Relevant bibliographies by topics / EDA solutions

Academic literature on the topic 'EDA solutions'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "EDA solutions"

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Yin, Peng-Yeng, and Hsi-Li Wu. "Cyber-EDA: Estimation of Distribution Algorithms with Adaptive Memory Programming." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/132697.

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The estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA) aims to explicitly model the probability distribution of the quality solutions to the underlying problem. By iterative filtering for quality solution from competing ones, the probability model eventually approximates the distribution of global optimum solutions. In contrast to classic evolutionary algorithms (EAs), EDA framework is flexible and is able to handle inter variable dependence, which usually imposes difficulties on classic EAs. The success of EDA relies on effective and efficient building of the probability model. This paper facilitates EDA from the adaptive memory programming (AMP) domain which has developed several improved forms of EAs using the Cyber-EA framework. The experimental result on benchmark TSP instances supports our anticipation that the AMP strategies can enhance the performance of classic EDA by deriving a better approximation for the true distribution of the target solutions.
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Nijimbere, Dieudonné, Songzheng Zhao, Haichao Liu, Bo Peng, and Aijun Zhang. "A Hybrid Metaheuristic of Integrating Estimation of Distribution Algorithm with Tabu Search for the Max-Mean Dispersion Problem." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (July 1, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7104702.

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This paper presents a hybrid metaheuristic that combines estimation of distribution algorithm with tabu search (EDA-TS) for solving the max-mean dispersion problem. The proposed EDA-TS algorithm essentially alternates between an EDA procedure for search diversification and a tabu search procedure for search intensification. The designed EDA procedure maintains an elite set of high quality solutions, based on which a conditional preference probability model is built for generating new diversified solutions. The tabu search procedure uses a fast 1-flip move operator for solution improvement. Experimental results on benchmark instances with variables ranging from 500 to 5000 disclose that our EDA-TS algorithm competes favorably with state-of-the-art algorithms in the literature. Additional analysis on the parameter sensitivity and the merit of the EDA procedure as well as the search balance between intensification and diversification sheds light on the effectiveness of the algorithm.
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Cáceres, Mercedes, Alvaro Lobato, Nubia J. Mendoza, Laura J. Bonales, and Valentín G. Baonza. "Local, solvation pressures and conformational changes in ethylenediamine aqueous solutions probed using Raman spectroscopy." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 37 (2016): 26192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp03857c.

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Villarroel, Josselyne A., Alex Palma-Cando, Alfredo Viloria, and Marvin Ricaurte. "Kinetic and Thermodynamic Analysis of High-Pressure CO2 Capture Using Ethylenediamine: Experimental Study and Modeling." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 19, 2021): 6822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206822.

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One of the alternatives to reduce CO2 emissions from industrial sources (mainly the oil and gas industry) is CO2 capture. Absorption with chemical solvents (alkanolamines in aqueous solutions) is the most widely used conventional technology for CO2 capture. Despite the competitive advantages of chemical solvents, the technological challenge in improving the absorption process is to apply alternative solvents, reducing energy demand and increasing the CO2 captured per unit of solvent mass. This work presents an experimental study related to the kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of high-pressure CO2 capture using ethylenediamine (EDA) as a chemical solvent. EDA has two amine groups that can increase the CO2 capture capacity per unit of solvent. A non-stirred experimental setup was installed and commissioned for CO2 capture testing. Tests of the solubility of CO2 in water were carried out to validate the experimental setup. CO2 capture testing was accomplished using EDA in aqueous solutions (0, 5, 10, and 20 wt.% in amine). Finally, a kinetic model involving two steps was proposed, including a rapid absorption step and a slow diffusion step. EDA accelerated the CO2 capture performance. Sudden temperature increases were observed during the initial minutes. The CO2 capture was triggered after the absorption of a minimal amount of CO2 (~10 mmol) into the liquid solutions, and could correspond to the “lean amine acid gas loading” in a typical sweetening process using alkanolamines. At equilibrium, there was a linear relationship between the CO2 loading and the EDA concentration. The CO2 capture behavior obtained adapts accurately (AAD < 1%) to the kinetic mechanism.
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Liu, Lei, Yeguo Sun, Yihong Liu, Rachel Edita O. Roxas, and Rodolfo C. Raga. "Research and Implementation of Text Generation Based on Text Augmentation and Knowledge Understanding." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (September 10, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2988639.

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Text generation has always been limited by the lack of corpus data required for language model (LM) training and the low quality of the generated text. Researchers have proposed some solutions, but these solutions are often complex and will greatly increase the consumption of computing resources. Referring to the current main solutions, this paper proposes a lightweight language model (EDA-BoB) based on text augmentation technology and knowledge understanding mechanism. Experiments show that the EDA-BoB model cannot only expand the scale of the training data set but also ensure the data quality at the cost of consuming little computing resources. Moreover, our model is shown to combine the contextual semantics of sentences to generate rich and accurate texts.
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Garashchenko, Anton Vitalievich, Daria Sergeevna Lashina, Svyatoslav Aleksandrovich Nikitin, Artyom Valerievich Nikolaev, Evgeny Andreevich Prokopev, Fedor Mikhailovich Putrya, and Bulat Namsaraevich Tsyrenzhapov. "The practice and prospects of using open and proprietary software solutions in the verification route of SoC." Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 34, no. 5 (2022): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2022-34(5)-2.

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This article discusses the experience and evaluates the capability of using free, open and internal proprietary EDA tools in the billon gates SoC verification flow initially based on the commercial EDA of the “Big 3”. Article suggests an approach to assessing the suitability of a particular EDA tools for a certain stage of the verification flow based on a formal stage description and requirements for the tool. It presents our internal tools implemented in the company, which are used as an alternative to commercial tools or as unique solutions. Based on the proposed approach, the analysis of the existing automation tools from the point of view of the applicability in the SoC verification flow was carried out.
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Firouzi, Farshad, Bahar Farahani, Mohamed Ibrahim, and Krishnendu Chakrabarty. "Keynote Paper: From EDA to IoT eHealth: Promises, Challenges, and Solutions." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 37, no. 12 (December 2018): 2965–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2018.2801227.

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Hamity, M., and R. H. Lema. "The photochemistry of electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complexes in micellar solutions. I. The stilbene–methylviologen system." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 7 (July 1, 1988): 1552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v88-252.

