Journal articles: 'Edible meal'

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Al-Othman, Abdullah A., and Fawzy M. Hewedy. "Dietary Assessment of Male Students: a Study of what they wasted while in Residence." Nutrition and Health 11, no. 3 (January 1997): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010609701100305.

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The present study was conducted to provide the anthropometric measurements and energy intake of male university students. Edible plate waste was assessed. A total of 90 male students participated in the anthropometric study. Meal and edible plate waste were analyzed for their contents of moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, ash and fiber. Total carbohydrates were calculated by difference. Total served meals and edible plate waste were assessed quantitively using a weight technique. Total energy intake was 85% of the RDA. The students had higher intakes of protein and fat and lower intakes of carbohydrate than the recommended levels. The collected data showed that plate waste was influenced by the timing of the meal. Plate waste was higher for dinner (39.74%) and lower for lunch (22.67%).

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Noetzel, Davi, and Beck Sheets. "Seedcorn Maggot Control in Edible Dry Bean, 1989." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/17.1.78a.

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Abstract This trial was located at the Staples Irrigation Station in Staples, MN. Soils were irrigated sandy loams. Plots were 2 rows X 9.15 m in length. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. The plot rows were marked with the planter and a 1:1:1 bait mixture of bone meal, blood meal, and meat scraps was applied four days prior to planting. Approximately 102 kg of this mixture was applied to the plot area. The seed was treated with a sticker, coated with the appropriate seed treatment, allowed to dry, and planted 27 May using a John Deere Maximerge planter. Granular insecticide treatments were applied in a 15.2 cm band on the row following planting. The field was then irrigated to ensure rapid and uniform germination. Stand counts and yield were taken from two 3.05 m lengths of row. The threshed seed was cleaned, dried, moisture level determined, and final yields adjusted to a standard moisture.

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Gaykani, R., M. Zaghari, and M. Shivazad. "Effects of different levels of canola meal on egg quality." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200030490.

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In recent years there has been increasing interest in cultivating canola in tropical areas. This product is used to supply edible oil for humans, and also as a high quality protein source for poultry (Baker and Chang 1992), soybean meal has been replaced by canola meal and there were some negative and positive effects on egg production, egg quality, egg shell quality (Roth-maier1999) In the present study, investigating the effect of canola meal on egg quality, different levels of soybean meal were replaced by canola meal in laying hen diets.

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Lee, Hanna, and Sea C. Min. "Antimicrobial edible defatted soybean meal-based films incorporating the lactoperoxidase system." LWT - Food Science and Technology 54, no. 1 (November 2013): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2013.05.012.

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Tesfay, Gebrekidan, Berhan Tamir, and Gebreyohannse Berhane. "Carcass and non-carcass characteristics of Tigray highland lambs fed mulberry (Morus alba) leaf meal at different supplementation levels." Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2017.6304.

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The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of mulberry (Morus alba) leaf meal levels on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Tigray highland lambs. The experiment consisted of five treatments; and conducted in a randomized complete block design using thirty intact yearlings Tigray highland male lambs. The experimental diets were 300g concentrate mix alone, 225g concentrate mix + 86.55g mulberry leaf, 150g concentrate mix + 173.1g mulberry leaf, 75g concentrate mix + 259.7g mulberry leaf and 346.2g mulberry leaf alone with barley straw ad libitum to all treatments. The mix was prepared from Noug seed cake and wheat bran at ratio of 1:2, respectively. Higher weights of total edible offal component, empty body weight, rib eye muscle area and slaughter weight were observed as a result of high level of mulberry leaf meal supplementation than the sole concentrate mix treatment. On the other hand, the dressing percentage on slaughter weight base as well as empty body weight base and hot carcass weight showed less difference (p>0.05) between sole mulberry leaf meal and sole concentrate mix treatments. The result of the present study indicated that substitution of mulberry leaf meal for concentrate mix can be used effectively without affecting the results of growth parameters as well as edible or non edible offal components that can be achieved by sole concentrate supplementation. Hence, the finding revealed that feeding mulberry leaf meal alone to Tigray highland lambs could substitute the costly and even less accessible commercial concentrate mix to resource poor farmers and could result in reasonably better performance of lambs.

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Getachew, Addis G., Z. Asfaw, V. Singh, Z. Woldu, JJ Baidu-Forson, and S. Bhattacharya. "Dietary values of wild and semi-wild edible plants in southern Ethiopia." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 13, no. 57 (April 25, 2013): 7486–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.57.11125.

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Ethnobotanical studies have shown that many wild plant species are sporadically consumed alongside regular food sources in developing countries. Many plants of wild and semi-wild origin are consumed in the remote parts of southern Ethiopia. Dietetic values of Ethiopia’s non-crop food plants, though important in prevention of malnutrition and contribution to food security, remains shrouded for lack of chemical information. The chemical composition of popularly used wild edibles in Hamar and Konso (Xonso) of southern Ethiopia was examined. The most preferred 15 semi-wild and wild edible plants were selected using a mix of standard ethnobotanical field methods. Edible parts of target plants were collected with local participants, lyophilized and analyzed for proximate composition, amino acids, minerals and antinutritional factors. The wild edibles constituted good amounts of nutrients essential in human diet. Green leafy vegetables (GLVs) gave 1.5-5.8% ether extractives and total mineral composition of 12.5%-25.6%; Ca being highest (1100 - 3419 mg %) and exceptionally high for Justicia ladanoides (6177 mg %). Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn ranged from 11.7-23.14, 175-2049, 3.4-9.9 and 1.2-3.3 mg %, respectively. All GLVs contained ≥20% protein, highest in Coccinia grandis (36.3%). The latter species and Trigonella foenum-graecum yielded high lysine level. Anti-nutrients of concern include phenolics (158-1564 mg %) and tannins (448-2254 mg %) in GLVs and phenolics (1997mg %) and tannins (6314 mg %) in Ximenia caffra fruits. Total oxalates in mg % were high in Amaranthus graecizans (14067), Celosia argentea (12706) and Portulaca quadrifida (10162). Bulk consumption of monotype edible plant part in one meal may lead to nutritional and health impairment. However, traditional processing methods lower most of the anti-nutritionals and their respective risks. New food composition tables that integrate indigenous knowledge and nutritional content of the semi-wild and wild edibles are recommended. Wild edibles can be considered to improve livelihood security and reduce malnutrition in tune with the Millennium Development Goals aimed at reducing poverty and hunger.

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Kelley, K. M., B. K. Behe, J. A. Biernbaum, and K. L. Poff. "496 Consumer Preference of Edible Flower Color, Container Size, and Price." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 480B—480. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.480b.

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Two surveys were conducted to determine the importance of characteristics of containers of edible flower which could be sold to consumers in retail outlets. Self-selected participants at Bloomfest at Cobo Hall in Detroit, Mich., were assigned to one group that rated the importance of attributes such as edible flower color of Viola × wittrockiana `Accord Banner Clear Mixture', color combinations, container size, and price of the container. Participants assigned to a second group rated color, color combinations, and size. Flower color was allocated the most points in the purchasing decision (63% for the first group and 95% for the second group), with a mixture of all three colors (blue, yellow, and orange), proving to be the most desirable. Responses were subjected to Conjoint Analysis (SPSS Inc., Chicago), which resulted in the formation of three groups of customer segmentation. The groups were labeled “Likely Buyer” who had eaten and purchased edible flowers before and rated characteristics of edible flowers favorably; “Unlikely Consumer” who had eaten edible flowers before and had rated characteristics of edible flowers unfavorably; and “Persuadable Garnishers” who had not eaten edible flowers before, but were very likely to purchase edible flowers for a garnish for a meal.

