personal mark on the field of teaching, in the Elizabethan period. Attentive to the changes of his time through the relations he entertained with many talented people, linguists, poets, cartographers, chroniclers, he acquired an open-mindedness which was of great benefit to his students. At merchant Taylors' school, he included acting and music into the classical curriculum, considering these subjects to be of exceptional educational value. He published positions in 1581 and the first part of the elementarie in 1582, first fruits of an uncompleted work on English education. Many of his best pupils became part of the learned elite. In spite of the reticences of his contemporaries, he proposed many reforms, without neglecting the importance of English custom. He pleaded for the creation of a training college for teachers. To transform their painful and despised task into a real profession. Mulcaster was also in favor of elementary schools for all, further studies for girls, physical education, drawing and mathematics, rules of English spelling, and the use of the vernacular
Valenti, Josette. "Image de la femme dans la première tétralogie de Shakespeare." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10116.
Full textZinelabidine, Mohamed. "Femme et culture en Tunisie au XXème siècle : particularisme et mutations sociopolitiques." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05H030.
Full text"Woman and culture in Tunisia at the XX th century : particularities, social and political mutations". The subject contains many projects, but also contraditions! A lot of questions are able to be studied in different ways: political, historic, religious, social, economic and cultural, in order to treat the subject of woman condition in Tunisia in the XX th century. We have essentially refered to Islam and rationality, without forgetting the interest for the opening and the modernity. This point of vue has been expressed by the voices of Tunisian reformists since the xix th century. They have proposed a new way of reading the Coran and insisted about the necessity to reformulate the monarchy's cultural, social and political princips. Tahar Haddad has been a famous voice since 1930. His ideas has been defended by the president Bourguiba who has introduced them by law since 1956. At 1987, the president Ben Aly renforced the application of these princips. Is it a continuity, a remake or a propulsion of woman's rights, in fact, the economic conditions and the integrists (between 1970 and 1987) have totaly calmed these revendications
Jérémie, Christian. "Thomas Becon : catéchète, ou homme de lettres ?" Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF20019.
Full textThomas becon, the 16th century english reformer chaplain to thomas cranmer, was persecuted under henry viii, went into exile under mary, and died at the beginning of elizabeth's reign, having written an enormous amount of works. Nevertheless, literary criticism does not seem to have taken notice. Yet, if all his writings, all of them religious, are works of edification, devotion, and protestant propaganda, they afford an excellent image of the art of discourse and rhetorical practice in the 16th c. Becon's rhetorical mastery makes his catechism in particular, a long dialogue between a father and his son by questions and answers about the truths of christian faith, a genuine work of art. Catechism, a major 16th century creation, perhaps heir to other didactic genres that flourished in the middle-ages like the disputed question or disputatio and the curtsy books or books of manners, belongs to a long tradition of education in the christian faith going as far back as the primitive church. It was now transfigured by becon's technique into a work of art. Whether first in the various structures of the father's questions, simply leading to his interlocutor's speaking in turn, or else aiming at the latter's exposing his doctrine or his confuting his opponents; or secondly in the aesthetic effects created by the figures in the dialogue itself, especially in the shared acts of speech and discourse, that sort of verbal duet which may be called, it is suggested, diaphony; or finally in the structures of the answers showing the object of discourse, proving its validity, and giving the reader a taste for it by arousing his imagination and emotion, the categories of classical rhetoric, docere, placere, movere, develop and flower into a wealth of figures which cause the catechism to be the textual opportunity for the catechist to reveal himself as a man of letters
Nayt-Dubois, Armelle. "Gynécocratie et tyrannie dans l'oeuvre de John Knox." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002VERS0009.
Full textIn the sixteenth century, as the Reformation was transforming society and culture, an unprecedented number of women came to power in Great Britain. Under Henry VIII, the break from Rome had meant an increase in Royal Prerogative but when his daughter Mary Tudor became queen, Kingship - or rather Queenship - and the Reformation began to share an uneasy relationship. Soon after the marian exiles settled on the continent, they reexamined a topic longforgotten by political theory : female rule. Amongst the exiles, John Knox, the Scottish reformer, called attention to himself when he had "The first blast against the monstrous regiment of women" circulated around England just after the death of Bloody Mary. This thesis looks at the originality of the 1558 pamphlet both within the context of Renaissance political through and within the context of gender
Fontaine, Marie-Madeleine. "La représentation du corps à la Renaissance dans la littérature française (1530-1560) : introduction à l'étude des exercices corporels." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040311.
Full textMartin-Ulrich, Claudie. "La persona de la princesse au XVIe siècle : personnage littéraire et politique." Grenoble 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE39051.
Full textCollange, Lise. "Stratégies matrimoniales et enjeux économiques à Venise à la fin du XVe et au début du XVIe siècle." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF20102.
