Journal articles on the topic 'Education – Demographic aspects – Spain'
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Jornet-Meliá, Jesús Miguel, Carlos Sancho-Álvarez, and Margarita Bakieva-Karimova. "Analysis of Profiles of Family Educational Situations during COVID-19 Lockdown in the Valencian Community (Spain)." Societies 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc13010010.
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Due to the pandemic (COVID-19), the education system in Spain was forced to close for three months, creating an unprecedented situation: improvised distance schooling. Family characteristics and their life situations with Information and Communication Technology use would be aspects to be studied as educational conditioning factors. This paper presents the ways in which a representative sample of families in the Valencian Community (Spain) assumed the education of their children during the lockdown. Mixed methods (quantitative -surveys-/qualitative -focus groups-) are used. Multivariate profiles are studied (k-means cluster) that summarise the life circumstances, represented by composite indicators resulting from the families’ responses to specific items describing their way of life and educational performance. Associated variables, such as demographic or life situation characteristics, are analyzed for each profile. Some gaps (described by indicators that synthesize the functioning of the families) are observed due to life circumstances that correspond not only to vulnerable groups but also to upper-middle-level families.
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Vara-Miguel, Alfonso. "Cross-National Similarities and Differences between Legacy and Digital-Born News Media Audiences." Media and Communication 8, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i2.2733.
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The decline of the news business model for print newspapers in many Western countries and the digital disruption caused by the Internet have influenced the rise of digital-born news media. These new media are different from legacy brands in terms of business models, distribution strategies, corporate organisation, and editorial priorities. It would be expected that the different nature of both legacy and digital-born news media has driven to two types of significantly different audiences. This article aims to analyse whether there are significant differences between the users of these two types of media, by comparing the online audiences of five European countries’ (United Kingdom, Germany, France, Spain, and Italy) legacy and digital-born media brands in 2015 and 2019. The article will focus on four aspects: demographic and socioeconomics profiles (sex, age, income and level of education); interest in news; payment for online news; and media trust.
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González Valero, Gabriel, Alejandro Bastida Castillo, Carlos David Gómez Carmona, Juan Antonio Corral Pernía, Eduardo Melguizo Ibáñez, and Pilar Puertas-Molero. "Psychosocial status of Physical Education teachers according to socio-demographic characteristics (Condición psicosocial de los profesores de Educación Física según las características sociodemográficas)." Retos 44 (February 24, 2022): 1090–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v44i0.91907.
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Currently, teachers are exposed to psychosocial risks specific to the educational context and it is important to overcome and anticipate the adversities involved. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the levels of stress, burnout syndrome and resilience in physical education teachers, as well as to establish the existing relationships according to gender and socio-occupational situation. The study had a non-experimental, descriptive, comparative and correlational design, with measurement in a single group. The sample consisted of 415 physical education teachers from all over Spain, with an age range of 21-53 years (M=28.78±6.15) and a heterogeneous distribution, representing 69.4% of the male gender and 30.6% of the female gender. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and an Ad-Hoc questionnaire were used to record socio-demographic aspects. Finally, it is observed that, for burnout syndrome, the subscale with the highest score is emotional exhaustion, followed by self-fulfilment and depersonalisation. For resilience, the highest scoring subscale is personal competence, followed by positive acceptance, control and purpose, tolerance of negative events and spiritual influences.
Resumen. Actualmente, los docentes están expuestos a riesgos psicosociales propios del contexto educativo y es importante superar y anticiparse a las adversidades que ello conlleva. Por ello, este estudio pretende analizar los niveles de estrés, síndrome de burnout y resiliencia en profesores de educación física, así como establecer las relaciones existentes en función del género y la situación sociolaboral. El estudio tuvo un diseño no experimental, descriptivo, comparativo y correlacional, con medición en un solo grupo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 415 profesores de educación física de toda España, con un rango de edad de 21-53 años (M=28,78±6,15) y una distribución heterogénea, representando el 69,4% del género masculino y el 30,6% del género femenino. Para registrar los aspectos sociodemográficos se utilizó la Escala de Estrés Percibido (PSS), el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach (MBI), la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC) y un cuestionario Ad-Hoc. Finalmente se observa que, para el síndrome de burnout, la subescala con mayor puntuación es el agotamiento emocional, seguida de la realización personal y la despersonalización. Para la resiliencia, se observa que la subescala con mayor puntuación es la competencia personal, seguida de la aceptación positiva, el control y el propósito, la tolerancia a los acontecimientos negativos y las influencias espirituales.
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Cazalla-Luna, Nerea, and David Molero. "Emociones, afectos, optimismo y satisfacción vital en la formación inicial del profesorado." Profesorado, Revista de Currículum y Formación del Profesorado 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30827/profesorado.v22i1.9926.
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Resumen:Las emociones, los afectos, el optimismo y la satisfacción son aspectos relevantes en los futuros docentes. Los objetivos del estudio son conocer las puntuaciones de inteligencia emocional, afectos, optimismo-pesimismo disposicional y satisfacción vital de los sujetos de la muestra; analizar si existe relación entre las variables consideradas; y comprobar la existencia de diferencias significativas en las mismas en función de las variables sociodemográficas contempladas (género, edad y titulación). La muestra está compuesta de 324 estudiantes de los grados de Educación Primaria y Educación Infantil de la Universidad de Jaén (España). Los instrumentos empleados han sido el TMMS-24, PANASN, SWLS y LOT-R. Los resultados informan de diferencias significativas (p<.05) en función del género a favor de los hombres en regulación emocional y en pesimismo, y a favor de las mujeres en la afectividad negativa y satisfacción con la vida. Hay significatividad en las diferencias entre algunos grupos de edad en las variables contempladas. Por último, encontramos diferencias significativas en compresión y regulación emocional a favor de los estudiantes de Educación Primaria y en afectos negativos a favor de Educación Infantil. Abstract:Emotions, affections, optimism and satisfaction are relevant aspects of future teachers. The objectives of the study are to know the intelligence, affectivity, dispositional optimism-pessimism scores of the test subjects; to analyse whether there is a relationship among the variables under consideration; and to verify the existence of significant differences between them according to the social and demographic variables considered (gender, age and academic qualification). The study consists of 324 students of the degrees in Primary Education and in Early Childhood Education of the University of Jaen (Spain). The survey instruments used have been the TMMS-24, PANASN, SWLS and LOT-R. The results show significant differences (p<.05) based on gender favouring men in emotional regulation and pessimism and favouring women in negative affectivity and life satisfaction. There are considerable disparities among some age groups in the variables contemplated. Finally, important differences can be found in emotional regulation and understanding favouring the students of Primary Education and in negative affections in favour of Early Childhood Education students.
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Drosopoulou, Georgia, Foteini Vlasopoulou, Eleni Panagouli, Androniki Stavridou, Alexia Papageorgiou, Theodora Psaltopoulou, Maria Tsolia, Chara Tzavara, Theodoros N. Sergentanis, and Artemis K. Tsitsika. "Cross-National Comparisons of Internalizing Problems in a Cohort of 8952 Adolescents from Five European Countries: The EU NET ADB Survey." Children 10, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10010008.
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Various factors such as family relationships, socioeconomic indicators, socio-cultural aspects, mental health problems and demographic variables, have been associated with internalizing problems in adolescence. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of internalizing problems in adolescents from five European countries in comparison with risk factors. Using data from the European Network for Adolescent Behavior (EU NET ADB) survey, a cross-sectional school-based study of adolescents (from 14 to 17.9 years) was conducted. Data were retrieved from self-report questionnaires derived from Greece, Spain, the Netherlands, Iceland and Romania. Multiple logistic regression analysis overall and by country was held through estimation of odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). A total of 8952 adolescents participated in the study. According to the results, Greece (7.6%) and Romania (2.4%) presented with the lowest rates of internalizing problems, while Iceland presented the highest (11.1%). Internalizing problems were associated with lower school grades (adjusted OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.08–1.36), while the higher education level of parents was associated with lower odds of internalizing problems (adjusted OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62–0.92). In country-specific analyses, factors that affected the likelihood of internalizing problems were gender, age, maternal and paternal unemployment. Variations detected in adolescents’ internalizing problems were determined by the socio-cultural context of each country. Cultural differences should be addressed thoroughly in further research, in order to better understand and intervene in aspects of internalizing problems in adolescence.
