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1
Petersen, Raymond L. "Towards an appreciation of fern edaphic niche requirements." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 86 (1985): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000008009.
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SynopsisThis assessment of selected literature on pteridophyte edaphic adaptation is presented in three parts: (1) pH and general soil nutrient background, (2) growth responses to specific inorganic ions and frond mineral content, and (3) collected works on Pteridium aquilinum edaphic adaptations. In this report, a case is made for the overriding effect of both soil pH and inorganic ion content in determining pteridophyte occurrence. Recommendations are made for more field and laboratory co-ordinated studies, especially as they pertain to the determination of species-specific amplitudes of adaptation, and for the initiation of physiological and metabolic investigations into the basis of these edaphic adaptations.
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Yorkina, Nadia, Katerina Maslikova, Olga Kunah, and Olexandr Zhukov. "ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF VALLONIA PULCHELLA (MULLER, 1774) ECOLOGICAL NICHE IN TECHNOSOLS (NIKOPOL MANGANESE ORE BASIN, UKRAINE)." Ecologica Montenegrina 17 (April 4, 2018): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2018.17.5.
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The ecological niche of Vallonia pulchella (Muller, 1774) was investigated by means of the general factor analysis of GNESFA. It was revealed that the ecological niche of a micromollusk is determined by both edaphic factors and ecological features of vegetation. Ecological niche optima may be presented by integral variables such as marginality and specialization axes and may be plotted in geographic space. The spatial distribution of the Vallonia pulchella habitat suitability index (HSI) within the Technosols (sod-lithogenic soils on red-brown clays) is shown, which allows predicting the optimal conditions for the existence of the species.
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Andrusevych, K. V. "Ecological space of the sod-lithogenic soils on the red-brown clays animal community." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 15, no. 1-2 (March 28, 2014): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041411.
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The ecological niche is the keystone conception of theoretical ecology. But for its use methodical difficulties appears which can be solved with the help of the number of statistical techniques which includes OMI-analyses. This procedure has given the possibility of visualization of the ecological niche of soil animal community of the sod-lithogenic soils on the red-brown clays. The phenomenon of differentiation of the ecological niche demands the explanation of structuring ecological space and detects of dominant factors which have influenced for the physiognomy of communities of soil animals. The important problem is also to evaluate the role of ecological specialization of animals, which expresses in the terms ecomorphical structure. The usage of RLQ-analyses has permitted to quantity estimate the influence of vegetation features and edaphic factors on the spatial distribution of soil mesofauna. The researching polygon is characterized both the presence of patch with optimal vital activity terms, and with unfavorable conditions. Mesopedobionts within researching polygon have been established as not being ecologically homogeneous. The functional groups A and B embrace in the majority of endogeic animals such as larvae of beetles. The ecologically diverse ecomorphic properties of these groups with high density of the animal community may be determined by the axis number 1. These groups concentrate within 3–4 meters diameter patches with most favorable conditions for vital activity. Such patches are marginal for this polygon. The functional group C is presented by gerpetobiont animals which are able to migrate and relatively tolerant to edaphic factors. That is why centroid of given group is most closely located to the typical condition of this polygon. Considered indicators of soil as environment of living organisms permit to estimate the community’s ecological niche. The quantity characteristics of species ecological niches within researching polygon such as specialization and marginality have been estimated. At first for the characteristics of soil animals’ ecological niches have been used phytoindicator scales and ecomorphical analyses of the vegetations structure and also physiognomy types of it. The selection of functional groups of soil animals and applied for them ecomorphical characteristics are present high information values and conformity of indicator scales for the description of real current types of conditions of ecosystems.
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Lau, Jennifer A., Andrew C. McCall, Kendi F. Davies, John K. McKay, and Jessica W. Wright. "HERBIVORES AND EDAPHIC FACTORS CONSTRAIN THE REALIZED NICHE OF A NATIVE PLANT." Ecology 89, no. 3 (March 2008): 754–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-0591.1.
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Zhukov, O. V., D. V. Kovalenko, S. S. Kramarenko, and A. S. Kramarenko. "Analysis of the spatial distribution of the ecological niche of the land snail Brephulopsis cylindrica (Stylommatophora, Enidae) in technosols." Biosystems Diversity 27, no. 1 (March 10, 2019): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/011910.
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The aim of our work is to describe the ecological niche of the land snail Brephulopsis cylindrica (Menke, 1828) in terms of the edaphic properties and properties of the vegetation cover and to show the spatial features of the variation of the habitat preference index within the artificial soil body – technosols (soddy-lithogenic soils on loess-like clays) using the ecological niche factor analysis (ENFA). The research was carried out at the Research Centre of the Dnipro Agrarian and Economic University in Pokrov. Sampling was carried out on a variant of artificial soil (technozems) formed on loess-like clays. The test site where the sampling was conducted consists of 7 transects of 15 samples each. Test points form a regular grid with a mesh size of 3 m. Soil mechanical impedance, aggregate-size distribution, soil electrical conductivity, vegetation physiognomic characteristics, and Didukh phytoindication scales were used as ecogeographic predictors of the mollusc’s ecological niche properties. Phytoindication assessment indicates that the technosol ecological regimes are favourable for sub-mesophytes, hemi-hydrocontrastophiles, neutrophiles, semi-eutrophs. The test for statistical significance showed that an axis of marginality of the ecological niche of B. cylindrica and axes of specialization are significantly different from the random distribution. We found that the ecological niche of the mollusc is determined by both edaphic factors and ecological features of vegetation. The marginality of B. cylindrica ecological niche over the entire period of study is determined mainly by preferences for physiognomic vegetation types, higher values of the continentality and thermality regimes. Often greater content in the soil of aggregates 1–3 mm in size coincides with greater numbers of B. cylindrica individuals. Individuals of this species avoid physiognomic type III and areas with higher soil alkalinity and mineralization detected both by means of the phytoindication approach and soil electrical conductivity data. Ecological niche optima may be presented by integral variables such as marginality and specialization axes and plotted in geographic space. The spatial distribution of the B. cylindrica habitat suitability index (HSI) within the technosols is shown, which makes it possible to predict the optimal conditions for the existence of the species.
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Ramond, Jean-Baptiste, Annelize Pienaar, Alacia Armstrong, Mary Seely, and Don A. Cowan. "Niche-Partitioning of Edaphic Microbial Communities in the Namib Desert Gravel Plain Fairy Circles." PLoS ONE 9, no. 10 (October 3, 2014): e109539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109539.
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Tuomisto, Hanna. "Edaphic niche differentiation among Polybotrya ferns in western Amazonia: implications for coexistence and speciation." Ecography 29, no. 3 (February 22, 2006): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0906-7590.04390.x.
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Banerjee, Samiran, Nabla Kennedy, Alan E. Richardson, Keith N. Egger, and Steven D. Siciliano. "Archaeal ammonia oxidizers respond to soil factors at smaller spatial scales than the overall archaeal community does in a high Arctic polar oasis." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 62, no. 6 (June 2016): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2015-0669.
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Archaea are ubiquitous and highly abundant in Arctic soils. Because of their oligotrophic nature, archaea play an important role in biogeochemical processes in nutrient-limited Arctic soils. With the existing knowledge of high archaeal abundance and functional potential in Arctic soils, this study employed terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-RFLP) profiling and geostatistical analysis to explore spatial dependency and edaphic determinants of the overall archaeal (ARC) and ammonia-oxidizing archaeal (AOA) communities in a high Arctic polar oasis soil. ARC communities were spatially dependent at the 2–5 m scale (P < 0.05), whereas AOA communities were dependent at the ∼1 m scale (P < 0.0001). Soil moisture, pH, and total carbon content were key edaphic factors driving both the ARC and AOA community structure. However, AOA evenness had simultaneous correlations with dissolved organic nitrogen and mineral nitrogen, indicating a possible niche differentiation for AOA in which dry mineral and wet organic soil microsites support different AOA genotypes. Richness, evenness, and diversity indices of both ARC and AOA communities showed high spatial dependency along the landscape and resembled scaling of edaphic factors. The spatial link between archaeal community structure and soil resources found in this study has implications for predictive understanding of archaea-driven processes in polar oases.
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Haughian, Sean R., and Philip J. Burton. "Microhabitat associations of lichens, feathermosses, and vascular plants in a caribou winter range, and their implications for understory development." Botany 93, no. 4 (April 2015): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2014-0238.
