Journal articles on the topic 'EDP anisotrope'
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1
Espinoza, Tomislav E. Monjak, and Laura Teresa Piñero Feliciangeli. "CRUSTAL SEISMIC ANISOTROPY AT THE EDGE OF THE SOUTH-EAST BORDER OF CARIBBEAN AND SOUTH AMERICAN PLATES." Revista Brasileira de Geofísica 31, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.22564/rbgf.v31i4.340.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT. Anisotropic properties in the NE of the Caribbean-South American plate are investigated based on the analysis of shear-wave splitting from new S local phase data. At the collisional front in the Caribbean and the South American plates and within the retro-arc region, fast wave polarization from local S phases show considerable variability. δt are small (<0.14 s) and no dependence with depth is observed suggesting the presence of an heterogeneous anisotropic region confined to the crust and that most of the upper-mantle wedge is isotropic. In the fore-arc, φ is fairly constant, the average value is sub-parallel to the Lesser Antilles trench and differs from teleseismic result, which is perpendicular to the trench, which suggests that the crust and mantle are decoupled. The difference between the δt found in S local events and teleseismic, suggests that there is another source of deep anisotropy, which can be attributed to mantle flow underneath or around the edges of the subducting Atlantic plate beneath the Caribbean. A mix combination of deformation mechanism such as micro-fractures EDA and vertical foliation on metamorphic rocks could be responsible for the large variability found for δt in S local phases in this region.Keywords: seismic anisotropy, deformation mechanisms, shear-wave splitting, crust, mantle RESUMEN. Se investigan las características anisotrópicas en el NE de la placa Caribe-Sur América basados en el análisis de nuevos resultados del desdoblamiento de ondas de corte en fases locales S. En el frente de colisión entre placa Caribe y Suramerica y en la zona de retro-arco, la polarización de onda rápida en eventos locales S muestran considerable variabilidad. Los δt son pequeños (<0,14s) y no presenta dependencia con la profundidad, sugiriendo la presencia de una región anisotropícamente heterogenea confinada a la corteza, siendo además la cuña del manto superior isotrópico. En el ante-arco, φ es poco variable, el valor promedio es sub-paralello a la trinchera de las Antillas Menores y difiere del valor obtenido para fases telesísmicas el cual es perpendicular a la trinchera, lo cual sugiere que la corteza y el manto en esta zona se encuentran desacoplados. La diferencia entre los δt en eventos locales S y telesísmicos, sugiere que existe otra fuente de anisotropía profunda, que se puede atribuir a flujo mantélico debajo o alrededor de los bordes de la placa Atlántica en subducción debajo del Caribe. Una combinación de mecanismos de deformación, tales como micro-fracturas EDA y foliación vertical en rocas metamórficas podría ser responsable de la gran variabilidad encontrada en los δt en fases S locales en esta región.Palabras claves: anisotropía sísmica, mecanismos de deformación, doblamiento de ondas de corte, corteza, manto.
2
Tellier, C. R., T. G. Leblois, and A. Charbonnieras. "Chemical Etching of {hk0} Silicon Plates in EDP Part I: Experiments and Comparison with TMAH." Active and Passive Electronic Components 23, no. 1 (2000): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/apec.23.37.
Abstract:
This paper deals with the anisotropic chemical etching of various silicon plates etched in EDP. Changes with orientation in geometrical features of etched surface and in the etching shape of starting circular sections are systematically investigated. These etching shapes are compared with shapes produced by etching in KOH and TMAH solutions; This experimental study allows us to determine the dissolution slowness surface for the EDP solution and to investigate the real influence of the etchant on two dimensional and three dimensional etching shapes.
3
Sukhomlinov, Vladimir S., Alexander S. Mustafaev, Hend Koubaji, Nikolay A. Timofeev, and Oscar Murillo. "Kinetic theory of instability in the interaction of an electron beam and plasma with an arbitrary anisotropic electron velocity distribution function." New Journal of Physics 23, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 123044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac4125.
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Abstract Based on the kinetic approach, this work investigates the stability of the system consisting of a fast electron beam and a dense plasma at an arbitrary (anisotropic) electron velocity distribution function. It is shown that during the interaction of a fast electron beam with a cold plasma, both the conditions for losing stability and the growth rate of disturbances do not depend on the form of the electron distribution function (EDF) of a plasma and are determined only by the ratio of the electron beam energy to the mean energy in a plasma. With an increase in the mean electron energy in the plasma, it becomes necessary to take into account the following energy moments of the EDF. It was found that the plasma anisotropy has a significant effect on both the stability loss conditions and the growth rate. The physical reason for this effect is the shift in the plasma frequency due to the Doppler effect caused by the plasma anisotropy in the coordinate system moving along with the beam. Other findings include a region of anomalous dispersion of the electron beam–plasma system and regions of negative group velocity of perturbations in such system. Physical interpretations are proposed for all the observed effects.
4
Kaviris, G., I. Spingos, V. Kapetanidis, and P. Papadimitriou. "PRELIMINARY SHEAR-WAVE SPLITTING RESULTS IN THE BROADER AIGION AREA (GREECE) DURING 2013." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 50, no. 3 (July 27, 2017): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11821.
Abstract:
An anisotropic upper crust has been revealed in the W. Gulf of Corinth with potentially changing properties. During 2013, a unique opportunity to conduct a shear-wave analysis was presented, as a combination of the significantly increased seismicity in the area, including a seismic swarm between May and August, and the existence of local seismological networks. The Hellenic Unified Seismological Network (HUSN) and the Corinth Rift Laboratory Network (CRLN) provided invaluable data during the unrest period. While shear-waves travel through an anisotropic medium, the splitting phenomenon takes place and, as a result, their propagation is characterized by two discernible components: the fast (Sfast) and the slow (Sslow) one, which arrives to the station in a subsequent temporal point. Modern advances in seismology and geophysics have rendered shear-wave splitting a valuable tool in determining properties of the anisotropic propagation media. One of the predominant causes of this phenomenon is the existence of microcracks throughout the upper crust. The current study presents results for 8 stations from 535 analyzed events that are in agreement with the anisotropy models of EDA and APE.
5
Konstantinopoulos, D., D. Giannopoulos, E. Sokos, K. I. Konstantinou, and G. A. Tselentis. "THE CRUSTAL ANISOTROPY PATTERN IN THE EPICENTRAL AREA OF THE 2008 MW 6.4 EARTHQUAKE IN NORTHWEST PELOPONNESE, GREECE." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 50, no. 3 (July 27, 2017): 1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11823.
Abstract:
An anisotropic upper crust has been revealed in the W. Gulf of Corinth with potentially changing properties. During 2013, a unique opportunity to conduct a shear-wave analysis was presented, as a combination of the significantly increased seismicity in the area, including a seismic swarm between May and August, and the existence of local seismological networks. The Hellenic Unified Seismological Network (HUSN) and the Corinth Rift Laboratory Network (CRLN) provided invaluable data during the unrest period. While shear-waves travel through an anisotropic medium, the splitting phenomenon takes place and, as a result, their propagation is characterized by two discernible components: the fast (Sfast) and the slow (Sslow) one, which arrives to the station in a subsequent temporal point. Modern advances in seismology and geophysics have rendered shear-wave splitting a valuable tool in determining properties of the anisotropic propagation media. One of the predominant causes of this phenomenon is the existence of microcracks throughout the upper crust. The current study presents results for 8 stations from 535 analyzed events that are in agreement with the anisotropy models of EDA and APE.