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Carrapiso, Ana Isabel, Elena González, María Jesús Petrón, Francisco Pérez-Nevado, and Paula Gaspar. "Agricultural Engineering Students’ Segmentation in Relation to Their Attitudes towards English-Medium Instruction." Education Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 24, 2023): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci13020121.
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The School of Agricultural Engineering has been involved in English-medium instruction (EMI) within the framework of the internationalization strategy of the University of Extremadura (Spain). Several years after these actions were initiated, it has become necessary to analyze them, with the main objective of researching the attitude of the students towards it, keeping the focus on finding common trends. With this aim, a segmentation of the students was carried out based on a questionnaire that included aspects related to their attitudes towards English-medium instruction, their socio-demographic characteristics and the program they were enrolled in. A total of 251 students were surveyed, and the data were analyzed by performing a multiple correspondence analysis and a cluster analysis. They revealed three typologies of students with clearly different underlying features, especially related to the program and year in which they were enrolled, their age and English level, and their perceived skills. The main conclusion is that the multivariate techniques applied are useful tools to identify groups of students with different features in the EMI frame, which may facilitate the launch of specific actions focused on the needs and expectations of each group to ensure that EMI programs and students achieve their goals.
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Deters, Kacie. "VARIABLE PREDICTORS OF COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE WITHIN ETHNIC/RACIAL GROUPS USING A COMPUTERIZED COGNITIVE BATTERY." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.217.
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Abstract The Computerized Cognitive Composite (C3) may provide an efficient assessment of early cognitive impairment to inform early interventions and screening criteria for Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials. The C3 battery, which includes the CogState Brief Battery, has components assessing memory, reaction time and aspects of executive function. The battery has little demand for spoken language and may reduce the sociocultural biases of traditional paper-and-pencil tests. The goal of this project was to determine demographic and genetic predictors of cognitive performance on the C3 battery across different ethnic/racial groups. We examined 4,026 cognitively normal participants (self-identified non-Hispanic Black, Asian, or White; Hispanic) at baseline visit from the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease (A4) clinical trial. Linear models were performed to examine the association of C3 and years of age, years of education, gender/sex, and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, within ethnic/racial group. We found variation in demographic and genetic risk factors that predicted cognitive performance within ethnic/racial groups. These findings highlight the importance of within group analysis to identify risk factors for cognitive impairment.
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Farrés-Tarafa, Mariona, David Bande, Juan Roldán-Merino, Barbara Hurtado-Pardos, Ainoa Biurrun-Garrido, Lorena Molina-Raya, Marta Raurell-Torredà, Irma Casas, and Urbano Lorenzo-Seva. "Reliability and validity study of the Spanish adaptation of the “Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale” (SCLS)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 23, 2021): e0255188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255188.
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The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) recommends the use of new educational methodologies and the evaluation of student satisfaction. Different instruments have been developed in Spain to evaluate different aspects such as clinical decisions and teamwork, however no instruments have been found that specifically evaluate student self-confidence and satisfaction during clinical simulation. The aim was to translate the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale (SCLS) questionnaire into Spanish and analyse its reliability and validity and understand the level of satisfaction and self-confidence of nursing students with respect to learning in clinical simulations. The study was carried out in two phases: (1) adaptation of the questionnaire into Spanish. (2) Cross-sectional study in a sample of 489 nursing students. The reliability and exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses were performed. To analyse the relationship of the scale scores with the socio-demographic variables, the Fisher Student T-test or the ANOVA was used. The scale demonstrated high internal consistency reliability for the total scale and each of its dimensions. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.88 (0.83 to 0.81) for each of the dimensions. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that both the one-dimensional and two-dimensional models were acceptable. The results showed average scores above 4 for both dimensions. The SCLS-Spanish translation demonstrated evidence of its validity and reliability for use to understand the level of satisfaction and self-confidence of nursing students in clinical simulation. Clinical simulations help students to increase their levels of confidence and satisfaction, enabling them to face real scenarios in clinical practice.
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Bezerra, Polyana Caroline De Lima, Simone Perufo Opitz, Rosalina Jorge Koifman, Gina Torres Rego Monteiro, and Pascoal De Torres Muniz. "Self- Reported morbidity in adults: population survey in Rio Branco, Brazil, 2007 – 2008." Journal of Human Growth and Development 30, no. 2 (June 17, 2020): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.v30.10383.
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Introduction: Epidemiological data allow to know the needs of the communities and can provide subsidies for planning and actions in the health services, hence, it is necessary to investigate illness and chronic non-communicable diseases in the population of interest.
Objective: The objectives of this study are to describe and verify the association between the most prevalent self-reported morbidities in adults regarding the characteristics: socioeconomic, demographic and lifestyle.
Methods: This is a population-based survey conducted with adults (?18 years of age), living in Rio Branco, Acre State, Brazil, during the period 2007/2008. The sample consisted of 1516 individuals, from a probabilistic sampling in two stages of a draw.
Results: The most prevalent self-reported morbidity was spine/back disease with a percentage of 30.8%, followed by hypertension (28.3%), malaria (28.3%) and depression (18.7%). Regarding socioeconomic and demographic aspects, the most prevalent characteristics were: female gender and low level of formal education, with statistical significance. As for life habits, the most common characteristics with statistical significance were: smoking and physical inactivity.
Conclusion: In view of the scarcity of studies of this nature in the North region of Brazil, and especially in the State of Acre, the results regarding the most prevalent self-reported morbidities in the adult population of Rio Branco are of fundamental importance, to alert researchers and health professionals. This contributes to a better adaptation and/or implementation of public strategies for promotion, protection and health assistance.
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Thompson, Amber, and Rebecca Utz. "DEATH FEARS AND ANXIETY ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE: IMPLICATIONS FOR DEATH REFORM." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1387.
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Abstract Western culture is experiencing a movement for death reform which includes aspects such as death acceptance and supporting individual choice concerning how one wishes to experience end-of-life (EOL). The underlying goal of this reform is to foster natural curiosity about death and dying in order to soothe death fears and anxiety. Over the past few decades in the U.S. there has been an increase in public support for the EOL option of medical-aid-in-dying (MAID), or legally prescribed pharmaceuticals intended to cause death. There have been mixed findings regarding the effects of age on attitudes and perspectives towards death and dying. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between age, death fears and anxiety, values and perspectives, demographic characteristics, and approval of MAID at EOL in a U.S. nationally representative sample (N = 1994), using a partially latent structural equation model (SEM). Results show that age has a curvilinear effect on death fears and anxiety, and that as death fears and anxiety increase support for MAID decrease. This suggests that the ability to provide person-and-family-centered care at EOL must address the biopsychosocial aspect of death fears and anxiety across the life course. These findings demonstrate the need for more research documenting changes in attitude and perspectives towards EOL for different populations (i.e., ages). The potential benefits of this approach provide a basis for expanding education and awareness of both death and dying in general, and EOL needs and wants for older adult populations.
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Liu, Yuezhong, Rakhi Verma, Ringo Ho, and Yin-Leng Theng. "Development Of Diet Score For Reflecting Diet Patterns and Dietary Guidelines: A Case Of Singapore." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3055.
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Abstract Foods and dietary patterns substantially affect health outcomes. The overall dietary assessment score associated with dietary guidelines in Singapore has not been assessed previously. This study aimed to develop and evaluate diet score for identifying the relationship between dietary patterns and dietary guidelines in Singapore. Using a localised diet score survey collaborated with the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), we conducted a cross-sectional study of 600 Singapore persons in two-generational cohorts (40-64: 300 and > 65 years: 300). The proposed local diet score was calculated to reflect their overall compliance with the Dietary Guidelines in Singapore. ANOVA analysis was used to identify the significant difference among socio-demographic variables associated with diet score and comparison analysis was performed to compare the diet patterns and diet score. There are significant differences among age, education, housing, residency associated with diet score. Diet score of older cohort (M= 67.71, SD= 13.38) is significantly higher than young cohort (M= 60.73, SD= 14.71). The highest education level (University or tertiary) obtain the lowest diet score (M= 58.58, SD= 14.41). The participants who live in the landed property (M= 69.45, SD= 14.43) are higher than those who live in Condominium and Public House. And the participants who live alone (M= 67.26, SD= 14.66) have a higher average diet score. Two-generational cohorts are not compliant with recommendations about dietary guideline well in Singapore. The present findings suggest that dietary patterns need improvement in aspects such as vegetables and extra food components.