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The association constants for the electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complexes formed between both cis-stilbene (cS) and trans-stilbene (tS) as donors and methylviologen (MV+2) as acceptor were determined in ethanol and micellar sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions in the range of SDS concentration 0.05–0.1 M. The values obtained in micellar solutions were much higher than those in ethanol and were heavily dependent upon SDS concentration. This effect is due to an increase in the local concentration of the reactants in the micellar pseudophase. The tS fluorescence quenching by MV+2 was also studied in the same solvent media. In ethanol, the Stern–Volmer plot was found to be linear, with quenching constant (KSV) similar to the association constant determined by the absorption method. In micellar solutions, although upward curvature of the Stern–Volmer plots was observed, a reaction scheme based on static quenching via ground state EDA complex is proposed, which explains the experimental results. Irradiation in the absorption band of the EDA complexes formed by tS or cS and MV+2 was carried out in ethanol and SDS solutions, in the absence of oxygen. Only cis–trans isomerization of cS in SDS solution was observed, with a quantum yield value of Φcis = 0.012.
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Lenin, K. "MINIMIZATION OF REAL POWER LOSS BY ENHANCED GREAT DELUGE ALGORITHM." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 8 (August 31, 2017): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i8.2017.2215.

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This paper presents Enhanced Great Deluge Algorithm (EDA) for solving reactive power problem. Alike other local exploration methods, this Enhanced Great Deluge Algorithm (EDA) also swap general solution (fresh_Config) with most excellent results (most excellent_Config) that have been found by then. This deed prolong until stop conditions is offered. In this algorithm, new solutions are selected from neighbours. Selection strategy is different from other approaches. In order to evaluate validity of the proposed Enhanced Great Deluge Algorithm (EDA) algorithm, it has been tested on standard IEEE 118 & practical 191 bus test systems and compared to other standard reported algorithms. Results show that Enhanced Great Deluge Algorithm (EDA) reduces the real power loss and voltage profiles are within the limits.
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Spyrou, Tom. "What are the challenges and solutions for parallel processing in EDA applications?" ACM SIGDA Newsletter 39, no. 2 (February 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1862888.1862889.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "EDA solutions"

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SASSONE, ALESSANDRO. "Integration-aware Modeling, Simulation and Design Techniques for Smart Electronic Systems." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2597354.

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Smart electronic systems represent a vast category of energy-autonomous and ubiquitously connected systems that incorporate analog, digital and MEMS components, combined with various kinds of sensors, actuators, energy storage devices and power sources. Smart systems generally find applications in the worldwide market for “Monitoring & Control” products and solutions, hence they are used in a broad range of sectors, including automotive, healthcare, Internet of Things, ICT, safety and security, and aerospace. In order to support such wide variety of application scenarios, smart systems integrate a multitude of functionalities, technologies, and materials. The design of smart systems is therefore a complex and major multidisciplinary challenge, as it goes beyond the design of the individual components and subsystems. New design and simulation methodologies are fundamental for exploring the design space in order to find the most efficient trade-off between performance and involved resources, and for evaluating and validating system behavior taking into account the interactions between closely coupled components of different nature. Current system level design methods must indeed accurately manage increasing system complexity and interaction effects between the environment and the system and among the components. Nevertheless, the involved components are usually described using different languages, relying on different models of computation, and need to be jointly simulated at various abstraction levels. This dissertation aims at bridging this gap focusing on novel integration-aware solutions for different aspects of a smart system: the design of digital subsystems and components, the modeling of batteries, and the power estimation of smart systems at system level of design abstraction. Although the design flow of digital components is well consolidated and highly standardized (e.g., commercial, fully automated synthesis & optimization tools, technology libraries, etc.), additional integration-aware design constraints arise due to the interaction of components of different technological domains and to the harsh environment where smart systems typically operate. This work presents a methodology for addressing these new constraints, thus enhancing the design of digital components. As a partial fulfillment of such constraints results in a global degradation of performance, the proposed methodology focuses on the effects rather than the physical sources of the constraints. This allows to move from the typical RTL to a system level of abstraction, i.e., SystemC TLM, obtaining a faster validation of the performance of digital subsystems. Energy efficiency is becoming increasingly important for self-powered smart electronic systems, as the amount of energy they can gather from the environment or accumulate in storage devices cannot be considered constant over time. Power supplies have therefore a very heterogeneous nature: depending on the application, more than one type of power source (e.g., photovoltaic cells, thermoelectric or piezoelectric energy generators) and storage device (e.g., rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells) could be hosted onto the system. As a matter of fact, no single power source could provide the desired level of energy density, power density, current, and voltage to the system for all possible workloads. Batteries are being significantly used in smart electronic systems due to the their increased energy capacity, improved production process, and lower cost over the last years. However, a battery is an electrochemical device that involves complicated chemical reactions resulting in many non-idealities of its behavior. Therefore, a smart system designer has to characterize these non-idealities in order to accurately model how the battery delivers power to the system. This dissertation introduces a systematic methodology for the automatic construction of battery models from datasheet information, thus avoiding costly and time-consuming measurements of battery characteristics. This methodology allows generating models for several battery charge and discharge characteristics with tunable accuracy according to the amount of the available manufacturers’ data, and without any limitation in battery chemistry, materials, form factor, and size. Finally, this work introduces a modeling and simulation framework for the system level estimation of power end energy flows in smart systems. Current simulationor model-based design approaches do not target a smart system as a whole, but rather single domains (digital, analog, power devices, etc.), and make use of proprietary tools and pre-characterized models having fixed abstraction level and fixed semantics. The proposed methodology uses principles borrowed from the system level functional simulation of digital systems and extends them for simulating the behavior of subsystems whose functionality is to generate, convert, or store energy (e.g., power sources, voltage regulators, energy storage devices, etc.). This has been done at system level using standard open-source tools such as SystemC AMS and IP-XACT, which allow to explicitly represent current and voltage similarly to digital logic signals. The implemented approach facilitates virtual prototyping, architecture exploration, and integration validation, with high flexibility and modularity.
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Fahlaoui, Tarik. "Réduction de modèles et apprentissage de solutions spatio-temporelles paramétrées à partir de données : application à des couplages EDP-EDO." Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2535.