6
Rahn, Perry H., and Christopher S. Johnson. "Effects of anisotropic transmissivity on a contaminant plume at Nemo, South Dakota." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.8.1.11.
Abstract:
Abstract In 1996 low concentrations of ethylene dibromide (EDB) were found in thirteen domestic water wells in Precambrian metamorphic rocks at Nemo, South Dakota. The source of the contaminant is believed to be the result of pesticides disposed at a U.S. Forest Service Work Station area in the 1970s. Monitoring wells were installed and ground water from nine of them contained EDB. Sixteen additional wells within three kilometers of Nemo were sampled but EDB was not detected. Water in two domestic wells one kilometer south-southeast of Nemo had high concentrations, 13 and 2.2 micrograms per liter of EDB. The impacted landowners were initially provided bottled water by the USFS. The USFS then drilled new wells outside of the contaminant plume which now provide water to the impacted landowners. An equipotential map indicates that ground water should flow easterly. However the contaminant plume extends towards the south-southeast, in the direction as the foliation in the Precambrian phyllite and quartzite at Nemo. This foliation strongly influences the direction of contaminant migration. Based on an equipotential map and the known plume orientation, a graphical solution of the transmissivity anisotropy indicates that the major transmissivity is oriented N 10 degrees W and is approximately 0.73 m 2 /d. The minor transmissivity is 0.13 m 2 /d. A computer solution utilizing anisotropic transmissivity generated a plume which agrees with the field data.
7
Zhang, Yi, Jin Ma, Qiang Wang, Yongbiao Yang, Mingjie Zhu, Penglai Jia, Yuhao Duan, and Zhimin Zhang. "Study on anisotropic behavior of 7075 Al alloy after extrusion." Materials Research Express 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 026508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac4fdd.
Abstract:
Abstract For an extrusion process of 7075 Al alloy, the extrusion direction of the initial blank is changed to study the mechanical properties of the formed plates and characterize their microstructure. The as-received bar is extruded 7075 Al alloy. The secondary extrusion deformation is along and perpendicular to the initial extrusion direction. The results show that the anisotropy of mechanical properties of the two samples decreases obviously after secondary deformation. The anisotropy of yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of ED90 sample is lower than that of ED0 sample, but the plastic anisotropy is slightly higher than that of ED0 sample. In addition, the recrystallized grain proportion of ED90 sample is high and the texture strength is low, so the Schmid factor in the three directions is similar. The tensile fracture mode of the two samples belongs to ductile fracture, but the morphology of dimple and the size of cleavage plane are slightly different.
8
Kroemer, R. T., Y. Michopoulos, and B. M. Rode. "Intermolecular Potential Function Including Anisotropie Terms for Ammonia/Cu2+ Based on ab-initio Calculations." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 45, no. 11-12 (December 1, 1990): 1303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1990-11-1212.
Abstract:
AbstractAn intermolecular pair potential function for Cu2+-NH3 has been derived based on ab-initio calculations with a ECP-DZV basis set. For copper the original ECP-DZV basis set was modified in order to avoid unwanted charge-transfer effects. The final potential function including anisotropic terms was constructed from a total of 679 configurations.
9
Tan, Michael, and Mary Donnabelle Balela. "One-Pot Synthesis of High Aspect Ratio Copper Nanowires in Aqueous Solution." Advanced Materials Research 1119 (July 2015): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1119.34.
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We report a one-pot, low temperature process for the synthesis of high-aspect ratio copper nanowires in aqueous solution for 1 hr. Ethylene diamine (EDA) was utilized to promote anisotropic reduction of Cu (II) by hydrazine. Cu nanowires with mean diameters around 90 nm and lengths exceeding 50 μm were synthesized using 180 mM EDA at 60°C, giving an effective aspect ratio of about 450. Without EDA, nanoparticle growth is observed. The synthesis temperature was also significant in limiting nanoparticle formation. Decreasing the temperature resulted to 1D growth and fewer nanoparticles.
10
Liu, Qingyu, Qinhe Zhang, Min Zhang, and Jianhua Zhang. "Effect of Crystallographic Anisotropy on Micro EDM Process." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 30, no. 8 (September 30, 2014): 961–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2014.962660.
11
Hayashi, Shintaro, Teppei Minoda, and Kiyotomo Ichiki. "Constraints on the phase transition of early dark energy with the CMB anisotropies." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2023, no. 05 (May 1, 2023): 032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/05/032.
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Abstract Early dark energy (EDE) models have attracted attention in the context of the recent problem of the Hubble tension. Here we extend these models by taking into account the new density fluctuations generated by the EDE which decays around the recombination phase. We solve the evolution of the density perturbations in dark energy fluid generated at the phase transition of EDE as isocurvature perturbations. Assuming that the isocurvature mode is characterized by a power-law power spectrum and is uncorrelated with the standard adiabatic mode, we calculate the CMB angular power spectra. By comparing them to the Planck data using the Markov-Chain Monte Carlo method, we obtained zero-consistent values of the EDE parameters and H 0 = 67.56+0.65 -0.66 km s-1 Mpc-1 at 68 % CL. This H 0 value is almost the same as the Planck value in the ΛCDM model, H 0 = 67.36 ± 0.54 km s-1 Mpc-1, and there is still a ∼ 3.5σ tension between the CMB and Type Ia supernovae observations. Including CMB lensing, BAO, supernovae and SH0ES data sets, we find H 0 = 68.94+0.47 -0.57 km s-1 Mpc-1 at 68 % CL. The amplitude of the fluctuations induced by the phase transition of the EDE is constrained to be less than 1–2 percent of the amplitude of the adiabatic mode. This is so small that such non-standard fluctuations cannot appear in the CMB angular spectra. In conclusion, the isocurvature fluctuations induced by our simplest EDE phase transition model do not explain the Hubble tension well.
12
Wang, Yong. "Prestack P-Wave Anisotropy Characteristic Analysis in EDA Media." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 4647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.4647.
Abstract:
With the rapid development of China's national economy, oil and gas development and utilization of resources is also increasing, dwindling reserves of conventional oil and gas reservoirs. These inevitably lead to oil and gas exploration direction shifted gradually from shallow depth, by a conventional steering reservoir unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, fractured reservoirs will become the focus of the current oil and gas exploration areas. This paper studied the basic theory of fractured media, from the speed and the amplitude of pre-stack anisotropic characteristics are analyzed theoretically. Researches of these basic theories of EDA media provide a basis for the exploration of the fractured reservoirs.
13
Lewis, Catherine, Thomas L. Davis, and Claude Vuillermoz. "Three‐dimensional multicomponent imaging of reservoir heterogeneity, Silo Field, Wyoming." GEOPHYSICS 56, no. 12 (December 1991): 2048–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443017.