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Townsend-Nicholson, Andrea. "Educating and engaging new communities of practice with high performance computing through the integration of teaching and research." Interface Focus 10, no. 6 (October 16, 2020): 20200003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2020.0003.
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The identification of strategies by which to increase the representation of women and increase diversity in STEM fields (science, technology, engineering and mathematics), including medicine, has been a pressing matter for global agencies including the European Commission, UNESCO and numerous international scientific societies. In my role as UCL training lead for CompBioMed, a European Commission Horizon 2020-funded Centre of Excellence in Computational Biomedicine (compbiomed.eu), and as Head of Teaching for Molecular Biosciences at UCL from 2010 to 2019, I have integrated research and teaching to lead the development of high-performance computing (HPC)-based education targeting medical students and undergraduate students studying biosciences in a way that is explicitly integrated into the existing university curriculum as a credit-bearing module. One version of the credit-bearing module has been specifically designed for medical students in their pre-clinical years of study and one of the unique features of the course is the integration of clinical and computational aspects, with students obtaining and processing clinical samples and then interrogating the results computationally using code that was ported to HPC at CompBioMed's HPC Facility core partners (EPCC (UK), SURFsara (The Netherlands) and the Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (Spain)). Another version of the credit-bearing module has, over the course of this project, evolved into a replacement for the third year research project course for undergraduate biochemistry, biotechnology and molecular biology students, providing students with the opportunity to design and complete an entire specialist research project from the formulation of experimental hypotheses to the investigation of these hypotheses in a way that involves the integration of experimental and HPC-based computational methodologies. Since 2017–2018, these UCL modules have been successfully delivered to over 350 students—a cohort with a demographic of greater than 50% female. CompBioMed's experience with these two university modules has enabled us to distil our methodology into an educational template that can be delivered at other universities in Europe and worldwide. This educational approach to training enables new communities of practice to effectively engage with HPC and reveals a means by which to improve the underrepresentation of women in supercomputing.
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Egierd, Jacob Koppel, Stephanie Bergren, Lisa Lanza, Dana Dytchwald, and XinQi Dong. "The Relationship between Religiosity and Cognitive Function among Chinese Older Adults in Chicago." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2636.
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Abstract Evidence suggests religiosity may be related to cognitive decline in older adults living in the US and China. However, the relationship between religiosity and cognitive function has not been tested in a Chinese community in the US. Immigration and isolation often cause diasporas to differ from communities where they currently reside and their origin. This study aims to determine the relationship between religiosity, cognitive function, and demographic attributes in a sample of older Chinese adults age 60 to 105 living in the Chicago area (N = 3157). Regression analysis showed participation in organized religion significantly predicted higher global cognitive function (β = 0.031, p < 0.001, N = 3051). Of all cognitive function measures including episodic memory (East Boston Memory Immediate and Delayed Recall Test), perceptual speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test), working memory (Digit Backwards Test), cognitive impairment (Mini Mental State Examination), and a composite measure of (global cognition), the importance of religion only significantly predicted greater working memory capacity (β = 0.045, p = 0.003, N = 3058). Practicing religion at home had a nonsignificant relationship with all measures of cognitive function. All analyses controlled for the following covariates: gender, education, income, number of children, marital status, and health insurance coverage status. Findings suggest that among aspects of religiosity, organized religious involvement may have a positive association with higher cognitive function. Future research should explore between-population differences in the relationships of social factors, religiosity, and cognition function to determine what practices can best benefit older adults in various communities.
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Elizabeth Francis, Julie, and Teresa Davis. "Exploring children’s socialization to three dimensions of sustainability." Young Consumers 15, no. 2 (June 10, 2014): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-06-2013-00373.
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Purpose – This study aims to examine aspects of children’s sustainability socialization. Many studies examine children’s attitudes to sustainability. However, few studies build an understanding of how, where and when children are socialized to sustainability. Design/methodology/approach – Interviews with 30 children explore the socializing agents (who), learning situations (where), learning processes (how) and learning effects (what). The study also delineates and compares the environmental, self and social dimensions of sustainability. Findings – Socialization to environmental sustainability is highly structured and formal, and children rarely go beyond the knowledge and actions they are taught. Socialization to the self dimension combines formal and informal mechanisms with a greater propensity for elaboration and generalization. Meanwhile, socialization to societal sustainability involves unstructured and individualized processes and outcomes. Research limitations/implications – This is an exploratory study. Future research could develop scales to measure children’s sustainability dispositions and actions. Researchers could then use such scales to examine the sustainability socialization of children from other demographic and cultural groups. Practical implications – The findings indicate that children are often positively disposed towards sustainability but lack the knowledge and direction needed to exercise this desire. Thus, marketers should more clearly articulate how their product solves a sustainability problem. Social implications – This paper could inform sustainability education policy. It has practical applications in the area of sustainability curriculum design in schools. Originality/value – Being the first study that explores children’s socialization to three dimensions of sustainability, this paper provides a unique contribution to consumer behaviour theory and would be of interest to academics, practitioners and social marketers.
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Hemalatha, Sruthi Anilkumar, T. V. Sekher, and Nawaj Sarif. "GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CAREGIVING PRACTICES AND MARITAL RELATIONSHIPS OF SANDWICH GENERATION COUPLES IN MUMBAI." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.347.
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Abstract Over the next few decades, the most important demographic trend for the Asia Pacific region will be population aging. The increasing aging population in India and the fact that the economic dependence of the older adults is high and the cost of education and child care is on the rise pose serious challenges to generations of individuals and couples who are expected to take care of both their children and their parents. This study's primary objective is to comprehensively understand the effects of giving care to their children and their parents on various aspects of the life of sandwich generation couples. The study uses primary data of 300 multigenerational households and 100 two-generation/one-generation households in Mumbai. Specifically, the study attempts to understand the effect of giving care to two generations on the marital relationship of the caregiving couples. Additionally, the study also explores gender differences in caregiving practices. Results from bivariate and multivariate analyses show that providing simultaneous care to two generations significantly impacts the marital relationship of the sandwiched couples as opposed to couples staying in one/two-generation households. Results also show considerable gender differences in caregiving roles and time spent on caregiving. Women spend more time assisting in household activities, while men are more likely to provide monetary support. Thus, extensive research on the sandwich generation in India is necessary to ensure the socio-economic well-being of the couples, the welfare of their children and parents, and the physical and psychosocial health of these couples.
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Hulíková Tesárková, Klára. "Demographic aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, Spain, Germany, and South Korea." Geografie 125, no. 2 (2020): 139–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2020125020139.
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The COVID-19 Pandemic has become an object of many studies and research papers. Although knowledge of the demographic features of the illness could be important for targeting the prevention, or treatment and evaluation, of the situation, demographic research was rather limited in the initial phases of the pandemic. This paper aims to present the basic demographic aspects of the illness (age-specific and crude rates) and to estimate the effects of age-specific rates and age structures on the overall, generally used measures. For this analysis, Italy, Spain, Germany, and South Korea were selected. The most important differences among these countries were traced based on the age-specific measures and age structures. The demographic method of decomposition was used for the most crucial part of the analysis. It was proven that the level of incidence (particularly at higher ages) is noticeably significant regarding the observed differences. The effects of population age structure and the level of fatality are somewhat weaker.
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Fernández Espinosa, Verónica. "HISTORY OF EDUCATION REFORMS IN SPAIN." Analele Universităţii din Craiova seria Istorie 27, no. 1 (July 15, 2022): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52846/aucsi.2022.1.01.