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On s’intéresse dans cette thèse à l’apprentissage d’un modèle réduit précis et stable, à partir de données correspondant à la solution d’une équation aux dérivées partielles (EDP), et générées par un solveur haute fidélité (HF). Pour ce faire, on utilise la méthode Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) ainsi que la méthode de réduction Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). Le modèle réduit appris est facilement interprétable, et par une analyse spectrale a posteriori de ce modèle on peut détecter les anomalies lors de la phase d’apprentissage. Les extensions au cas de couplage EDP-EDO, ainsi qu’au cas d’EDP d’ordre deux en temps sont présentées. L’apprentissage d’un modèle réduit dans le cas d’un système dynamique contrôlé par commutation, où la règle de contrôle est apprise à l’aide d’un réseau de neurones artificiel (ANN), est également traité. Un inconvénient de la réduction POD, est la difficile interprétation de la représentation basse dimension. On proposera alors l’utilisation de la méthode Empirical Interpolation Method (EIM). La représentation basse dimension est alors intelligible, et consiste en une restriction de la solution en des points sélectionnés. Cette approche sera ensuite étendue au cas d’EDP dépendant d’un paramètre, et où l’algorithme Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR) nous permettra d’apprendre la variété solution. Ainsi, on présentera l’apprentissage d’un modèle réduit paramétré. L’extension au cas de données bruitées ou bien au cas d’EDP d’évolution non linéaire est présentée en ouverture
In this thesis, an algorithm for learning an accurate reduced order model from data generated by a high fidelity solver (HF solver) is proposed. To achieve this goal, we use both Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). Anomaly detection, during the learning process, can be easily done by performing an a posteriori spectral analysis on the reduced order model learnt. Several extensions are presented to make the method as general as possible. Thus, we handle the case of coupled ODE/PDE systems or the case of second order hyperbolic equations. The method is also extended to the case of switched control systems, where the switching rule is learnt by using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The reduced order model learnt allows to predict time evolution of the POD coefficients. However, the POD coefficients have no interpretable meaning. To tackle this issue, we propose an interpretable reduction method using the Empirical Interpolation Method (EIM). This reduction method is then adapted to the case of third-order tensors, and combining with the Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR) we can learn the solution manifold in the case of parametrized PDEs. In this way, we can learn a parametrized reduced order model. The case of non-linear PDEs or disturbed data is finally presented in the opening
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Barrasso, Adrien. "Decoupled mild solutions of deterministic evolution problemswith singular or path-dependent coefficients, represented by backward SDEs." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLY009/document.

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Cette thèse introduit une nouvelle notion de solution pour des équationsd'évolution non-linéaires déterministes, appellées solutionsmild découplées.Nous revisitons les liens entre équations différentielles rétrogrades(EDSRs) markoviennes browniennes et EDPsparaboliques semilinéaires en montrant que, sous de très faibles hypothèses,les EDSRs produisent une unique solution mild découplée d'une EDP.Nous étendons ce résultat à de nombreuses autres équations déterministestelles que des Pseudo-EDPs, des Equations Intégrales aux Dérivées Partielles(EIDPs), des EDPs à drift distributionnel, ou des E(I)DPs à dépendancetrajectorielle. Les solutions de ces équations sont représentées via des EDSRs qui peuvent être sans martingale de référence, ou dirigées par des martingales cadlag. En particulier, cette thèse résout le problème d'identification,qui consiste, dans le cas classique d'une EDSR markovienne brownienne, à donner un sens analytique au processus Z, second membre de la solution (Y,Z) de l'EDSR. Dans la littérature, Y détermine en général une solution de viscosité de l'équation déterministe et ce problème d'identification n'est résolu que quand cette solution de viscosité a un minimum de régularité. Notre méthode permet de résoudre ce problème même dans le cas général d'EDSRs à sauts (non nécéssairement markoviennes)
This thesis introduces a new notion of solution for deterministic non-linear evolution equations, called decoupled mild solution.We revisit the links between Markovian Brownian Backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) and parabolic semilinear PDEs showing that under very mild assumptions, the BSDEs produce a unique decoupled mild solution of some PDE.We extend this result to many other deterministic equations such asPseudo-PDEs, Integro-PDEs, PDEs with distributional drift or path-dependent(I)PDEs. The solutions of those equations are represented throughBSDEs which may either be without driving martingale, or drivenby cadlag martingales. In particular this thesis solves the so calledidentification problem, which consists, in the case of classical Markovian Brownian BSDEs, to give an analytical meaning to the second component Z ofthe solution (Y,Z) of the BSDE. In the literature, Y generally determinesa so called viscosity solution and the identification problem is only solved when this viscosity solution has a minimal regularity.Our method allows to treat this problem even in the case of general (even non-Markovian) BSDEs with jumps
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Dumas, Thomas. "Existence de solutions pour des équations apparentées au 1 Laplacien anisotrope." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CERG0963/document.

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Nous étudions des équations relatives au p-Laplacien anisotrope lorsque certaines composantes du vecteur p sont égales à 1
We study anisotropic p-Laplacian equations when some components of p are equal to 1
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Micaux, Bertrand. "Flots stochastiques d’opérateurs dirigés par des bruits gaussiens et poissonniens." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112218.

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Dans l’article Integration of Brownian vector fields (2002), Le Jan et Raimond étudient des ÉDS dirigées par des champs de vecteurs browniens non nécessairement réguliers. Sous certaines hypothèses de symétrie, ils montrent qu’elles admettent des solutions fortes sous forme de flots d’opérateurs aléatoires qu’ils appellent solutions statistiques fortes de l’équation. L’objet de cette thèse est de généraliser ces résultats dans le cas où l’on ajoute un processus ponctuel de Poisson aux ÉDS étudiées. Au moyen de la théorie des chaos de Wiener-Poisson, nous établissons un théorème d’existence et d’unicité de ces flots stochastiques d’opérateurs. Les éléments de théorie des chaos ainsi que les liens entre semi-groupes, générateurs et formes symétriques nécessaires à notre étude sont rappelés et abondamment illustrés. Dans le cas purement brownien, nous reprenons la preuve de la positivité des solutions donnée par Le Jan et Raimond pour en donner une nouvelle présentation remédiant à quelques lacunes et faisant intervenir des intégrales stochastiques le long des trajectoires d’un processus de Hunt. Dans le cas poissonnien, nous illustrons notre étude en introduisant un modèle d’« exploration de nuage d’étoiles ». Il s’agit d’un flot stochastique d’applications discontinues dont les sauts sont déclenchés par une mesure de Poisson. Ce flot vérifie une ÉDS relevant de notre étude. Or cette équation peut être résolue sous des hypothèses plus faibles que celles nécessaires à la construction du flot d’applications ; nous obtenons ainsi une généralisation de notre modèle
In the article Integration of Brownian vector fields (2002), Le Jan and Raimond studied SDEs whose coefficients were not necessarily smooth. Under certain assumptions of symmetry, they showed that these equations admitted strong solutions which were stochastic flows of operators. They called them strong statistical solutions of the SDEs. The aim of this thesis is to extend those results to the situation where a Poisson point process is added to the SDEs. We establish an existence and uniqueness theorem for stochastic flows of operators driven by these SDEs using Wiener-Poisson chaos expansion techniques. We recall basic facts from Wiener-Poisson chaos theory and the links between semigroups, generators and symmetric forms that we need in our study. In the purely Brownian case, we give another presentation of the proof of positivity of solutions to fill some gaps in the initial one. This new account involves stochastic integrals along the paths of a Hunt process. In the Poisson case, we introduce a “star cloud exploration” model to illustrate our general framework. Here the jumps of a Poisson process give rise to discontinuities in the paths of a stochastic flow of maps. The resulting flow checks an SDE which comes within our framework and can be solved under weaker assumptions than those required to build the flow of maps. This way, we get a generalization of our model
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Goreac, Dan. "Problèmes de contrôle stochastiques : contrôle sous contrainte, contrôlabilité et application à la réassurance." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00258044.