Abstract:
The Reservoir Characterization Project at Colorado School of Mines acquired a three‐dimensional (3-D) multicomponent survey over Silo field in southeastern Wyoming with the objective of imaging reservoir heterogeneity. A 3-D shear‐wave survey resolved spatial variations in the fracture distribution of Niobrara chalks by detecting small percentages of anisotropy induced by fractures in chalks of the Niobrara reservoir. In addition, the compressional‐wave survey imaged structural drape over a zone of deeper salt dissolution, which fractured the brittle chalks. Rotation analysis of the shear‐wave survey took advantage of its 3-D nature to identify an azimuthal pattern of anisotropy associated with vertical fractures, known as extensive dilatancy anisotropy (EDA). The shear‐wave data were sorted by shot‐to‐geophone azimuth to search for the orthorhombic pattern of anisotropy that might be expected from the combined effects of sedimentary layering and vertical fractures, but it was not found at Silo Field. Although groundroll contaminated some of the “pie slices” of azimuth in the rotation analysis, the redundancy of ten “pie slices” enabled us to determine an overall fracture orientation of N 58° W. The 3-D shear‐wave survey yielded a picture of fracture variability that could not be determined from well control alone. Fracture‐identification logs and production records were used in interpreting the anisotropy determined from the shear waves. Large positive values of anisotropy in the Niobrara interval, up to 5 percent, coincided with good producers in the field, while smaller magnitudes of anisotropy were tied to poor producers. Combining the multicomponent seismic recording with 3-D survey techniques added lateral resolution to the reservoir description and rendered a more complete understanding of the pattern of anisotropy resulting from fractures in the reservoir.
14
Wu, Chaoqun, Shiyu Cao, Yong Jie Zhao, Huan Qi, Xiaoling Liu, Gongyu Liu, Jianglong Guo, and Hao Nan Li. "Preheating assisted wire EDM of semi-conductive CFRPs: Principle and anisotropy." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 288 (February 2021): 116915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2020.116915.
15
Durand, G., F. Gillet-Chaulet, A. Svensson, O. Gagliardini, S. Kipfstuhl, J. Meyssonnier, F. Parrenin, P. Duval, and D. Dahl-Jensen. "Change of the ice rheology with climatic transitions – implication on ice flow modelling and dating of the EPICA Dome C core." Climate of the Past Discussions 2, no. 6 (November 20, 2006): 1187–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-2-1187-2006.
Abstract:
Abstract. The study of the distribution of the crystallographic orientations (the fabric) along ice cores supplies information on the past and current ice flows of ice-sheets. Beside the usually observed formation of a vertical single maximum fabric, the EPICA Dome Concordia ice core (EDC) shows an abrupt and unexpected strenghtening of its fabric during termination II around 1750 m depth. Such strengthenings were already observed for sites located on an ice-sheet. This suggests that horizontal shear could occur along the EDC core. Moreover, the change in the fabric leads to a modification of the viscosity between neighbouring ice layers. Through the use of an anisotropic ice flow model, we quantify the change in viscosity and investigate its implication on ice flow and dating.
16
Heorton, H. D. B. S., D. L. Feltham, and M. Tsamados. "Stress and deformation characteristics of sea ice in a high-resolution, anisotropic sea ice model." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2129 (August 20, 2018): 20170349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0349.
Abstract:
The drift and deformation of sea ice floating on the polar oceans is caused by the applied wind and ocean currents. Over ocean basin length scales the internal stresses and boundary conditions of the sea ice pack result in observable deformation patterns. Cracks and leads can be observed in satellite images and within the velocity fields generated from floe tracking. In a climate sea ice model the deformation of sea ice over ocean basin length scales is modelled using a rheology that represents the relationship between stresses and deformation within the sea ice cover. Here we investigate the link between emergent deformation characteristics and the underlying internal sea ice stresses using the Los Alamos numerical sea ice climate model. We have developed an idealized square domain, focusing on the role of sea ice rheologies in producing deformation at spatial resolutions of up to 500 m. We use the elastic anisotropic plastic (EAP) and elastic viscous plastic (EVP) rheologies, comparing their stability, with the EAP rheology producing sharper deformation features than EVP at all space and time resolutions. Sea ice within the domain is forced by idealized winds, allowing for the emergence of five distinct deformation types. Two for a low confinement ratio: convergent and expansive stresses. Two about a critical confinement ratio: isotropic and anisotropic conditions. One for a high confinement ratio and isotropic sea ice. Using the EAP rheology and through the modification of initial conditions and forcing, we show the emergence of the power law of strain rate, in accordance with observations. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling of sea-ice phenomena’.
17
Durand, G., F. Gillet-Chaulet, A. Svensson, O. Gagliardini, S. Kipfstuhl, J. Meyssonnier, F. Parrenin, P. Duval, and D. Dahl-Jensen. "Change in ice rheology during climate variations – implications for ice flow modelling and dating of the EPICA Dome C core." Climate of the Past 3, no. 1 (March 19, 2007): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-3-155-2007.
Abstract:
Abstract. The study of the distribution of crystallographic orientations (i.e., the fabric) along ice cores provides information on past and current ice flow in ice-sheets. Besides the usually observed formation of a vertical single maximum fabric, the EPICA Dome C ice core (EDC) shows an abrupt and unexpected strengthening of its fabric during termination II around 1750 m depth. Such strengthening has already been observed for sites located on an ice-sheet flank. This suggests that horizontal shear could occur along the EDC core. Moreover, the change in the fabric leads to a modification of the effective viscosity between neighbouring ice layers. Through the use of an anisotropic ice flow model, we quantify the change in effective viscosity and investigate its implication for ice flow and dating.
18
Harel, Asaff, Dylan Sperling, Maria Petracca, Achillefs Ntranos, Ilana Katz-Sand, Stephen Krieger, Fred Lublin, Zichen Wang, Yangbo Liu, and Matilde Inglese. "Brain microstructural injury occurs in patients with RRMS despite ‘no evidence of disease activity’." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 89, no. 9 (March 16, 2018): 977–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2017-317606.
Abstract:
ObjectivesThe accuracy of ‘no evidence of disease activity’ (NEDA) in predicting long-term clinical outcome in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is unproven, and there is growing evidence that NEDA does not rule out disease worsening. We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate whether ongoing brain microstructural injury occurs in patients with RRMS meeting NEDA criteria.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study to identify patients with RRMS visiting our centre over a 3-month period who had undergone prior longitudinal DTI evaluation at our facility spanning ≥2 years. Patients meeting NEDA criteria throughout the evaluation period were included in the NEDA group, and those not meeting NEDA criteria were included in an ‘evidence of disease activity’ (EDA) group. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) maps were created, and annual rates of change were calculated.ResultsWe enrolled 85 patients, 39 meeting NEDA criteria. Both NEDA and EDA groups showed longitudinal DTI worsening. Yearly FA decrease was lower in the NEDA group (0.5%, p<0.0001) than in the EDA group (1.2%, p=0.003), while yearly MD increase was similar in both groups (0.8% for NEDA and EDA, both p<0.01). There was no statistical difference in deterioration within and outside of T2 lesions. DTI parameters correlated with disability scores and fatigue complaints.ConclusionsWhite matter microstructural deterioration occurs in patients with RRMS over short-term follow-up in patients with NEDA, providing further evidence of the limitations of conventional measures and arguing for DTI in monitoring of the disease process.
19
Zhang, Zhongjie, Jiwen Teng, and Zhenhua He. "Azimuthal anisotropy of seismic velocity, attenuation andQ value in viscous EDA media." Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences 43, no. 1 (December 2000): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02917133.
