Academic literature on the topic 'Eddy heat flux'

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Journal articles on the topic "Eddy heat flux"

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Chinn, Brian S., and Sarah T. Gille. "Estimating Eddy Heat Flux from Float Data in the North Atlantic: The Impact of Temporal Sampling Interval." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 24, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 923–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech2057.1.

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Abstract Acoustically tracked float data from 16 experiments carried out in the North Atlantic are used to evaluate the feasibility of estimating eddy heat fluxes from floats. Daily float observations were bin averaged in 2° by 2° by 200-db-deep geographic bins, and eddy heat fluxes were estimated for each bin. Results suggest that eddy heat fluxes can be highly variable, with substantial outliers that mean that fluxes do not converge quickly. If 100 statistically independent observations are available in each bin (corresponding to 500–1000 float days of data), then results predict that 80% of bins will have eddy heat fluxes that are statistically different from zero. Pop-up floats, such as Autonomous Lagrangian Circulation Explorer (ALACE) and Argo floats, do not provide daily sampling and therefore underestimate eddy heat flux. The fraction of eddy heat flux resolved using pop-up float sampling patterns decreases linearly with increasing intervals between float mapping and can be modeled analytically. This implies that flux estimates from pop-up floats may be correctable to represent true eddy heat flux.
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Gutierrez-Villanueva, Manuel O., Teresa K. Chereskin, and Janet Sprintall. "Upper-Ocean Eddy Heat Flux across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in Drake Passage from Observations: Time-Mean and Seasonal Variability." Journal of Physical Oceanography 50, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 2507–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0266.1.

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AbstractEddy heat flux plays a fundamental role in the Southern Ocean meridional overturning circulation, providing the only mechanism for poleward heat transport above the topography and below the Ekman layer at the latitudes of Drake Passage. Models and observations identify Drake Passage as one of a handful of hot spots in the Southern Ocean where eddy heat transport across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is enhanced. Quantifying this transport, however, together with its spatial distribution and temporal variability, remains an open question. This study quantifies eddy heat flux as a function of ACC streamlines using a unique 20-yr time series of upper-ocean temperature and velocity transects with unprecedented horizontal resolution. Eddy heat flux is calculated using both time-mean and time-varying streamlines to isolate the dynamically important across-ACC heat flux component. The time-varying streamlines provide the best estimate of the across-ACC component because they track the shifting and meandering of the ACC fronts. The depth-integrated (0–900 m) across-stream eddy heat flux is maximum poleward in the south flank of the Subantarctic Front (−0.10 ± 0.05 GW m−1) and decreases toward the south, becoming statistically insignificant in the Polar Front, indicating heat convergence south of the Subantarctic Front. The time series provides an uncommon opportunity to explore the seasonal cycle of eddy heat flux. Poleward eddy heat flux in the Polar Front Zone is enhanced during austral autumn–winter, suggesting a seasonal variation in eddy-driven upwelling and thus the meridional overturning circulation.
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Dunn-Sigouin, Etienne, and Tiffany Shaw. "Dynamics of Anomalous Stratospheric Eddy Heat Flux Events in an Idealized Model." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 77, no. 6 (May 28, 2020): 2187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-19-0231.1.

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Abstract Extreme stratospheric eddy and sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events both involve anomalous stratospheric eddy heat flux. The cause of the anomaly has been hypothesized to be due to tropospheric or stratospheric dynamics. Here, ensemble spectral nudging experiments in a dry dynamical-core model are used to quantify the role of the troposphere versus the stratosphere. The experiments focus on the wavenumber-1 heat flux since it dominates the anomalous stratospheric eddy heat flux during both events. Nudging the stratospheric zonal-mean flow does not account for the anomalous stratospheric wave-1 heat flux. Nudging either tropospheric wave-1 or higher-order wavenumbers (k ≥ 2) accounts for a large fraction of the anomalous stratospheric wave-1 heat flux. Mechanism denial experiments, whereby tropospheric eddies (wave 1 or k ≥ 2) are nudged and the zonal-mean flow is fixed to climatology, suggest the climatological stratospheric zonal-mean flow is sufficient to account for the anomalous stratospheric wave-1 heat flux and wave–wave interaction plays a role in generating the anomalous tropospheric wave-1 source. Taken together, the experiments suggest the troposphere dominates the anomalous stratospheric eddy heat flux during extreme stratospheric eddy and SSW events while the stratospheric zonal-mean flow plays secondary role.
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Wang, Lei, and Noboru Nakamura. "Covariation of Finite-Amplitude Wave Activity and the Zonal-Mean Flow in the Midlatitude Troposphere. Part II: Eddy Forcing Spectra and the Periodic Behavior in the Southern Hemisphere Summer." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, no. 12 (November 17, 2016): 4731–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-16-0091.1.