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Laroche, Perreault, Marciniak, Gravel, Chamberland, and Doyen. "Comparison of Conventional and Sustainable Lipid Extraction Methods for the Production of Oil and Protein Isolate from Edible Insect Meal." Foods 8, no. 11 (November 13, 2019): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8110572.

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Edible insects represent an interesting alternative source of protein for human consumption but the main hurdle facing the edible insect sector is low consumer acceptance. However, increased acceptance is anticipated when insects are incorporated as a processed ingredient, such as protein-rich powder, rather than presented whole. To produce edible insect fractions with high protein content, a defatting step is necessary. This study investigated the effects of six defatting methods (conventional solvents, three-phase partitioning, and supercritical CO2) on lipid extraction yield, fatty profiles, and protein extraction and purification of house cricket (Acheta domesticus) and mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) meals. Ethanol increased the lipid extraction yield (22.7%–28.8%), irrespective of the insect meal used or the extraction method applied. Supercritical CO2 gave similar lipid extraction yields as conventional methods for Tenebrio molitor (T. molitor) (22.1%) but was less efficient for Acheta domesticus (A. domesticus) (11.9%). The protein extraction yield ranged from 12.4% to 38.9% for A. domesticus, and from 11.9% to 39.3% for T. molitor, whereas purification rates ranged from 58.3% to 78.5% for A. domesticus and from 48.7% to 75.4% for T. molitor.

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Nehmeh, Mohamad, Ivonne Rodriguez-Donis, Alexandre Cavaco-Soares, Philippe Evon, Vincent Gerbaud, and Sophie Thiebaud-Roux. "Bio-Refinery of Oilseeds: Oil Extraction, Secondary Metabolites Separation towards Protein Meal Valorisation—A Review." Processes 10, no. 5 (April 24, 2022): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10050841.

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Edible oil extraction is a large and well-developed sector based on solvent assisted extraction using volatile organic compounds such as hexane. The extraction of oil from oilseeds generates large volumes of oilseed by-products rich in proteins, fibres, minerals and secondary metabolites that can be valued. This work reviews the current status and the bio-macro-composition of oilseeds, namely soybean, rapeseed, sunflower and flaxseed, and the refining process, comprising the extraction of oil, the valorisation and separation of valuable secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds, and the removal of anti-nutritional factors such as glucosinolates, while retaining the protein in the oilseed meal. It also provides an overview of alternative solvents and some of the unconventional processes used as a replacement to the conventional extraction of edible oil, as well as the solvents used for the extraction of secondary metabolites and anti-nutritional factors. These biologically active compounds, including oils, are primordial raw materials for several industries such as food, pharmaceutical or cosmetics.

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Gravel, Alexia, Alice Marciniak, Manon Couture, and Alain Doyen. "Effects of Hexane on Protein Profile, Solubility and Foaming Properties of Defatted Proteins Extracted from Tenebrio molitor Larvae." Molecules 26, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020351.

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Inclusion of edible insects in human diets is increasingly promoted as a sustainable source of proteins with high nutritional value. While consumer acceptability remains the main challenge to their integration into Western food culture, the use of edible insects as meal and protein concentrate could decrease neophobia. The defatting of edible insects, mostly done with hexane, is the first step in producing protein ingredients. However, its impact on protein profiles and techno-functionality is still unclear. Consequently, this study compares the protein profiles of hexane-defatted and non-hexane-defatted yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) meals and protein extracts, and evaluates the impact of hexane on protein solubility and foaming properties. Results showed that profiles for major proteins were similar between hexane-defatted and non-defatted samples, however some specific content differences (e.g., hexamerin 2) were observed and characterized using proteomic tools. Protein solubility was markedly lower for T. molitor meals compared to protein extracts. A large increase in the foaming capacity was observed for defatted fractions, whereas foam stability decreased similarly in all fractions. Consequently, although the hexane-defatting step was largely studied to produce edible insect protein ingredients, it is necessary to precisely understand its impact on their techno-functional properties for the development of food formulations.

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Pearson, K. "Optimizing micronutrient intake of lactating women through increased wild edible plant consumption in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 13, no. 58 (July 10, 2013): 7711–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.58.12315.

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Micronutrient consumption in many developing countries is insufficient to meet the needs of numerous individuals, resulting in a negative impact on health. Increasing consumption of wild edible plants, which are micronutrient rich, easy to grow, and culturally familiar, has been recommended to combat these deficiencies, but there is a gap in knowledge on which types of plants should be eaten or in what quantity. The objective of this project was to determine the optimal blend of South African wild edible plants needed to fill gaps between typical micronutrient consumption of lactating women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and estimated requirements. This was done by creating optimization models using linear programming. Components of these models included identifying gaps between current micronutrient intake measured in a sample of lactating women and Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) and the creation of composite nutrient profiles for groups of wild edible plants available in KwaZulu-Natal. Models calculated the optimum amounts of wild edible plants that would need to be consumed in addition to the current diet to meet micronutrient recommendations and the amounts needed if half the additional calories consumed would replace an equivalent number of calories of maize meal. A combination of 250g leafy vegetables and 349g fruit, replacing 54g of maize meal, was determined to be the best model. This mixture met the micronutrient needs of 50% of lactating women and added only 192 calories to the diet. This data can provide policy makers with the information necessary to formulate effective nutritional interventions. The high level of recommended change, however, also highlights the need to employ multiple approaches to achieving improved nutrition. Additional information is needed on the availability and nutritional values of wild edible plants in South Africa. Despite these limitations, it is clear that a reasonable increase in wild edible plant consumption can have a tremendous positive impact on micronutrient consumption of lactating women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

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Izhevska, O. P. "Investigation of lipids of flax seed meal and the prospect of using it in meat dishes." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 91 (April 23, 2019): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-f9102.

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The possibility of using a plant supplement is considered in materials of the article, namely, the seed meal of flax in the recipe for meat semi-finished products “Mazurki-Volynsky” to enrich these products with physiological-functional ingredients. Flax seeds is a valuable source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. It is rich in protein substances, balanced by the amino acid, contains insoluble and water-soluble edible fibers and phenolic compounds, in particular lignans, which have antioxidant properties. In this work, a flax seeds (FS) was obtained by using the method of “cold pressing” produced by NV “Zhytomyrbioprodukt” LLC. Fatty acid composition of lipids was determined according to GOST 30418-96. The method is based on the conversion of triglycerides of fatty acid to methyl (ethyl) esters of fatty acids and on their gas chromatic analysis. The purpose of our research was to determine from the technological point of view the expediency of introducing the flax seeds into the recipes of meat semi-finished products to enrich their health-improving ingredients. For this purpose, in studies, a complete replacement of wheat flour and a partial replacement of fat material by the use of flax seed is proposed. Thus, compared to the control, the amount of meat raw material does not change, and the change occurs only at the expense of the filler of meal. The article presents a comparative estimation of the chemical composition of the flax seeds and wheat flour, the effect of flax on the change of the lipid composition of meat semi-finished products in case of its inclusion in the recipe of products. The fatty acid composition of sorbitol lipids was investigated in comparison with the fatty acid composition of the wheat flour I flavors. It is noted that the inclusion into the recipe of meat semi-finished flax seed meal in the case of replacing wheat flour and part of the fat, enriches them with such physiological-functional ingredients as proteins with a complete amino acid composition, polyunsaturated fatty acids, edible fibers, a significant part of which are water-soluble, vitamins, micro- and macro elements, lignans. The calculation method found that the amount of protein in the experimental sample, as compared with the sample, which included wheat flour, increased by 3.69% due to the increase of protein contained in FS. Adding FS changes the qualitative composition of the lipid in exploratory samples. The calculation method found that the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) increased by 12% compared with control. It should be noted that the ability of these fatty acids to oxidation, with the formation of peroxides, will affect the structural and mechanical properties of semi-finished products, which should affect the process of preparation and quality of finished products. This requires further research.