20
Wang, Yan, Xi Zhou, Lu Bin Zhong, Yan Feng Shi, Yuan Can Huang, Shi Chao Wu, and Qi Qing Zhang. "Controllable Assembly of Au Nanorods through Recognition of h-IgG and Anti-h-lgG Fab." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.416.
Abstract:
We present a strategy to fabricate discrete Au nanorods (AuNRs) into controllable side-by-side (SS) and end-to-end (EE) assemblies through bio-recognition of h-IgG and anti-hIgG Fab. Due to anisotropic properties of AuNRs, bifunctional PEG (SH-PEG-COOH) with low concentration preferentially bound to the ends of AuNRs while high concentration and large amount resulted in binding on the side surfaces and then proteins were covalently conjugated to either surface through EDC/NHS. Thus, controllable SS and EE assembly of AuNRs were obtained through antibody-antigen recognition.
21
Wild, Philip, and Stuart Crampin. "The range of effects of azimuthal isotropy and EDA anisotropy in sedimentary basins." Geophysical Journal International 107, no. 3 (December 1991): 513–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1991.tb01412.x.
22
Gerber, Sylvain. "Not all roads can be taken: development induces anisotropic accessibility in morphospace." Evolution & Development 16, no. 6 (September 11, 2014): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ede.12098.
23
Zhao, Li Jie, and Qiang Fu. "Parametric Study of EAPap Material Properties." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.242.
Abstract:
Cellulose paper is used as base material for so-called electroactive papers (EAPap) actuator. EAPap is a complex anisotropic material, which has not been extensively characterized and additional basic testing is required before developing application devices from EAPap. Mechanical properties of EAPap were investigated in this work under different environmental conditions (humidity, temperature, and electrical field) and configurations. It shows viscoelastic effect and exhibits two distinct elastic and plastic modulus connected by a bifurcation point. Through tests, environment and configuration effects on EAPap are obtained to researchers and designers interested in the field of smart materials and EAP.
24
Kaviris, G., P. Papadimitriou, and K. Makropoulos. "ANISOTROPY STUDY OF THE FEBRUARY 4TH 2008 SWARM IN NW PELOPONNESUS (GREECE)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 4 (January 25, 2017): 2084. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11398.
Abstract:
The Gulf of Corinth, located in central Greece, is characterized by normal faulting and by high seismicity since the antiquity. On 4 February 2008 a seismic swarm burst in NW Peloponnesus characterized by the occurrence of two moderate-size earthquakes of moment magnitudes 4.7 and 4.5, respectively. Analysis of the data revealed the existence of shear-wave splitting. The events that were chosen for the anisotropy study fit the selection criteria, having clear and impulsive S wave arrival phases on the horizontal components. In addition, the amplitude of the S wave phase on the vertical component was smaller than on the horizontal ones. The representations that were used to determine the polarization direction of the fast split shear wave, the time delay between the two split shear waves and the polarization direction of the source were the polarigram and the hodogram. The uniform fast shear wave polarizations, irrespective of the azimuth of each event, are consistent with the general NNE-SSW direction of extension in the Gulf and, therefore, in agreement with the extensive dilatancy anisotropy (EDA) model. Finally, a decrease of the time delay values was observed after the occurrence of the first moderate earthquake, implying changes of the medium’s properties.
25
Maxim, F., P. Ferreira, P. M. Vilarinho, A. Aimable, and P. Bowen. "Electron-microscopic observation of BaTiO3 prepared by additive assisted aqueous synthesis." Microscopy and Microanalysis 15, S3 (July 2009): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927609990717.
Abstract:
AbstractBulk barium titanate (BaTiO3) has found widespread applications especially in multi-layered ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) and embedded decoupling capacitors (EDC). In the last years, the interest in one-dimensional (1D) nanostructured ferroelectric systems (nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods, nanobelts, nanofibers) is increasing. Recently theoretical studies reported an enhancement of ferroelectricity in 1D systems. Although the hydrothermal and aqueous synthesis of equiaxed barium titanate powders have been thoroughly investigated the growth of barium titanate anisotropic nanoparticles still less known. Indeed it is particularly dificult to modify the crystal habit by hydrothermal and related methods. However it is expected that the presence of some additives during the synthesis will change the growth kinetics.
26
Joy, D. C. "Channeling in and channeling out: The origins of electron backscattering and electron channeling contrast." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 592–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100170694.
Abstract:
Two techniques are now in common use for obtaining crystallographic information from crystals in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) - electron channeling patterns (ECP) in which variations in the angle of incidence of the beam with respect to crystal produce variations in the backscattering yield; and electron backscattering patterns (EBSP) in which a stationary electron beam impinges on the crystal and anisotropies in the angular distribution of the backscattering profile are viewed on a screen. The ECP and EBSP techniques seem superficially to be very different, but they are in fact closely related through the principle of reciprocity and the concept of Bloch waves. A plane electron wave incident on a crystal can be decomposed into Bloch waves ψi which are the solutions of the Schroedinger equation for waves in a periodic potential. In the simplest case (figure 1) just two waves are present. The maxima in the probability distributions I ψi. ψi*| of these Bloch waves (i.e the chance of finding an electron) are periodic with a repeat distance equal to the lattice spacing, but for wave I these maxima occur half-way between the planes while for wave II the maxima occur on the lattice planes.
27
Shen, Chao-Yu, Jun-Cheng Weng, Jeng-Dau Tsai, Pen-Hua Su, Ming-Chih Chou, and Shu-Li Wang. "Prenatal Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Subsequent Brain Structure Changes Revealed by Voxel-Based Morphometry and Generalized Q-Sampling MRI." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 4798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094798.
Abstract:
Previous studies have indicated that prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can cause adverse neuropsychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. This study aimed to determine the association between the concentrations of prenatal EDCs and brain structure changes in teenagers by using MRI. We recruited 49 mother–child pairs during the third trimester of pregnancy, and collected and examined the concentration of EDCs—including phthalate esters, perfluorochemicals (PFCs), and heavy metals (lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury)—in maternal urine and/or serum. MRI voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and generalized q-sampling imaging (GQI) mapping—including generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA), normalized quantitative anisotropy (NQA), and the isotropic value of the orientation distribution function (ISO)—were obtained in teenagers 13–16 years of age in order to find the association between maternal EDC concentrations and possible brain structure alterations in the teenagers’ brains. We found that there are several specific vulnerable brain areas/structures associated with prenatal exposure to EDCs, including decreased focal brain volume, primarily in the frontal lobe; high frontoparietal lobe, temporooccipital lobe and cerebellum; and white matter structural alterations, which showed a negative association with GFA/NQA and a positive association with ISO, primarily in the corpus callosum, external and internal capsules, corona radiata, superior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and superior longitudinal fasciculus. Prenatal exposure to EDCs may be associated with specific brain structure alterations in teenagers.
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Bajpai, Vivek, Pratik Mahambare, and Ramesh K. Singh. "Effect of Thermal and Material Anisotropy of Pyrolytic Carbon in Vibration-Assisted Micro-EDM Process." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 31, no. 14 (December 23, 2015): 1879–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2015.1127937.
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Brooks, S. G., P. N. Chroston, and D. C. Booth. "Extensive-dilatancy anisotropy (EDA) inferred from observations of crustal shear waves generated by a refraction experiment in northern Scandinavia." Geophysical Journal International 90, no. 1 (July 1, 1987): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1987.tb00681.x.