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Abstract Previously, in Part I of this study, the authors used latitude-by-latitude budgets of the vertically integrated finite-amplitude wave activity (FAWA) to describe the covariation of the zonal-mean state and eddy amplitude. In the austral summer within 40°–55°S, FAWA exhibits a marked 20–30-day periodicity driven mainly by the low-level meridional eddy heat flux, consistent with the recently identified baroclinic annular mode (BAM). The present article examines the spectra of eddy heat flux that produce the periodic behavior in the Southern Hemisphere storm track. Analysis of the ERA-Interim product reveals that the 20–30-day periodicity in raw FAWA and eddy heat flux is particularly robust during the warm season. A dry GCM is shown to reproduce qualitatively BAM-like eddy heat flux spectra if the zonal-mean state resembles that of the austral summer and if the surface thermal damping is sufficiently strong. The observed eddy heat flux cospectra in summer contain a few dominant frequencies for each of the energy-containing zonal wavenumbers (4–6). The corresponding Fourier modes are heat transporting but neutral, with slightly different meridional structures. As these modes travel at different phase speeds they interfere with each other and produce an amplitude modulation to the eddy heat flux with a periodicity consistent with the BAM. The meridionally confined baroclinic zone in the mean state of the austral summer provides a waveguide that directs the mode propagation and interference along the latitude circle. However, the processes that give rise to the quasi-discrete Fourier modes remain to be identified.
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Hogg, Andrew Mc C., Michael P. Meredith, Jeffrey R. Blundell, and Chris Wilson. "Eddy Heat Flux in the Southern Ocean: Response to Variable Wind Forcing." Journal of Climate 21, no. 4 (February 15, 2008): 608–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1925.1.

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Abstract The authors assess the role of time-dependent eddy variability in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) in influencing warming of the Southern Ocean. For this, an eddy-resolving quasigeostrophic model of the wind-driven circulation is used, and the response of circumpolar transport, eddy kinetic energy, and eddy heat transport to changes in winds is quantified. On interannual time scales, the model exhibits the behavior of an “eddy saturated” ocean state, where increases in wind stress do not significantly change the circumpolar transport, but instead enhance the eddy field. This is in accord with previous dynamical arguments, and a recent observational study. The instantaneous response to increased wind stress is to cool temperatures through increased northward Ekman transport of cool water. But, in the longer term, the enhanced eddy state is more efficient at transporting heat, leading to a warming of the ocean. The total eddy heat flux response is greater than the Ekman transport heat flux in this model by a factor of 2, indicating that coarse (non eddy resolving) models may fail to adequately capture the key processes. The authors also test the model response to long-term changes in wind forcing, including steadily increasing circumpolar wind strength over a 30-yr period. The model shows a response in eddy heat flux, and a change in ocean temperature not dissimilar from observed Southern Ocean warming. These findings suggest that eddy heat flux, energized by increasing wind stress, may be a significant contributor to the observed warming of the Southern Ocean.
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De Souza, João Marcos Azevedo Correia, Afonso De Moraes Paiva, and Karina Von Schuckmann. "New estimates for the heat flux across the Polar Front: spatial and temporal variability in recent years." Antarctic Science 25, no. 3 (January 9, 2013): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102012001113.

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AbstractTwo different methodologies are applied in order to quantify the eddy contribution to the heat flux across the Polar Front, between January 2006 and December 2009. First, the eddy fluxes are indirectly estimated through a heat balance based on geostrophic fluxes obtained from the Argo climatological temperature and salinity. Second, a parametric model based on sea level anomaly data from a merged satellite product is used to obtain a direct estimate of the eddy heat flux and its temporal and spatial variability. The results obtained through the heat balance (-80.5 ± 16.45 x 1013 W) and the parameterization (-56.2 ± 4.18 x 1013 W) are within the range established by previous studies. The eddy heat flux is observed to be concentrated in a few narrow regions, with a particularly large contribution from the Atlantic sector. A trend of intensification of the southward heat flux is observed in the study period (-0.44 x 1013 W year-1), compatible with recent modelling and observational studies.
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Watts, D. Randolph, Karen L. Tracey, Kathleen A. Donohue, and Teresa K. Chereskin. "Estimates of Eddy Heat Flux Crossing the Antarctic Circumpolar Current from Observations in Drake Passage." Journal of Physical Oceanography 46, no. 7 (July 2016): 2103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0029.1.

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AbstractThe 4-yr measurements by current- and pressure-recording inverted echo sounders in Drake Passage produced statistically stable eddy heat flux estimates. Horizontal currents in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) turn with depth when a depth-independent geostrophic current crosses the upper baroclinic zone. The dynamically important divergent component of eddy heat flux is calculated. Whereas full eddy heat fluxes differ greatly in magnitude and direction at neighboring locations within the local dynamics array (LDA), the divergent eddy heat fluxes are poleward almost everywhere. Case studies illustrate baroclinic instability events that cause meanders to grow rapidly. In the southern passage, where eddy variability is weak, heat fluxes are weak and not statistically significant. Vertical profiles of heat flux are surface intensified with ~50% above 1000 m and uniformly distributed with depth below. Summing poleward transient eddy heat transport across the LDA of −0.010 ± 0.005 PW with the stationary meander contribution of −0.004 ± 0.001 PW yields −0.013 ± 0.005 PW. A comparison metric, −0.4 PW, represents the total oceanic heat loss to the atmosphere south of 60°S. Summed along the circumpolar ACC path, if the LDA heat flux occurred at six “hot spots” spanning similar or longer path segments, this could account for 20%–70% of the metric, that is, up to −0.28 PW. The balance of ocean poleward heat transport along the remaining ACC path should come from weak eddy heat fluxes plus mean cross-front temperature transports. Alternatively, the metric −0.4 PW, having large uncertainty, may be high.
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Fine, Elizabeth C., Jennifer A. MacKinnon, Matthew H. Alford, and John B. Mickett. "Microstructure Observations of Turbulent Heat Fluxes in a Warm-Core Canada Basin Eddy." Journal of Physical Oceanography 48, no. 10 (October 2018): 2397–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-18-0028.1.