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Udedibie, A. B. O., and B. O. Esonu. "POULTRY OFFAL MEAL AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR GROWER PIGS." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 14 (January 16, 2021): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v14i.2623.

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A 16-week feeding trial, involving 18 weaner pigs in a randomized complete block design, was carried out to determine the value of poultry offal meal (POM) as a protein supplement for grower pigs at three dietary levels, 0%, 10% and 20%. Liveweight gain, dressing percentage and backfat thickness were significantly (<0.05) higher in pigs fed 20% POM dietary level. The cut parts, heart, liver and kidney, also increased with increasing level of POM), the diets. The poultry offal meal (POM), the processed, edible and inedible parts of poultry (viscera feathers, beaks blood, discarded eggs and dead birds) used for this study, contained 56.4% crude protein 20.9% crude fat, 7.7% total ash 4.6% crude fibre and 3.18Kcal/gin metabolizable energy. The results of this study suggest that POM could be incorporated in grower pig rations up to 20% with good results.

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Kim, Dayeon, Ji Won Park, Bong-Soo Noh, and Sea Cheol Min. "Development of Edible Laminate-Composite Films Using Defatted Mustard Meal and Whey Protein Isolate." Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology 44, no. 6 (December 31, 2012): 711–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9721/kjfst.2012.44.6.711.

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Bueno, João Paulo Rodrigues, Mara Regina Bueno de Mattos Nascimento, Carolina Magalhães Caires Carvalho, Evandro de Abreu Fernandes, Marina Cruvinel Assunção Silva, Julyana Machado da Silva Martins, and Fernanda Heloisa Litz. "Millet and corn oil in sorghum-based diets for broilers." Ciência Rural 45, no. 12 (September 18, 2015): 2233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141200.

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ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effects of millet and corn oil additions to sorghum-based diets on the performance, carcass yields and prime cuts (i.e., wings, breasts, thighs and drumsticks) and the relative weights of edible offal (i.e., gizzard, heart, and liver) of broiler chickens. A total of 684 Hubbard Flex chickens, including 342 broilers of each sex, were housed. The design was completely randomized, and the following diets were supplied: A) sorghum and soybean meal + soybean oil (control); B) sorghum and soybean meal + corn oil; and C) sorghum and soybean meal + millet and soybean oil. Six replicates with 38 birds each (19 males and 19 females) were evaluated regarding each experimental diet. At 14, 21, 35 and 42 days of age, the feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and viability of the chickens were evaluated. At 42 days, the live weight, carcass yield, prime cuts and relative weight of the edible offal were measured. The dietary inclusion of either millet or corn oil did not affect any of the parameters. In conclusion, additions of millet and corn oil to sorghum-based diets of broilers do not compromise poultry performance.

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Bangar, Sneh Punia, Ajay Singh, Monica Trif, Manoj Kumar, Pradyuman Kumar, Ramandeep Kaur, and Navjeet Kaur. "Process Parameter Optimization and Characterization for an Edible Film: Flaxseed Concern." Coatings 11, no. 9 (September 14, 2021): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091106.

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Consumer demands for biocompatible, minimally processed and eco-friendly foods have increased drastically and are currently trending. Polysaccharides derived from various plant seeds exhibiting structure conformational diversity are among such foods and used for the development of edible films. In this study, the physical properties of flaxseed, proximate characterization and rheological, mechanical and thermal features of flaxseed meal-based edible films were investigated. A development strategy worked through adding pectin + flaxseed meal to a plasticizer (glycerol) with a ratio of 7:3 w/v, whereas, in the control group, the flaxseed meal remained unaltered. The rheological results showed the non-Newtonian behavior of film-forming solutions and data were well fitted into the power law model. The developed film (flaxseed + pectin) was slightly brownish and exhibited a transparency of 17.78, which is clear enough to be used as see-through packaging material, whereas the control sample had a transparency of 38.25, indicating its fair transparency. The water vapor permeability of the test sample was also beneficial (0.992 g/cm2/24 h) and was competitively close to the control (0.981 g/cm2/24 h). The developed blended films were 98–99% soluble in water and acid, indicating their usefulness when applied as a coating. The mechanical properties, tensile strength and elongation value of the test sample were less than the control. This study will be helpful in the development of a novel biodegradable film for extending the life of different foods.

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HULAN, H. W., F. G. PROUDFOOT, R. G. ACKMAN, and W. M. N. RATNAYAKE. "OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID LEVELS AND PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS FED REDFISH MEAL OR REDFISH OIL." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 68, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 533–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas88-059.

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Arbor Acre broiler chickens were fed six different diets to determine if the omega-3 fatty acid content of broiler chicken carcasses could be enhanced by feeding additional redfish meal (RFM) or redfish oil (RFO). The six diets were: control (no fish meal or fish oil); 7.5% RFM, 15.0% RFM, 30.0% RFM, 2.1% RFO and 4.2% RFO. Mortality at 28 d and 42 d was lower (P < 0.05) for birds fed RFO compared to those fed RFM. Feeding additional RFM or RFO had no (P > 0.05) effect on mortality, but resulted in lower body weights (P < 0.01) and feed consumption (P < 0.05) and poorer (P < 0.05) feed conversion. Additions of RFM or RFO to the diets resulted in a substantial dietary enrichment of omega-3 fatty acids (especially eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA or 20:5n-3; and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA or 22:6n-3). Analyses (wt/wt %) revealed that breast meat was lower (P < 0.001) in lipid and triglyceride but higher in cholesterol esters (P < 0.005), free cholesterol (P < 0.001) and phospholipid (P < 0.001) than thigh meat. Lipid, free cholesterol and phospholipid of edible meat lipid increased with duration of feeding (14 d, 28 d, 42 d) but triglyceride content decreased. Dietary treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on carcass lipid content or composition. Breast meat lipid contained more (P < 0.001) of the omega-3 fatty acids (especially EPA and DHA), more n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA or 22:5n-3) and more total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) than thigh meat lipids. EPA, DPA, DHA and total n-3 PUFA in edible meat lipids increased (P < 0.05) with duration of feeding. Feeding additional RFM and RFO resulted in an increased accumulation of the EPA (P < 0.001), DPA (P < 0.01), DHA (P < 0.01) and total n-3 PUFA (P < 0.001), primarily at the expense of the omega-6 fatty acids linoleic (18:2n-6) and arachidonic (20:4n-6). It can be calculated from the data presented that on average a normal meal (100 g) of chicken which has been fed 7.5% fish meal, would contribute 140 mg of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DPA + DHA). The same size meal of cod flesh would contribute about 135 mg of these fatty acids. Key words: Broiler chickens, breast, thigh, redfish meal, eicosapentaenoic acid, omega-3 fatty acids

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Yitbarek, Melkamu Bezabih, Berhan Tamir, and Ashenafi Mengistu. "The Effect of Dried Blood Rumen Content Mixture (D BRCM) on Carcass Characteristics of SASSO C44 Broiler Chicks." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 12 (April 28, 2016): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n12p166.