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Vegetation–environment relationships are well understood for boreal lichen woodlands, but the mechanistic basis for small-scale understory patchiness (patches dominated by lichen, mosses, and vascular plants), and its implications for the prevalence of niche vs. neutral processes driving understory development, have not been explored. We asked whether predictable vegetation–environment associations exist at the microsite scale, with the goal of informing caribou range management. We sampled canopy and edaphic variables in patches of lichen, feathermoss, and vascular plants in subalpine lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S.Wats.) forests, in north-central British Columbia, Canada. Lichens positively associate with microsites that have high light and heat, and low moisture and nutrient availability; vascular plants positively associate with base-cation availability, sulphur and phosphorus availability, fine-textured soils, thick organic layers, and high light; feathermosses positively associate with low light and heat, and nitrogen availability. Understory composition is most strongly associated with canopy characteristics, but is also related to edaphic properties in predictable ways; soil and canopy attributes may further interact to define distinct intra-stand niches. The viability of caribou winter ranges can likely be extended by partially thinning or burning the canopy and organic layers, but the longevity of a lichen-dominant stage may ultimately depend on the soil texture, due to its influence on vascular plant growth.
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Mujic, Alija B., Daniel M. Durall, Joseph W. Spatafora, and Peter G. Kennedy. "Competitive avoidance not edaphic specialization drives vertical niche partitioning among sister species of ectomycorrhizal fungi." New Phytologist 209, no. 3 (September 22, 2015): 1174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.13677.
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Roncal, Julissa. "Habitat differentiation of sympatric Geonoma macrostachys (Arecaceae) varieties in Peruvian lowland forests." Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, no. 4 (July 2006): 483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003270.
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Among the hypotheses invoked to explain high species richness in tropical forests, the niche differentiation hypothesis has received observational and experimental support (Ashton 1969, Chesson 2000, Clark et al. 1999, Souza & Martins 2004, Svenning 2001, Terborgh & Mathews 1999). Habitat specialization with regard to edaphic factors and topography has been observed in several plant groups including trees, lianas, shrubs, ferns and palms (Clark et al. 1999, Ibarra-Manriquez & Martinez-Ramos 2002, Svenning 1999, Tuomisto & Ruokolainen 1993). Treefall gaps and light gradients have also been found to be important ecological factors affecting plant distribution and niche differentiation in the understory (Chazdon 1986, Poorter & Arets 2003, Terborgh & Mathews 1999). It is suggested that such habitat heterogeneity may not only maintain biodiversity but also may lead to the origin of new species through the process of parapatric speciation (Gentry 1989, Haffer 1997, Patton & Smith 1992).
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R. E., Ita,. "SPECIES CHARACTERIZATION IN RELATION TO EDAPHIC FACTORS IN A MANGROVE SWAMP FOREST: AN ORDINATION APPROACH." Tropical Agrobiodiversity 1, no. 1 (June 17, 2020): 07–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/trab.01.2020.07.12.
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Species characterization in relation to edaphic factors was carried out in a mangrove swamp forest using ordination approach (PCA). Vegetation and soil were sampled systematically with a ten 50 x 10 m quadrat. In each quadrat, soil samples were obtained at the depths of 0 – 30 m while plants were identified to species level and their frequency, density, height, basal area and crown cover were determined. The floristic catalogue revealed a total of 10 species belonging to 8 families. Rhizophora mangle had the highest density value (120.41±16.04 st/ha) while Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora mangle and Paspalum vaginatum respectively had the highest frequency value (100%) Rhizophora mangle was the tallest species (11.50±1.37 m) as well as the species with the widest coverage (10.68±1.08 m2/ha). Elaeis guineensis had the largest (1.79±0.05 m2/ha) basal area (0.13±0.04 m2/ha). The use of PCA delineated three principal component axes (VS1, VS2 and VS3). The first, second and third axes were grouped as vegetation adaptation to salinity gradient, niche preference gradient and residual niche preference gradient, respectively. Positive associations showed nutrient levels that enhanced growth while negative relationships showed levels of nutrients that were limiting to plant performance. Conclusively, this study showed that the vegetation and soil factors in this mangrove swamp are highly interrelated, as shown by the magnitudes of correlations between them, hence, highlights that the interactions that govern mangrove abundance may produce different zonation patterns depending on the underlying environmental conditions.
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Gao, Jingwen, Feng Wang, Kosala Ranathunge, André J. Arruda, Gregory R. Cawthray, Peta L. Clode, Xinhua He, et al. "Edaphic niche characterization of four Proteaceae reveals unique calcicole physiology linked to hyper‐endemism of Grevillea thelemanniana." New Phytologist 228, no. 3 (August 25, 2020): 869–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.16833.
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Wood, David, and Jillian M. Lenné. "A natural adaptive syndrome as a model for the origins of cereal agriculture." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1875 (March 21, 2018): 20180277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0277.
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A novel explanation of the origin of cereal agriculture is proposed, based on the ecology and adaptive morphology of wild cereals ancestral to our founder cereals (einkorn, emmer and barley). Wild cereals are unusually large-seeded. A natural evolutionary-ecological syndrome relates l arge seed, a wns and m onodominance (LAM). Awns bury attached seeds in the soil, protecting seed from fire; buried seed needs to be large to emerge on germination; large seeds, growing without competition from small-seeded plants, will produce monodominant vegetation. Climatic and edaphic instability at the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary would have provided an impetus for the spread of annual ruderal grasses. LAM grassland provided an obvious natural model for the origins of cereal agriculture. Subsequent field management would mimic the natural niche (MNN). The fact that monodominance is a long-standing character of the natural LAM syndrome validates cereal monocultures (now producing most of our food). An alternative explanation of crop domestication, by auditioning a great range of species for a human-constructed niche (NCT), is rejected.
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Concilio, Amy L., Timothy R. Seastedt, and Jesse B. Nippert. "Changing edaphic conditions and exploitation of an expanded phenological niche allows for increased exotic (introduced) plant species dominance." Plant and Soil 415, no. 1-2 (December 30, 2016): 299–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-3167-8.
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Jia, Jianbo, Yu Chen, Jia Lu, and Wende Yan. "Water Uptake Pattern by Coniferous Forests in Two Habitats Linked to Precipitation Changes in Subtropical Monsoon Climate Region, China." Forests 13, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13050708.
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Variations in precipitation patterns under climate changes influence water availability, which has important implications for plants’ water use and the sustainability of vegetation. However, the water uptake patterns of the main forest species under different temporal spatial conditions of water availability remain poorly understood, especially in areas of high temporal spatial heterogeneity, such as the subtropical monsoon climate region of China. We investigated the water uptake patterns and physiological factors of the most widespread and coniferous forest species, Cunninghamia lanceolata L. and Pinus massoniana L., in the early wet season with short drought (NP), high antecedent precipitation (HP), and low antecedent precipitation (LP), as well as in the early dry season (DP), in edaphic and rocky habitats. The results showed that the two species mainly absorbed soil water from shallow layers, even in the short drought period in the wet season and switched to deeper layers in the early dry season in both habitats. It was noted that the trees utilized deep layers water in edaphic habitats when the antecedent rainfall was high. The two species showed no significant differences in water uptake depth, but exhibited notably distinct leaf water potential behavior. C. lanceolata maintained less negative predawn and midday water potential, whereas P. massoniana showed higher diurnal water potential ranges. Moreover, the water potential of P. massoniana was negatively associated with the antecedent precipitation amount. These results indicate that for co-existing species in these communities, there is significant eco-physiological niche segregation but no eco-hydrological segregation. For tree species in two habitats, the water uptake depth was influenced by the avaliable soil water but the physiological factors were unchanged, and were determined by the species’ genes. Furthermore, during the long drought in the growing season, we observed probable divergent responses of C. lanceolata and P. massoniana, such as growth restriction for the former and hydraulic failure for the latter. However, when the precipitation was heavy and long, these natural species were able to increase the ecohydrological linkages between the ecosystem and the deep-layer system in this edaphic habitat.
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López‐Jurado, Javier, Enrique Mateos‐Naranjo, and Francisco Balao. "Polyploidy promotes divergent evolution across the leaf economics spectrum and plant edaphic niche in the Dianthus broteri complex." Journal of Ecology 110, no. 3 (December 27, 2021): 605–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13823.