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This work provides a succinct historical overview of the history of the Spanish education system from 1812, date of the first Spanish Constitution, until 1970 at the end of the Francoist era in Spain, highlighting the legislative milestones and contextualising them within the larger political landscape in which they took place. The paper will go on to describe the basic legislation which has regulated the Spanish education system since 1970 describing some of their most significant aspects, from the General Education Law (LGE) of 1970 to the Organic Law Modifying the Organic Law for Education (LOMLOE) which came into force in 2020.
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Rodríguez Izquierdo, Rosa Maria. "The Research on Intercultural Education in Spain." education policy analysis archives 17 (February 15, 2009): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v17n4.2009.
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This paper reviews the scientific literature, both quantitative and qualitative, referred to several aspects of intercultural education in Spain from 1990 until 2008. The core themes found in the literature are the following: 1) schooling of immigrants and ethnic minorities, 2) models of intervention and educative proposals, 3) bilingual and linguistic diversity, 4) attitudes towards other cultures, and 5) intercultural citizenship and intercultural identity. Finally, it shows new open fields or gaps that are identified in the literature reviewed, and suggests ideas and strategies to strengthen intercultural research in the near future.
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Ermolieva, Eleonora, and Nadezhda Kudeyarova. "Spain in a Multidimensional Crisis: a Social Projection of Demographic Trends." Contemporary Europe 104, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope42021129139.
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The socio-economic situation in modern Spain is complex in many aspects, which makes it possible to characterize the current state of affairs as a multidimensional crisis. The Spanish case shows the interconnection of demographic processes with structurally complicated social phenomena. An overview of the demographic decline and birth rate drop is examined, as well as the plight of young Spaniards as a result of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic is given. The article also explores the problems of elder generation going through difficult times. On the basis of statistical data, the authors analyze the medium term prospects in the dynamics of population panorama, examine the impact of the migration factor, and show how the changing age structure and its attendant consequences pose an ever-wider range of issues for society, concerning both the younger generation and other age groups. From the perspective of demographic transformations, the article observes the situation in the pension sector, in light of the fact that Spain is one of the rapidly aging countries. The methodological approach used by the authors for a comprehensive analysis of demographic and socio-economic problems makes it possible to identify a range of interrelationships between the most important pillars of the Spanish social model.
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Bydanova, Elizaveta, Natalia Mushketova, and Gilles Rouet. "The Russian market of university services: social and demographic aspects." International Journal of Educational Management 29, no. 4 (May 11, 2015): 395–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-08-2013-0119.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of demographic, social, economic and international aspects on the market of university services in Russia. It also reminds readers briefly of the evolution of the Russian higher education system during the last 20 years and considers some consequences of the current public policy and reforms in this sector. Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides a qualitative analysis of the marketing environment of Russian universities. Findings – The results show that it is urgent for Russian universities to think and innovate about their marketing strategies to better position themselves in the educational market that has greatly changed throughout the transition period. International competition, demographic decrease, change in age structure and consumer behavior and preferences are those trends that create new challenges. Research limitations/implications – Public policy in higher education needs to be improved also to enable better equity across territory and different universities. Practical implications – After a drastic drop in the public funding during the 1990s (from 9.6 percent of GDP in 1986 to 3.5 percent in 1990), the higher education sector in Russia is still “struggling for survival.” In spite of the increase in funding in the year 2000, public support is distributed unequally across universities, 40 universities being distinguished among more than 1,100 other existing institutions. For those institutions that are not supported by the State, an efficient marketing strategy helps to keep the pace and continue to exist and offer educational programs. In order to ensure a wide access to higher education throughout the whole territory and to let some institutions to continue to work, it is urgent to rethink and reinforce marketing research in education. Originality/value – The paper is an original study of the market for higher education services in Russia.
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Kowsari, Mst Mosfika, Most Merina Akhter, Mst Shaheen Nawrozy, Shahela Jesmin, Md Zalal Uddin, and Hasan Md Abdur Rahim. "Socio-Demographic Aspects of Complicated Induced Abortions." TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association 31, no. 2 (May 29, 2019): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v31i2.41604.
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Worldwide millions of women seek induced abortion. When successful and complete, it remains secret and if complicated gets highlighted. Hospital data represents a tip of the ice berg. It is an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality but is preventable. This study was done to have a view to some socio-demographic aspects of induced abortion. This study was conducted from January 2012 to July 2012. Patients admitted with illegal induced abortion (N=50) were included in this study. Patients with spontaneous abortions were excluded. Data was collected using pre-designed data collection sheet and were expressed as actual number and percentage. Age range was 15-45 years with maximum incidence in 25-35 years. Peri-urban & rural area were the maximum habitat. Majority patients and their husbands were illiterate or only had primary level education. Most of them were housewives and majority of their husbands were day laborers or small-business holders. Most of their knowledge about different contraceptives was poor and knowledge of MR services was uncertain or none. 96% of their pregnancies were unwanted. Abortions were induced at local clinic, at own residences or at inducers’ residence. Methods of abortion induction were MR, drugs or herbal agents. Abortions were induced by nurse, respondents herself, ‘dai’ or by midwives; none by physician or well trained personnel. One (2%) patient died due to haemorrhage and sepsis. Rural, illiterate persons of our community with little or poor knowledge of family planning services are at risk of having unwanted pregnancy. And, poor knowledge regarding MR or related facilities, as well as legal restriction provokes them to induce abortions by poorly trained personnel and thereby endangering their lives.
TAJ 2018; 31(2): 63-67
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Aristovnik, Aleksander, Damijana Keržič, Nina Tomaževič, and Lan Umek. "Demographic determinants of usefulness of e-learning tools among students of public administration." Interactive Technology and Smart Education 13, no. 4 (November 21, 2016): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itse-09-2016-0033.
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Purpose In higher education, blended learning is already strongly established. The e-courses vary in their structure, assignments, prompt examinations, interaction between students and teachers, etc. Such aspects may influence the students’ perception of usefulness of blended learning. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors which influence that feeling and to look for possible differences in perception by different subgroups of students. Design/methodology/approach Students in the survey evaluated 13 aspects of e-courses in which they were enrolled. From enrolment documents, additional demographic data were collected (gender, high-school grade, study programme, etc.). A multiple linear regression was used with perceived usefulness as the response variable and the 12 other e-course aspects as predictors. Further, the same regression analysis was performed on different subgroups of students based on demographical data. Findings The empirical results showed that the general impression regarding the e-courses, their consistency with the face-to-face teaching and the teachers’ responsiveness had a significant influence on the students’ perception of the usefulness of e-courses. Further analysis based on demographic data revealed several subgroups of students where the perception of usefulness was influenced by different aspects. The teachers’ feedback and supplementing the tutorial play an important role in higher years of study, while the general impression loses its influence. Originality/value The paper is the first to explore the importance of demographic determinants of perceived usefulness of e-learning tools in EAPAA (European Association of Public Administration Accreditation)-accredited undergraduate public administration programmes.
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Ghosh, Sutap Kumar. "Demographic Aspects and Investors’ Decision Making Process: A Study." Journal of Asian Business Strategy 12, no. 2 (December 2, 2022): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.55493/5006.v12i2.4684.
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By illustrating the demographic composition of individual investors in the DSE of Bangladesh, examining the relationship between demographic factors and investment amount, exploring the relationship between demographic factors and investors' investment periods, highlighting the relationship between demographic factors and investors' emotional state, identifying the relationship between demographic factors and the impact of internal feeling on investors’ investment decision and establishing the relationship between demographic factors and investors’ correct investment decision-making, the current study seeks to fill the knowledge gap regarding the influence of demographic aspects on investors’ decision making process. Primary data are utilized to establish and explain concepts, while secondary data are also employed to support this empirical inquiry. Here, causal-comparative and descriptive study designs have both been applied. The study sample was chosen using the judgmental sampling technique. The characteristics of each investor are described by tabulation and percentage analysis. To depict the connection between demographic factors and individual investors' investment behaviour, various hypotheses are developed. For testing the hypotheses, ANOVA and the Chi-square test are utilized. In the DSE of Bangladesh, investors' decisions about investment quantity, investment time, emotional level, internal feeling, and appropriate investment decisions are strongly correlated with respondents' gender, age, education, occupation, and income.