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AbstractAn intrahalocline eddy was observed on the Chukchi slope in September of 2015 using both towed CTD and microstructure temperature and shear sections. The core of the eddy was 6°C, significantly warmer than the surrounding −1°C water and far exceeding typical temperatures of warm-core Arctic eddies. Microstructure sections indicated that outside of the eddy the rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy ε was quite low . However, at the edges of the eddy core, ε was elevated to . Three different processes were associated with elevated ε. Double-diffusive steps were found at the eddy’s top edge and were associated with an upward heat flux of 5 W m−2. At the bottom edge of the eddy, shear-driven mixing played a modest role, generating a heat flux of approximately 0.5 W m−2 downward. Along the sides of the eddy, density-compensated thermohaline intrusions transported heat laterally out of the eddy, with a horizontal heat flux of 2000 W m−2. Integrating these fluxes over an idealized approximation of the eddy’s shape, we estimate that the net heat transport due to thermohaline intrusions along the eddy flanks was 2 GW, while the double-diffusive flux above the eddy was 0.4 GW. Shear-driven mixing at the bottom of the eddy accounted for only 0.04 GW. If these processes continued indefinitely at the same rate, the estimated life-span would be 1–2 years. Such eddies may be an important mechanism for the transport of Pacific-origin heat, freshwater, and nutrients into the Canada Basin.
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Bennett, Andrew F., and Warren B. White. "Eddy Heat Flux in the Subtropical North Pacific." Journal of Physical Oceanography 16, no. 4 (April 1986): 728–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1986)016<0728:ehfits>2.0.co;2.

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Rüdiger, G., P. Egorov, L. L. Kitchatinov, and M. Küker. "The eddy heat-flux in rotating turbulent convection." Astronomy & Astrophysics 431, no. 1 (February 2005): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20041670.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Eddy heat flux"

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Mole, N. "Eddy heat flux and baroclinic instability in storm tracks." Thesis, University of Reading, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373458.

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Arnold, Kira Brianne. "Eddy Covariance in a Tallgrass Prairie : energy balance closure, water and carbon budgets, and shrub expansion." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2362.

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Lammert, Andrea, and Armin Raabe. "Berechnung sensibler Wärmeströme mit der Surface Renewal Analysis und der Eddy - Korrelations - Methode." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-215495.

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Die Surface Renewal Analysis wurde zur Bestimmung sensibler Wärmeflußdichten im bodennahen Bereich der atmosphärischen Grenzschicht genutzt und mit der Eddy - Korrelations - Methode verglichen. Dazu wurden beide Berechnungsmethoden auf Temperatur - und Vertikalwinddaten angewandt, die unter Verwendung von Strukturfunktionen simuliert wurden. Zur Überprüfung der Resultate wurden über zwei verschiedenen Unterlagen (Wiese und Düne) hochfrequente Zeitreihen von Temperatur und Vertikalwind gemessen und mit der Surface Renewal Analysis und der Eddy - Korrelations - Methode analysiert
The Surface Renewal Analysis was used to estimate the sensible heat flux density in the ground near area of the boundary layer. The results were compared with eddy correlation method. For it both methods were used to analyse temperature- and vertical velocity-data, which were simulated by the application of structure functions. Time series of high frequency temperature- and vertical velocity-data over two different canopies (meadow and dune) were measured to examine the results. The data were analysed with surface renewal analysis and eddy correlation
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Potier, Luc. "Large Eddy Simulation of the combustion and heat transfer in sub-critical rocket engines." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0043/document.