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SVENNING, J. C. "Environmental heterogeneity, recruitment limitation and the mesoscale distribution of palms in a tropical montane rain forest (Maquipucuna, Ecuador)." Journal of Tropical Ecology 17, no. 1 (January 2001): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467401001067.
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The study presented here investigated the importance of environmental heterogeneity and clumping for the mesoscale distribution patterns of five palm species in old-growth Andean forest (Maquipucuna, Ecuador). Seedlings, juveniles and adults were recorded in 167 plots located throughout the 3-km × 3-km study area. Mountain (Cerro Sosa or Cerro Sta. Lucia), altitude, aspect, topographic-edaphic conditions and forest structure were also recorded. The following questions were investigated: (1) Are the distributions related to environmental heterogeneity? (2) Are the distribution patterns consistent with severe recruitment limitation? The distribution patterns of four species were related to environmental heterogeneity, especially to that created by the mountainous landscape itself, and at least four of the five species also exhibited strong clumping that was clearly linked to spatially restricted recruitment and could not be explained by the environmental parameters. Thus, both niche specialization and recruitment limitation probably play important roles in Andean palm community ecology. Consistent differences among the two mountains in forest structure and the frequency of certain palm stages most likely reflected extractivism.
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BLASY, Vérèna, and Christopher J. ELLIS. "Life on deadwood: cut stumps as a model system for the succession and management of lichen diversity." Lichenologist 46, no. 3 (May 2014): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282913000777.
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AbstractCoarse deadwood provides an important habitat for a suite of niche-specialist lichens in old-growth forests, for example, snags (standing dead trees) and fallen logs. Conversely, the scarcity of deadwood in managed forests is a limiting factor to lichen diversity, though cut stumps may provide an alternative habitat for deadwood species. The surface of cut stumps is an ecologically useful study system, facilitating standardized sampling with which to determine the pattern and process of deadwood succession. This study examined vegetation patterns for the surface of cut stumps at Abernethy RSPB Reserve in northern Scotland. We demonstrate the interrelationship between key topographic, management and edaphic factors during a successional process of terrestrialization. Consequently, we recommend that deadwood diversity might be maximized by 1) creating managed plots with varying degrees of canopy openness for sites with different levels of topographic exposure, and 2) providing cut stumps at different heights within plots, to ensure that during a rotational period the process of terrestrialization operates at different speeds among individual microhabitats. The study examined successional processes on cut stumps using two recently accessible and powerful statistical methods: 1) nonparametric multiplicative regression (NPMR), and 2) multivariate regression trees (MRT). The principles on which these techniques are based are becoming the preferred statistical framework with which to provide robust interpretation of field-sampled data; they are unconstrained by prior assumptions as to the form of a species' niche response, and are data-led models evaluated based on cross-validated performance, thereby avoiding the complication of multiple hypothesis tests.
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Acharya, Biradar, Louhaichi, Ghosh, Hassan, Moyo, and Sarker. "Finding a Suitable Niche for Cultivating Cactus Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) as an Integrated Crop in Resilient Dryland Agroecosystems of India." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 23, 2019): 5897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215897.
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Climate change poses a significant threat to agroecosystems, especially in the dry areas, characterized by abrupt precipitation pattern and frequent drought events. Ideal crops, tolerant to these events, such as cactus, can perform well under such changing climatic conditions. This study spatially maps land suitability for cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) cultivation in India using the analytical hierarchical process (AHP). Nine essential growth factors that include the climate and edaphic components were considered for the period 2000 to 2007. About 32% of the total geographic area of the country is in the high to moderate suitable category. Remaining 46% falls under the marginally suitable and 22% under the low to very low suitable category. The suitability analysis, based on the precipitation anomaly (2008–2017), suggests a high probability of cactus growth in the western and east-central part of India. The relationship with aridity index shows a decreasing rate of suitability with the increase of aridity in the western and east-central provinces (β~−1 to −2). We conclude that integrating cactus into dryland farming systems and rangelands under changing climate can be one plausible solution to build resilient agro-ecosystems that provide food and fodder while enhancing the availability of ecosystem services.
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Tamjidi, Jelveh, and James A. Lutz. "Soil Enzyme Activity and Soil Nutrients Jointly Influence Post-Fire Habitat Models in Mixed-Conifer Forests of Yosemite National Park, USA." Fire 3, no. 4 (September 23, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire3040054.
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Disentangling the relative importance of habitat filtering and dispersal limitations at local scales (<1 km2) in shaping species composition remains an important question in community ecology. Previous studies have examined the relative importance of these mechanisms using topography and selected soil properties. We examined both topography and edaphic properties from 160 locations in the recently burned 25.6 ha Yosemite Forest Dynamics Plot (YFDP) in Yosemite National Park, California, USA. In addition to eight soil chemical properties, we included phosphatases and urease enzymes in a definition of habitat niches, primarily because of their rapid changes with fire (compared to soil nutrients) and also their role in ecosystem function. We applied environmental variables to the distributions of 11 species. More species–habitat associations were defined by soil properties (54.5%) than topographically-defined habitat (45.4%). We also examined the relative importance of spatial and environmental factors in species assemblage. Proportions explained by spatial and environmental factors differed among species and demographic metrics (stem abundance, basal area increment, mortality, and recruitment). Spatial factors explained more variation than environmental factors in stem abundance, mortality, and recruitment. The contributions of urease and acid phosphatase to habitat definition were significant for species abundance and basal area increment. These results emphasize that a more complete understanding of niche parameters is needed beyond simple topographic factors to explain species habitat preference. The stronger contribution of spatial factors suggests that dispersal limitation and unmeasured environmental variables have high explanatory power for species assemblage in this coniferous forest.
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Paoli, Gary David. "Divergent leaf traits among congeneric tropical trees with contrasting habitat associations on Borneo." Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, no. 4 (July 2006): 397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003208.
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A prediction of the hypothesis that niche processes control plant species distributions across edaphic gradients is that pairwise comparisons of related species on contrasting soils should show consistent patterns of trait divergence. This hypothesis was tested in lowland Bornean rain forest by combining measurements of leaf traits, soil nutrients and the distribution of tree species in the Dipterocarpaceae across a nutrient gradient. Nine species were studied, comprising four related pairs in Shorea (phylogenetic independent contrasts; PICs) and one habitat generalist (Dipterocarpus sublamellatus). Lamina area, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were measured for ∼10 saplings of each species; habitat associations were defined as a continuous function of soil nutrients and categorically in relation to substrate. Species distributions and traits varied significantly with soil nutrients. When all species were pooled, SLA and leaf P increased significantly with species' distribution across the nutrient gradient; leaf N showed the same trend. Trait shifts with habitat were stronger and more pervasive when habitat was defined categorically – in all four PICs, rich-soil specialists had larger leaves, higher SLA, leaf N and P, and lower N:P ratios. Trait shifts with habitat at least partly reflect intrinsic differences between species. Within Shorea, variation in lamina area and N:P ratio were more strongly related to phylogeny than habitat, whereas the reverse held for SLA and leaf P. Phylogeny also influenced the extent of trait divergence between related species on different soils, and patterns of trait correlation within lineages. Results support the hypothesis that niche processes influence the distribution of species and traits in lowland tropical tree communities, and highlight the value of phylogenetic information for increasing the power of comparative studies.
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Michael, Pippa J., Paul B. Yeoh, and John K. Scott. "The current and future projected distribution of Solanum hoplopetalum (Solanaceae): an indigenous weed of the south-western Australian grain belt." Australian Journal of Botany 60, no. 2 (2012): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt11242.
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The factors determining the distribution of the Western Australian endemic Solanum hoplopetalum Bitter & Summerh. (Solanaceae) were assessed because it was identified as a potential weed risk to Australian cropping regions, including under climate change scenarios. Incubation at constant temperatures determined daily plant growth rates and plants required 1380 degree-days above a threshold of 12.4°C to complete growth to flowering. From this and published information on the plant’s biology, we developed a mechanistic niche model using CLIMEX. The model projection for current climates produced a highly significant match to known distribution records. Spatially, the lower south-west and areas eastwards to South Australia, western New South Wales and southern parts of the Northern Territory were climatically suitable for growth of S. hoplopetalum. However, by 2070 the area under risk decreases, with the projected distribution under climate change contracting southwards. We hypothesise that climatic extremes and edaphic factors, possibly high soil pH, may be major factors determining the current distribution of S. hoplopetalum. Containment on the southern edge of the current distribution, interstate quarantine and local eradication in new areas of invasion are recommended as management options to combat the potential for this native weed to spread.