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The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dried bloodrumen content mixture (DBRCM) on carcass characteristics of broiler chicks to replace soybean meal (SBM). A total of 225 unsexed day old broiler chicks (SASSO C44) were randomly distributed to five dietary treatment groups in a completely randomized design. Each treatment was replicated thrice with 15 birds per replicate. The experimental diets were formulated to contain 100%SBM+0%DBRCM (T1), 80%SBM+20% DBRCM (T2),60%SBM+ 40% DBRCM (T3), 40%SBM+60% DBRCM(T4) and 20%SBM+80% DBRCM (T5) in 56 days of age. At the end of the experiment, two male and two female birds per replicate were used to determine carcass characteristics. The result revealed that the edible carcass yield ranged from 977.9-1159.3g. The dressing percentage based on the edible carcass weight was 63.9 % (T1), 66.6 % (T2), 65.4 (T3), 64.2% (T4) and 63.1% (T5). There was no a significant difference (P>0.05) in both edible carcass yield and its dressing percentage. The commercial carcass weight was 937.4g (T1), 984.7g (T2), 962.0g (T3), 925.0g (T4) and 833.1g (T5) and the dressing percentage was 54.9%, 56.6%, 55.3%, 53.7% and 53.7% for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. Significant difference (P>0.05) was not observed in commercial carcass yield and its dressing percentage among the treatment groups. There was no a statistical marked difference (P>0.05) in total nonedible offal and edible offal. Females had more (P<0.05) breast meat than that of males. The abdominal fat and abdominal fat percentage were not significantly influenced (P>0.05) by a diet containing DBRCM. However, abdominal fat and its fat percentage were higher (P<0.05) in females than males. Based on this result, it could be concluded that DBRCM can replace soybean meal up to 80% substitution level without any adverse effect on carcass characteristics.

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Kelley, Kathleen M., Bridget K. Behe, John A. Biernbaum, and Kenneth L. Poff. "Combinations of Colors and Species of Containerized Edible Flowers: Effect on Consumer Preferences." HortScience 37, no. 1 (February 2002): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.1.218.

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Do consumers prefer certain combinations of edible-flower species and colors over other assortments? Two hundred and sixteen people were self-selected for a survey at a Michigan flower show to rate 15 photographs of edible flowers arranged in 0.24-L, clear, plastic containers. Each container had either an individual species or combinations of Viola tricolor L. `Helen Mount' (viola), Borago officinalis L. (borage), and Tropaeolum majus L. `Jewel Mix' and `Tip Top Apricot' (nasturtium). To determine what color(s) of nasturtium participants would prefer, containers held either orange and crimson, peach and cream, or a combination of all four flower colors. Participants rated photographs using a semantic differential on a 7-point Likert scale (7 being the highest rating) based on their likelihood to purchase each container of edible flowers to serve to family and friends in a meal. Participants were asked an additional 21 questions regarding their attitudes about edible flowers, gardening habits, dining habits, and several demographic questions. Responses were subjected to conjoint analysis (SPSS Inc., Chicago). The addition of other species to nasturtium (viola, borage, viola, and borage) had a greater relative importance (53%) than the color of the nasturtium (47%). A mixture of all four nasturtium colors (peach, cream, orange, and crimson) was awarded the highest utility (0.091). Peach and cream nasturtiums or containers that did not contain any nasturtium flowers at all were least preferred (-0.070 and -0.083 utilities, respectively). Mean ratings that participants assigned to containers of edible flowers supported these utilities. The container assigned the highest mean rating included nasturtiums of all four colors, yet 66% were unlikely to purchase any container with 10% insect damage. Differences in preferences were noted using selected demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and income.

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Wang, Jianping, Lin Lin, Bin Li, Feike Zhang, and Ning Liu. "Dietary Artemisia vulgaris meal improved growth performance, gut microbes, and immunity of growing Rex rabbits." Czech Journal of Animal Science 64, No. 4 (April 9, 2019): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/162/2018-cjas.

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Artemisia vulgaris (A. vulgaris) is an edible plant showing antioxidant and antibacterial effects, but its effect as a feed additive or forage source on the herbivore growth and health is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of A. vulgaris meal supplementation on the growth performance, gut microbes, and immune function in rabbits. A total of 120 growing Rex rabbits were randomly allocated into 4 treatments with 6 replicates per 5 rabbits each. There were four experimental diets containing A. vulgaris meal at doses of 0, 3.0, 6.0 or 9.0%, respectively. The experiment lasted for 70 days. The results showed that diets supplemented with A. vulgaris meal improved the rabbits’ feed intake, body weight gain, and decreased feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). Linear and quadratic responses were found between the growth parameters and the herbal meal doses (P ≤ 0.002). A. vulgaris meal also improved gut microbe populations by increasing Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, and decreasing E. coli, C. perfringens, Salmonella, and Gram-negative bacteria (P < 0.05), and linear and quadratic dose-dependent advantages were exhibited for these microbes (P ≤ 0.013). Furthermore, blood levels of IgA, IgM, and lymphocytes of bursale, thymus, CD4 and CD8 were increased by the treatments containing A. vulgaris meal (P < 0.05), and linear dose-dependent effect was found on these immune indexes (P < 0.001). Diet supplemented with A. vulgaris meal is effective in improving growth, gut microbes, and immunity of Rex rabbits.

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Chan, Kim Wei, Nicholas M. H. Khong, Shahid Iqbal, Siti Muskinah Mansor, and Maznah Ismail. "Defatted kenaf seed meal (DKSM): Prospective edible flour from agricultural waste with high antioxidant activity." LWT - Food Science and Technology 53, no. 1 (September 2013): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2013.01.003.

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Aydemir, Levent Yurdaer, Aysun Adan Gökbulut, Yusuf Baran, and Ahmet Yemenicioğlu. "Bioactive, functional and edible film-forming properties of isolated hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) meal proteins." Food Hydrocolloids 36 (May 2014): 130–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.09.014.

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Costa, Wellington Luis Reis, Emília Turlande Sêneca Ribeiro dos Santos, Antenor Ferreira Leal Neto, Rebeca Ayala Rosa da Silva, Moara de Santana Martins Rodgers, Lia Muniz Barretto Fernandes, and Elmiro Rosendo do Nascimento. "Salmonella spp. in non-edible animal products intended for the preparation of feed (meal) for industrial poultry feed." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 3 (February 17, 2022): e16311326310. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26310.

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Non-edible by-products of animal origin are slaughter waste from slaughter animals that after processing give rise to animal meal which in turn is used as ingredients in the preparation of animal feed such as farm animals. Although this practice has its advantages in reducing environmental impact and meeting the nutritional needs of animals, it can serve as a vehicle for microorganisms such as Salmonella spp. Since food can play an important role in the dissemination of pathogens in the poultry production chain through feeding, the objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. samples of non-edible flours of animal origin used in the formulation of feed and also of feed produced from these by-products in slaughterhouses received from Bahia and Pernambuco states, Brazil and that are used in the industrial poultry farms of these States. Out of 649 samples of animal origin flours and feed were analyzed, of which 110 (16.9%) presented Salmonella spp. Statistical analysis, through descriptive analysis and Pearson’s chi-squase association test (X2) showed an association between the presence of Salmonella spp. and the different types of inedible foods analyzed (p<0.05).This contamination in the analyzed samples indicates failure in the microbiological control during and/or after processing of animal origin flours, making them the sources of pathogen dissemination in the poultry chain.

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Traore, Togo M., Deacue Fields, Floyd M. Woods, Amy N. Wright, Kenneth M. Tilt, Weidong Ke, and Yiman Liu. "Prescreening Consumer Acceptance for Edible Lotus Rhizome." HortTechnology 26, no. 5 (October 2016): 657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03298-16.