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La combustion cryogénique dans les moteurs de fusée dits à propulsion liquide utilise généralement un couple d'ergols, le plus couramment composé d'hydrogène/oxygène (H2/O2). Privilégiée pour le fort pouvoir calorifique du dihydrogène, cette combustion à haute pression, induit des températures de fonctionnement très élevées et nécessite l'intégration d'un système de refroidissement. La prédiction des flux thermiques aux parois est donc un élément essentiel de la conception d'une chambre de combustion de moteur fusée. Ces flux sont le résultat d'écoulements fortement turbulents, compressibles, avec une cinétique chimique violente induisant de forts gradients d'espèces et de température. La simulation de ces phénomènes nécessite des approches spécifiques telles que la Simulation aux Grandes Echelles (SGE) qui réalise un très bon compromis entre précision et coût de calcul. Cette thèse a ainsi pour objectif la simulation par SGE des transferts de chaleur aux parois dans les chambres de combustion de moteurs fusée opérant en régime sous-critique. Le régime sous-critique implique un état liquide pour un des ergols, dont il faut traiter l'injection et l'atomisation. Dans un premier temps ce travail s'intéresse à plusieurs éléments de modélisation nécessaire pour réaliser les simulations visées. Le comportement des flammes H2/O2 est décrit par un schéma cinétique réduit et validé sur des configurations académiques. La prédictivité de ce schéma est évaluée sur une large gamme de fonctionnement dans des conditions représentatives des moteurs fusée. La simulation de l'injection de l'oxygène liquide (LOx) est un autre point critique qui nécessite de décrire l'atomisation et la phase dispersée ainsi que son couplage avec la phase gazeuse. La déstabilisation et l'atomisation primaire du jet liquide, trop complexe à simuler en SGE 3D, sont omises ici pour injecter directement un spray paramétré grâce à des corrélations empiriques. Enfin, la prédiction des flux thermiques utilise un modèle de loi de paroi spécifiquement dédiée aux écoulements à fort gradient de température. Cette loi de paroi est validée sur des configurations de canaux turbulents par comparaison avec des simulations avec résolution directe de la couche limite. La méthodologie basée sur les modèles développés est ensuite employée pour la simulation d'une chambre de combustion représentative du fonctionnement des moteurs cryogéniques. Il s'agit de la configuration CONFORTH testée sur le banc MASCOTTE (ONERA) et pour laquelle des mesures de température de paroi et de flux thermiques sont disponibles. Les résultats des SGE montrent un bon accord avec l'expérience et démontrent la capacité de la SGE à prédire les flux thermiques dans une chambre de combustion de moteur fusée. Enfin, dans un dernier chapitre ce travail s'intéresse à une méthode d'augmentation des transferts thermiques via une expérience de JAXA utilisant des parois rainurées dans la direction axiale. Par comparaison avec une chambre à parois lisses, les résultats démontrent la bonne prédiction par la SGE de l'augmentation du flux de chaleur grâce aux rainures et confirment la validité de la méthode développée pour des géométries de paroi complexes
Combustion in cryogenic engines is a complex phenomenon, involving either liquid or supercritical fluids at high pressure, strong and fast oxidation chemistry, and high turbulence intensity. Due to extreme operating conditions, a particularly critical issue in rocket engine is wall heat transfer which requires efficient cooling of the combustor walls. The concern goes beyond material resistance: heat fluxes extracted through the chamber walls may be reused to reduce ergol mass or increase the power of the engine. In expander-type engine cycle, this is even more important since the heat extracted by the cooling system is used to drive the turbo-pumps that feed the chamber in fuel and oxidizer. The design of rocket combustors requires therefore an accurate prediction of wall heat flux. To understand and control the physics at play in such combustor, the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach is an efficient and reliable numerical tool. In this thesis work, the objective is to predict wall fluxes in a subcritical rocket engine configuration by means of LES. In such condition, ergols may be in their liquid state and it is necessary to model liquid jet atomization, dispersion and evaporation.The physics that have to be treated in such engine are: highly turbulent reactive flow, liquid jet atomization, fast and strong kinetic chemistry and finally important wall heat fluxes. This work first focuses on several modeling aspects that are needed to perform the target simulations. H2/O2 flames are driven by a very fast chemistry, modeled with a reduced mechanism validated on academic configurations for a large range of operating conditions in laminar pre- mixed and non-premixed flames. To form the spray issued from the atomization of liquid oxygen (LOx) an injection model is proposed based on empirical correlations. Finally, a wall law is employed to recover the wall fluxes without resolving directly the boundary layer. It has been specifically developed for important temperature gradients at the wall and validated on turbulent channel configurations by comparison with wall resolved LES. The above models are then applied first to the simulation of the CONFORTH sub-scale thrust chamber. This configuration studied on the MASCOTTE test facility (ONERA) has been measured in terms of wall temperature and heat flux. The LES shows a good agreement compared to experiment, which demonstrates the capability of LES to predict heat fluxes in rocket combustion chambers. Finally, the JAXA experiment conducted at JAXA/Kakuda space center to observe heat transfer enhancement brought by longitudinal ribs along the chamber inner walls is also simulated with the same methodology. Temperature and wall fluxes measured with smooth walls and ribbed walls are well recovered by LES. This confirms that the LES methodology proposed in this work is able to handle wall fluxes in complex geometries for rocket operating conditions
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Morar, Dejan [Verfasser], and X. [Akademischer Betreuer] Cheng. "Subgrid-scale heat flux modeling for large eddy simulation of turbulent mixed convection / Dejan Morar. Betreuer: X. Cheng." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1065732139/34.

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Nilsson, Erik. "Flux Attenuation due to Sensor Displacement over Sea." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8024.

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In this study the flux attenuation due to sensor displacement has been investigated over sea using an extensive set of data from the "Ocean Horizontal Array Turbulence Study". All previous investigations of the flux attenuation have been performed over land.

A function developed for correcting fluxes in the homogenous surface layer was compared to measured flux attenuation. This investigation revealed the possibility to find new functions describing the flux attenuation when measurements are carried out over sea. From the measured flux attenuation studied here a change in the form of correction functions was required to improve the estimated flux loss. The most significant difference found in this report compared to the previous landbased study Horst (2006) is for stable conditions, where significantly less flux loss is found over sea. Two new functions describing the attenuation due to sensor displacement over sea have been constructed.