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Prebble, Jessica M., V. Vaughan Symonds, Jennifer A. Tate, and Heidi M. Meudt. "Taxonomic revision of the southern hemisphere pygmy forget-me-not group (Myosotis; Boraginaceae) based on morphological, population genetic and climate-edaphic niche modelling data." Australian Systematic Botany 35, no. 1 (2022): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb21031.
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LYKOVA, NATALIA A., ALEXANDER I. POPOV, and DINA I. ALEXEEVA. "The influence of edaphic and hydrothermal factors on the properties of maternal plants, seeds and seedlings properties of spring wheat and barley cultivars." Agronomy Science 62, no. 2 (December 28, 2007): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/as.2007.2.22.
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We studied the possibility of seed improvement by means of the influence of different ecological factors on parent plants of Triticum aestivum L. and Hordeum vulgare L. It was established, that the dynamics of development of plants from seed obtained in different ecological conditions was influenced by hydrothermal, soil and light factors, mineral root and spray feeds of maternal plants. Differences in seed chemical structure were not marked, but different dynamics of the offspring plant development was demonstrated. An attempt was made to understand the mechanism of parent phenotype influence on posterity phenotype. It was established that organic compounds, which could facilitate transporting mineral nutrition elements into parent plants, could increase the seeds quality. Having carried out the research, we came to the conclusion that the seed quality could be improved not only by cereal breeding, but also by a special choice of cultivar specific ecological niche in which qualitative seeds could be received. In this connection, the study of "plant-soil" system functioning and the development of methods of biological correction of this system functioning and its environment factors stability increase is an important direction of recultivation of human changed territories. Certainly, such a technology of cereal seed growing is highly adaptive.
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SETYAWAN, AHMAD DWI, JATNA SUPRIATNA, NISYAWATI NISYAWATI, SUTARNO SUTARNO, and ILYAS NURSAMSI. "Predicting impacts of future climate change on the distribution of the widespread selaginellas (Selaginella ciliaris and S. plana) in Southeast Asia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 5 (September 21, 2018): 1960–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190549.
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Abstract. Setyawan AD, Supriatna J, Nisyawati, Sutarno, Sugiyarto, Nursamsi I. 2018. Predicting impacts of future climate change on the distribution of the widespread selaginellas (Selaginella ciliaris and S. plana) in Southeast Asia. Biodiversitas 19: 1960-1977. The current global climate is moving towards dangerous and unprecedented conditions that have been seen as a potentially devastating threat to the environment and all living things. Selaginella is a fern-allies that needs water as a medium for fertilization, hence its distribution is presumed to be affected by climate change. In Southeast Asia (SEA), there are two widely distributed selaginellas, namely Selaginella ciliaris and S. plana. S. ciliaris is a small herb (up to 4 cm), annual, abundant during the rainy season, and found in the middle-high plains, whereas S. plana is a stout large herb (up to 80 cm), perennial, and mainly found in the lowlands. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential niche distribution of S. ciliaris and S. plana under current climatic conditions, and to predict its future distribution under the impacts of climate change. We used Maxent software along with bioclimatic, edaphic, and UV radiation variables to model the potential niche distribution of those two selaginellas under current and future predictions climate conditions. We generated future predictions under four detailed bioclimatic scenarios (i.e., RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, and RCP 8.5) over three times intervals (2030, 2050, 2080). The results showed that future climatic conditions in the SEA had been predicted to significantly disrupt the distribution of suitable habitat of S. ciliaris and S. plana, and alter their geographic distribution patterns. Although some areas were predicted to become suitable habitat in the early period of future climate change, the overall projections show adverse effects of future climate conditions on the suitable habitat distribution of S. ciliaris and S. plana, as estimated losses of suitable habitat will be higher than the gains.
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Bhagawati, S., B. Bhattacharyya, B. K. Medhi, S. Bhattacharjee, and H. Mishra. "Diversity and density of Collembola as influenced by soil physico-chemical properties in fallow land ecosystem of Assam, India." Journal of Environmental Biology 41, no. 6 (November 15, 2020): 1626–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/41/6/si-229.
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Aim: To investigate the influence of soil physico-chemical properties on diversity and density of Collembola in an undisturbed fallow land ecosystem. Methodology: Soil sampling was done at monthly intervals to explore the diversity, density and seasonal variation patterns of collembolan population in a fallow land ecosystem during March, 2015 to February, 2016. Collembolans were sampled using Tullgren funnel and identified by standard taxonomic keys. Finally, correlation studies were conducted to assess the influence of different soil physico-chemical properties on diversity and density of collembolans. Results: Five species of Collembola (Cyphoderus sp., Entomobrya sp., Isotoma sp., Folsomia sp. and Hypogastrura sp.) belonging to 4 families (Cyphoderidae, Entomobryidae, Isotomidae and Hypogastruridae) were identified. Cyphoderus sp. was recorded to be the most abundant species contributing 44.29 percent of population. Analysis of different diversity indices revealed higher diversity of collembolans during summer, indicating the presence of relatively stable habitats as compared to other seasons. Summer season also recorded highest density of Collembola. During all the seasons studied, a strong significant positive correlation (P<0.05 and P<0.01) of collembolan population was registered with soil moisture and organic carbon, respectively, however, remaining edaphic factors registered non-significant relationship with the collembolan density and diversity Interpretation: The study clearly indicated that the soil moisture and organic carbon content had a positive relationship with collembolan population and provides a relatively favourable ecological niche for their assemblages.
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Rweyongeza, Deogratias M., Narinder K. Dhir, Leonard K. Barnhardt, Christine Hansen, and Rong-Cai Yang. "Population differentiation of the lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) complex in Alberta: growth, survival, and responses to climate." Canadian Journal of Botany 85, no. 6 (June 2007): 545–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b07-053.
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Growth and survival of 33 populations from a species complex involving interior lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) and jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and their natural hybrids in Alberta were evaluated at ages 5, 10, and 15 years in eight test sites across Alberta. We determined population differentiations by estimating Mahalanobis distances between populations from the canonical discriminant analysis of the total variability and by calculating dissimilarity indexes between populations from the quadratic regression of overall growth and survival on the overall climate. The grouping of the populations based on the Mahalanobis distances showed that most jack pine populations could be separated from lodgepole and hybrid populations, but no further subdivision was possible to distinguish lodgepole from hybrid populations. This clustering pattern was remarkably similar to the grouping based on molecular markers as shown in our earlier study. This pattern of grouping is best explained by a clear elevational demarcation between jack pine at low elevations and lodgepole pine and hybrids at midrange and high elevations. The grouping of the populations based on the dissimilarity indexes revealed a somewhat contrasting pattern; most lodgepole pine populations were in one group, whereas jack pine and hybrid populations were mixed up in the other group. The two contrasting patterns of grouping suggest that nonclimatic factors such as edaphic preference and habitat disturbances are also important in determining population distributions and niche spaces in the lodgepole – jack pine complex.
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Ayres, J. F., M. J. Blumenthal, L. A. Lane, and J. W. O'Connor. "Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and greater lotus (Lotus uliginosus) in perennial pastures in eastern Australia. 2. Adaptation and applications of lotus-based pasture." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 4 (2006): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04242.
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This co-learning study with greater lotus (Lotus uliginosus Schukr.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) was undertaken in the Perennial Pasture Zone of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, in conjunction with 14 community groups. The overall study combined a field experiment investigating grazing management practices with a co-learning study assessing the adaptation and potential applications of these 2 Lotus species. The present paper reports on the co-learning study. Seventeen sites were established on farms situated in the North Coast, Northern Tablelands, North West Slopes, South Coast and Southern Tablelands regions of NSW. Of the 17 co-learning sites, greater lotus or birdsfoot trefoil was established successfully and yielded useful findings at 9 of 10 sites in northern NSW and 3 of 7 sites in southern NSW. Establishment failure of greater lotus or birdsfoot trefoil at the 5 remaining sites was associated with severe drought conditions at, or shortly following, sowing. Results from across the 4 regions are collated to report on the adaptation of the 2 Lotus species to a diversity of climatic, edaphic and management applications. The study has confirmed that greater lotus is a valuable perennial legume for high rainfall coastal plains, coastal low-lands, coastal hill-country and niche tablelands environments where the average annual rainfall (AAR) exceeds 1000 mm. Significantly, the study shows that birdsfoot trefoil has important potential for low fertility acidic soils on tablelands and slopes where the AAR is 650–1000 mm, especially in northern NSW.