Full textThe study of late xv th and early xvi st century venetian matrimonial strategies and economic stakes is made difficult by the fact that sources are scattered and varried. In order to fully grasp the diversity and the typical characteristics of the leading group, we deem it more appropriate to study this category from the angle of a more easily identifiable corporation, that of sea-traders. This option leads to a better understanding of certain relational mechanisms which, contrary to the former situation, brings to light the intention of concentrating financial and political powers on order to remain in the first rank. The venetian nobilary group distinguishes itself by its disparity : the poor and the rich, the young and the old,, ancient or more recent noblility, men and women of different prerogatives yet living in the same society. In spite ot the apparent solidarity of the group, which is the traditional image spread for decades, rivalries, tensions and strong rancour exist which are made more visible during critical periods in the life of the republic. The prosopographic study of galley owners and galley investors and the giving prominence to objective links among them - i. E. Wedding - lead to the conclusion that the merchants, who are also noble galley owners, set a matrimonial strategy up with the intention of building up and stregthening their relationships with the most influencial families, both in the economic and political circles. They are motivated by the need to preserve the interests of the group
Da, Costa Belhas Maria das Dores. "Les femmes vues par Bernal Díaz del Castillo dans la "Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España" : Texte imprimé." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT5018.
Full textDrisdelle, Julie Lynne. "Female Self-Portraiture and the Construction of the Self." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23669/23669.pdf.
Full textLesage, Claire. "La culture et la condition féminines chez les femmes lettrées à Venise (fin de la Renaissance, début de l'époque baroque)." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030102.
Full textOur research is dedicated to the study of the feminine literature in venice at the end of the renaissance and at the beginning of the baroque period. We selected four writers' works whose names are : isabella cortese, moderata fonte, lucrezia marinella and arcangela tarabotti. We studied their writings with an historical porspect in order to witness the feminine condition within the italian ociety of thius time. In a stylistic prospect, our second purpose was to evaluate the influence of the litarary models and these writers' capacity to put their own touch, as women, into their writings. We could realize the existence of a thought about their status as women of letters and about the feminine condition in general. It results in a claiming message which is particularly modern
Richard-Jamet, Céline Catherine Jeanne. "Les galeries de "femmes fortes" dans les arts en Europe au XVIe et au XVIIe siécles : une étude iconographique comparative." Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30061.
Full textOriginating from the Nine Worthies theme, from them they sometimes adopt the distribution, the Strong Women series blossom as early as the 15th century in Italy, then spread to France and the rest of Europe in 16th and 17th century. These series or galleries, constituted by heroines embodying precise virtues, are inspired by feminine qualities as praised by Salomon in "La femme de Caractère", extracted from his book "Proverbes". They are created only after the "hommes illustres" series, as counterparts, and later acquire their own autonomy. These cycles cover diverse functions depending on the country, the time period : in Italy, the first series serve the function of memory, they are commemorative, then they become edifying, through the cassoni who educate young wives ; in France, they allow to legitimate a regent accession to the throne and to support her power, process who was copied by the Dutch, the Florentine and Viennese court. Spain focuses on women from the Bible and fills its churches of cycles sculpted or painted on mirrors, destined to edifying the faithful ; the Belgium series educate the monks ; the Dutch engraved cycles praise women at home, whereas England seems to be apart. Queens, women from the Bible and amazons appear recurrently in series, to the detriment of vestals and saints. The most irreproachable heroines are disgracied, the most barbaric acts are justified
Tranié, Ghislain. "Philippe de Gueldre (1465-1547), « royne de Sicile » et « povre ver de terre »." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040250.
Full textPhilippa of Guelders, Duchess of Lorraine then nun at the Pont-à-Mousson Poor Clarisses’ convent, is one of the most famous women in ducal Lorraine, although quite unknown beyond. Mary of Burgundy’s bridesmaid, guardian of the very young Margaret of Austria (during her journey to the French court), part of Anne of France’s policy, blessed Margaret of Lorraine’s confidante, mother of the Saverne “guerriers de Dieu”, Colettines’s leader, etc.: she signs “royne de Sicile” as Duchess and “povre ver de terre” as nun, and provides an example of the power and influence of a lady around 1500. At that time, ladies are key players of princely courts. Understand imaginary and behavior of such a lady needs, first at all, a study of how women are represented, what kind of imaginary use feminine representations, and how female rulers act around Philippa of Guelders. Thus the analysis differs from a dual vision dissenting the Duchess to the nun. It offers a reading centered on the practice of the lady, its role in the fashioning of a princely identity in Lorraine as in the diffusion of monastic reform, and, at last, on the gap between his assimilation to Mary (whereas her sons fight heresy) and the signs of a rich and complex religion (whereas Luther impulse Reform). After all, the life of Philippa of Guelders is only the first of a series of lives reshaped until to the insertion of Lorraine in the French kingdom, and whose examination can specify how the memory of a lady and a nun have been fashioned
Hugot, Nina. "« Une femme peut bien s’armer de hardiesse ». La tragédie française et le féminin entre 1537 et 1583." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL154.