One of these expressions has a discontinuity at z/L = 0. This is supported by measured flux attenuation. A reasonable interpretation is; however, that this discontinuity is caused by two separate turbulence regimes near neutrality on the stable and unstable side respectively. The discontinuity is thus not believed to be an effect merely of stability. A second correction function which is continuous over all stabilities has therefore also been constructed. These two functions and the correction function from Horst (2006) have been compared to measured flux loss. Based on this comparison the continuous correction function is recommended for correcting scalar fluxes measured over sea. It should be noted, however, that this expression only describes the mean attenuation and has been constructed from measurements at 5 and 5.5 m above mean sea level.

The theoretical basis used in the development of the function for flux attenuation over land allows for a direct link between a spectral shape and the attenuation expression. This link has been preserved for the new expressions presented in this report. The spectral shape corresponding to the continuous correction function has been compared to measured mean cospectra and also to the cospectra from Horst (2006) corresponding to crosswind displacements.

At a height of 10 m and a sensor displacement of 0.2 m the mean flux attenuation is about 1.3-4% in the stability interval −1 < z/L < 1.5 when using the new correction functions presented in this report.

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Lammert, Andrea, and Armin Raabe. "Berechnung sensibler Wärmeströme mit der Surface Renewal Analysis und der Eddy - Korrelations - Methode." Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen des Leipziger Instituts für Meteorologie ; 17 = Meteorologische Arbeiten aus Leipzig ; 5 (2000), S. 127-138, 2000. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15159.

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Die Surface Renewal Analysis wurde zur Bestimmung sensibler Wärmeflußdichten im bodennahen Bereich der atmosphärischen Grenzschicht genutzt und mit der Eddy - Korrelations - Methode verglichen. Dazu wurden beide Berechnungsmethoden auf Temperatur - und Vertikalwinddaten angewandt, die unter Verwendung von Strukturfunktionen simuliert wurden. Zur Überprüfung der Resultate wurden über zwei verschiedenen Unterlagen (Wiese und Düne) hochfrequente Zeitreihen von Temperatur und Vertikalwind gemessen und mit der Surface Renewal Analysis und der Eddy - Korrelations - Methode analysiert.
The Surface Renewal Analysis was used to estimate the sensible heat flux density in the ground near area of the boundary layer. The results were compared with eddy correlation method. For it both methods were used to analyse temperature- and vertical velocity-data, which were simulated by the application of structure functions. Time series of high frequency temperature- and vertical velocity-data over two different canopies (meadow and dune) were measured to examine the results. The data were analysed with surface renewal analysis and eddy correlation.
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Mitic, Constance M. (Constance Maria). "Spatial distribution and co-occurrence of surface-atmosphere exchange processes." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68223.

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Grid-type flight patterns at an altitude of 30 m were executed in the summer of 1991 by the Canadian Twin Otter flux research aircraft over a 15 km x 16.5 km agricultural area, as part of the San Joaquin Valley Air Quality Study/California Ozone Deposition Experiment (SJVAQS/CODE). Fast-response on board sensors for turbulence, temperature and gas concentrations permitted the spatial mapping of fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, moisture, CO$ sb2$ and ozone. Flux maps were produced in the form of GIS-interpolated 1 km averages, and in the discrete form of those coherent structures of the turbulent process, intermittent in time and space, which dominate the exchange of scalars between the ground and the atmosphere. The magnitude of surface-related mesoscale contributions to the flux was also quantified. Flux observations were compared against radiometrically observed surface temperatures and vegetation indices (NDVI), observed from aircraft and satellite (NOAA AVHRR), and surface characteristics from ground surveys.
Flux maps showed the expected correspondence between greenness, evapo(trans)ration (ET) and CO$ sb2$ exchange. Discrepancies between ozone flux maps and maps of greenness, ET or CO$ sb2$ were more pronounced than would be consistent with the hypothesis of stomatal control of ozone uptake. More insight into control mechanisms on ozone exchange is gained by an examination of the spatial coincidence between transporting structures for the various scalars (heat, moisture, CO$ sb2$ and ozone), through the Jaccard coefficient of co-location (J), which showed a lower value ($ rm0.3
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Caramori, Paulo Henrique. "Structural analysis of airborne flux traces and their link to remote sensing of vegetation and surface temperature." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41012.

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This thesis examines the link between airborne flux estimates of CO$ sb2$, sensible heat, and water vapor, and surface parameters retrieved by remote sensing. Chapter 1 analyses the relationship between surface temperature and vegetation indices, obtained from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer on board of NOAA-9 and -10 satellites, and fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, and CO$ sb2$, estimated from aircraft. Linear relationships between CO$ sb2$ and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) or the Simple Ratio vegetation index (SR) are found on a daily basis, but a highly nonlinear relationship appears for the seasonal variation. Latent Heat fluxes showed the poorest correlations with surface parameters. A seasonal linear relationship appeared between sensible heat and NDVI. Local extreme flux values due to the intermittency of boundary layer dynamics largely contribute to lower the correlations; such variations are the reason for the difficulties in relating fluxes obtained from single overpasses and over short distances to fixed points at the surface. This problem is further examined in Chapter 2, in which conditional sampling of airborne flux estimates is used to characterize the turbulent structures that are carrying flux, and their link to the surface. The analysis confirms that few extreme events may carry a significant fraction of the flux. Missing or hitting one of these structures may translate into very large oscillations on the flux estimate that are often not directly coupled to surface characteristics. A much clearer surface 'signature' emerges when measurements are taken within the surface layer, since the reorganization of turbulent structures that takes place with increasing height will result in a merging of the signature that came from different sources at the surface. This helps to explain some of the poor correlations obtained in Chapter 1 and reinforces the need for a better understanding of the distributions of these tu
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Burnett, Benjamin F. "Exploratory Eddy Covariance Measurements of Surface Heat and CO2 Fluxes in the Roughness Sublayer of an Urban Environment." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/401.