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Xu, Yuanjie, Yu Zhang, Wei Li, Weiyi Liu, Xu Gu, Zhenhua Guan, Jie Yang, and Zhiyun Lu. "Effects of tree functional diversity and environmental gradients on belowground biomass in a natural old-growth forest ecosystem." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49, no. 12 (December 2019): 1623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0254.
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The positive effects of biodiversity on aboveground biomass in natural terrestrial ecosystems have been well documented, whereas the relationships between tree biodiversity and belowground biomass remain largely unexplored. Traditionally, two sets of hypotheses based on the functional trait approach, niche complementarity (NC) and mass ratio (MR), have been proposed to explain the positive effects of biodiversity. Whereas NC emphasizes that functional discrepancy enhances the collective functioning of a given ecosystem, MR states that ecosystem functioning is mainly regulated by the functional traits of dominant species. This study explored the relative importance of these two hypotheses and the effects of forest stand and environmental characteristics on belowground biomass in an old-growth broad-leaved evergreen forest. The mean coarse-root biomass, fine-root biomass, and fine-root necromass were 117.78 ± 54.000, 4.09 ± 0.85, and 0.60 ± 0.31 Mg·ha−1, respectively. We found positive effects of functional diversity on belowground biomass; however, the community-weighted mean trait values were more relevant, indicating that MR exhibited more explanatory power than NC. The combination of informative environmental factors explained 62.0%, 53.2%, and 37.8% of the variation of coarse-root biomass, fine-root biomass, and fine-root necromass, respectively. Our results suggest that the functional identity of dominant tree species exerts more influence than functional diversity on the belowground biomass in old-growth forest ecosystems and that forest stand characteristics and topographic and edaphic factors also play important roles in shaping belowground biomass patterns in old-growth forest ecosystems.
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Nielsen, Scott E., Jacqueline M. Dennett, and Christopher W. Bater. "Predicting Occurrence, Abundance, and Fruiting of a Cultural Keystone Species to Inform Landscape Values and Priority Sites for Habitat Enhancements." Forests 11, no. 7 (July 21, 2020): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11070783.
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Environmental niche modeling is an increasingly common tool in conservation and management of non-timber species. In particular, models of species’ habitats have been aided by new advances in remote sensing and it is now possible to relate forest structure variables to understory species at a relatively high resolution over large spatial scales. Here, we model landscape responses for a culturally-valued keystone shrub, velvet-leaf blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilloides Michaux), in northeast Alberta, Canada, to better understand the environmental factors promoting or limiting its occurrence, abundance, and fruit production, and to guide regional planning. Occurrence and abundance were measured at 845 and 335 sites, respectively, with both strongly related to land cover type and topo-edaphic factors. However, their influence varied widely, reflecting differences in the processes affecting occurrence and abundance. We then used airborne laser scanning (ALS) to characterize horizontal forest canopy cover for the study area, and related this and other geospatial variables to patterns in fruit production where we demonstrated a five-fold increase in fruit production from closed to open forest stands. We then simulated forest canopy thinning across the study area to identify places where gains in fruit production would be greatest following natural disturbance or directed management (e.g., thinning, prescribed burning). Finally, we suggest this approach could be used to identify sites for habitat enhancements to offset direct (land use change) or indirect (access) losses of resources in areas impacted with resource extraction activities, or simply to increase a culturally-valued resource through management.
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LÓPEZ-SENESPLEDA, Eduardo, Rafael ALONSO-PONCE, Ricardo RUIZ-PEINADO, Valentín GÓMEZ, Rafael SERRADA, and Gregorio MONTERO. "ModERFoRest: A new software for assessing the environmental performance of forest species." Forest Systems 32, no. 1 (February 9, 2023): eRC01. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2023321-19406.
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Aim of study: We introduce the software ModERFoRest (Modelling Environmental Requirements for Forest Restoration), which is a tool to estimate the environmental requirements and environmental performance of the main forest tree species growing in Spain.
Area of study: Two of their modules have been developed to be applied mainly in Spain, but the main section can be used elsewhere as long as the user provides with presence data and environmental information.
Material and methods: ModERFoRest has been programmed in C++, also using the Armadillo library for algebraic computation. The application can be downloaded from the INIA website (https://www.inia.es/serviciosyrecursos/recursosinformaticos/modernforest/Paginas/ModERFoRest.aspx) where there are also more accessible resources (currently only in Spanish language).
Main results: ModERFoRest provides three basic utilities, firstly, to select the optimal species to be used for forest restoration, at local or regional scale, among the 22 most important taxa or formations in Spain, based on ecological criteria and physiographic, climatic and edaphic information. Secondly, to explore the potential distribution areas of the species using the ecological niche models and algorithms developed throughout different projects on the autecology of the species over the last 55 years. Finally, the application provides the option of comparing different areas of the species ecologically, in order to obtain the most suitable reproductive material for the forest site under study.
Research highlights: Users can also run not only recent but also future climate scenarios in order to simulate the distribution of ecological species and use the results in reforestation programmes and planning.
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Dumroese, R. Kasten, Martin F. Jurgensen, and Deborah S. Page-Dumroese. "Vegetative and Edaphic Responses in a Northern Mixed Conifer Forest Three Decades after Harvest and Fire: Implications for Managing Regeneration and Carbon and Nitrogen Pools." Forests 11, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11101040.
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Research Highlights: This experiment compares a range of combinations of harvest, prescribed fire, and wildfire. Leveraging a 30-year-old forest management-driven experiment, we explored the recovery of woody species composition, regeneration of the charismatic forest tree species Larix occidentalis Nutt., and vegetation and soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools. Background and Objectives: Initiated in 1967, this experiment intended to explore combinations of habitat type phases and prescribed fire severity toward supporting regeneration of L. occidentalis. At onset of the experiment, a wildfire affected a portion of the 60 research plots, allowing for additional study. Our objective was to better understand silvicultural practices to support L. occidentalis regeneration and to better understand the subsequent impacts of silvicultural practices on C and N pools within the vegetation and soil. Materials and Methods: We categorized disturbance severity based on loss of forest floor depth; 11 categories were defined, including controls for the two habitat type phases involved. We collected abundance, biomass, and C and N concentrations for the herbaceous layer, shrubs, and trees using nested quadrats and 6 to 10 experimental units per disturbance category plot. Moreover, we systematically sampled woody residue from transects, and forest floor, soil wood, and mineral soil with a systematic grid of 16 soil cores per disturbance category plot. Results: We found that (1) disturbance severity affected shrub species richness, diversity, and evenness within habitat type phases; (2) L. occidentalis regenerates when fire is part of the disturbance; (3) N-fixing shrub species were more diverse in the hotter, drier plots; (4) recovery levels of C and N pools within the soil had surpassed or were closer to pre-disturbance levels than pools within the vegetation. Conclusions: We confirm that L. occidentalis regeneration and a diverse suite of understory shrub species can be supported by harvest and prescribed fire, particularly in southern and western aspects. We also conclude that these methods can regenerate L. occidentalis in cooler, moister sites, which may be important as this species’ climate niche shifts with climate change.
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Baraloto, Christopher, Damien Bonal, and Deborah E. Goldberg. "Differential seedling growth response to soil resource availability among nine neotropical tree species." Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, no. 5 (July 27, 2006): 487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003439.