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Gema Alcaraz-Mármol and María Victoria Guadamillas Gómez. "Bilingual Education in Spain: An Analysis of L2 Methodological Requirements and Non-Linguistic Disciplines Within Primary Education Legislation." Issues and Ideas in Education 7, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/iie.2019.72006.
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This article analyses the main legislation in Spain regarding Bilingual Education in the stage of Primary Education. Firstly, it divides Spanish regions into monolingual and bilingual. Later, it deals with the main legislation enforced in Primary Education, and carefully analyses three main aspects: teachers’ L2 level, teachers’ methodological requirements, and the non-linguistic discipline or disciplines included in bilingual programs together with the subjects’ language or languages of delivery and assessment. The first aspect, L2, is labelled following the different levels of the European Framework of Languages. As for teaching methodology, information has been classified as “not mentioned”, “recommended” or “required”. With regards to subjects, there are four different labels: “compulsory”, “optional”, “not mentioned”, and “not specified”. A high degree of heterogeneity is observed in two of the three areas analyzed. These differences among regions do not seem to be connected with their monolingual or bilingual nature. Finally yet importantly, it should be assumed that India and Spain are not close realities in some aspects. However, the study described above might help researchers, teachers or educational authorities to reflect upon some issues which are derived from CLIL(Content and Language Integrated Learning) methodology implementation in schools.
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Grasso, Alessandra C., Margreet R. Olthof, Anja J. Boevé, Corné van Dooren, Liisa Lähteenmäki, and Ingeborg A. Brouwer. "Socio-Demographic Predictors of Food Waste Behavior in Denmark and Spain." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 12, 2019): 3244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123244.
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Food waste generated at the household level represents about half of the total food waste in high-income countries, making consumers a target for food waste reduction strategies. To successfully reduce consumer food waste, it is necessary to have an understanding of factors influencing food waste behaviors (FWB). The objective of this study was to investigate socio-demographic predictors of FWB among consumers in two European countries: Denmark and Spain. Based on a survey involving 1518 Danish and 1511 Spanish consumers, we examined the associations of age, sex, education, marital status, employment status, and household size with FWB. By using structural equation modeling based on confirmatory factor analysis, we created the variable FWB from self-reported food waste and two activities that have been correlated with the amount of food wasted in previous studies: namely, shopping routines and food preparation. Results show that being older, unemployed, and working part-time were associated with less food waste behavior in both countries. In Denmark, being male was associated with more food waste behavior, and living in a household with four or more people was associated with less food waste behavior. These results underscore the modest role of socio-demographic characteristics in predicting food waste behavior in Europe.
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Jahedizadeh, Safoura, Behzad Ghonsooly, and Afsaneh Ghanizadeh. "Academic buoyancy in higher education." Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education 11, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 162–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-04-2018-0067.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design a new instrument toward assessing English as foreign language students’ academic buoyancy and to investigate the association between academic buoyancy and three demographic variables of GPA, gender and educational level using the newly-designed questionnaire. Design/methodology/approach To do so, a new questionnaire consisting of 27 items was designed which measures four aspects of L2 buoyancy, namely, sustainability, regularity adaptation, positive personal eligibility and positive acceptance of academic life. The scale was then translated into Persian and its validity (computed via confirmatory factor analysis estimates) and reliability (computed via Cronbach’s α) were substantiated. Findings All the items were found to have accepted factor loading. The results regarding the association between academic buoyancy and demographic variables along with the relevant discussion are presented. Originality/value Though over the years, researchers have used a variety of methods and scales to measure buoyancy, all of the instruments have been consisted of few items (usually four) which do not include the many aspects related to student buoyancy as one of the tenets of individual differences in positive psychology. Moreover, the same materials were used for distinctive settings of school and workplace in which the individuals adapt different goal orientations and perspectives. Consequently, the need for designing a comprehensive and specific instrument which includes all the aspects of academic buoyancy focusing on EFL students in higher education is manifested.
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Gutierrez, Enrique Javier Diez. "Female Principals in Education: Breaking the Glass Ceiling in Spain." Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 26, no. 65 (December 2016): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272665201611.
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Abstract Spanish schools are characterised by having a high proportion of female staff. However, statistics show that a proportionately higher number of men hold leadership positions. The aim of this study was to analyse the reasons why this is so, and to determine the motivations and barriers that women encounter in attaining and exercising these positions of greater responsibility and power. Questionnaires were administered to 2,022 female teachers, 430 female principals and 322 male principals. In addition, semi-structured interviews were held with 60 female principals, 14 focus group discussions were held with female principals and 16 autobiographical narratives were compiled with female principals and school inspectors. The reasons identified were related to structural aspects linked to the patriarchal worldview that is still dominant in our society and culture. Nevertheless, we also found motivations among women for attaining and exercising leadership roles.
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Piotrowska-Piątek, Agnieszka. "Internationalization of Polish higher education in the context of demographic challenges. Selected aspects." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2022, no. 162 (2022): 583–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2022.162.32.
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Purpose: This article addresses selected aspects of internationalization of higher education (HE) in Poland in the context of demographic changes. The purpose of it is to analyze the dynamics of the number of foreign students studying at Polish Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and their structure by type of HEI, field of study and origin. Design/methodology/approach: A review of the literature on the subject and desk research with reference to data from the Statistics Poland were used. The analysis, covered the years 2004-2020, was based on selected methods of descriptive statistics. Findings: Between 2004 and 2020, the number of foreign students increased almost 10-fold. The average growth rate in the analyzed time series was 15.2% for the group of HEIs and 21.5% for non-public HEIs. The choices of foreign students most often group fields of study in the areas of social sciences, economy and medicine. There has been an increase in interest in studies in technology and services, while there has been a marked decline in fields of study related to the humanities and education. Research limitations/implications: The demographic perspective adds a new dimension to the issues of growth and development of HEIs, that is why this issue involves further in-depth analysis. Practical implications: Despite the apparent positive change with regard to the number of student-foreigners studying at Polish HEIs, this statistic, compared to other European countries, is still unsatisfactory. In the face of projected further unfavorable demographic trends, countries with positive natural increase and younger age structures, become an opportunity to compensate for the loss of Polish students. Efforts by the entire HE sector are needed to seize these opportunities. It is necessary to further correlate sectoral policies — HE with population, foreign and social policies. HEIs should improve processes related to caring for the broader relationship with foreign students. Originality/value: The paper is addressed to all interested in HE policy. The study should be seen as a contribution to the existing discussion in the issue of growth and development of HEIs. Keywords: higher education, higher education institutions, internationalization, demography. Category of the paper: research paper.
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Vargas, Reyes, María Inmaculada Sánchez-Queija, Andrew Rothwell, and Águeda Parra. "Self-perceived employability in Spain." Education + Training 60, no. 3 (March 12, 2018): 226–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-03-2017-0037.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to validate the self-perceived employability (SPE) scale (Rothwell et al., 2008) and explore its relationship with sociodemographic variables in Spain. The SPE is an employability scale designed to examine undergraduates’ expectations and self-perceptions of employability. The SPE includes internal and external dimensions of employability and has been satisfactorily tested in a variety of contexts. Design/methodology/approach The sample comprised 1,502 Spanish undergraduate students from a broad range of subject areas. Confirmatory factor analyses and exploratory factor analyses were conducted. Finally, the Spanish-self-perceived employability (S-SPE) was studied in relation to a set of demographic variables. Findings The results revealed similar findings to those reported by Rothwell et al. (2008), namely, four factors labeled: the external labor market’s demand for people in my subject field, my confidence in my skills and abilities, the status and credibility of my field of study and my engagement with my studies and academic performance. The external and internal employability dimensions were obtained by forcing a two-factor solution. Men scored higher than women in the S-SPE; science students scored higher than arts and humanities undergraduates and students with higher perceived income levels scored higher than those with lower perceived income levels. Originality/value The S-SPE can be used with Spanish speaking university students (Spanish being the second most widely spoken language in the world) and allows cross-cultural comparisons of undergraduates’ SPE. The S-SPE may help guide the development of social policies and programs designed to enhance employability. It can be used with undergraduates as a diagnostic instrument in career counseling, and as a self-assessment instrument which will enable undergraduates to acquire a greater degree of self-knowledge in relation to their employability.