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In this study eddy covariance was used to measure sensible heat, latent heat, and carbon dioxide fluxes for the months of August, September, and October of 2009 within the roughness sublayer (RSL) of the urban center of Portland, OR. Vehicle traffic and solar radiation were also measured for the month of October. Flux measurements were compared with measurements from other urban areas as a test of reasonableness. CO₂ fluxes were nearly always positive and were strongly correlated with the weekday diurnal traffic cycle. CO₂ fluxes averaged 6.6 μmol/m^²s, which is less than other published measurements in urban areas. Sensible and latent heat fluxes followed the expected diurnal profile associated with solar radiation. Average sensible heat flux decreased as the season changed from summer to fall, moving from an average of 39 W/m^² in August to 12 W/m^² in October. A corresponding increase in latent heat flux was observed during this period, changing from an average of 10 W/m^² in August to 17 W/m^² in October. Heat flux behavior and amplitude was consistent with other urban measurements, though amplitude varies considerably from city to city. Stationarity was shown to positively influence measured CO₂ fluxes, but to have little effect on measured heat fluxes. Preliminary comparisons of October sensible heat and CO₂ fluxes to an inventory-based estimate of vehicle emissions indicate that eddy covariance measurements underestimate the true fluxes by 50%.
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Books on the topic "Eddy heat flux"

1

Solovev, Mikhail A. Assessment of mesoscale eddy parameterizations for coarse resolution ocean models. Cambridge, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999.

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Michels, Berenice I. Fluxes of heat and water vapour in a convective mixed layer during EFEDA. Köln: Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt, 1992.

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Foken, Th. Turbulenter Energieaustausch zwischen Atmosphäre und Unterlage: Methoden, messtechnische Realisierung sowie ihre Grenzen und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. Offenbach am Main: Selbstverlag des Deutschen Wetterdienstes, 1990.

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Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station (Fort Collins, Colo.), ed. Eddy diffusivities for sensible heat, ozone and momentum from eddy correlation and gradient measurements. Fort Collins, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1993.

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D, Otto William, and Environmental Technology Laboratory (Environmental Research Laboratories), eds. Datasets of the scintillation experiment at Sevilleta, New Mexico. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Environmental Technology Laboratory, 1996.

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Fluxes of momentum and heat measured at Sevilleta, New Mexico. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Environmental Technology Laboratory, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Eddy heat flux"

1

Salinas-Vázquez, Martín, and Olivier Métais. "Large Eddy Simulation of a Square Duct with a Heat Flux." In Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation III, 13–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9285-7_2.

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Olmeda, R., P. Breda, C. Stemmer, and M. Pfitzner. "Large-Eddy Simulations for the Wall Heat Flux Prediction of a Film-Cooled Single-Element Combustion Chamber." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 223–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_14.

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Abstract In order for modern launcher engines to work at their optimum, film cooling can be used to preserve the structural integrity of the combustion chamber. The analysis of this cooling system by means of CFD is complex due to the extreme physical conditions and effects like turbulent fluctuations damping and recombination processes in the boundary layer which locally change the transport properties of the fluid. The combustion phenomena are modeled by means of Flamelet tables taking into account the enthalpy loss in the proximity of the chamber walls. In this work, Large-Eddy Simulations of a single-element combustion chamber experimentally investigated at the Technical University of Munich are carried out at cooled and non-cooled conditions. Compared with the experiment, the LES shows improved results with respect to RANS simulations published. The influence of wall roughness on the wall heat flux is also studied, as it plays an important role for the lifespan of a rocket engine combustors.
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Schumann, Jan-Erik, Markus Fertig, Volker Hannemann, Thino Eggers, and Klaus Hannemann. "Numerical Investigation of Space Launch Vehicle Base Flows with Hot Plumes." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 179–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_11.

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Abstract The flow field around generic space launch vehicles with hot exhaust plumes is investigated numerically. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations are thermally coupled to a structure solver to allow determination of heat fluxes into and temperatures in the model structure. The obtained wall temperatures are used to accurately investigate the mechanical and thermal loads using Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulations (IDDES) as well as RANS. The investigated configurations feature cases both with cold air and hot hydrogen/ water vapour plumes as well as cold and hot wall temperatures. It is found that the presence of a hot plume increases the size of the recirculation region and changes the pressure distribution on the nozzle structure and thus the loads experienced by the vehicle. The same effect is observed when increasing the wall temperatures. Both RANS and IDDES approaches predict the qualitative changes between the configurations, but the reattachment location predicted by IDDES is up to 7% further upstream than that predicted by RANS. Additionally, the heat flux distribution along the nozzle and base surface is analysed and shows significant discrepancies between RANS and IDDES, especially on the nozzle surface and in the base corner.
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Odhiambo, G. O., and M. J. Savage. "Comparison of Sensible Heat Flux as Measured by Surface Layer Scintillometer and Eddy Covariance Methods Under Different Atmospheric Stability Conditions." In Challenges and Opportunities in Agrometeorology, 461–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19360-6_34.