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Although the potential contribution to tropical tree species coexistence of niche differentiation along light gradients has received much attention, the degree to which species perform differentially along soil resource gradients remains unclear. To examine differential growth response to soil resources, we grew seedlings of nine tropical tree species at 6.0% of full sun for 12 mo in a factorial design of two soil types (clay and white sand), two phosphate fertilization treatments (control and addition of 100 mg P kg−1) and two watering treatments (field capacity and water limitation to one-third field capacity). Species differed markedly in biomass growth rate, but this hierarchy was almost completely conserved across all eight treatments. All species grew more slowly in sand than clay soils, and no species grew faster with phosphate additions. Only Eperua grandiflora and E. falcata showed significant growth increases in the absence of water limitation. Faster-growing species were characterized by high specific leaf area, high leaf allocation and high net assimilation rate but not lower root allocation. Slower-growing species exhibited greater plasticity in net assimilation rate, suggesting that tolerance of edaphic stress in these species is related more to stomatal control than to whole-plant carbon allocation. Although relative growth rate for biomass was correlated with both its physiological and morphological components, interspecific differences were best explained by differences in net assimilation rate across six of the eight treatments. A suite of traits including high assimilation and high specific leaf area maintains rapid growth rate of faster-growing species across a wide gradient of soil resources, but the lack of plasticity they exhibit may compromise their survival in the poorest soil environments.
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Evans, D. O., B. A. Henderson, N. J. Bax, T. R. Marshall, R. T. Oglesby, and W. J. Christie. "Concepts and Methods of Community Ecology Applied to Freshwater Fisheries Management." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, S2 (December 19, 1987): s448—s470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-347.
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In this paper we review selected theory, hypotheses, and methods of community ecology with reference to fisheries management. Community ecology is concerned with theoretical and empirical studies of the behavior of species assemblages over space and time. Ideas that have evolved from these types of studies concerning hierarchical organization, resource partitioning, food webs, structural integration, stability, complexity, and production and their relevance to fisheries management are discussed. One main conclusion confirmed by the ASPY Symposium is that the productivity of fish communities is determined by energy inputs, nutrients, edaphic factors, and habitat variables but that the distribution of the production by species is strongly influenced by interactions between species. A related conclusion is that species interactions are size dependent because of morphological, physiological, and behavioral constraints on predator–prey relationships, resulting in a hierarchical organization. Further, density-dependent interactions (predation, competition) within and between species influence growth rates, size distributions, and age-specific mortality and reproductive rates, and vice versa. Anthropogenic factors such as fishing, nutrient enrichment, introduction of exotic species, and chemical contaminants tend to act differentially at the level of species, but due to interdependencies between species their effects are propagated at the community level by disrupting its size- and niche-structured organization. Fish communities can be managed as relatively discrete functional units, but dependency on whole system dynamics ultimately necessitates an ecosystem perspective. Development of a more quantitative theory of fish community dynamics will require improved descriptions of species interactions (food web structure, ontogenetic histories, resource partitioning, and body size dependency), better characterization of complexity, stability, and successional change in fish communities, additional knowledge of energy transfer through aquatic ecosystems, and improved methods of estimating biomass distributions in fish communities. Comparative studies over space and time and experimental and adaptive management are appropriate ways for fishery scientists and managers to acquire this knowledge.
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Zhukov, O. V., O. N. Kunah, and V. A. Novikova. "The functional organisation of the mesopedobionts community of sod pinewood soils on arena of the river Dnepr." Biosystems Diversity 24, no. 1 (January 17, 2016): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/011604.
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We revealed the functional groups of the animals of sod pinewood soils (arena of the river Dnepr in the "Dneprovsko-Orelsky" Nature Reserve) on the basis of cluster analysis of the RLQ-axes received as result of interaction of matrix of community, matrix of edaphic parameters and matrix of ecomorphs of soil animals. The quantitative account of soil mesofauna has allowed us to establish that the community of animals inhabiting sod pinewood soils is represented by 20 species at a density of 68.9 ± 14.6 ind./m2, 8 forms were identified at the level of genus, family or order. Two species were represented by their larval and imago phases (Anatolica eremita (Steven, 1829) and Calathus ambiguus (Paykull, 1790)). A count of animals conducted in an alternative way has allowed us to expand the list to 38 species or forms at species level. The level of abundance and diversity for sod pinewood soils on the arena is not high compared with other types of soils of the arena of the river Dnepr. This result shows that the community has a simplified ecological structure. The prevailing ecological structure of the community can be characterised as steppe, xerophilous, oligotrophocoenomorphic. Anecic animals are absent from the topomorphic structure and saprophagous animals absent from the trophic structure. Only additional collection by alternative methods has allowed us to establish the presence in the community of saprophagous and anecic animals. The latter ecological group is represented by the extremely mobile vertebrate species Pelobates fuscus. The foromorphic structure of the community differs by its great variety. In this structure various strategies of animals’ movement through the soil are proportionately represented. On the one hand, we see various ways of movement of herpetobiont animals, mainly insect imagoes, which as a whole differ in their considerable migratory potential. This circumstance staticizes the historical reasons for the formation of the studied community. On the other hand, in the community there are various strategies of movement in the soil that allow us to assume or determine the reasons or causes of structurization of an ecological niche. Environmental factors are described by two groups of indicators, edaphic properties and values of phytoindicator scales. The mesopedobionts community structure is presented as a classical matrix of species/sampling points. The ecology of communities is principally focused not on taxonomic features but on biological properties (traits) of species. Such features can act on ecomorphs of soil animals. The direct functional analysis of relationship of biological properties of species with variables of environment by means of data on the abundance of species demands association of three matrixes of data. Such problem can be tackled by means of the RLQ-analysis. A key aspect of structurization of communities of soil mesofauna is differentiation in trophic traits. The organisation of a community of soil animals in an ecological space set by axes RLQ can be displayed in the form of a natural variation of RLQ-axes in geographical space. Everything in the RLQ is represented, as follows from the mathematical nature of this generalisation, an independent aspect of the coordinated variation of structure of a community of soil animals, properties of environment and ecomorphic features of mesopedobionts.
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PRITCHETT, ROSIE, AURORA PHILLIPS, ANI MARDIASTUTI, and ANDREW POWLING. "RATTAN DIVERSITY AND BROAD EDAPHIC NICHES IN A TROPICAL RAINFOREST OF BUTON, SULAWESI, INDONESIA." REINWARDTIA 15, no. 2 (December 22, 2016): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/reinwardtia.v15i2.2943.
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PRITCHETT, R., PHILLIPS, A., MARDIASTUTI, A. & POWLING, A. 2016. Rattan diversity and broad edaphic niches in a tropical rainforest of Buton, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 15(2): 99 – 110. — This paper attempts to answer the question: how can at least 20 species of rattan palms in the genus Calamus (family Palmae (Arecaceae)) co -exist in a rainforest? A survey of rattans was made in Lambusango Forest on Buton, an island close to south east Sulawesi, in Indonesia. Rattan species and numbers were recorded in 87 quadrats of 30 × 10 m, laid out along linear transects in habitats with a variety of soils. Evidence for edaphic (soil) niches was sought. Different rattan species were found to be adapted to soils with different conductivity and pH values. Standardised mean difference (d) scores were calculated for pairs of species based on their response to soil pH. Of the 66 pairs tested, 61 were found to be significantly different statistically. Such differences suggest, but do not prove, that many species occupy different edaphic niches. It was found that species which show a preference for soils with intermediate pH values (5.0 to 6.5) can grow in soils with a wide range of pH values, implying broad edaphic niches and that competition between these species is weak. Correspondence analysis shows that many species do not distinguish greatly between many soils with intermediate pH values. It is concluded that rattan species show evidence for having different edaphic niches, although the niches for many species are broad. It is speculated that many rattan species may be ecologically equivalent and that a weak version of ecological neutrality theory may apply.
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Kunakh, O. N., A. V. Zhukov, and Yu A. Baljuk. "ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ СООБЩЕСТВА ПОЧВЕННЫХ МЕЗОПЕДОБИОНТОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ РЕКРЕАЦИОННОЙ НАГРУЗКИ В ЛЕСОПАРКОВОМ НАСАЖДЕНИИ." Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 3, no. 03 (December 13, 2013): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/20133_59.