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Lin, Chang-You, Chang-Fu Yang, Yu-Xia Wu, and Jun-Ying Chen. "The MT inversion for conductivity anisotropy and EDA precursor, stress field and deformation band in the Earth’s deep crust." Acta Seismologica Sinica 9, no. 3 (August 1996): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02650977.
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Khosravi, Somayeh, Majid Monajjemi, and Ali Shamel. "Drug delivery via super-paramagnetic (N2)n[SiO2(OH)2]8 Core-Shell catalyst." Revista de la Universidad del Zulia 11, no. 30 (July 2, 2020): 364–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.30.23.
Abstract:
The MNPs @ [SiO2(OH)2]8 catalyzers were stablished via ab-initio and quantum mechanics & Molecular mechanic (QM/MM) simulation. The studies focus on how to improve the dispersion of composite particle for achieving high magnetic performances. The results revealed that the Fe3O4 @[SiO2 (OH)2]8(N2)8 as a cabalist exhibited better thermodynamic stability and dispersion than the magnetite nanoparticles. Furthermore, the particle size and magnetic properties of the [SiO2 (OH)2]8(N2)8 composite nanoparticles can be controlled by changing the functional groups. The electrical properties such as NMR Shielding, electron densities, energy densities, potential energy densities, ELF, LOL, of electron density, eta index, ECP, ESR and hyperfine interactions for Fe3O4@ [SiO2(OH)2]8(N2)8 have been calculated. As the catalyst could be easily recovered by magnetic separation and recycled for a few times without significant loss of its catalytic activity, we have calculated to obtain the stronger non bonded interaction in the Fe3O4@ [SiO2(OH)2]8(N2)8 system. This system can be used for antibiotics drug delivery instead of injection. The chemical shielding and several factors as the same electronegativity, magnetic anisotropy of π-systems will be changed due to the number of electrons The chemical shielding is a vector orientation function for all of the shielding parameters that can change in several places inside the shielding region.
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Sun, Zhen Yu, and Ji Cheng Zhao. "The Research and Application of Segregated Completion Technology in Horizontal Wells in the Heavy Oil Reservoirs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 694 (November 2014): 350–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.694.350.
Abstract:
Liaohe oilfield is the biggest production base of the heavy oil in China. There are more than 800 horizontal wells with thermal recovery in the heavy oil reservoirs. Most of them adopt screen to complete the wells without packer outside of the casing, which results in packing off annulus space between screen and layer and only commingled steam or step steam can be injected inside the screen. Because of the areal and vertical anisotropy of the reservoirs, the horizontal sections are exploited unequally. According to the statistics, the horizontal wells with nonuniform exploitation accounts for 80 percent of all the horizontal wells with thermal recovery, and only 1/3 to 1/2 of the horizontal sections are comparatively well produced. The oil well productivity is seriously affected. So based on step steam injection inside the screen, we have developed the segregated completion and segregated steam injection technology applied to the horizontal wells with thermal recovery in heavy oil reservoirs. By means of the research on the segregated completion technology and development of high temperature ECP and casing thermal centralizer, which formed the corresponding technology applied in the horizontal wells with thermal recovery. Till now this technology has been applied in 8 wells, and average cyclic steam/oil ratio increased 0.1 plus, and the uniform development level of the horizontal section has been improved and the oilfield’s development effect has been advanced obviously.
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Kruth, J. P., and J. Peters. "Steps Towards an Integrated CAD/CAM System for Mould Design and Manufacture: Anisotropic Shrinkage, Component Library and Link to NC Machining and EDM." CIRP Annals 35, no. 1 (1986): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)61844-7.
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Choy, JUN-HO, Valeriy Sukharev, Armen Kteyan, Stephane Moreau, and Catherine Brunet-Manquat. "(Invited, Digital Presentation) Advanced Methodology for Assessing Chip Package Interaction Induced Stress Effects on Chip Performance and Reliability." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 17 (October 9, 2022): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0217846mtgabs.
Abstract:
In IC industry, the use of multiple die stack packaging has emerged to meet the increasing demand in miniaturization and improved functionality of mobile devices. During chip operation, transistor power dissipation raises temperature unevenly across a die. The generated thermal hotspots negatively impact reliability and degrade performance. In mechanical aspects, dies become thinner, and bumps and pitch become smaller, which makes heat dissipation more difficult, and lead to increase in mechanical stress. Such stress may cause carrier mobility degradation for transistors and could lead to parametric circuit failure. In the back-end-of-line (BEoL) interconnects, the employed ultra-low k materials prone to damage interconnects when mechanical stress is present, due to its brittle nature and poor adhesion to the barrier materials. These stresses originated at the die packaging step due to thermal mismatch between die and package materials, which is termed as chip package interaction (CPI). We call mechanical CPI (mCPI) when such stress affects reliability of the whole chip, i.e., BEoL, RDL (redistribution layer), bump, or TSVs (through silicon vias). When such stress affects device performance, we call electrical CPI (eCPI). To analyze CPI effects on a feature scale, i.e., in transistor channel or in the individual metal line or ILD (inter layer dielectric) /IMD (inter metal dielectric) gap, an analysis tool must generate accurate feature-scale stress variation across a die. Finite element analysis (FEA) is widely used for analyzing CPI induced problems. However, the traditional FEA cannot effectively handle feature-scale geometries due to huge memory consumption, and instead, treats a die as a uniform material block. Therefore, this approach cannot describe stress distribution caused by local non-uniformity of metal line distribution and fail to provide the needed accuracy for feature-scale analysis. [1] Here, we present an advanced physics-based EDA tool that overcomes the above-mentioned problems by introducing the novel methodology of extracting effective anisotropic thermal-mechanical properties (EMP), as well as employing FEA-based multi-scale simulation procedure. Prior to running FEA, the tool extracts EMP that accurately represent non-uniformities at different scales within a simulation domain. Here, each metal layer in a die is considered a binary system that consists of metal inclusions embedded in an insulator matrix. By dividing the die area into bins, metal density dependent effective properties for each bin are calculated according to theory of anisotropic composite materials. Anisotropy of properties can be obtained by taking routing direction of metal lines into account [2, 3]. EMP can adjust to multi-scale by varying bin size as shown in Fig.1. Here, Young’s modulus is extracted globally with coarse grid, and on sub-modeling region with very fine grid, which shows the corresponding property variation with much finer scale. Since EMP constructs no actual geometrical objects, the methodology can efficiently handle feature-scale objects on a large layout region. When a user selects a circuit block, or a region to be analyzed in detail, the automated tool flow enables two step stress simulation procedure, which is schematically shown in Fig. 2. First, the global-scale stress simulation is performed with coarse both the simulation mesh and EMP bin and extracts the boundary displacements for the circuit block. These boundary displacements are employed in the sub-modeling, with employed fine mesh and EMP bin. Figure 3 demonstrates the importance of EMP for accurate resolution of stress field. The 2D color maps show the x-component of stress distributions in a circuit block as a result of sub-modeling. Here, die BEoL is represented by EMP in (a), while in (b), the entire die including BEoL is represented by silicon, which is employed in traditional FEA. The stress pattern due to interconnect layout details are visible only when EMP is employed. The difference is even more pronounced when 1D stress profile is compared. By back annotating the obtained stress components in a SPICE netlist, the tool enables a user to perform accurate circuit simulation with accounted CPI effects. In eCPI analysis, the tool has been validated by employing measurements of different types of devices [4]. The additional tool capabilities that will be presented are mCPI analysis and thermomechanical stress analysis during chip operating conditions. [1] R. Radojcic, More-than-Moore 2.5D and 3D SiP Integration, Springer, 2017. [2] V. Sukharev et al. J. Electron Test, vol. 28, pp. 63-72, 2012 [3] V. Sukharev et al., Proc. Int. 3D Systems Integration Conference, 2019 [4]. A. Kteyan, et al. Proc. ISPD 2022 Figure 1
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Botella, Ignacio, Shin Mineshige, Takaaki Kitaki, Ken Ohsuga, and Tomohisa Kawashima. "Structure of the super-Eddington outflow and its impact on the cosmological scale." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 74, no. 2 (February 24, 2022): 384–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psac001.