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Smith, M. O., J. R. Simpson, and L. J. Fritschen. "Spatial and Temporal Variation of Eddy Flux Measures of Heat and Momentum in the Roughness Sublayer Above a 30-m Douglas-Fir Forest." In The Forest-Atmosphere Interaction, 563–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5305-5_33.

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Kaimal, J. C., and J. J. Finnigan. "Sensors and Techniques for Observing the Boundary Layer." In Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195062397.003.0009.

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Sensors used for boundary layer measurements fall into two broad categories: in situ sensors that can be mounted on the ground, on masts, towers, tethered balloons, free balloons, or aircraft; and remote sensors, ground-based or aircraft-mounted, that infer atmospheric properties through their effects on acoustic, microwave, and optical signals propagating through the air. In situ sensors are the traditional instruments of choice for surface and lower boundary layer studies, being the only ones capable of the accuracy and resolution needed for quantitative work. A major portion of this chapter will therefore be devoted to discussions of their characteristics. Remote sensors have the advantage of increased range and spatial scanning capability, but the constraints on minimum range and spatial resolution limit their usefulness for surface layer measurements. Used in combination, however, the two types of sensors provide a more complete description of the flow field being studied than either of the two can provide separately. New remote sensors with shorter minimum ranges and finer range resolutions are now becoming available for boundary layer applications. A brief discussion of such devices is also included in this chapter. The variables of greatest interest to boundary layer meteorologists are wind speed, temperature, humidity, and the fluxes of momentum, heat, mass, and radiant energy. Given suitable fast-response measurements of wind velocity and scalar fluctuations, we can calculate the eddy fluxes directly from the products of their fluctuating components as explained in Chapter 1. If only the gradients of their means are available, however, then over a flat homogeneous surface the fluxes may be inferred from the Monin-Obukhov relationships of Chapters 1 and 3. Practical methods for doing that are described in many texts; see, for example, Monteith (1975, 1976). (Those simple relationships do not hold, as we know, under advective conditions, in plant canopies, and over hills.) There are also sensors in use that measure surface and near-surface fluxes directly, such as the drag plate (surface stress), the lysimeter (latent heat flux), flux plates (soil heat flux), and radiometers (radiant heat flux). We will discuss these and a few other types as well because of their application to studies of plant canopies.
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Manescau, Brady, Khaled Chetehouna, Ilyas Sellami, Rachid Nait-Said, and Fatiha Zidani. "BLEVE Fireball Effects in a Gas Industry: A Numerical Modeling Applied to the Case of an Algeria Gas Industry." In Fire Safety and Management Awareness. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92990.

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This chapter presents the numerical modeling of the BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion) thermal effects. The goal is to highlight the possibility to use numerical data in order to estimate the potential damage that would be caused by the BLEVE, based on quantitative risk analysis (QRA). The numerical modeling is carried out using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) version 6. The BLEVE is defined as a fireball, and in this work, its source is modeled as a vertical release of hot fuel in a short time. Moreover, the fireball dynamics is based on a single-step combustion using an eddy dissipation concept (EDC) model coupled with the default large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence model. Fireball characteristics (diameter, height, heat flux and lifetime) issued from a large-scale experiment are used to demonstrate the ability of FDS to simulate the various steps of the BLEVE phenomenon from ignition up to total burnout. A comparison between BAM (Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung, Allemagne) experiment data and predictions highlights the ability of FDS to model BLEVE effects. From this, a numerical study of the thermal effects of BLEVE in the largest gas field in Algeria was carried out.
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Kaimal, J. C., and J. J. Finnigan. "Spectra and Cospectra Over Flat Uniform Terrain." In Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195062397.003.0005.

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Turbulent flows like those in the atmospheric boundary layer can be thought of as a superposition of eddies—coherent patterns of velocity, vorticity, and pressure— spread over a wide range of sizes. These eddies interact continuously with the mean flow, from which they derive their energy, and also with each other. The large “energy-containing” eddies, which contain most of the kinetic energy and are responsible for most of the transport in the turbulence, arise through instabilities in the background flow. The random forcing that provokes these instabilities is provided by the existing turbulence. This is the process represented in the production terms of the turbulent kinetic energy equation (1.59) in Chapter 1. The energy-containing eddies themselves are also subject to instabilities, which in their case are provoked by other eddies. This imposes upon them a finite lifetime before they too break up into yet smaller eddies. This process is repeated at all scales until the eddies become sufficiently small that viscosity can affect them directly and convert their kinetic energy to internal energy (heat). The action of viscosity is captured in the dissipation term of the turbulent kinetic energy equation. The second-moment budget equations presented in Chapter 1, of which (1.59) is one example, describe the summed behavior of all the eddies in the turbulent flow. To understand the conversion of mean kinetic energy into turbulent kinetic energy in the large eddies, the handing down of this energy to eddies of smaller and smaller scale in an “eddy cascade” process, and its ultimate conversion to heat by viscosity, we must isolate the different scales of turbulent motion and separately observe their behavior. Taking Fourier spectra and cospectra of the turbulence offers a convenient way of doing this. The spectral representation associates with each scale of motion the amount of kinetic energy, variance, or eddy flux it contributes to the whole and provides a new and invaluable perspective on boundary layer structure. The spectrum of boundary layer fluctuations covers a range of more than five decades: millimeters to kilometers in spatial scales and fractions of a second to hours in temporal scales.
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Conference papers on the topic "Eddy heat flux"

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Fröhlich, Hans-Erich, and Günther Rüdiger. "The Eddy-heat flux as stabilizing cold accretion disks." In Accretion processes in astrophysical systems: Some like it hot! - eigth astrophysics conference. AIP, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.55883.