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Le but de cette thèse est de présenter quelques contributions dans le cadre du contrôle des équations différentielles stochastiques en dimension finie où infinie :
(1) Contrôle stochastique non borné sous contraintes d'état.
Nous étudions une condition nécessaire sous laquelle les solutions d'une EDS régie par un processus de contrôle non-borné restent dans un voisinage arbitrairement petit d'un ensemble donné de contraintes.
(2) Contrôlabilité approchée pour des équations différentielles linéaires avec bruit contrôlé.
Dans cette deuxième partie, on s'intéresse à la propriété de contrôlabilité approchée pour une EDS linéaire. Nous proposons une généralisation de la condition de Kalman pour le cas général où le contrôle agit sur le bruit.
(3) Contrôlabilité approchée pour des équations différentielles linéaires en dimension infinie.
La troisième partie est dédiée à l'étude de la propriété de contrôlabilité approchée pour un système stochastique linéaire dans un espace de Hilbert réel et séparable. En particulier, nous montrons l'existence et unicité pour la solution de l'EDSR duale lorsque les opérateurs qui agissent sur Y et Z sont non-bornés. Dans le cas d'un générateur infinitésimal d'un semi-groupe exponentiellement stable, nous montrons que le test généralisé de Hautus donne une condition nécessaire pour la contrôlabilité approchée.
(4) Assurance, réassurance et paiement de dividendes.
Nous introduisons un modèle d'assurance qui permet la réassurance et le paiement des dividendes. Notre modèle prend en compte plusieurs contrats homogènes ainsi que la législation européenne en vigueur concernant les provisions des sociétés d'assurance.
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Ntovoris, Eleftherios. "Contribution à la théorie des EDP non linéaires avec applications à la méthode des surfaces de niveau, aux fluides non newtoniens et à l'équation de Boltzmann." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1057/document.

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Cette thèse comporte trois chapitres indépendants, consacrés à l’étude mathématique de trois problèmes physiques distincts, ayant pour modèles trois équations aux dérivées partielles différentes. Ces équations relèvent plus précisément de la méthode des surfaces de niveau, de la théorie de l’écoulement incompressible des matériaux non newtoniens et de la théorie cinétique des gaz raréfiés. Le premier chapitre de la thèse porte sur la dynamique des frontières en mouvement et contient une justification mathématique de la procédure numérique dite de ré-initialisation, dont les applications sont nombreuses dans le contexte de la célèbre méthode des surfaces de niveau. Nous appliquons ces résultats pour une classe d’équations issues de la méthode des surfaces de niveau de premier ordre. Nous écrivons la procédure de ré-initialisation comme un algorithme de décomposition et nous étudions la convergence de l’algorithme en utilisant des techniques d’homogénéisation dans la variable temporelle. Grâce à cette analyse rigoureuse nous introduisons également une nouvelle méthode pour l’approximation de la fonction de distance dans le contexte de la méthode des surfaces de niveau. Dans le cas où l’on cherche seulement une fonction de l’ensemble de niveau avec un gradient minoré proche du niveau zéro, nous proposons une approximation plus simple. Dans le cas général, où le niveau zéro pourrait présenter des changements de topologie, nous introduisons une nouvelle notion de limites relâchées. Dans le deuxième chapitre de la thèse, nous étudions un problème de frontière libre résultant de l’étude de l’écoulement incompressible d’un matériau non-newtonien, avec limite d’élasticité de type Drucker-Prager, sur un plan incliné et sous l’effet de la pesanteur. Nous obtenons une équation sous-différentielle, que nous formulons comme un problème variationnel avec un terme à croissance linéaire de type gradient, et nous étudions le problème dans un domaine non borné. Nous montrons que les équations sont bien posées et satisfont certaines propriétés de régularité. Nous sommes alors capables de relier les paramètres physiques avec le problème abstrait et de prouver des propriétés quantitatives de la solution. En particulier, nous montrons que la solution a un support compact, la limite de ce que nous appelons la frontière libre. Nous construisons également des solutions explicites d’une équation différentielle ordinaire qui peut estimer la frontière libre. Enfin, le troisième et dernier chapitre de la thèse est dédié aux solutions de l’équation de Boltzmann homogène avec molécules maxwelliennes et énergie infinie. Nous obtenons de nouveaux résultats d’existence de solutions éternelles pour cette équation dans un espace de mesures de probabilité d’énergie infinie (i.e. de moment d’ordre deux infini). Elles permettent de décrire le comportement asymptotique en temps d’autres solutions d’énergie infinie, mais elles apparaissent aussi comme des états asymptotiques intermédiaires dans l’étude des solutions d’énergie finie, mais arbitrairement grande. Les méthodes issues de l’analyse harmonique sont utilisées pour étudier l’équation de Boltzmann, où la variable de vitesse est exprimée en Fourier. Enfin, un changement d’échelle logarithmique en la variable temporelle permet de déterminer le bon comportement asymptotique à l’infini des solutions
This thesis consists of three different and independent chapters, concerning the mathematical study of three distinctive physical problems, which are modelled by three non- linear partial differential equations. These equations concern the level set method, the theory of incompressible flow of non-Newtonian materials and the kinetic theory of rare- fied gases. The first chapter of the thesis concerns the dynamics of moving interfaces and contains a rigorous justification of a numerical procedure called re-initialization, for which there are several applications in the context of the level set method. We apply these results for first order level set equations. We write the re-initialization procedure as a splitting algorithm and study the convergence of the algorithm using homogenization techniques in the time variable. As a result of the rigorous analysis, we are also able to introduce a new method for the approximation of the distance function in the context of the level set method. In the case where one only looks for a level set function with gradient bounded from below near the zero level, we propose a simpler approximation. In the general case where the zero level might present changes of topology we introduce a new notion of relaxed limits. In the second chapter of the thesis, we study a free boundary problem arising in the study of the flow of an incompressible non-Newtonian material with Drucker-Prager plasticity on an inclined plane. We derive a subdifferential equation, which we reformulate as a variational problem containing a term with linear growth in the gradient variable, and we study the problem in an unbounded domain. We show that the equations are well posed and satisfy some regularity properties. We are then able to connect the physical parameters with the abstract problem and prove some quantitative properties of the solution. In particular, we show that the solution has compact support and the support is the free boundary. We also construct explicit solutions of an ordinary differential equation, which we use to estimate the free boundary. The last chapter of the thesis is dedicated to the study of infinite energy solutions of the homogeneous Boltzmann equation with Maxwellian molecules. We obtain new results concerning the existence of eternal solutions in the space of probability measure with infinite energy (i.e. the second order moment is infinite). These solutions describe the asymptotic behaviour of other infinite energy solutions but could also be useful in the study of intermediate asymptotic states of solutions with finite but arbitrarily large energy. We use harmonic analysis tools to study the equation, where the velocity variable is expressed in the Fourier space. Finally, a logarithmic scaling of the time variable allows to determine the correct asymptotic scaling of the solutions
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Collion, Stéphane. "Fonctions critiques et équations aux dérivées partielles elliptiques sur les variétés riemanniennes compactes." Paris 6, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007685.