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<p>In work the results of studying of the spatial organization of soil mesofauna of the artificial forest planting have been processed by OMI- and RLQ-analysis methods. Our research were conducted in June, 6st, 2011 in Oles Gonchar University botanic garden (earlier – territory of park of J. Gagarin, Dnepropetrovsk). The studied plot is situated at a distance of 220 m from the Building 1 of DNU and at a distance of 95 m from Y. Gagarin Avenue (the Southeast direction) (48°25'53.88"С, 35°2'25.82"В). The plot consists of 15 transects directed in a perpendicular manner in relation to the Avenue. Each transect is made of seven sample points. The distance between points is 2 m. The coordinates of the lower left point have been taken as (0; 0). The plot represents artificial forest-park planting. The vegetation has typically wood, mesotrophic and mesophilic character (93.55% – silvants, 70.97% – mesotrophic, 57.84% – mesophiles). At each point the soil mesofauna was studied; temperature, electrical conductivity and soil penetration resistance, dead leaf layer and herbage height were measured. Soil-zoological test area had a size of 25×25 cm.</p> <p>In ecological structure of the soil animal community have been found such groups dominant as saprophages, pratants and stepants, hygrophilous, mesotrophocoenomorphes, endogeic topomorphes. The measured edaphic characteristics have been shown to play an important role in structure of an ecological niche in mesopedobiont community. The basic trends of structure transformation of the animal community of soil mesofauna have been found as soil humidity gradient and edaphic properties variability caused features of a forest vegetation cover. The usage of morphological or physiological features of animals for an estimation of degree of specific distinctions is applicable for homogeneous taxonomic or ecological groups possessing comparable characteristics which also can be interpreted ecologically. The soil mesofauna is characterized by high taxonomic and ecological diversity of forms and comparing which by morphological or physiological criteria it is rather inconvenient. Ecological sense of characteristics in different groups will not be identical, and the basis for their comparison will be inadequate. Therefore we apply to the description of the ecological features ectomorphic analysis of soil animals. The organization of communities of soil animals may be considered at levels of an investigated point, a biogeocenosis, a landscape and regional level. Actually, on the basis of landscape-ecological distribution of species in ecological space their accessory to ecological groups – an ecomorphes is established. Various directions of allocating an ecomorphes at the landscape level conditionally are considered independent and form an ecological matrix (in multidimensional space – a multidimensional matrix, or tensor). As the level of a biogeocenosis correlation degree with the ecomorphes, possibly, will be rather high, therefore soil animals will form local, but functionally significant, groups. The regular ratio of ecomorphes in these functional groups will be a reflection of their organizational structure and an ecological diversity. The obtained data testifies to the justice of the come out assumption. It is important to notice that fact that the functional groups allocated in ecological space by means of the RLQ-analysis, show regular patterns of spatial variability. Local functional groups are characterized by ecological characteristics which reflect in terms one ecomorphes of property of others, occupying the higher hierarchical position. So, it is established that within the studied range, steppe ecomorphes are presented by megatrophic, xerophilous, megatrophocoenomorphes, and mostly phytophagous or predatory forms. Meadow and paludal forms are mainly epigeic (paludal) or anecic (meadow), hygrophilous or ultragygrophilous, saprophagous. The pioneering complex of destructive loci is presented by functional group which has no accurate coenotic status, but gravitates to steppe type. Such result approaches us to an understanding of mechanisms of transformation of community of soil animals under anthropogenic impact. For this purpose it is necessary to return to understanding coenomorphes as indicators of types of circulation of substances and energy flow on A. L. Belgard (1971). In such treatment we observe destruction coenotic system unities of a complex under anthropogenic impact, and the functional group appears at us as situational set of species. Obviously, such treatment is hypothetical and demands the further check. However the considered algorithm of gathering of materials and their statistical processing gives the practical tool for the decision of the given problem.</p> <p><em>Key words: </em>soil mesofauna, ecological niche, spatial ecology, ecomorphes</p>
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Khomutovska, Nataliia, Asunción de los Ríos, Marcin D. Syczewski, and Iwona Jasser. "Connectivity of Edaphic and Endolithic Microbial Niches in Cold Mountain Desert of Eastern Pamir (Tajikistan)." Biology 10, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10040314.
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Microbial communities found in arid environments are commonly represented by biological soil crusts (BSCs) and endolithic assemblages. There is still limited knowledge concerning endoliths and BSCs occurring in the cold mountain desert of Pamir. The aim of the study was to investigate the composition and structure of endolithic bacterial communities in comparison to surrounding BSCs in three subregions of the Eastern Pamir (Tajikistan). The endolithic and BSC communities were studied using culture-independent and culture-dependent techniques. The structure of the endolithic bacterial communities can be characterized as Actinobacteria–Proteobacteria–Bacteroidetes–Chloroflexi–Cyanobacteria, while the BSCs’ can be described as Proteobacteria–Actinobacteria–Bacteroidetes–Cyanobacteria assemblages with low representation of other bacteria. The endolithic cyanobacterial communities were characterized by the high percentage of Chroococcidiopsaceae, Nodosilineaceae, Nostocaceae and Thermosynechococcaceae, while in the BSCs were dominated by Nodosilineaceae, Phormidiaceae and Nostocaceae. The analysis of 16S rRNA genes of the cyanobacterial cultures revealed the presence of possibly novel species of Chroococcidiopsis, Gloeocapsopsis and Wilmottia. Despite the niches’ specificity, which is related to the influence of microenvironment factors on the composition and structure of endolithic communities, our results illustrate the interrelation between the endoliths and the surrounding BSCs in some regions. The structure of cyanobacterial communities from BSC was the only one to demonstrate some subregional differences.
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Boisson, Sylvain, Arnaud Monty, Julie Lebrun, Maxime Séleck, and Grégory Mahy. "Edaphic niches of metallophytes from southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo: Implications for post-mining restoration." Journal for Nature Conservation 33 (September 2016): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2016.06.002.
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Velazco, Santiago José Elías, Franklin Galvão, Fabricio Villalobos, and Paulo De Marco Júnior. "Using worldwide edaphic data to model plant species niches: An assessment at a continental extent." PLOS ONE 12, no. 10 (October 19, 2017): e0186025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186025.
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Parraga-Aguado, Isabel, Maria Nazaret Gonzalez-Alcaraz, Jose Alvarez-Rogel, Francisco J. Jimenez-Carceles, and Hector M. Conesa. "The importance of edaphic niches and pioneer plant species succession for the phytomanagement of mine tailings." Environmental Pollution 176 (May 2013): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.023.
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Risueño, Yolanda, César Petri, and Héctor M. Conesa. "The importance of edaphic niches functionality for the sustainability of phytomanagement in semiarid mining impacted ecosystems." Journal of Environmental Management 266 (July 2020): 110613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110613.
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Henry, Gerald M., Michael G. Burton, and Fred H. Yelverton. "Heterogeneous Distribution of Weedy Paspalum Species and Edaphic Variables in Turfgrass." HortScience 44, no. 2 (April 2009): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.2.447.
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Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Fluegge) are two of the most troublesome weed species in managed turfgrass. These rhizomatous, perennial grass species affect appearance, texture, and playability of turf in home lawns, golf courses, and athletic fields. The severity and prevalence of these problem species as well as the difficulty of achieving control with herbicide management alone invite the examination of their realized niches for clues to improved management tactics. The distribution of these species was evaluated in both fairways and roughs of three holes on each of two golf courses in North Carolina. Golf courses were selected based on the presence of both weed species. Individual plants were mapped using a high-precision global positioning system unit. This unit was also used to delineate between the rough and fairway height of cut as well as obtain elevation characteristics of each hole. Soil moisture and soil compaction estimates were obtained by sampling on a 9-m grid. Environmental characteristics used for χ2 analysis consisted of mowing height, soil compaction, soil moisture, and elevation. Data were subjected to χ2 analysis to determine if the existing distribution of Paspalum spp. differed from an expected random distribution across all environmental factors. Bahiagrass growth and distribution was more affected by mowing height than dallisgrass. Bahiagrass was predominantly distributed in the rough, whereas dallisgrass occurred at both mowing heights. Similar responses were observed for both species with regard to soil compaction. Higher plant density for both species was observed in moderately compacted soil (40 to 60 N·m−2). Bahiagrass distribution was unaffected by soil moisture. Dallisgrass density was lower in areas with low volumetric soil water content (less than 27%). Although different from an expected uniform distribution on all six holes, the elevation with the highest Paspalum spp. density varied across holes. Results suggest that it may be possible to disadvantage Paspalum spp. in competitive interactions with desirable species through the alteration of landscape attributes. Substrate selection during construction, aeration, and mowing height may help create a landscape that discourages Paspalum spp. infestation.
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Boisson, Sylvain, Michel-Pierre Faucon, Soizig Le Stradic, Bastien Lange, Nathalie Verbruggen, Olivier Garin, Axel Tshomba Wetshy, et al. "Specialized edaphic niches of threatened copper endemic plant species in the D.R. Congo: implications for ex situ conservation." Plant and Soil 413, no. 1-2 (November 4, 2016): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-3095-7.