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Calvo-Aranda, E., F. M. Sanchez-Aranda, M. T. Navio Marco, L. Cebrian, M. A. Matias de la Mano, and L. Lojo. "THU0413 KEY ROLE OF THE CLINICAL NURSE SPECIALIST IN PATIENTS WITH GOUT: RESULTS OF A QUALITY-OF-CARE SURVEY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 444.2–444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6076.
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Background:Gout is the most common nontraumatic arthritis. With a prevalence in Spain of 2.4% and an increasing incidence, many gout patients are treated in Rheumatology. Different comorbidities complicate the management of this disease that not only attacks joints, but also induces kidney damage and accelerated atherosclerosis. This, together with a poor adherence to urate-lowering therapies and a suboptimal management, justifies its relevant morbidity and mortality, with high socioeconomic impact. Some studies suggest enhancing the role of the Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) in the care of gout to combat therapeutic failureObjectives:To determine the factors that affect the perceived quality and satisfaction of gout patients treated in Rheumatology with CNS support and identify areas for improvementMethods:In 2018, we implemented the following nurse-supported visit protocol- 1st(rheumatologist and nurse; face-to-face): clinical history, joint examination, vital signs, anthropometrics, start of treatment, comorbidities management, health promotion- 2nd(nurse; telephone, after analytical results): 1 month after 1stvisit. Targeted questions (adherence, side effects, attacks, blood pressure, lifestyle habits) and therapeutic adjustment- 3rd(rheumatologist and nurse; face-to-face): at 3-6 months. Targeted questions, joint examination, vital signs, anthropometrics, therapeutic adjustment, health promotion- 4th(rheumatologist and nurse; face-to-face): at 12 months. Targeted questions, examination, therapeutic adjustment, health promotion. Subsequently, semiannual/annual appointments in Rheumatology or Primary Care, according to patient complexity and gout controlWe applied a treat-to-target strategy (serum uric acid <5-6 mg/dl), facilitating patient access to us in case of attack, side effects or doubts. We conducted a cross-sectional observational study with demographic data and questions about care aspects included in a survey. We invite to respond anonymously and voluntarily to patients with a follow-up of ≥6 monthsResults:44 surveys were obtained between August 2019 and January 2020. 95% male, 55% with an age range of 46-60 years; 41% >60 years. 68% considered the referral time to our Department reasonable; excessively long for 14%. All respondents were satisfied with the face-to-face nurse-supported consultation, and 93% considered the telephone CNS consultation to be good. 57% were not able to remember the name of the CNS, compared to 27% who did not know the rheumatologist name. 91% considered that the time to solve doubts and for explanations was enough. 46% considered the availability of CNS/rheumatologist as good, and 37% as excellent. The global satisfaction was good in 48% and excellent in 43%Conclusion:We found a high global satisfaction in gout patients followed in our Department. They valued very positively the role of CNS in the face-to-face and telephone consultations, as well as the staff availability, their dedication to answer questions and offer explanations. We must remember our names to patients and optimize referral to our Department. Exploring patients’ opinions is essential. It improves communication, adherence and attention offered, and allows to provide them a better experience in their relationship with the DepartmentReferences:[1]Doherty M, Jenkins W, Richardson H, et al. Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of nurse-led care involving education and engagement of patients and a treat-to-target urate-lowering strategy versus usual care for gout: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;392(10156):1403–1412. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32158-5[2]Fuller A, Jenkins W, Doherty M, Abhishek A. Nurse-led care is preferred over GP-led care of gout and improves gout outcomes: results of Nottingham Gout Treatment Trial follow-up study [published online ahead of print, 2019 Aug 13]. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2019;kez333. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kez333Disclosure of Interests: :Enrique Calvo-Aranda Consultant of: GRÜNENTHAL, Speakers bureau: GRÜNENTHAL, MENARINI, SOBI, fernando manuel sanchez-aranda: None declared, maria teresa navio marco: None declared, Laura Cebrian: None declared, maria angeles matias de la mano: None declared, Leticia Lojo: None declared
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Saneleuterio, Elia, Rocío López-García-Torres, and Teresa Fernández-Ulloa. "Forestalling Bullying in Primary and Secondary Schools in Spain." Athens Journal of Education 10, no. 1 (January 27, 2023): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/aje.10-1-1.
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Bullying refers to degrading actions, recurring and prolonged, exerted by minors on an equal. Physical or virtual assaults and insults, rejections or intimidations that hinder the victims’ school activity and cause them to feel continually threatened are examples of bullying and cyberbullying, which have serious repercussions, not only on the emotional well-being and academic performance, but also on physical and mental health. It is necessary to build a citizenship engaged to education (Global Citizenship Education) to prevent bullying, and to work in other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The solutions must involve families and teachers, particularly in the context of regulated education, where participation can be promoted in a more planned and controlled way. Expert approaches insist on the relevance of the school to prevent aggression and discrimination through critical and reflective attitudes towards the violence that surrounds these situations. It is about teaching students to reject them ab initio as inappropriate. The aim of this paper is to identify the characteristics of the interventions aimed at the prevention and detection of physical and psychological violence among school children in various settings and populations, specifically in Spain, as well as their results and controversial aspects. Keywords: bullying, violence, harassment, prevention, global citizen education, sustainable development goals
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Blanco-López, Ángel, Enrique España-Ramos, Francisco José González-García, and Antonio Joaquín Franco-Mariscal. "Key aspects of scientific competence for citizenship: A Delphi study of the expert community in Spain." Journal of Research in Science Teaching 52, no. 2 (January 24, 2015): 164–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tea.21188.
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Atiénzar, Gabriel García, Silvia Martínez Amorós, and Laura M. Sirvent Cañada. "The Use of Rock Shelters During the Early Neolithic in the North of Alicante (Spain). The Site of Penya Roja de Catamarruc (Alicante, Spain) as a Case Study." Open Archaeology 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 765–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0165.
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Abstract The first Neolithic communities settled in the East of the Iberian Peninsula developed a complex strategy of land occupation. These strategies evolved as their social, demographic, and economic bases were transformed. In this paper, we focus on the analysis of archaeological sites located under rock shelters, which were recurrently occupied throughout the Early Neolithic. To deepen this analysis, we reviewed the archaeological record of Penya Roja de Catamarruc (Planes, Alicante), as well as other sites of similar characteristics. This information, combined with different spatial analyses – prominence, visibility, and capacity of use of the soils – allowed us to define a series of patterns of occupation and exploitation of the territory of the first Neolithic communities. This study highlights the importance of the forest as a resource related not only to hunting and gathering as traditionally seen, but also to shepherding.
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Lorence, Bárbara, Cristina Nunes, Susana Menéndez, Javier Pérez-Padilla, and Victoria Hidalgo. "Adolescent Perception of Maternal Practices in Portugal and Spain: Similarities and Differences." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 22, 2020): 5910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155910.
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The aim of this study was to compare parenting in two southern European countries, Spain and Portugal, according to adolescent perceptions from a situated perspective. A total of 445 Portuguese (58.88%) and Spanish (41.12%) adolescents completed a questionnaire about maternal practices and provided socio-demographic information. Portuguese and Spanish mothers were more responsive than coercive in controlling adolescents’ compliance and non-compliance situations. Spanish mothers scolded, revoked privileges, and punished physically more often than Portuguese mothers, who used dialogue more often. Multivariate analysis showed three groups of parenting practices. Portuguese mothers were represented mainly in the Indulgent group (81.70%), and Spanish mothers in the Authoritative group (74.40%), whereas the third group (Neglectful) was independent of the country of origin. These results support the theory that research and family intervention should recognize cultural aspects in order to grasp the parenting process.
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Garha, Nachatter Singh. "Masculinity in the Sikh Community in Italy and Spain: Expectations and Challenges." Religions 11, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11020076.