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Jacob, Jérome. "Modélisation et simulation dynamique de procédés de traitement des eaux de type biofiltre : traitement de systèmes d'équations différentielles partielles et algébriques (EDPA)." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT038G.

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Le sujet de cette these concerne la simulation dynamique des biofiltres (procedes aux multiples avantages, de plus en plus utilises dans les stations d'epuration, vis a vis des procedes a boues activees). Dans la premiere partie de la these est elabore un modele dynamique general de biofiltre immerge, prenant en compte les aspects biologiques (elimination des pollutions carbonees et azotees, croissance de la biomasse), physiques (filtration des matieres en suspension) et hydrodynamiques (ecoulement liquide piston, colmatage du filtre). Le modele, concu sous une forme generale, peut etre utilise en elimination de carbone, denitrification, nitrification, denitritation il conduit a un systeme d'equations differentielles partielles et algebriques (edpa) pour lequel est mise en uvre une technique de resolution globale a maillage fixe, derivee d'une technique de type eda (traitement global des equations differentielles et algebriques) avec implantation d'une procedure automatique de traitement des evenements temporels et d'etat. Les performances du modele, ainsi que l'efficacite de la methode numerique, sont testees en simulation dynamique sur differentes applications avec comparaison systematique vis a vis de donnees obtenues sur pilote (denitrification d'une eau residuaire urbaine, denitritation d'une eau synthetique, denitrification d'une eau a potabiliser) ce qui a conduit a developper certains de ses aspects: integration du nouveau concept de biomasse active/biomasse desactivee, dissociation de l'azote oxyde en nitrates et nitrites, prise en compte de la temperature. Une etude rigoureuse du demarrage du filtre (etape transitoire generalement occultee en simulation dynamique) a egalement ete effectuee. Une procedure d'identification, specialement adaptee aux systemes de type eda, a ete implantee sur le modele afin d'acceder a certains parametres biologiques qui ne peuvent etre determines experimentalement
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Collion, Stephane. "Fonctions critiques et équations aux dérivées partielles elliptiques sur les variétés riemanniennes compactes." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007685.

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Cette thèse s'intéresse à la résolution d'EDP non linéaire sur une variété riemannienne compacte (M,g) de dimension n 3 de la forme : . Ces équations ont une structure variationnelle et on cherche des solutions qui minimisent l'énergie : parmi les fonctions u de W1,2 qui vérifient Cf(u)= . Th. Aubin a montré qu'on a toujours : , où cn est une constante qui ne dépend que de la dimension, et que de plus si l'inégalité est stricte, alors l'équation a des solutions minimisantes. Je montre dans mon travail des théorèmes d'existence dans le cas limite où cette inégalité est une égalité en utilisant une notion de « fonction critique » introduite par E. Hebey et M. Vaugon, et je montre différents résultats concernant ces fonctions critiques.
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Books on the topic "EDA solutions"

1

Chabrowski, Jan. The Dirichlet problem with L²-boundary data for elliptic linear equations. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Paolo, Marcellini, ed. Implicit partial differential equations. Boston: Birkhäuser, 1999.

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Srinivas, Karkenahalli, and Clive A. J. Fletcher. Computational Techniques for Fluid Dynamics: A Solutions Manual. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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Lafer, Gordon. The One Percent Solution. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501703065.001.0001.

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In the aftermath of the 2010 Citizens United decision, it's become commonplace to note the growing political dominance of a small segment of the economic elite. But what exactly are those members of the elite doing with their newfound influence? This book presents an account of legislation promoted by the US's biggest corporate lobbies across all fifty state legislatures and encompassing a wide range of labor and economic policies. In an era of growing economic insecurity, it turns out that one of the main reasons life is becoming harder for American workers is a relentless—and concerted—offensive by the country's best-funded and most powerful political forces: corporate lobbies empowered by the Supreme Court to influence legislative outcomes with an endless supply of cash. These actors have successfully championed hundreds of new laws that lower wages, eliminate paid sick leave, undo the right to sue over job discrimination, and cut essential public services. The book shows how corporate strategies have been shaped by twenty-first-century conditions—including globalization, economic decline, and the populism reflected in both the Trump and Sanders campaigns of 2016. Perhaps most important, the book shows that the corporate legislative agenda has come to endanger the scope of democracy itself.
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Fletcher, Clive A. J., and Karkenahalli Srinivas. Computational Techniques for Fluid Dynamics: A Solutions Manual (Scientific Computation). Springer, 1992.

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Un pari décidé pour aborder la solution du conflit basque = A political intiative aimed at the resolving the Basque conflict. Vitoria- Gasteiz: Eusko Juarlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia, Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco, 2007.

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Beckner, Mark. Pro EDI in BizTalk Server 2006 R2: Electronic Document Interchange Solutions. Apress, 2016.

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Beckner, Mark. Pro EDI in BizTalk Server 2006 R2: Electronic Document Interchange Solutions. Springer London, Limited, 2007.

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Beckner, Mark. Pro EDI in BizTalk Server 2006 R2: Electronic Document Interchange Solutions (Pro). Apress, 2007.