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Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is an underused edible aquatic perennial vegetable currently evaluated as a potential functional food source and promoted in the southeastern United States as a rich source of phytonutrients. There is a paucity of information concerning consumer acceptance and willingness to purchase edible, value-added lotus products in the southeastern United States. The purpose of this exploratory study was to evaluate the potential demand and consumer preference for fresh lotus rhizomes and value-added products namely lotus salad, baked lotus chips, and lotus stir-fry. Results of two taste panels indicated that lotus stir-fry was the most preferred value-added product with 77% of participants strongly liking stir-fry, whereas 92% of the participants were willing to recommend this preparation. Results suggest socioeconomic characteristics such as gender (P = 0.014), age (P = 0.005), income (P = 0.043), education (P = 0.003), shopping habits (P = 0.013), and type of meal purchased (P = 0.004) are the factors affecting consumer choice and willingness to recommend lotus stir-fry. Results provide information on consumer acceptance of fresh lotus rhizomes and value-added products. Findings of this case study will assist in analyzing consumer behavior and development of sustainable niche markets for locally cultivated fresh edible lotus rhizomes.

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Maiyo, Nelly C., Fathiya M. Khamis, Michael W. Okoth, George O. Abong, Sevgan Subramanian, James P. Egonyu, Cheseto Xavier, et al. "Nutritional Quality of Four Novel Porridge Products Blended with Edible Cricket (Scapsipedus icipe) Meal for Food." Foods 11, no. 7 (April 5, 2022): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11071047.

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Currently, no data exist on the utilization of the newly described cricket species (Scapsipedus icipe) meal as additive in food products, though they have high protein (57%) with 88% total digestibility as well as a variety of essential amino acids. This article presents the first report on the effects of processing techniques and the inclusion of cricket meal (CM) on the nutrient and antinutrient properties of four porridge products compared to a popularly consumed commercial porridge flour (CPF). Porridge enriched with CM had significantly higher protein (2-folds), crude fat (3.4–4-folds), and energy (1.1–1.2-folds) levels than the CPF. Fermented cereal porridge fortified with CM had all three types of omega-3 fatty acids compared to the others. The vitamin content across the different porridge products varied considerably. Germinated cereal porridge with CM had significantly higher iron content (19.5 mg/100 g). Zinc levels ranged from 3.1–3.7 mg/100 g across the various treatments. Total flavonoid content varied significantly in the different porridge products. The phytic acid degradation in germinated and fermented porridge products with CM was 67% and 33%, respectively. Thus, the fortification of porridge products with cricket and indigenous vegetable grain powder could be considered an appropriate preventive approach against malnutrition and to reduce incidences in many low-and middle-income countries.

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Lee, Hanna, and Sea C. Min. "Development of antimicrobial defatted soybean meal-based edible films incorporating the lactoperoxidase system by heat pressing." Journal of Food Engineering 120 (January 2014): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.07.035.

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Adeleye, I. O. A., and A. A. Odunsi. "Utilization Of Rubber Seed Meal As A Protein Supplement In Broiler Finisher Rations." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 17 (January 5, 2021): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v17i.2054.

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A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the performance of finisher broiler chicks fed diets containing different levels of partially defatted rubber seed meal as a replacement for roundnut cake. Four isocaloric and iso-nitrogenous diets (A, B, C and D) were formulated using groundnut cake (GNC) as the reference protein source; and 10, 15 and 20% of the GNC in the control diet (A) were replaced with rubber seed meal (RSM) in rations B, C and D, respectively. No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in feed intake, growth rate, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio among the birds on the different diets. However, the dressed weight and dressing percentage and total edible meat to bone ratio showed significant (P <0.05) differences. The results indicated that replacement of GNC with RSM at levels studied, did not significantly depress the performance of broiler finishers but was quiteeneficial in terms of economics of production.

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UDEDIBIE, A. B. I., G. ANYANWU, U. I. UKPAI, and A. J. OYET. "POULTRY OFFAL MEAL AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR LAYING HENS AND FINISHER BROILERS." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 15 (January 5, 2021): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v15i.1217.

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Two experiments were conducted to determine the value of poultry offal meal (POM) as a protein supplement for layers and finisher broilers, respectively, at dietary levels of O, 10, 15 and 20%. In the layer experiment, body weights of layers increased with increasing dietary levels of POM. Treatments effects on feed intakes were not significant but egg production as well as feed efficiency were significantly (P < 0.05) improved by POM. In the broiler experiment, feed intake, growth rate, feed efficiency ad weights of livers were significantly (P < 0.05) higher at 15 and 20% POM dietary levels. Abdominal fat became significantly (P < 0.05) higher as from 10% POM dietary level. Poultry offal meal (POM), the processed edible and inedible parts of poultry (viscera, feathers, beaks, blood, discarded eggs and dead birds), used in this study contained (on dry matter basis) crude protein 56.4%, crude fat 20.9%, total ash 7.7%, crude fibre 4.6%, metabolizable energy 3.18kcal/gm.

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Baumgartner, Miriam, Theresa Boisson, Michael H. Erhard, and Margit H. Zeitler-Feicht. "Common Feeding Practices Pose A Risk to the Welfare of Horses When Kept on Non-Edible Bedding." Animals 10, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10030411.

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During the evolution of the horse, an extended period of feed intake, spread over the entire 24-h period, determined the horses’ behaviour and physiology. Horses will not interrupt their feed intake for more than 4 h, if they have a choice. The aim of the present study was to investigate in what way restrictive feeding practices (non ad libitum) affect the horses’ natural feed intake behaviour. We observed the feed intake behaviour of 104 horses on edible (n = 30) and non-edible bedding (n = 74) on ten different farms. We assessed the duration of the forced nocturnal feed intake interruption of horses housed on shavings when no additional roughage was available. Furthermore, we comparatively examined the feed intake behaviour of horses housed on edible versus non-edible bedding. The daily restrictive feeding of roughage (2 times a day: n = 8; 3 times a day: n = 2), as it is common in individual housing systems, resulted in a nocturnal feed intake interruption of more than 4 hours for the majority (74.32%, 55/74) of the horses on shavings (8:50 ± 1:25 h, median: 8:45 h, minimum: 6:45 h, maximum: 13:23 h). In comparison to horses on straw, horses on shavings paused their feed intake less frequently and at a later latency. Furthermore, they spent less time on consuming the evening meal than horses on straw. Our results of the comparison of the feed-intake behaviour of horses on edible and non-edible bedding show that the horses’ ethological feeding needs are not satisfied on non-edible bedding. If the horses accelerate their feed intake (also defined as “rebound effect”), this might indicate that the horses‘ welfare is compromised. We conclude that in addition to the body condition score, the longest duration of feed intake interruption (usually in the night) is an important welfare indicator of horses that have limited access to roughage.

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Sá, Hemilly Cristina Menezes, Iran Borges, Gilberto De Lima Macedo Junior, José Neuman Miranda Neiva, Tássia Ludmila Teles Martins, and Joana Palhares Campolina. "Nutritional evaluation of babassu endocarp meal type II with different inclusions in sheep diets." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n1p321.

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Industrialization of the Babassu coconut for edible oil production generates many co-products and has great potential to be used in ruminant nutrition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different inclusions of endocarp meal type II of Babassu coconut (BEMII) on intake and digestibility of sheep diets. Twenty non-castrated male sheep with an undefined breed were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. The animals received an experimental diet with increasing inclusions of BEMII (0.0%, 7.5%, 15.0%, and 22.5%). Increasing additions of the coproduct negatively influenced dry matter intake (g/BW and g/kg0.75). Crude protein intake (in grams) per day decreased linearly with the inclusion of BEMII, presenting a reduction of 49.35 g/d. The inclusion of 7.5% showed the best response for energy balance among all inclusions and presented the closest nitrogen balance value when compared to the control group; therefore, this inclusion percentage is the best for endocarp meal utilization.

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Jat, R. S., V. V. Singh, Pankaj Sharma, and P. K. Rai. "Oilseed brassica in India: Demand, supply, policy perspective and future potential." OCL 26 (2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2019005.