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Since the 1990s, the Sikh community in India has entered a phase of considerable socioeconomic and demographic transformation that is caused by the large-scale practice of female feticide, the spread of higher education among women, and the mass emigration of unskilled men to the Western countries. These changes have a great impact on the traditional configuration of gender roles and disrupt the construction of masculinity in the Sikh community in India and in the diaspora. Based on ethnographic observations and 64 in-depth interviews with Sikh immigrants in Spain (26) and Italy (22) and their relatives in India (16), this paper first explores the expectations of masculinity in the Sikh community in Italy and Spain; and second, analyses the challenges that are imposed by the socioeconomic and demographic transformation in the Indian Sikh community and the social environment in the host countries on the construction of masculinity in the Sikh community in both countries.
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Zambrana Tévar, Claustro, and Asunción Torquemada Vidal. "Use of web pages in environmental education." HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional de Humanidades 11, Monográfico (December 12, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37467/revhuman.v11.3957.
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Primary Education is the ideal time to instill proactive behaviors in young people around current environmental challenges. Analyzing the benefits of using Environmental Education websites, this research addresses the characteristics that these sites must have to fulfill their didactic function based on the needs shown by a sample of teachers from the Community of Madrid (Spain) from of an ad hoc questionnaire. The results show that the study objectives, motivation and activities proposed to students on websites are the most important aspects in the selection of resources for teachers.
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Pericacho Gómez, Francisco Javier, Felipe Jiménez Mediano, Jose Luis Estrada Chichón, and Roberto Sánchez Cabrero. "Primary Education schools and pedagogical renewal: Reviewing experiences." Educación y Humanismo 21, no. 36 (April 9, 2019): 176–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17081/eduhum.21.36.3293.
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Objective: In this article we review the support of several representative Primary Education schools in Spain (2015-16) for a pedagogical renewal that move away from the traditional model. Method: The methodology focuses on the study of outstanding bibliography, interviews with significant members, observation of centres and analysis of the content of educational projects. Results: The centers selected for analysis show multiple common pedagogical aspects, such as the participation of the educational community, the promotion of creativity among the students, as well as curricular, methodological and organizational flexibility. Discussion and Conclusion: Despite the uniqueness of each project, all show multiple common pedagogical aspects. This is due to the direct influence of the Spanish pedagogical renewal developed throughout the 20th century which has shaped the current renewing map of which this article analyses specific examples
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Rustamov, Rustam Ch. "ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECTS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN AZERBAIJAN." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 11/4, no. 131 (2022): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2022.11.04.013.
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The main purpose of the study is to analyze the socio-economic and demographic aspects of human potential development in Azerbaijan. The work is based on the methods of evaluation, structural-logical, historical and comparative analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction. The place and role of human potential in the system of social innovations as an important factor of innovative development of the country are revealed, characteristic features and effective mechanisms of economic management are revealed. It is stated that the human development index, calculated on the basis of indicators of education, average life expectancy and standard of living of the population, is directly related to the socio-economic and demographic development of the country. There is an urgent need to study the demographic and socio-economic aspects associated with this indicator. A deeper study of human potential development in Azerbaijan is required. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using it in improving the state policy in the field of education, personnel management, improving the innovative strategy for the development of regions and the country as a whole.
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Elorriaga, Alfonso. "The construction of male gender identity through choir singing at a Spanish secondary school." International Journal of Music Education 29, no. 4 (October 11, 2011): 318–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0255761411421091.
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Several authors have recently investigated the psychological aspects that play a determinant role in choral singing during adolescence. One of these aspects is vocal identity, which influences the construction of gender identity according to adolescents’ needs and societal gender roles. This article focuses on gender aspects of vocal identity during adolescence and describes a case study carried out with male adolescent singers at a secondary school choir in Spain. Qualitative data were collected and analyzed in order to get a deeper knowledge about the relationship between boys’ vocal identity and their gender identity. There was enough evidence to show that male adolescents felt more engaged with choral singing when they realized that their vocal identity was a powerful tool for constructing their male gender identity.
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Aristovnik, Aleksander, Nina Tomazevic, Damijana Kerzic, and Lan Umek. "The impact of demographic factors on selected aspects of e-learning in higher education." International Journal of Information and Learning Technology 34, no. 2 (March 6, 2017): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijilt-09-2016-0045.
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Purpose In higher education, a combination of traditional face-to-face learning and e-learning is becoming very popular. During their studies, students are enroled in several e-courses. They perceive various aspects of e-courses and show different responses when using teaching materials and learning in an e-course. The purpose of this paper is to measure such aspects from the students’ perspective and explore the differences among various subgroups of students. Design/methodology/approach In the survey, students expressed their opinions on 13 different aspects (a seven-level scale) of the e-courses in which they were enroled. In addition, the influence of some demographic characteristics was analysed. The authors used statistical tests (t-test and ANOVA) to compare the means among the analysed subgroups. Findings The empirical results reveal some differences among the subgroups of students. Students’ attitudes to blended learning increase significantly by year of study and decrease according to the amount of other non-study activities. Simplicity of finding materials in an e-course is the factor where male and female students differ significantly. This finding serves as a guideline for faculty management concerned with how to adjust blended learning to fulfil the various expectations of different student subgroups. Originality/value This paper’s insights will be of value to individuals and institutions engaged in the e-learning process in higher education. In particular, the results will be helpful to the faculty management and teachers with the main task to increase the engagement of particular groups of students regarding the work in e-courses.
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González-Gijón, Gracia, Nazaret Martínez-Heredia, Francisco Javier Jiménez Ríos, and Andrés Soriano Díaz. "Analysis of Ecological Values in Future Education Professionals in Andalusia (Spain)." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 15, 2021): 7934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147934.
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This study shows the hierarchy of values presented by first-year teacher training students studying at public universities in Andalusia (Spain), emphasising the analysis of ecological values in relation to the gender variable. For this purpose, we used a survey-type methodology with a quantitative approach. Participants were selected by means of probability sampling by clusters. The sample was finally composed of 651 students, of whom 226 were men (34.7%) and 425 women (65.3%) aged between 18 and 49 (M = 20.20 and T.D. = 3.736). The results show a high valuation of non-material aspects related to affectivity, morality, the individual and ecology, followed by values related to the body and its care, the social, the material and the aesthetic, and finally, values related to the intellectual, the political and the religious. The results show the influence of gender in the identification of ecological values and the variables that make them up, where women have higher averages in most of the items. We can therefore conclude that the gender variable influences the choice of ecological values presented by university students.
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Arco, J. L., F. D. Fernandez, V. A. Heilborn, and S. Lopez. "Demographic, Academic and Psychological Profile of Students Attending Counseling Services at the University of Granada (Spain)." International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling 27, no. 1 (March 2005): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10447-005-2249-8.
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Ancheta-Arrabal, Ana, and Carlos Segura. "Comparing Mathematics Early Years Education in Spain, Portugal and Slovenia." Mathematics 10, no. 15 (July 25, 2022): 2590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10152590.
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This work aims to examine how the learning of mathematics in early childhood is developed in different policies, particularly within the processes of formal education and care in early years institutions. A comparative analysis of early mathematics education policies across countries must consider cultural differences, teaching practice, structural differences and institutional framework conditions, as well as the initial training and professional knowledge of teachers and educators. Extracted from the official country regulations, the following pages include some of the main characteristics of the national systems of early childhood education and care (ECEC) in Portugal, Slovenia and Spain, as well as a comparison of the ECEC guidelines concerning mathematics education between these three countries. There is an international consensus on an approach to early mathematics education inspired by realistic mathematics education (RME), i.e., on the importance of working mathematically in context, as well as on the idea of doing so through play, developing the language to communicate mathematical ideas. However, we found that these three aspects are reflected very differently in the official regulations of the three countries: while in Spain the development is very detailed and emphasizes the holistic approach and the role of mathematics in exploring the environment, the Portuguese curriculum emphasizes the role of mathematics as a form of language. The Slovenian curriculum, at last, focuses on the concepts and procedures associated with each mathematical sense. Furthermore, there are structural features concerning the regulation and type of ECEC system that have an influence in the implementation of the curriculum.
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Oliver, Esther, Itxaso Tellado, Montserrat Yuste, and Rosa Larena Fernández. "The History of the Democratic Adult Education Movement in Spain." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 118, no. 4 (April 2016): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811611800404.