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Roos, Hans-Görg, Martin Stynes, and Lutz Tobiska. Numerical Methods for Singularly Perturbed Differential Equations: Convection-Diffusion and Flow Problems (Springer Series in Computational Mathematics). Springer, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "EDA solutions"

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Beckner, Mark. "EDI Solutions." In BizTalk 2010 Recipes, 433–52. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-3265-0_8.

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Beckner, Mark, and Kishore Dharanikota. "EDI Solutions." In BizTalk 2013 Recipes, 445–62. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-6374-6_8.

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Buxmann, Peter, Wolfgang König, Markus Fricke, Franz Hollich, Luis Martin Diaz, and Sascha Weber. "EDI and XML/EDI: Concepts and SAP Solutions." In Inter-organizational Cooperation with SAP Solutions, 27–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24763-0_3.

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Hirech, Mokhtar. "EDA Solution for Power-Aware Design-for-Test." In Power-Aware Testing and Test Strategies for Low Power Devices, 323–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0928-2_11.

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Drori, Limor, and David Peleg. "Faster Exact Solutions for Some NP-Hard Problems." In Algorithms - ESA’ 99, 450–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48481-7_39.

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König, Felix G., Macro Lübbecke, Rolf Möhring, Guido Schäfer, and Ines Spenke. "Solutions to Real-World Instances of PSPACE-Complete Stacking." In Algorithms – ESA 2007, 729–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75520-3_64.

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Beckner, Mark. "Solution: Receiving 837P Data." In BizTalk 2010 EDI for Health Care, 11–26. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-5020-3_2.

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Beckner, Mark. "Solution: Sending 837P Data." In BizTalk 2010 EDI for Health Care, 27–37. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-5020-3_3.

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Beckner, Mark. "Solution: Sending 834 Data." In BizTalk 2013 EDI for Health Care, 127–39. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-6608-2_10.

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Beckner, Mark. "Solution: Sending 834 - Simplified." In BizTalk 2013 EDI for Health Care, 141–44. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-6608-2_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "EDA solutions"

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Yongsheng Liang, Zhigang Ren, Lin Wang, Bei Pang, and Mohammad Moinul Hossain. "Inferior solutions in Gaussian EDA: Useless or useful?" In 2017 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2017.7969327.

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Bailey, George E., Alexander Tritchkov, Jea-Woo Park, Le Hong, Vincent Wiaux, Eric Hendrickx, Staf Verhaegen, Peng Xie, and Janko Versluijs. "Double pattern EDA solutions for 32nm HP and beyond." In Advanced Lithography, edited by Alfred K. K. Wong and Vivek K. Singh. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.712773.

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Marinissen, E. J., G. Vandling, S. K. Goel, F. Hapke, J. Rivers, N. Mittermaier, and S. Bahl. "EDA solutions to new-defect detection in advanced process technologies." In 2012 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/date.2012.6176444.

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Chen, Hung-Ming, Chia-Lin Hu, Kang-Yu Chang, Alexandra Küster, Yu-Hsien Lin, Po-Shen Kuo, Wei-Tung Chao, Bo-Cheng Lai, Chien-Nan Liu, and Shyh-Jye Jou. "On EDA solutions for reconfigurable memory-centric AI edge applications." In ICCAD '20: IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3400302.3415772.

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Khazhinsky, Michael G., Shuqing Cao, Harald Gossner, Gianluca Boselli, and Melanie Etherton. "Electronic design automation (EDA) solutions for ESD-robust design and verification." In 2012 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference - CICC 2012. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cicc.2012.6330690.

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Pentapati, Sai Surya Kiran, and Sung Kyu Lim. "Heterogeneous Monolithic 3D ICs: EDA Solutions, and Power, Performance, Cost Tradeoffs." In 2021 58th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586246.

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Hermida, Roman. "Session details: Design challenges and EDA solutions for wireless sensor networks." In DAC '12: The 49th Annual Design Automation Conference 2012. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3259220.

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Torres, J. Andres, Germain Fenger, Daman Khaira, Yuansheng Ma, Yuri Granik, Chris Kapral, Joydeep Mitra, Polina Krasnova, and Dehia Ait-Ferhat. "Overview and development of EDA tools for integration of DSA into patterning solutions." In 2017 18th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isqed.2017.7918300.

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Su, Yea-Huey, Ruey-Shan Guo, and Hsiao-Huan Chang. "Evolutionary Engineering Collaboration for DFM/DFY Solutions between Foundry and EDA Tool Vendor." In 2006 International Symposium on Semiconductor Manufacturing (ISSM). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issm.2006.4493140.

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Torres, J. Andres, Germain Fenger, Daman Khaira, Yuansheng Ma, Yuri Granik, Chris Kapral, Joydeep Mitra, Polina Krasnova, and Dehia Ait-Ferhat. "Overview and development of EDA tools for integration of DSA into patterning solutions." In SPIE Advanced Lithography, edited by Christopher Bencher and Joy Y. Cheng. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2264178.

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Reports on the topic "EDA solutions"

1

Crowley, David, Yitzhak Hadar, and Yona Chen. Rhizosphere Ecology of Plant-Beneficial Microorganisms. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695843.bard.

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Rhizoferrin, a siderophore produced by Rhizopus arrhizus, has been shown in previous studies to be an outstanding Fe carrier to plants. However, calculations based on stability constants and thermodynamic equilibrium lead to contradicting conclusions. In this study a kinetic approach was employed to elucidate this apparent contradiction and to determine the behavior of rhizoferrin under conditions representing soil and nutrient solutions. Stability of Fe3+ complexes in nutrient solution, rate of metal exchange with Ca, and rate of Fe extraction by the free ligand were monitored for rhizoferrin and other chelating agents by 55Fe labeling. Ferric complexes of rhizoferrin, desferri-ferrioxamine-B (DFOB), and ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (EDDHA) were found to be stable in nutrient solution at pH 7.5 for 31 days, while ferric complexes of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and mugineic acid (MA) lost 50% of the chelated Fe within 2 days. Fe-Ca exchange in Ca solutions at pH 8.7 revealed rhizoferrin to hold Fe at non-equilibrium state for 3-4 weeks at 3.3 mM Ca and for longer periods at lower Ca concentrations. EDTA lost the ferric ion at a faster rate under the same conditions. Fe extraction from freshly prepared Fe-hydroxide at pH 8.7 and with 3.2 mM Ca was slow and followed the order. DFOB > EDDHA > MA > rhizoferrin > EDTA. Based on these results we suggest that a kinetic rather than equilibrium approach should be the basis for predictions of Fe-chelates efficiency. We conclude that the non-equilibrium state of rhizoferrin is of crucial importance for its behavior as a Fe carrier to plants.
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Vora, Mehul Arun, Steinar Sanni, and Roger Flage. Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) of IOR solutions on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. University of Stavanger, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.209.