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Huai, Y., A. Sadiki, S. Pfadler, M. Loffler, Frank Beyrau, Alfred Leipertz, and Friedrich Dinkelacker. "Experimental Assessment of Scalar Flux Models for Large Eddy Simulations of Non-Reacting Flows." In Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer 5. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer. New York: Begellhouse, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2006.turbulheatmasstransf.470.

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Fang, Jian, and Lipeng Lu. "Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Heat Flux Control by Spanwise Wall Oscillation." In 39th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-4017.

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Stolz, Steffen. "High-Pass Filtered Eddy-Viscosity Models for Large-Eddy Simulations of Compressible Wall-Bounded Flows." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56540.

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Eddy-viscosity models such as the Smagorinsky model [1] are the most often employed subgrid-scale (SGS) models for large-eddy simulations (LES). However, for a correct prediction of the viscous sublayer of wall-bounded turbulent flows van-Driest wall damping functions or a dynamic determination of the constant [2] have to be employed. Alternatively, high-pass filtered (HPF) quantities can be used instead of the full velocity field for the computation of the subgrid-scale model terms. This approach has been independently proposed by Vreman [3] and Stolz et al. [4]. In this contribution we consider LES of a spatially developing supersonic turbulent boundary layer at a Mach number of 2.5 and momentum-thickness Reynolds numbers at inflow of approximately 4500, using the HPF Smagorinsky model. The model is supplemented by a HPF eddy-diffusivity ansatz for the SGS heat flux in the energy equation. Turbulent inflow conditions are generated by a rescaling and recycling technique proposed by [5] where the mean and fluctuating part of the turbulent boundary layer at some distance downstream of inflow is rescaled and reintroduced at inflow.
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Dailey, Lyle, and Richard Pletcher. "Large eddy simulation of constant heat flux turbulent channel flow with property variations." In 36th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-791.

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Wang, Xiaohang, Xiaofeng Xu, and Richard Pletcher. "Large Eddy Simulation of Supercritical CO2 Pipe Flow with Constant Wall Heat Flux." In 17th AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-4995.

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Hradisky, Michal, and Thomas Hauser. "Evaluating LES Subgrid-Scale Models for High Heat Flux Flows." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32504.

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This work is concerned with the modeling of a strongly heated, low Mach number, gas flowing upward within a vertical tube with constant heat flux boundary conditions. Four large eddy subgrid models are compared in their ability to predict the temperature distribution in the heated pipe. All LES models predict the mean velocity profile reasonably well. The RMS values of the Smagorinsky-Lilly model and the WALE model show the same shape but different magnitude while the standard Smagorinsky model shows the maximum at a different location. The mean temperature profiles along the wall in the section with the prescribed heat flux are underpredicted by all LES models.
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Chumakov, Sergei, and Christopher J. Rutland. "Dynamic Structure SGS Models for Large Eddy Simulations." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56459.

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Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is based on separation of variable of interest into two parts — resolved and unresolved, where resolved parts are obtained numerically using transport equations, and the effect of unresolved parts on resolved is modeled using subgrid-scale (SGS) models. This technique has been successfully applied to variety of problems including simulation of internal combustion engines. In this paper we present and discuss three new LES sub-grid scale (SGS) models for: • SGS scalar flux; • SGS scalar dissipation; • SGS energy dissipation. The proposed models belong to a new family of SGS models — Dynamic Structure (DS) models. The DS models take the structure of the model term from the corresponding Leonard-type term, and a particular form of a scaling factor is then used. The models are evaluated a priori using available DNS data for a non-reacting mixing layer and decaying isotropic turbulence. The evaluation results compare well with viscosity and similarity models. During the a priori tests, the DS models were found do be robust and perform better than dynamic viscosity and similarity models under variety of conditions including different test-to-base filter size ratios and non-symmetric filters. To evaluate the models a posteriori, they are implemented into a high-order finite-difference code and two LES simulations are conducted: an LES of decaying isotropic turbulence and an LES non-reacting incompressible mixing layer. The results from both runs are compared with data available from the literature and DNS simulations.
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Jia, Xinhua, Xiaodong Zhang, and Dean D. Steele. "Comparison of Sensible Heat Flux Measurements by a Large Aperture Scintillometer and Eddy Correlation Methods." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)422.

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Olmeda, R., and C. Stemmer. "Wall Heat Flux Analysis of a Film-Cooled Single-Element Combustion Chamber with Large-Eddy Simulations." In Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Shock Waves (ISSW32 2019). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-2730-4_0241-cd.

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