Abstract:
Abstract It is one of the biggest issues in black hole (BH) astrophysics how to evaluate BH feedback to its environments precisely. Aiming at studying the unique gas dynamics of super-Eddington flow around supermassive black hole (SMBH) seeds at high redshift, we carried out axisymmetric two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamic simulations using a nested simulation-box method. Here we divide the simulation box into an inner zone at (2–3 × 103)rSch (with rSch being the Schwarzschild radius) and an outer zone at (2 × 103–3 × 106)rSch, with smooth connection of the physical quantities, such as gas density, velocity, and radiation energy. We start the calculation by injecting mass through the outer boundary of the inner zone at a constant rate of $\dot{M}_{\rm {inj}}=10^3L_{\rm {Edd}}/c^2$, where LEdd is the Eddington luminosity and c is the speed of light. A powerful outflow is generated in the innermost region and it propagates from the inner zone to the outer zone. The outflows are characterized by a velocity of 0.02c (0.7c) and density of 10−17 (10−19) g cm−3 for near the edge-on (face-on) direction. The outflow is gradually accelerated as it travels by accepting radiation-pressure force. The final mass outflow rate at the outermost boundary is $\dot{M}_{\rm {out}}\sim 0.3 \times \dot{M}_{\rm {inj}}$. By extrapolating the outflow structure to a further larger scale, we find that the momentum and energy fluxes at r ∼ 0.1 pc are ∼10–100 LEdd/c and ∼0.1–10 LEdd, respectively. Moreover, we find that the impacts are highly anisotropic, in the sense that larger impacts occur towards the face-on direction than in the edge-on direction. These results indicate that the BH feedback will work more efficiently on the interstellar medium than assumed in the cosmological simulations.
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Pastori, Marina, Paola Baccheschi, Davide Piccinini, and Lucia Margheriti. "S wave Splitting in Central Apennines (Italy): anisotropic parameters in the crust during seismic sequences." Annals of Geophysics 66, Vol. 66 (2023) (May 29, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.4401/ag-8844.
Abstract:
In this work, we reviewed the main anisotropic results obtained in the last two decades along the Central Apennines. Moreover, we improved this database, with new results coming from the seismicity that occurred in the Montereale area, between 2009 and 2017, which corresponds to a spatio-temporal gap in the previously analyzed datasets. The examined papers concerned both seismic sequences (as Colfiorito in 1997, Pietralunga in 2010, L’Aquila in 2009, Amatrice in 2016) and background seismicity (as the 2000-2001 Città di Castello experiment). The whole of the collected results shows a general NW-SE fast shear wave direction consistent with both the orientation of the extensional active Quaternary and inherited compressive fault systems, focal mechanisms and local stress field. Also, we observed a more intense anisotropy strength (normalized delay time > 0.006 s/km) nearby the strongest events (M > 5), all concentrated in the hanging-wall of the activated fault systems. In fact, this area is deeply affected by the surrounding rock volume perturbations that, in turn, have altered both the local stress field and crustal fracturing network. The most common anisotropic interpretative models that could explain our results are 1) the stress-induced anisotropy according to the Extensive-Dilatancy Anisotropy (EDA) model where the anisotropic pattern is related to the local stress variation and most of the variability is visible in time; 2) the tectonic-controlled anisotropy according to the Structural-Induced Anisotropy (SIA) model where the anisotropic pattern is related to the major structural features and most of the variability is visible only in space. As reported by the examined studies in Central Apennines the possibility to discriminate between stress and structural anisotropy is quite complex in a region where the directions of the extensional regime, the in situ horizontal maximum stress, the strike of major faults, both active and inherited coincide. Generally, in this review, we noted an overlap and mixture of the two aforementioned mechanisms and, just through a temporal analysis, made in the Montereale area, we supposed a predominant stressinduced anisotropy only in rock volumes where anisotropic parameter variations have been detected.
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Cheng, Wei, Guocheng Wang, Xinghui Liang, and Lintao Liu. "Scattered QL Surface Waves Reveal Edge-Driven Convection Mantle Flow beneath the Magma-Poor Malawi Rift Zone, East Africa." Seismological Research Letters, August 18, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220220121.
Abstract:
Abstract How the initial rupturing of the magma-poor rifts started remains a controversial scientific issue due to the lack of definitive studies on the lithospheric structure and mantle flow beneath the lithosphere from these rift systems. We constrain the anisotropic structure of the mantle in the magma-poor Malawi rift zone (MRZ) by observing quasi-Love (QL) waves, which are abnormal waveforms with Rayleigh wave polarization characteristics formed by the scattering of Love waves through lateral gradients in anisotropic structures. Here, we observed clear QL waves at stations in the western MRZ, indicating that there are significant lateral gradients in anisotropy beneath the western MRZ. The stations that recorded QL waves are close to the eastern edge of an unexposed Niassa craton revealed by the latest high-resolution tomographic model AF2019. Comparing the observations of QL waves with recently published shear-wave splitting measurements in the MRZ, we infer that the cratonic lithosphere of the Niassa induced edge-driven convection (EDC) of the asthenospheric mantle on its eastern boundary, resulting in lateral gradients in seismic anisotropy beneath the western MRZ. As the EDC is a small-scale, relatively weak form of mantle convection that is easily overwhelmed by strong active upwelled asthenosphere, its presence indicates the lack of large-scale mantle convection associated with asthenospheric upwelling beneath the MRZ. The magma-poor MRZ could be an example of passive rifting due to the local asthenospheric mantle flow.
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Feng, Lili, and Jordi Diaz. "A High‐Resolution Shear Velocity Model of the Crust and Uppermost Mantle beneath Westernmost Mediterranean including Radial Anisotropy." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, September 4, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023jb026868.
Abstract:
AbstractUsing seismic data from 1186 stations deployed across the westernmost Mediterranean, we construct a high‐resolution 3‐D radially anisotropic model from a joint inversion of receiver functions and Rayleigh and Love wave dispersions. The Rayleigh and Love data are extracted from both ambient noise interferograms and earthquake waveforms, and a new three‐station ambient noise interferometry method is used to further improve the data coverage.The obtained crustal thickness map reproduces independently the Moho depth maps compiled from previous data, showing crustal roots beneath the Pyrenean‐Cantabrian range and the Gibraltar Arc and thicker crust beneath the Variscan Iberian Massif than in the area affected by Alpine orogenesis. The Vsv crustal model outlines the Iberian Massif as a high shear wave velocity block and shows extremely low velocities in the Gulf of Cadiz and Gibraltar Arc. At mantle levels, a sharp boundary between the Aquitanean Basin and the Massif Central is imaged, with the low Vsv beneath the Massif Central probably reflecting a remaining signature of the magma. To the south of Iberia, the geometry of the Alboran slab is captured by the model, while beneath the Atlas Mountains, widespread low Vsv and positive radial anisotropy is observed, favoring the edge‐driven convection (EDC) model explaining the lithospheric thinning. The most relevant contribution of this work is mapping, for the first time at this scale, the radial anisotropy anomalies at crustal level, with higher values observed in the Alpine Iberia, dominated by present‐day extensional tectonics.