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The aim of the Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) work at the IOR Centre is to provide methods, procedures, and key data to enable assessment of environmental risk in relation to IOR solutions (products and processes) elaborated at the center. The objective of this report is to provide a user guidance summary on methods and tools to conduct ERA related to different IOR solutions. It will explain workflows, expertise, and tools needed in relation to different types of IOR solutions applied. The report is foremost addressed to environmental engineers in the oil and gas industry, but will also be relevant for environmental managers, environmental authorities and regulators as well as for suppliers of chemical products and environmental services.
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Wu, Tzu-Chi, and Bruce Chien-Ta Ho. Innovations during the COVID-19 pandemic. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0102.

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Review question / Objective: (1)The features of innovation in the healthcare system during the COVID-19 era; (2)Explore the innovative solutions in different thematic categories in the healthcare system. Condition being studied: Existing studies of innovation in the healthcare system have typically focused on technology, it does not cover all kinds of innovation. Eligibility criteria: (1) articles that describe innovative ideas, solutions or experience in the healthcare system during the COVID-19 crisis(2) articles that researched innovation issues in the COVID-19crisis.
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Fabian, Robert A. Force Protection in An Era of Commercially Available Satellite Imagery: Space Blockade as a Possible Solution. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada400933.

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Taylor, Peter, and Crystal Tremblay. Decolonising Knowledge for Development in the Covid-19 Era. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.018.

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This Working Paper seeks to explore current and emerging framings of decolonising knowledge for development. It does this with the intent of helping to better understand the importance of diverse voices, knowledges, and perspectives in an emerging agenda for development research. It aims to offer conceptual ideas and practical lessons on how to engage with more diverse voices and perspectives in understanding and addressing the impacts of Covid-19. The authors situate their thoughts and reflections around experiences recently shared by participants in international dialogues that include the Covid Collective; an international network of practitioners working in development contexts; engagement and dialogue with Community-based Research Canada, and their work with the Victoria Forum. Through these stories and reflections, they bring together key themes, tensions, and insights on the decolonisation of knowledge for development in the context of the Covid-19 era as well as offering some potential ways forward for individuals and organisations to transform current knowledge inequities and power asymmetries. These pathways, among other solutions identified, call for the inclusion of those whose challenges are being addressed, reflective spaces for inclusive processes, and connection, sharing and demonstrating the value of decolonised knowledge for liberation and trust.
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Walz, Yvonne, Florence Nick, Oscar Higuera Roa, Udo Nehren, and Zita Sebesvari. Coherence and Alignment among Sustainable Land Management, Ecosystem-based Adaptation, Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction and Nature-based Solutions. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/mwgp9896.

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Approaches integrating environmental management practices have been gaining importance in recent years. Sustainable Land Management (SLM), Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA), Ecosystem-based disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) and Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are widely applied approaches that tackle certain drivers of challenges such as food insecurity, water scarcity, decline in biodiversity and threats to livelihoods, while also considering both human well-being and ecosystem functions and services. Better understanding the similarities, differences and relationships between these approaches helps to improve efficiency in implementation and leverage synergies. By shedding more light on where these approaches align, investments in land-based solutions in response to different types of environmental challenges can be more effectively designed to achieve multiple targets. In response to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) decision 19/COP.14 paragraph 4, the main objective of this report is to understand and elaborate upon the characteristics of SLM, EbA, Eco-DRR and NbS. The report begins with an overview of the historical backgrounds and origins of SLM, EbA, Eco-DRR and NbS. Despite differences in their specific goals and targeted benefits, all approaches aim for the support of biodiversity, land-based ecosystems and ecosystem services and functions, and employ measures to conserve, restore and sustainably use land to support ecosystem services and functions, including SLM technologies. Furthermore, irrespective of their different goals, the projects developed under any approach can generate comparable co-benefits, especially due to their support of biodiversity. The capacity for all these approaches to deliver multiple co-benefits means that projects of each approach can directly contribute to implementing the specific goals of the other approaches as well. Thus, multiple global and national targets, frameworks, strategies and conventions which call for the implementation of one or more of these approaches, can benefit from this report by avoiding duplication and reducing the overall investments necessary to achieve the set targets and goals. This is critical for achieving the ambitious Agenda 2030, including voluntary land degradation neutrality (LDN) targets and climate action under the Paris Agreement. It will also be the case for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework currently under development. The added value that will come from optimizing the links among these approaches extends from national policymakers to the practitioners of SLM, EbA and Eco-DRR projects, which all share the ultimate goal of sustainable development. To capture the coherence and alignment among these approaches, their similarities and differences have been summarized in a conceptual framework. The framework has been designed to help practitioners understand the specific goals of each approach, and to link these to the relevant global and national targets, frameworks, strategies and conventions, which can support monitoring and evaluation as well as reporting processes. The synergies among these approaches are further illustrated based on three case studies in order to demonstrate opportunities for leveraging multiple co-benefits and targets at implementation level irrespective of the different objectives under each. The results of this assessment demonstrate that activities under one approach can be beneficial to achieve the specific goals of other approaches with little additional effort. It is essential for policymakers, project developers and practitioners to recognize that. This is key to the achievement of sustainable development.
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Black, Richard, Joshua Busby, Geoffrey D. Dabelko, Cedric de Coning, Hafsa Maalim, Claire McAllister, Melvis Ndiloseh, et al. Environment of Peace: Security in a New Era of Risk. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/lcls7037.

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The environmental crisis is increasing risks to security and peace worldwide, notably in countries that are already fragile. Indicators of insecurity such as the number of conflicts, the number of hungry people and military expenditure are rising; so are indicators of environmental decline, in climate change, biodiversity, pollution and other areas. In combination, the security and environmental crises are creating compound, cascading, emergent, systemic and existential risks. Without profound changes of approach by institutions of authority, risks will inevitably proliferate quickly. Environment of Peace surveys the evolving risk landscape and documents a number of developments that indicate a pathway to solutions––in international law and policy, in peacekeeping operations and among non-governmental organizations. It finds that two principal avenues need to be developed: (a) combining peace-building and environmental restoration, and (b) effectively addressing the underlying environmental issues. It also analyses the potential of existing and emerging pro-environment measures for exacerbating risks to peace and security. The findings demonstrate that only just and peaceful transitions to more sustainable practices can be effective––and show that these transitions also need to be rapid.
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Lance, Richard, and Xin Guan. Variation in inhibitor effects on qPCR assays and implications for eDNA surveys. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41740.