Full textFrom a study of a corpus of French plays written 1537-1583, this dissertation examines in detail the female presence in tragedy and its role in the development of the aesthetics of tragic drama. The place of the feminine and the issues arising from it are analyzed on three different levels. First, the theoretical and paratextual works that define tragedy were studied. In this corpus of work, no explicit association between the tragic and the feminine is found. However, the feminine is defined throughout in a problematic way, between the necessity to conform to the norm (the decorum) and the evidence of departures from this norm (Electra will amaze because of her virility). Secondly, within the plays themselves, there are many speeches made by the characters pertaining to the question of femininity. Frequently, the common norms are referenced in order to better differentiate between the heroine and ordinary women; on occasion, the case of the heroine herself is used to contest more strongly the common norms. Finally, the action of the women in the tragic dramas is compared to that of the men. This entails the study of the roles of females in the plot, of the style of acting and performance required of them, of their moral and ideological effect on the audience, all of which allows for a redefinition of female heroism in the corpus. Given that tragic drama is constructed, in this author’s view, from the quest for extraordinary action, these heroines, all the more admirable precisely because they belong to the weaker sex, would primarily appear to be highly favorable for the successful revival of French classical tragedy, thus conferring upon it its first characteristics
Chapuis-Després, Stéphanie. "Femmes et féminité dans la société allemande (XVIe - XVIIe siècles) : normes, pratiques, représentations." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040252/document.
Full textThis thesis is about the female population of the Holy Roman Empire from about 1555, when the Peace of Augsburg, confirming the legitimacy of the Reformation was signed, until 1648, at the end of the Thirty Years’ War. The purpose of this work is to see how and why women, and particularly their bodies, were targeted by social discipline, and how it generated a redefinition and a precise codification of femininity in the age of Reformation and the confessionalization of societies. This thesis focuses on normative books written by theologians, protestant ministers and Jesuits, dealing with diverse subjects like education, marriage, maternity and widowhood. Laws and decrees about daily life have also been analysed, just like medical treaties revealing the mechanisms of the female body discipline in an interconfessional perspective. It shows how gestures, attitudes, appearance, sexuality and language were controlled in order to define a specific habitus. Beside the norms spread in the different documents under scrutiny, some practices related to the female body have been studied from letters, memoirs and statements of offence. This work crosses perspectives of social history, women and cultural history, as well as historical anthropology with an interconfessional comparison
Coutant, Paulette. "Les Arméniennes de l'Empire ottoman à l'école de la France (1840-1914) : stratégies missionnaires et mutations d'une société traditionnelle." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0129.
Full textThroughout the study of the education of young Armenian girls, this piece of work allows light to be thrown on the cultural and social evolution of one of the minorities of the ottoman Empire, before its disappearance after the genocide of 1915. At the beginning of the 19th century, the American Protestant missionaries were pioneers in guidance of young women at the moment when the Armenian elite showed itself equally concerned about the nation's progress through education. The French Catholic Congregationallsts, present for centuries with the Eastern Christians, are trying to react to this vigorous competition. They made an appeal to nuns from the provinces of France who were capable of adapting themselves to precarious situations. To engage with the families, shape the young girl, a future mother, is to allow the implanting of catholic culture with the French tradition. The chronological framework, from 1840 to 1915, covers the whole period of presence of female missions whose actions were less studied than those of male orders. The research relies on the public archives (diplomatic and national) and above all religious from the relative orders (Ladies of Sion, Franciscaines of Lons-le-Saunier, Oblates of the Assumption, Sisters of St Joseph of the Apparition, Sisters of St Joseph of Lyon, Capucines, Brothers of Christian schools, Jesuits at Vanves and in Rome, missionary Pontifical works at Lyon), the most frequently unexploited along with the press and witnesses of the time. Pillars of the French Catholic establishments in rural areas in western Anatolia but also those of large metropolitan areas, very many Armenian women acquired a dual Franco-Armenian culture, becoming in this way the vehicles for the absorption of French knowledge and culture in the establishment, and further into the society of the Ottoman Empire which was coming to the end. Some themes of a more general view are tackled : the strategies of monks and nuns to implant themselves and last in Muslin territory faced with the restrictions of Ottoman power, the blossoming of elite young girls open to modernity. In 1920, a page was turned with the disappearance of missionary schools in Anatolia at the same time as the disappearance of Christians in this place