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India is the largest agrarian subcontinent supporting 26% world’s agricultural population on 12% arable land. India is also the fifth largest vegetable oil economy accounting 7.4% oilseeds, 5.8% oils and 6.1% oil meal production, and 9.3% of edible oil consumption in the world. Oilseeds are the second most important agricultural economy in India next to cereals growing at a pace of 4.1% per annum in the last three decades. Oilseed brassica shares 23.5% area and 24.2% production of total oilseeds in the country. Despite being the third largest producer (11.3%) of oilseed brassica after Canada and China in the world, India meets 57% of the domestic edible oil requirements through imports and ranked 7th largest importer of edible oils in the world. Oilseed brassica achieved significant growth in India in the past, however, the productivity levels are still low owing to large cultivation under rainfed situation, biotic and abiotic stresses, and resources crunch. It is also facing the challenges of low genotypic potential, climate change and price fluctuation. Though, it embraces the immense scope to increase the production in traditional and non-traditional areas in India with proper inputs, technological interventions, and suitable policy framework. This needs to develop strategies in a well-planned, targeted manner with multi-scientific inputs, policy interface and stable price systems to bring the desired growth in oilseeds brassica production, and to reduce the import of edible oils in the country.

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Hilaj, Nikolin, Valeria Galetti, Roberta Murad Lima, Adam Krzystek, Wilfried Andlauer, Christophe Zeder, Michael Zimmermann, and Diego Moretti. "Measuring Dietary Iron Absorption From Edible Tenebrio molitor and Assessing the Effect of Chitin on Iron Bioavailability: A Stable Iron Isotope Study in Young Women." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab044_018.

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Abstract Objectives Iron deficiency is estimated to affect up to 1.5–2 billion people worldwide. Edible insects can be a rich source of iron and may have a smaller environmental food print than other animal source foods. Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae are recognized as an edible insect, but iron bioavailability in humans has not been investigated. Chitin, a major component of insect biomass, is a known iron binder. Our primary objective was to measure fractional iron absorption (FIA) from T.molitor with and without chitin in young women. Secondly, we aimed to assess the effect of the presence of mealworm biomass on iron absorption from iron present in low-phytate maize porridge. Methods Non-anemic females (18–45 years, body weight < 65 kg) were recruited and FIA was measured as erythrocyte incorporation of stable isotopes tracers in red blood cells 14 days after test meal administration. Using a randomized cross over design, three different meals were administered to each subject, consisting of A) a low phytate refined maize porridge with 54FeSO4; B) intrinsically labelled (57Fe) T.molitor with native chitin and extrinsic 58FeSO4; C) intrinsically labelled (57Fe) T.molitor with reduced chitin and extrinsic 58FeSO4. Results Median serum ferritin concentration in the participating subjects (n = 21) was 22.7 µg/L. Iron content in T.molitor larvae was FIA from meals B (58Fe, 5.28%) and C (58Fe, 4.55%) in which mealworm biomass was given in combination with maize porridge did not significantly differ to FIA from maize porridge fed alone (5.84%). In case of intrinsic labelling, FIA from meals B (57Fe, 4.11%) and C (57Fe, 4.03%) were significantly lower compared to maize meal A (P < 0.001). Conclusions FIA from T.molitor was similar to low-phytate containing maize. Presence of mealworm biomass did not enhance or inhibit the FIA of iron present in the maize meal. Furthermore, a chitin reduction process did not show any discernible effect on FIA. T.molitor larvae could be a viable source of iron in the human diet, but iron absorption may be similar to plant-based foods. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04510831. Funding Sources Coop Research Program, World Food System Center, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.

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Kristo, Aleksandra S., Garyfallia Tzanidaki, Andreas Lygeros, and Angelos K. Sikalidis. "Bile sequestration potential of an edible mineral (clinoptilolite) under simulated digestion of a high-fat meal: an in vitro investigation." Food & Function 6, no. 12 (2015): 3818–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fo00116a.

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Bile was sequestered with clinoptilolite under simulated digestion of a high-fat meal. Molecular docking modeling indicates the most electronegative parts of the bile acids (here: cholic acid) docking at an electropositive region of the clinoptilolite matrix.

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Lv, M., and W. Wu. "Optimization of an improved aqueous method for the production of high quality white sesame oil and de-oiled meal." Grasas y Aceites 71, no. 2 (May 19, 2020): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.0231191.

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Research into the production of white sesame oil by aqueous extraction has been promoted because of concerns about the environment, health, and cost. The advanced aqueous method using a 1.95:10 liquid-to-raw material ratio, which was finally developed in this study, recovered 96.06% white sesame oil and produced de-oiled meal with high quality (3.98% residual oil content). The acid value and peroxide value of the oil produced were quite low at 0.19 mg KOH/kg and < 3.25 mmol/kg, respectively, which were better than the values required by the Chinese national standard for first class edible sesame oils and oils produced by hexane extraction. No wastewater was discharged during the extraction of white sesame oils by an aqueous salt solution. The protein rich de-oiled meal may be a good material for making protein isolate with high purity (e.g. > 90%). It can also be a nutritious ingredient or raw material for producing many food products.

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Carvalho, Ana Vânia, Rafaella de Andrade Mattietto, Priscila Zaczuk Bassinello, Selma Nakamoto Koakuzu, Alessandro de Oliveira Rios, Renan de Almeida Maciel, and Rosangela Nunes Carvalho. "Processing and characterization of extruded breakfast meal formulated with broken rice and bean flour." Food Science and Technology 32, no. 3 (July 17, 2012): 515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-20612012005000073.

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The objective of this work was to develop an extruded breakfast product containing broken rice and split old beans and to verify the influence of the extrusion process on their physicochemical, technological, and sensory characteristic. The final product had a protein content of 9.9 g.100 g-1, and therefore it can be considered a good source of proteins for children and teenagers. The dietary fiber content of the final edible product was 3.71 g.100 g-1. Therefore, the breakfast meal may be considered as a source of dietary fiber according to Brazilian law . As for the technological properties, the extruded product presented an expansion index of 8.89 and apparent density of 0.25 g.cm-3. With regard to the sensory analysis, the acceptance average was ranked between 6.8 and 7.7, corresponding to the categories "liked slightly" and "liked very much". With regard to purchase intention, 79% of the panelists said they would certainly or possibly purchase the product. Broken rice and split old beans are interesting alternatives for the elaboration of extruded breakfast products presenting good nutritional, technological, and sensory qualities.

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Popescu, Mariana, Florin Oancea, Elena Radu, Mălina Deșliu-Avram, and Călina Petruța Cornea. "Bioconversion of Oilseeds into Bioproducts for Cultivated Plants Nutrition and Protection." “Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 572–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/alife-2018-0090.

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AbstractNatural by-products from vegetable oil industries and spent edible oils from domestic or public food spaces should be recycled to obtain new added value products. Present paper proposed a technical solution for complete valorisation of inedible oilseeds or spent edible oils into bioproducts for nutrition and protection of plants cultivated in conservative organic agrosystems. Pressed cakes resulted from mechanical cold extraction of mustard oil contain residual oil and bioactive compounds which were released using an enzymatic cocktail 1:1 cellulase with proteases coupled with azeotropic solvents into a single Soxhlet extractor. From mustard meal, a solid fraction with glycerol derivatives of fatty acids (56.23% oleate and 17.47% linoleate) decanted from syrup (41.78% xylopyranoside and 48.48% trilinolein) and from mustard cake (76.44% linoleate) in the supernatant, the same oligosaccharide (29.64%) and proteinates (30.18%) in the solid fraction. The total extract was simultaneously concentrated and converted into a bioactive potassium salt emulsion able to encapsulate insectofungicidal natural compounds as bioproducts with agronomical applications.