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Aquatic environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys are sometimes impacted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors. We tested varying concentrations of different inhibitors (humic, phytic, and tannic acids; crude leaf extracts) for impacts on quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays designed for eDNA surveys of bighead and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). We also tested for inhibition by high concentrations of exogenous DNA, hypothesizing that DNA from increasingly closely related species would be increasingly inhibitory. All tested inhibitors impacted qPCR, though only at very high concentrations — likely a function, in part, of having used an inhibitor-resistant qPCR solution. Closer phylogenetic relatedness resulted in inhibition at lower exogenous DNA concentrations, but not at relatively close phylogenetic scales. Inhibition was also influenced by the qPCR reporter dye used. Importantly, different qPCR assays responded differently to the same inhibitor concentrations. Implications of these results are that the inclusion of more than one assay for the same target taxa in an eDNA survey may be an important countermeasure against false negatives and that internal positive controls may not, in the absence of efforts to maximize inhibition compatibility, provide useful information about the inhibition of an eDNA assay.
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9

Babuska, I., T. Strouboulis, S. K. Gangaraj, and C. S. Upadhyay. Eta%-Superconvergence in the Interior of Locally Refined Meshes of Quadrilaterals: Superconvergence of the Gradient in Finite Element Solutions of Laplace's and Poisson's Equations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada277242.

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10

Newman-Toker, David E., Susan M. Peterson, Shervin Badihian, Ahmed Hassoon, Najlla Nassery, Donna Parizadeh, Lisa M. Wilson, et al. Diagnostic Errors in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer258.

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Objectives. Diagnostic errors are a known patient safety concern across all clinical settings, including the emergency department (ED). We conducted a systematic review to determine the most frequent diseases and clinical presentations associated with diagnostic errors (and resulting harms) in the ED, measure error and harm frequency, as well as assess causal factors. Methods. We searched PubMed®, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL®), and Embase® from January 2000 through September 2021. We included research studies and targeted grey literature reporting diagnostic errors or misdiagnosis-related harms in EDs in the United States or other developed countries with ED care deemed comparable by a technical expert panel. We applied standard definitions for diagnostic errors, misdiagnosis-related harms (adverse events), and serious harms (permanent disability or death). Preventability was determined by original study authors or differences in harms across groups. Two reviewers independently screened search results for eligibility; serially extracted data regarding common diseases, error/harm rates, and causes/risk factors; and independently assessed risk of bias of included studies. We synthesized results for each question and extrapolated U.S. estimates. We present 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs) or plausible range (PR) bounds, as appropriate. Results. We identified 19,127 citations and included 279 studies. The top 15 clinical conditions associated with serious misdiagnosis-related harms (accounting for 68% [95% CI 66 to 71] of serious harms) were (1) stroke, (2) myocardial infarction, (3) aortic aneurysm and dissection, (4) spinal cord compression and injury, (5) venous thromboembolism, (6/7 – tie) meningitis and encephalitis, (6/7 – tie) sepsis, (8) lung cancer, (9) traumatic brain injury and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, (10) arterial thromboembolism, (11) spinal and intracranial abscess, (12) cardiac arrhythmia, (13) pneumonia, (14) gastrointestinal perforation and rupture, and (15) intestinal obstruction. Average disease-specific error rates ranged from 1.5 percent (myocardial infarction) to 56 percent (spinal abscess), with additional variation by clinical presentation (e.g., missed stroke average 17%, but 4% for weakness and 40% for dizziness/vertigo). There was also wide, superimposed variation by hospital (e.g., missed myocardial infarction 0% to 29% across hospitals within a single study). An estimated 5.7 percent (95% CI 4.4 to 7.1) of all ED visits had at least one diagnostic error. Estimated preventable adverse event rates were as follows: any harm severity (2.0%, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.6), any serious harms (0.3%, PR 0.1 to 0.7), and deaths (0.2%, PR 0.1 to 0.4). While most disease-specific error rates derived from mainly U.S.-based studies, overall error and harm rates were derived from three prospective studies conducted outside the United States (in Canada, Spain, and Switzerland, with combined n=1,758). If overall rates are generalizable to all U.S. ED visits (130 million, 95% CI 116 to 144), this would translate to 7.4 million (PR 5.1 to 10.2) ED diagnostic errors annually; 2.6 million (PR 1.1 to 5.2) diagnostic adverse events with preventable harms; and 371,000 (PR 142,000 to 909,000) serious misdiagnosis-related harms, including more than 100,000 permanent, high-severity disabilities and 250,000 deaths. Although errors were often multifactorial, 89 percent (95% CI 88 to 90) of diagnostic error malpractice claims involved failures of clinical decision-making or judgment, regardless of the underlying disease present. Key process failures were errors in diagnostic assessment, test ordering, and test interpretation. Most often these were attributed to inadequate knowledge, skills, or reasoning, particularly in “atypical” or otherwise subtle case presentations. Limitations included use of malpractice claims and incident reports for distribution of diseases leading to serious harms, reliance on a small number of non-U.S. studies for overall (disease-agnostic) diagnostic error and harm rates, and methodologic variability across studies in measuring disease-specific rates, determining preventability, and assessing causal factors. Conclusions. Although estimated ED error rates are low (and comparable to those found in other clinical settings), the number of patients potentially impacted is large. Not all diagnostic errors or harms are preventable, but wide variability in diagnostic error rates across diseases, symptoms, and hospitals suggests improvement is possible. With 130 million U.S. ED visits, estimated rates for diagnostic error (5.7%), misdiagnosis-related harms (2.0%), and serious misdiagnosis-related harms (0.3%) could translate to more than 7 million errors, 2.5 million harms, and 350,000 patients suffering potentially preventable permanent disability or death. Over two-thirds of serious harms are attributable to just 15 diseases and linked to cognitive errors, particularly in cases with “atypical” manifestations. Scalable solutions to enhance bedside diagnostic processes are needed, and these should target the most commonly misdiagnosed clinical presentations of key diseases causing serious harms. New studies should confirm overall rates are representative of current U.S.-based ED practice and focus on identified evidence gaps (errors among common diseases with lower-severity harms, pediatric ED errors and harms, dynamic systems factors such as overcrowding, and false positives). Policy changes to consider based on this review include: (1) standardizing measurement and research results reporting to maximize comparability of measures of diagnostic error and misdiagnosis-related harms; (2) creating a National Diagnostic Performance Dashboard to track performance; and (3) using multiple policy levers (e.g., research funding, public accountability, payment reforms) to facilitate the rapid development and deployment of solutions to address this critically important patient safety concern.
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