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Kanan, Anas, and Michael Kaliske. "On different classes of constitutive descriptions in finite electro‐mechanics: Computational modelling of isotropic and anisotropic electro‐active materials." PAMM, October 20, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.202300298.
Abstract:
AbstractVarious constitutive formulations can be employed to simulate the coupled behaviour of electro‐active polymers (EAP). Those distinct mathematical descriptions vary with respect to the manner in which the electric field is coupled to the deformation. However, in principle, they are all capable of emulating the finite coupled response of EAP. The underlying coupling mechanism of largely deformable materials can be identified through experimental characterization. This contribution addresses the constitutive and finite element modelling of the actuation response of both isotropic and anisotropic EAP, where different material formulations are considered and implemented within a finite element framework. Those various material formulations are mathematically treated and employed to simulate electro‐mechanical experiments of dielectric materials. Existing coupled electro‐mechanical tests of active materials are referred to, where it is sought to employ different constitutive models to fit the experimental observations. Within the undertaken study, the capability of different descriptions to predict electro‐mechanical instabilities is evaluated. Regarding the numerical implementation of the model, it is referred to an electro‐mechanical Q1P0 finite element formulation. After performing the study and fitting experimental results associated to isotropic materials, the actuation response of several anisotropic EAP‐based structures is emulated.
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Distaso, Eugenio, Giammarco Milella, Domenico Maria Mezzapesa, Alessandro Introna, Eustachio D’Errico, Angela Fraddosio, Stefano Zoccolella, Franca Dicuonzo, and Isabella Laura Simone. "Magnetic resonance metrics to evaluate the effect of therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: the experience with edaravone." Journal of Neurology, March 2, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-021-10495-9.
Abstract:
Abstract Background Edaravone was approved as a new treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), although there are different opinions on its effectiveness. Magnetic resonance (MRI) measures appear promising as diagnostic and prognostic indicators of disease. However, published studies on MRI using to monitor treatment efficacy in ALS are lacking. Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate changes in brain MRI measures in patients treated with edaravone. Methods Thirteen ALS patients assuming edaravone (ALS-EDA) underwent MRI at baseline (T0) and after 6 months (T6) to measure cortical thickness (CT) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of white matter (WM) tracts. MRI data of ALS-EDA were compared at T0 with those of 12 control subjects (CS), and at T6 with those of 11 ALS patients assuming only riluzole (ALS-RIL), extracted from our ALS cohort using a propensity-score-matching. A longitudinal MRI analysis was performed in ALS-EDA between T6 and T0. Results At T0, ALS-EDA showed a cortical widespread thinning in both hemispheres, particularly in the bilateral precentral gyrus, and a reduction of FA in bilateral corticospinal tracts, in comparison to CS. Thinning in bilateral precentral cortex and significant widespread reduction of FA in several WM tracts were observed in ALS-EDA at T6 compared to T0. At T6, no significant differences in MRI measures of ALS-EDA versus ALS-RIL were found. Conclusions Patients treated with edaravone showed progression of damage in the motor cortex and several WM tracts, at a six-month follow-up. Moreover, this study showed no evidence of a difference between edaravone and riluzole.
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Sivam, S. P. Sundar Singh, Harshavardhana Natarajan, Durai Kumaran, and P. R. Shobana Swarna Ratna. "Applications of the Hill 1948 Yield Criterion Development, Performance Evaluation and Comparison for Describing the Behaviour of Different CRCA Grades." International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems 13, no. 2 (June 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.13.2.01.
Abstract:
The sheet metal forming processes in several industries like automobile and aerospace suppose the yielding of the sheet metals once strained. Yielding is categorized by the plastic flow of the materials once strained. The yield purpose just in case of uniaxial tension may be simply determined from the stress strain graph, however just in case of multi axial stresses it gets complicated. A relationship among the principal stresses is required requiring the circumstances underneath that plastic flow happens. This complexity is addressed by the anisotropic yield functions. Also, the investigation to get yield loci could also be expensive and time taking. In such case these yield functions prove to be very effective. The yield criteria also facilitate in decisive planar distribution of yield stresses and anisotropic coefficients which gives a decent estimate of these mechanical parameters while not having to through the pain of experimental determination. This study aims at using Hill 1948 criterion to get the Yield Surface Diagrams for three different grades of CRCA Sheets such as ordinary (o), Deep Drawing (DD) and Extra Deep Drawing (EDD) to get the planar distribution of the uniaxial yield stress and anisotropic coefficient. Also, the performance analysis of different grades the distributions are done using accuracy index.
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Fortineau, Julien, René Mathieu, Michel Foata, and Bertrand Chassignole. "Développement d’un procédé automatisé pour le contrôle ultrasonore d’un matériau anisotrope hétérogène." e-journal of nondestructive testing 28, no. 9 (September 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.58286/28468.
Abstract:
Le circuit primaire des centrales nucléaires françaises comporte un grand nombre de soudures entre composants. Elles subissent en service des contraintes thermiques et mécaniques. De ce fait, la surveillance par examen non destructif (END) de ces soudures représente un enjeu majeur pour la sûreté des installations. Cette présentation traite du contrôle ultrasonore d’une soudure de forte épaisseur en acier inoxydable austénitique entre deux composants en acier inoxydable austéno-ferritique moulé caractérisé par une structure métallurgique à gros grains. L’ensemble soudure et métal de base présente une structure fortement anisotrope et hétérogène susceptible de dégrader les performances du procédé de contrôle par des phénomènes physiques qui perturbent les faisceaux ultrasonores (déviation et division des faisceaux, important bruit de structure, forte variation de l’atténuation …). En collaboration avec EDF, Omexom NDT E&S a qualifié un procédé de contrôle par ultrasons automatisés composé de différents capteurs permettant de s’adapter aux contraintes structurelles de ces matériaux complexes. Les impacts métallurgiques induits par la structure contrôlée ont été étudiés et pris en considération dans les performances du procédé grâce notamment à une comparaison entre mesures expérimentales et simulations numériques avec les logiciels CIVA et ATHENA. Nous présenterons dans cette étude la méthodologie retenue pour modéliser les différents matériaux dans les codes de simulation. L’impact du matériau sur les performances du procédé qualifié et sur les gestes opératoires de la procédure sera également abordé.
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Kamal, Dr Hany. "Electro paramagnetic resonance and magnetization measurements of metal-substituted hydroxyapatites used in hyperthermia applications." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS, December 30, 2017, 5024–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v13i7.6268.