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Özcan, Cahit, Tülay Çimrin, Yasin Yakar, and Sema Alaşahan. "The Effects of Dietary Olive Cake Meal on Fattening Performance, Carcass and Slaughter Traits in Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 6 (July 2, 2021): 1030–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i6.1030-1036.4112.

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This study was aimed at investigating the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of olive cake meal (0%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5%) on the fattening performance and slaughter and carcass traits of quails. For this purpose, 400 one-day-old Japanese quail chicks were randomly assigned to 4 groups, each with 5 replicates. The quails were fed on either a basal diet alone (Control Group) or a basal diet supplemented with olive cake meal at rates of 2.5% (Group I), 5% (Group II) and 7.5% (Group III) for a period of 42 days. At the end of the fattening period, dietary olive cake meal was observed not to have caused any adverse effect on body weight, feed intake and feed conversion rate. Eviscerated hot carcass weight, eviscerated cold carcass weight, wing weight, breast weight, thigh weight and edible visceral organ weights were determined to have improved in the treatment groups that received dietary olive cake meal, when compared to the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with olive cake meal, a waste product of the olive oil industry, at a level of 5%, was observed to produce the closest and most similar results to those of feeding on the basal diet. Thus, it is suggested that olive cake meal could be used as an alternative feedstuff for poultry. Furthermore, the use of olive cake meal as an alternative feedstuff would contribute to reducing both feed costs and environmental pollution.

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Ojha, S., S. Bußler, M. Psarianos, G. Rossi, and O. K. Schlüter. "Edible insect processing pathways and implementation of emerging technologies." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7, no. 5 (August 13, 2021): 877–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2020.0121.

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The processing of insects is paramount to deliver safe and high quality raw materials, ingredients and products for large-scale food and feed applications. Depending upon the nature of the initial material and the desired end product, the processing pathways vary and may include several unit operations currently already used in food and feed processing. Insect processing pathways can involve harvesting, pre-processing, decontamination, further processing, packaging and storage. Several traditional and industrial decontamination methods have been proposed for edible insects, which include smoking, drying, blanching/boiling, marination, cooking, steaming, toasting and their combinations. Further processing steps are employed to produce insect meal, insect flour or extracted insect fractions. Each operation will have a different impact on the chemical and microbiological properties of the final product. Novel food processing technologies (e.g. high pressure processing, pulsed electric field, ultrasound and cold plasma) have shown potential to modify, complement or replace the conventional processing steps in insect processing. These technologies have been tested for microbial decontamination, enzyme inactivation, drying and extraction. Further, these are considered to be environmentally friendly and may be implemented for versatile applications to improve the processing efficiency, safety and quality of insect based products. Future research focuses in insect processing are development of efficient, environmentally friendly and low-cost processes; waste minimisation and incorporation of by-products/co-products.

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Marnis, Syahrul, Fitri, and Rovanita Rama. "Economic Contribution in the Management of Solid Waste Policy Processing Water on Improvement of Fish Processing Revenues." International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 2 (January 5, 2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n2p95.

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This study aims to analyze the economic contribution in the environmental management of solid waste processing of catfish to increase income of fish processing in Koto village Kampar regency Riau.The research method used is the method of exploitation of solid waste processing and case studies with respondents processing catfish (fillet fish, salai and salted fish). Data were collected using questionnaires on business actors, and solid waste processing trials (meat waste, fish head, fish bone, belly fat and edible offal or stomach). The waste is processed into raw material for food and feed industries that meet the quality standard of Indonesian National Standard (SNI) and calculated its economic value include business analysis (Gross Benefit Cost Ratio), Profitabilty Ratio, and IRR and environmental management scenario of catfish fish industry. The data obtained will be homogenized data and then tabulated and analyzed descriptively quantitative.The results showed that the net production technology capable of producing industrial raw materials in the form of fish meal (fish protein concentrate (KPI), fish oil, bone meal and fish skin chips with the Indonesian National Standard.

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Tamano, Luana Tieko Omena, Beethoven Brandão Correia de Lima, Joseane Da Silva, and Daniel de Magalhães Araujo. "FISHING, PROCESSING, COMMERCIALIZATION AND A PROPOSE TO FISHERY WASTE REUSE OF SURURU Mytella falcata IN THE MUNDAÚ LAGOON, MACEIÓ – AL, BRAZIL." Caminhos de Geografia 21, no. 76 (August 3, 2020): 306–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/rcg217652255.

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A diagnosis was made on the fishing, processing, commercialization and generation of residues of the sururu fishery in Mundaú lagoon, Maceió-AL. Thirty nine fishermen were interviewed and also incursions were made for observations. Furthermore, sururus were collected to perform biometry. Residue of the sururu processing was collected to the fabrication of sururu waste meal (SWM), posteriorilly its bromatological composition was analysed. Fishermens of sururus fish 4.56 times week-1 and each fishing excursion lasts 5h26min, yielding 18.61 cans (18.61 to 37.22 kg soft tissue). Besides the sururus, 77.92% also catch fish, shrimp, and other organisms to complement the income. Average selling price was R$ 6.92 per kg of edible and CPUE from 3.42 to 6.85kg edible day-1. The average size and weight are 33.21 mm and 1.62 g, with 782.53 g of waste being generated to produce 1.0 kg of meat. SWM contained 37.00% calcium. It was verified that there is a need to create a management plan capable of reducing environmental impact in the lagoon, implement fishing programs and waste management, as well as improve the structure for the processing of that mollusc. Studies of the use of SWM as a source of calcium in diets are also recommended.

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Oh, Yoon Ah, Si Hyeon Roh, and Sea C. Min. "Cold plasma treatments for improvement of the applicability of defatted soybean meal-based edible film in food packaging." Food Hydrocolloids 58 (July 2016): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.02.022.

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Wei, Ming Hua, Liu Qing Yang, Qiao Ling Zhou, and Jin Gui Zheng. "Construction of Optimal Allocation System on the Edible Agricultural Products Components of the Nutrition and Health Care Based on Internet of Things." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 3194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.3194.

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In daily life, the nutrients taken from the food of the human body are often insufficient or surplus, which has a negative impact on human health and waste of agricultural nutrients as well. There is some catering software that can guide people about the intake of the nutrients at home and abroad, but they can only realize the analysis function, that is, tell the user that the nutrients intake is inadequate or exceed the standard. This paper constructs an optimal allocation system of the agricultural products components of the nutrition and health care based on internet of things, allowing people to use it at home or in the hotel. Based on the users free ordering meal, analyze and optimize the users meal according to different types of users with different matching allocation model, guide the user to adjust the meal to meet their nutrient needs, finally reach the purpose of users adjustment of the dietary structure.

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Sabaté, Joan, Kitti Sranacharoenpong, Helen Harwatt, Michelle Wien, and Samuel Soret. "The environmental cost of protein food choices." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 11 (November 6, 2014): 2067–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014002377.

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AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the resource efficiency and environmental impacts of producing one kilogram of edible protein from two plant- and three animal-protein sources.DesignPrimary source data were collected and applied to commodity production statistics to calculate the indices required to compare the environmental impact of producing 1 kg of edible protein from kidney beans, almonds, eggs, chicken and beef. Inputs included land and water for raising animals and growing animal feed, total fuel, and total fertilizer and pesticide for growing the plant commodities and animal feed. Animal waste generated was computed for the animal commodities.SettingDesk-based study at the Department of Nutrition and Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Loma Linda University.SubjectsNone.ResultsTo produce 1 kg of protein from kidney beans required approximately eighteen times less land, ten times less water, nine times less fuel, twelve times less fertilizer and ten times less pesticide in comparison to producing 1 kg of protein from beef. Compared with producing 1 kg of protein from chicken and eggs, beef generated five to six times more waste (manure) to produce 1 kg of protein.ConclusionsThe substitution of beef with beans in meal patterns will significantly reduce the environmental footprint worldwide and should also be encouraged to reduce the prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases. Societies must work together to change the perception that red meat (e.g. beef) is the mainstay of an affluent and healthy diet.