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Mod, Heidi K., Aline Buri, Erika Yashiro, Nicolas Guex, Lucie Malard, Eric Pinto-Figueroa, Marco Pagni, Hélène Niculita-Hirzel, Jan Roelof van der Meer, and Antoine Guisan. "Predicting spatial patterns of soil bacteria under current and future environmental conditions." ISME Journal 15, no. 9 (March 12, 2021): 2547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-00947-5.
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AbstractSoil bacteria are largely missing from future biodiversity assessments hindering comprehensive forecasts of ecosystem changes. Soil bacterial communities are expected to be more strongly driven by pH and less by other edaphic and climatic factors. Thus, alkalinisation or acidification along with climate change may influence soil bacteria, with subsequent influences for example on nutrient cycling and vegetation. Future forecasts of soil bacteria are therefore needed. We applied species distribution modelling (SDM) to quantify the roles of environmental factors in governing spatial abundance distribution of soil bacterial OTUs and to predict how future changes in these factors may change bacterial communities in a temperate mountain area. Models indicated that factors related to soil (especially pH), climate and/or topography explain and predict part of the abundance distribution of most OTUs. This supports the expectations that microorganisms have specific environmental requirements (i.e., niches/envelopes) and that they should accordingly respond to environmental changes. Our predictions indicate a stronger role of pH over other predictors (e.g. climate) in governing distributions of bacteria, yet the predicted future changes in bacteria communities are smaller than their current variation across space. The extent of bacterial community change predictions varies as a function of elevation, but in general, deviations from neutral soil pH are expected to decrease abundances and diversity of bacteria. Our findings highlight the need to account for edaphic changes, along with climate changes, in future forecasts of soil bacteria.
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Bowman, DMJS. "Monsoon Forests in North-Western Australia. II. Forest-Savanna Transitions." Australian Journal of Botany 40, no. 1 (1992): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9920089.
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Presence-absence data for tree species in over 1000 quadrats, 10 ° 20m, on 144 transects were analysed by the divisive classificatory program TWINSPAN in order to define wet or dry monsoon forest, ecotone and savanna assemblages. A sorted table revealed that there was continuous floristic variation among these six vegetation types, although the abundance of tree species varied highly significantly between assemblages. Both wet and dry monsoon forests have higher stem densities, greater basal area, more tree species, higher litter cover and lower grass cover than surrounding savannas. Wet monsoon forest soils have significantly more moisture than surrounding savanna, but on the dry monsoon forest-savanna boundary there is no significant difference in soil moisture. Both wet and dry monsoon forest soils are more fertile than those in surrounding savannas, although there is considerable variation in the concentration of nutrients within and between the two forest formations. The greater fertility of the forest probably reflects superior nutrient accretion compared with the savanna, rather than indicating that monsoon forests are restricted to inherently fertile sites. Half the wet monsoon forest boundaries sampled had ecotonal quadrats separating forest from savanna, while only 18% of the dry monsoon forest boundaries had such structurally and floristically intermediate quadrats. A limited number of tree species was found to dominate both wet and dry forest ecotones. Wet forest ecotones are overall environmentally more similar to the surrounding savanna than the adjoining forests. Dry forest ecotones are environmentally intermediate between the dry forest and savanna. Both wet and dry forests have less fire damage than surrounding savannas. In contrast to the edaphic control of most wet monsoon forests, dry forests are typically restricted to fire protected niches. The distribution of both wet and dry forest, ecotone and savanna on boundaries with no edaphic or topographic discontinuities is thought to reflect a dynamic relationship between these assemblages.
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Maltseva, I. A., V. V. Shcherbyna, O. V. Yakoviichuk, and O. Y. Pyurko. "Ecological determinants of algal communities of different types of ecosystems." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1049, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1049/1/012072.
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Abstract The results of studies of the environmental regularities of the formation of algal communities in soils of various ecosystems in the south of Ukraine are presented. 26 forest, 11 steppe and 3 saline ecosystems were investigated. The research has established the species richness of algae in each ecosystem and produced a multidimensional ordination of algal communities based on the analysis of the main components to clarify the factors that determine the composition of algal communities. The research has established the species richness of algae in each ecosystem and produced a multidimensional ordination of algal communities based on the analysis of the main components to clarify the factors that determine the composition of algal communities. Predictors determined by edaphic conditions and phytocenotic interactions associated primarily with edificators of ecosystems were used for the analysis. The ecological space of the studied ecosystems was formed by four main factors with eigenvalues greater than one, which explained 81.4% of the total variance. PC1 (34.82% of variance) is associated with the type of ecosystem and such edaphic parameters as pH, the availability of moisture in the habitat, and soil mineralization. PC2 (21.98%) reflects changes in the gradients of trophicity (humus content) and granulometric composition of soils. PC3 and PC4 additionally explain 16.04% and 9.27% of the total data variance, respectively. Their values mainly depend on the mineralization, trophicity, and moisture supply of edaphotopes, which, at the level of the composition of algae, is obviously associated with the heterogeneity of the ecological preferences of the algal species themselves, as well as the variability of ecological niches of ecosystems, due to which there are species more typical for other types of ecosystems in the communities. The use of the factor rotation procedure by the Varimax normalized method made it possible to concretize the taxa most associated with the main components: PC1 indicates the various Cyanobacteria species, PC2 – Chlorophyta, Streptophyta and Eustigmatophyceae, PC3 – Xanthophyceae and Euglenozoa, PC4 – Bacillariophyceae.
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Cruz-Castillo, Juan Guillermo, Juan Ángel Tinoco-Rueda, and Franco Famiani. "Distribution of Persea schiedeana in Mexico and Potential for the Production of Fruits with High-quality Oil." HortScience 52, no. 4 (April 2017): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci11411-16.
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The fruit of Persea schiedeana is consumed in various rural regions of Mexico and Central America and is mainly sold in local markets. Information regarding the ecological conditions where it grows and the potential for its distribution in Mexico has been little studied. The States of Chiapas, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Puebla, Tabasco, and Veracruz in Mexico were explored to locate P. schiedeana trees. The ecological conditions of the places where P. schiedeana was found were characterized using thematic cartography and by evaluating the ecological niches to identify potential areas for its distribution. The trees were found in wide physiographic, geological, and edaphic conditions, but they were primarily located in semiwarm humid and warm humid climates. Persea schiedeana trees grow from almost sea level to 2000 m in altitude. Zones with the best developmental conditions for P. schiedeana were in the region of the high mountains in the center of Veracruz and the highland zone of northern Oaxaca. The oil obtained from the fruit of P. schiedeana trees growing at 1300 m had high oleic acid content. This wild fruit has the potential for obtaining new products for cosmetic and alimentary industries.
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Liu, Sheng, Jian Jiao, and Chang-Fu Tian. "Adaptive Evolution of Rhizobial Symbiosis beyond Horizontal Gene Transfer: From Genome Innovation to Regulation Reconstruction." Genes 14, no. 2 (January 20, 2023): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14020274.
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There are ubiquitous variations in symbiotic performance of different rhizobial strains associated with the same legume host in agricultural practices. This is due to polymorphisms of symbiosis genes and/or largely unexplored variations in integration efficiency of symbiotic function. Here, we reviewed cumulative evidence on integration mechanisms of symbiosis genes. Experimental evolution, in concert with reverse genetic studies based on pangenomics, suggests that gain of the same circuit of key symbiosis genes through horizontal gene transfer is necessary but sometimes insufficient for bacteria to establish an effective symbiosis with legumes. An intact genomic background of the recipient may not support the proper expression or functioning of newly acquired key symbiosis genes. Further adaptive evolution, through genome innovation and reconstruction of regulation networks, may confer the recipient of nascent nodulation and nitrogen fixation ability. Other accessory genes, either co-transferred with key symbiosis genes or stochastically transferred, may provide the recipient with additional adaptability in ever-fluctuating host and soil niches. Successful integrations of these accessory genes with the rewired core network, regarding both symbiotic and edaphic fitness, can optimize symbiotic efficiency in various natural and agricultural ecosystems. This progress also sheds light on the development of elite rhizobial inoculants using synthetic biology procedures.