Abstract:
Pure and metal doped hydroxyapatite samples nano-particles were prepared by the wet chemical method. Copper and cobalt is used in doping hydroxyapatite. Sample was prepared without change in the stoichiometric ratio of Ca/P and Ca+M/P inside the structure of HA (M;metal). Sample was characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance, magnetization, transmission electron microscope and electron diffraction. Samples posses the highest value of magnetic susceptibility was chosen for more study to test their ability for application in the field of hyperthermia treatment of bone tumors. Magnetization curves were obtained for samples to study their behavior under the effect of magnetic field. The sample doped with copper and cobalt exhibited hysteresis loops which are characteristic for the magnetic materials. The samples were classified to be ferromagnetic material. Sample prepared by mixing Cu and co had the highest values of saturation magnetization (MS), area (A) enclosed within the hysteresis loop and magnetic anisotropy which represent an indicator of the energy generated in the material under the effect of magnetic field, and hence the amount of heat produced by the sample. TEM and EDP techniques were used to study the internal structure of these samples. The micrographs and the diffraction patterns showed and confirmed the presence of crystal structures within the samples. The particle size was calculated from the micrographs and found to be in the range of nanometer for all the selected samples.
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Borenstein, J. T., N. D. Gerrish, R. White, M. T. Currie, and E. A. Fitzgerald. "Silicon Germanium Epitaxy: A New Material for MEMS." MRS Proceedings 657 (2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-657-ee7.4.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTA wide array of materials have been investigated as candidate fabrication templates for precision microelectromechanical structures, including boron-diffused silicon, boron-doped epitaxial silicon, polysilicon, silicon-on-insulator, and wafer-thick bulk structures. Here we present the latest fabrication results for epitaxial silicon-germanium alloys, a new class of materials which possess excellent crystalline structure, are compatible with non-toxic etchants in bulk micromachining, and are capable of on-chip integration with electronics. For MEMS applications, silicon-germanium alloy layers are grown using a graded buffer approach, resulting in very high quality micromachined structures. Very low defect densities are obtained through the use of these relaxed buffers. Original etch-stop studies determined that Ge doping provided a very weak selectivity in anisotropic etchants such as KOH and EDP. However, by extending the range of Ge concentration to over 20%, we have found extremely high etch selectivities in a variety of etchants. Unlike boron-doped layers, SiGe exhibits etch stop characteristics in the non-toxic, process compatible solution TMAH. The combination of independence from boron doping concentration and etchant compatibility make SiGe a material which is ideal for integration with on-chip electronics.In this work we present the latest fabrication data on comb-drive resonators built using SiGe epitaxial layers. Process compatibility issues related to wafer curvature, surface finish and reactive-ion-etching chemistries are addressed. An unexpected result of the fabrication process, curvature of released structures, is resolved by annealing wafers after the SiGe deposition. Changes in Young's modulus arising from the high atomic fraction of Ge in the device can be determined by simple beam analysis based on observed resonant frequencies. Overall, build precision for these devices is excellent. We conclude by addressing the remaining challenges for wide-scale implementation of silicon-germanium epitaxial MEMS.
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Li, Bingkang, Junkai Wang, and Chuan-Hui Zhang. "First-principles study on the effects of V, Nb, Cd, Ag, Ge and Sb doped in Al2CuMg phase of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy." Modern Physics Letters B, September 16, 2021, 2150478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984921504789.
Abstract:
The [Formula: see text] phase (Al2CuMg) is an important strengthening phase for the Al–Zn–Cu–Mg alloys, which are widely used in the aerospace and transportation industries. First-principles calculations based on the density functional theory were used to investigate the effects of doping V, Nb, Cd, Ag, Ge and Sb elements on the [Formula: see text] phase. The results demonstrate that Ag atom can spontaneously dope into the [Formula: see text] phase. Ge and Sb doping can improve the toughness and plasticity of the [Formula: see text] phase. And doping Ge, V or Nb can reduce the anisotropy of the Al2CuMg phase. The hardness of the Nb, V, Cd and Ag doped structures become larger than that of the pristine structure. The results of orbital hybridization in the partial density of states (PDOS) and the distribution in electron density difference (EDD) confirmed that the effect of doping elements and Al atoms has the greatest impact on the performance of the system, and the strength of the covalent bond of the system affects the main aspects of brittleness. This study provides a better theoretical understanding of the doped [Formula: see text] phase, providing guidance for improved composition design and performance optimization of Al–Zn–Cu–Mg alloys.
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Rajan, Arunima, Madhulika Sharma, and Niroj Kumar Sahu. "Assessing magnetic and inductive thermal properties of various surfactants functionalised Fe3O4 nanoparticles for hyperthermia." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (September 22, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71703-6.
Abstract:
Abstract This work reports the fabrication of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) coated with various biocompatible surfactants such as glutamic acid (GA), citric acid (CA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP), ethylene diamine (EDA) and cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) via co-precipitation method and their comparative inductive heating ability for hyperthermia (HT) applications. X-ray and electron diffraction analyses validated the formation of well crystallined inverse spinel structured Fe3O4 NPs (crystallite size of ~ 8–10 nm). Magnetic studies confirmed the superparamagnetic (SPM) behaviour for all the NPs with substantial magnetisation (63–68 emu/g) and enhanced magnetic susceptibility is attributed to the greater number of occupations of Fe2+ ions in the lattice as revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, distinctive heating response (specific absorption rate, SAR from 130 to 44 W/g) of NPs with similar size and magnetisation is observed. The present study was successful in establishing a direct correlation between relaxation time (~ 9.42–15.92 ns) and heating efficiency of each surface functionalised NPs. Moreover, heat dissipated in different surface grafted NPs is found to be dependent on magnetic susceptibility, magnetic anisotropy and magnetic relaxation time. These results open very promising avenues to design surface functionalised magnetite NPs for effective HT applications.
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Zhou, Yi, Changxing Zhu, Kun Bian, Mingyuan Yang, and Chun Yang. "Analytical analysis of anisotropic thermophoresis of a charged spheroidal colloid in aqueous media for extremely thin EDL cases." ELECTROPHORESIS, July 28, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.202100127.
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Duong, Nguyen Phuc, Vu Thi Hoai Huong, and Dao Thi Thuy Nguyet. "Effect of substituted concentration on structure and magnetic properties of Y3Fe5-xInxO12." VNU Journal of Science: Mathematics - Physics 34, no. 4 (December 18, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1124/vnumap.4298.
Abstract:
Abstract: This study examines the effect of substituted concentration on the structure and magnetic properties of Y3Fe5-xInxO12 (x = 0.1 ÷ 0.7) powder samples prepared using the sol-gel method. The morphological properties of the samples were analysed using XRD, SEM. The single phase of garnet was obtained in x = 0.1 ÷ 0.6 samples. The lattice parameters of the samples exhibit a linear increase with the increasing In3+ content, which can be explained by a substitution of In3+ ions for Fe3+ ions, considering the larger ionic radius of In3+ compared with that of Fe3+. Crystallite sizes were determined via the XRD data which are of 38 – 49 nm while the particle sizes were estimated from SEM images to be in range of 50 - 100 nm. Magnetization and Curie temperature of the single phase samples were studied by magnetization curves in fields up to 10 kOe and in the temperature range from 80 K to 560K. With the increase of In3+, the magnetization gradually increases while the Curie temperature decreases due to the occupation of In atoms at the a sites and the reduction of intersublattice interaction, respectively.
Keywords: Yttrium iron garnet, Indium substitution, cation distribution, magnetization, Curie temperature.
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