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Pardo-Giménez, Arturo, Jaime Carrasco, José María María Roncero, Manuel Álvarez-Ortí, Diego Cunha Zied, and Jose Emilio Pardo-González. "Recycling of the biomass waste defatted almond meal as a novel nutritional supplementation for cultivated edible mushrooms." Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy 40, no. 1 (May 15, 2018): 39341. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v40i1.39341.

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Bakare, Adegoke H., Abiodun A. Adeola, Ibijoke Otesile, Adewale O. Obadina, Wasiu A. Afolabi, Mojisola O. Adegunwa, Rachael A. Akerele, Olaoluwa O. Bamgbose, and Emmanuel O. Alamu. "Nutritional, Texture, and Sensory Properties of composite biscuits produced from breadfruit and wheat flours enriched with edible fish meal." Food Science & Nutrition 8, no. 11 (September 30, 2020): 6226–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1919.

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Jörundsdóttir, Hrönn, Thorhallur I. Halldorsson, and Helga Gunnlaugsdottir. "PFAAs in Fish and Other Seafood Products from Icelandic Waters." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/573607.

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Perfluorinatedalkyl acids (PFAAs) are of growing concern due to possible health effects on humans. Exposure assessments indicate that fish consumption is one of the major sources of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure to humans, one of the major PFASs, whereas concerns of overestimation of this exposure source have been raised. Therefore, PFAAs concentrations in fish from the North Atlantic (Icelandic fishing grounds) in the flesh of different fish species were investigated along with more detailed analyses of tissue concentrations in cod (Gadus morhua) and lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus). Further, fish feed was investigated as a possible source of PFAAs in aquaculture by examining fish meal as feed ingredient. No PFAAs were detected in the edible part of all fish samples, except for PFOS in pollock (Pollachius virens, 0,05 ng/g wet weight). PFOS was the only PFAA detected in the fish meal samples with the exception of PFOSA in blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) meal (0,45 ng/g dry weight (d.w.)), where the PFOS concentration was 1,3–13 ng/g d.w. in the capelin (Mallotus villosus) and mackerel (Scomber scombrus) meal samples. The conclusions of the study are that fish commonly consumed from the Icelandic fishing grounds are unlikely to be an important source of PFAAs exposure.

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Davis, Jim B., Jack Brown, Jeffrey S. Brennan, and Donn C. Thill. "Predicting Decreases in Canola (Brassica napus and B. rapa) Oil and Meal Quality Caused by Contamination by Brassicaceae Weed Seeds." Weed Technology 13, no. 2 (June 1999): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00041671.

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Canola (edible rapeseed) crops are often infested by related weed species. This paper addresses effects that seeds from various Brassicaceae weeds may have on canola oil and meal quality. Seeds of common Brassicaceae weeds were collected from canola fields throughout northern Idaho. These were wild mustard, black mustard, birdsrape mustard, shepherd's-purse, flixweed, tumble mustard, and field pennycress. Collected seeds were physically described by weight, size, and shape and were analyzed for oil concentration, fatty acid composition, and glucosinolate concentration. Seed weights ranged from 0.1 to 2 g/1,000 seed. Oil concentration in the weed seeds ranged from 25 to 38%, with erucic acid levels ranging from less than 1 to 47%. Glucosinolate concentration in the mustard weed seeds was over 100 μmol/g oil-free meal, except for shepherd's-purse, which had only 3.4 μmol/g. Using these data, a simple model predicts that both canola oil and seed meal quality can be adversely affected by contamination with weed seeds. Increased erucic acid concentration in modeled admixtures was the most likely oil quality problem associated with weed seed contamination. Glucosinolate concentration in modeled admixtures was higher than acceptable only in those admixtures that also had erucic acid levels that exceeded canola quality standards. Canola-quality oil and seed meal can be maintained with conspicuous weed seed mixtures up to the 2% maximum allowed in U.S. No. 1 canola. However, canola-quality oil and seed meal was not achieved when a 5% weed seed mixture allowed in No. 2 canola was evaluated with the model.

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Schäufele, Isabel, Eric Barrera Albores, and Ulrich Hamm. "The role of species for the acceptance of edible insects: evidence from a consumer survey." British Food Journal 121, no. 9 (September 2, 2019): 2190–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2019-0017.

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Purpose Even though insect products increasingly receive attention as a sustainable food alternative to meat, consumer acceptance remains low. The purpose of this paper is to test consumer acceptance of two different insect species with varying degrees of processing which led to different degrees of insects’ visibility. Design/methodology/approach Insect dishes that varied according to species and degree of visibility were presented to participants of a self-administered personal survey within a meal context. Consumer acceptance was measured through the willingness-to-try the different dishes, and a hierarchical linear regression was applied to estimate the role of insect species. Findings Consumer acceptance can be improved by focusing on different forms of food processing and different insect species. The lower the visibility of insects, the higher the consumer acceptance, independent of insect species. However, this is not sufficient to overcome consumers’ widely held rejection. Main barriers for consumer acceptance seem to be low social and cultural acceptance, fear of trying unknown products and a lack of taste experience. Originality/value A huge body of literature has examined determinants of insect consumption, but the majority of these studies did not consider the effects of insect species. The study’s main objective is to close this research gap while checking the most relevant individual traits as identified through a literature review: food neophobia and familiarity, social and cultural norms, awareness of benefits of insect production, meat consumption and socio-demographics.

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Lira, Rosa Cavalcante, Carlos Bôa-Viagem Rabello, Paulo Vanderlei Ferreira, Geraldo Roberto Quintão Lana, Jorge Vitor Lüdke, and Wilson Moreira Dutra Junior. "Inclusion of guava wastes in feed for broiler chickens." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 38, no. 12 (December 2009): 2401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982009001200016.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of including guava wastes in the feed on the performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens. An experiment was carried out with 300 male Cobb strain chicks, in a randomized complete design with five levels of waste and five replications. A reference diet based on corn and soybean meal and four feeds with 3, 6, 9 or 12% guava waste were evaluated. The feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion were assessed weekly; the weight at slaughter and the weight and yield of eviscerated carcass, carcass without feet and head, breast, drumstick, thigh, wing, back, edible viscera and abdominal fat were assessed. The inclusion of guava waste in the feed promotes performance and carcass yield similar to that obtained with the feed based on corn and soybean meal, therefore this agro-industrial by-product can be used at levels of up to 12% in feeds for broiler chickens.

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Rumpold, B. A., and A. van Huis. "Education as a key to promoting insects as food." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7, no. 6 (September 11, 2021): 949–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2021.x007.

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Children in tropical countries have always eaten insects but are now often discouraged from doing so. Recently, the idea of the consumption of insects has been re-introduced as an answer to malnutrition since edible insects are a potential alternative and sustainable protein and food source. However, in countries where the consumption of insects is not traditional, there is a lack of acceptance as well as skills when it comes to preparing a meal with insects. Examples of experiments from different parts of the world are given, where children in schools are educated about the nutritional and environmental benefits of eating insects. In general, after the experience, children are more positive about the idea of eating insects. It is stipulated that insects as food could be a very good entry point for the discussion about our future food supply. Furthermore, with the increasing commercial production of edible insects, there is an increasing demand for skilled workers in the insect production industry. Essential to the promotion of insect consumption are the development of curricula and educational materials for vocational education, training of insect farmers, and general education in primary and secondary schools as well as tertiary education.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Edible meal'

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