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Background/Context Traditional adult education in Spain treated the learner as a mere object that could be shaped by the educator. Although current practices of the democratic adult education movement in Spain reveals a completely opposite standpoint on adult education, there has been little analysis of the several influences converging and complementing one another to form the historical antecedents for the creation of the democratic adult education movement that emerged in the turn of the century, in 2000, in Spain. Purpose This article aims to study the origins of the democratic adult education movement in Spain by examining (1) the historical educational experiences in Spain, particularly before the dictatorship period and (2) the influences of some social and educational theories. Research Design Using historical analysis and literature analysis, this article is focused on the history of adult education in Spain, and, more particularly, presents an exhaustive document analysis based on historical aspects associated with the formation of the democratic adult education movement. Findings/Results The findings suggest that the shaping of the democratic adult education movement in Spain has been influenced by three main strands: the Spanish libertarian movement of the early 20th century, Paulo Freire's work and insights on adult education, and other social and educational theories from contemporary authors who conceive education as a tool for overcoming inequalities. In the present article, we show the influence of these strands on the DAE by identifying three main characteristics underpinning the movement, that is, the participants’ self-organization and management based on egalitarian dialogue, the recognition of the universal capability of communication and knowledge creation, and the access to higher culture by the working-class people. Conclusions/Recommendations This article concludes that many of the educational practices developed under the democratic adult education movement are radically democratic, given that it promotes providing working-class people with access to higher culture while building up solidarity ties with the most disadvantaged. The present research shows how the DAE movement and all its components open up new lessons for successful inclusion practices in adult education and its effects on the promotion of social transformations at the local, national, and international levels.
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Wiebe, Eric N., Eric Shaver, and Michael S. Wogalter. "Attitudes about the Internet: Implications for Use in Education." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 31, no. 2 (December 2002): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/l7ub-g81u-0md5-3fk7.
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This study identified beliefs and attitudes about the Internet in relation to different populations of higher education students. A pair of surveys were used to better understand positive and negative attitudes students harbor concerning the WWW and related Internet technologies. The responses were used to both validate what are the most salient positive and negative aspects of the Internet and to reveal differences in attitude toward these aspects based on demographic variables. The results are discussed with respect to the affective dimensions that shape the use of Internet-related technologies and the need for further research into the impact of the Internet on higher education.
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Araújo Vila, Noelia, Jose Antonio Fraiz Brea, and Lucília Cardoso. "The Influence of Sociodemographic Variables on Audiovisual Consumption: The Case of Spain." Social Sciences 8, no. 8 (August 13, 2019): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8080239.
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Different spectators have distinct patterns of audiovisual product consumption. These patterns may be influenced by a range of factors. In this context, the present study analyzes how audiovisual consumption is influenced by sociodemographic variables. To this end, primary data was collected through a survey with 484 Spanish spectators. The collected data was subjected to a descriptive analysis and a non-parametric Pearson’s chi-square test, in order to establish consumption patterns and potentially link them to demographic variables. Results show that consumption patterns vary according to gender, age, and formal education.
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Shahid, Sana, Basheer Ahmad, and Munib Badar. "Association of demographic and behavioral characteristics on financial decision making." Corporate Governance and Sustainability Review 1, no. 2 (2017): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgsrv1i2p3.
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Managerial Risk acceptance criteria are affected by several factors. The study focuses on demographic and behavioral factors that plays their role in altering their decision making process. Questionnaires were distributed for collecting response of different professionals holding managerial positions encompassing Demographic Factors i.e. gender, age, marital Status and education, Behavioral factors i.e. Excessive Optimism, Over Confidence and Emotional Intelligence on risk perception. Reliability of the questionnaire is assessed through Cron Bach Alpha and to evaluate technical aspects of all variables, Linear regression and General Linear Univariate model are used. It is found that the variables including both, behavioral and demographic aspects are significantly associated with risk acceptance.
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Butterfield, Earl C., Thomas O. Nelson, and Virginia Peck. "Developmental aspects of the feeling of knowing." Developmental Psychology 24, no. 5 (1988): 654–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.24.5.654.
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Carmen Díaz-Fernández, María, María Rosario González-Rodríguez, and Marek Pawlak. "Top management demographic characteristics and company performance." Industrial Management & Data Systems 114, no. 3 (April 8, 2014): 365–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-04-2013-0210.
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Purpose – The importance of the performance of a firm and the essential role played by the management in their accomplishment has been discussed and recognised by many researchers from Drucker to Upper Echelon Theory. Nonetheless, currently, anybody has been able to determine the precious and reliable parameters which let the firm achieve required-level performance. The confusion around this objective is still sufficient and the controversial has being growing widely over time, being the findings achieved contradictory, insufficient, imprecise and unreliable. Regarding the demographical literature findings focus on the premises previous related to Upper Echelon Theory. The purpose of this paper is to go further and try to test how, not only the level, but also the diversity of constructs like top management teams (TMT)'s demographic characteristics influence the firm performance accomplished by the managers by applying a Hierarchical Linear Regression Model. Design/methodology/approach – Based on primary data from two Spanish databases – SABI, CNMV – and secondary data, a sample size of 147 TMTs in large companies from 18 industries sector with headquarters in Spain over a four years period (2004-2007) were obtained. The analysis focused on the total TMT for each firm. To test the relationship between the company performance and the demographic constructs, a more recent methodology based on hierarchical linear models (HLMs) using a longitudinal dataset of multinational big firms with headquarters in Spain was applied. Findings – After applying the statistical techniques the results show a partial confirmation of the hypotheses formulated in the theoretical model proposed. First, the analysis evidences that company size is both highly correlated with TMT size and their demographic variables in terms of diversity. Second, the HLM shows that TMT's education-level diversity has a negative and significant impact on corporate performance and no significant effects for functionality and education background diversity have been found. Based on the accomplished findings, organisations appear to be more concerned about the employee's education level rather than their education background. Moreover, the model further supports that companies seem to be more aware of industry experience diversity than functionality diversity, also confirming a greater influence of the more international experience diversity of TMT on corporate performance. Originality/value – This study offers a significant contribution not only by specifying a three-level hierarchical regression models regarding diverse approaches to measure the performance variable as dependent variable but also by considering as predictors not only the level of the demographic variables but also their diversity. This knowledge is relevant for entrepreneurial purposes since it highlights the achievement of high performance. The results allow us to explain which constructs influence the achievement of firm performance. Thus, this knowledge could be relevant to the entrepreneurs to encourage the firm survival and growth. Furthermore, focused on an ambitious purpose, it reveals the parameters needed to achieve to get the optimums performance level. Hence, the present study contributes an attempt to advance the literature on TMT composition by applying multi-level theory given the nested structure of the data set. The paper is one of few studies which apply panel data to analyse the influences of TMT characteristics on corporate performance and one of the first focused on Spanish entrepreneurial context.
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Martínez-Borreguero, Guadalupe, Jesús Maestre-Jiménez, Milagros Mateos-Núñez, and Francisco Luis Naranjo-Correa. "Water from the Perspective of Education for Sustainable Development: An Exploratory Study in the Spanish Secondary Education Curriculum." Water 12, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 1877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12071877.
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Current educational curricula in Spain contain few references to sustainability topics, so there is insufficient coverage of these issues in the classroom. Notably, there is a lack of reference to the concept of water from a sustainable perspective. The key aim of this study was to analyze the presence of the concept of water in the curriculum that regulates secondary education in Spain using a previously established system of categories. An exploratory and descriptive research methodology was followed, in which we carried out a qualitative lexicographical analysis of the concept of water in the Spanish secondary education curriculum. An analysis of the cognitive demand required of students to learn about water, according to Bloom’s taxonomy, was also conducted. The results show that the concept of water appears moderately in the curriculum focusing on some aspects of Sustainable Development. Likewise, the analysis of the cognitive demand required of students for learning about water reveals that lower levels of knowledge and comprehension predominate based on Bloom’s taxonomy. We consider that teaching water from a sustainable perspective can generate in students awareness and values about nature and the environment, knowledge that contributes to sensible use of water and involvement for sustainable development.