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Journal articles on the topic 'Ectomycorrhizas – Western Australia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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DELL, B., N. MALAJCZUK, T. S. GROVE, and G. THOMSON. "Ectomycorrhiza formation in Eucalyptus.. IV. Ectomycorrhizas in the sporocarps of the hypogeous fungi Mesophellia and Castorium in Eucalypt forests of Western Australia." New Phytologist 114, no. 3 (March 1990): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1990.tb00413.x.

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Bougher, NL, and N. Malajczuk. "A New Species of Descolea (Agaricales) From Western Australia, and Aspects of Its Ectomycorrhizal Status." Australian Journal of Botany 33, no. 6 (1985): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9850619.

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Descolea maculata sp. nov. is described, illustrated and compared with other species of the genus. A Gondwanaland/Nothofagus origin proposed for the genus is discussed in the light of the Western Australian record. Ectomycorrhizae initiated by D. maculata on roots of Eucalyptus diversicolor and E. marginata, under both aseptic and non-sterile conditions, provide confirmation of the ectomycorrhizal status of the genus Descolea. Cystidia associated with the fungal mantle are similar to those reported for other mycorrhizal fungi of eucalypts.

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Bougher, NL, BA Fuhrer, and E. Horak. "Taxonomy and biogeography of Australian Rozites species mycorrhizal with Nothofagus and Myrtaceae." Australian Systematic Botany 7, no. 4 (1994): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9940353.

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Seven species of the putatively obligately ectomycorrhizal fungal genus Rozites are described from Australian Nothofagus and myrtaceaeous forests. Rozites metallica, R. armeniacovelata, R. foetens, and R. occulta are new species associated with Nothofagus in south eastern Australia. Rozites fusipes, previously known only from New Zealand, is reported from Tasmanian Nothofagus forests. Rozites roseolilacina and R. symea are new species associated with Eucalyptus in south eastern and south western Australia respectively. The significance of these Rozites species to mycorrhizal and biogeographical theories, such as the origin of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with myrtaceous plants in Australia are discussed. The diversity of Rozites species in Australia, which equals or exceeds that of other southern regions, furthers the notion that many species of the genus co-evolved with Nothofagus in the Southern Hemisphere. Rozites symea in Western Australia occurs well outside the current geographic range of Nothofagus. It is considered to be a relict species that has survived the shift in dominant ectomycorrhizal forest tree type from Nothofagus to Myrtaceae (local extinction of Nothofagus 4–5 million years ago), and is most likely now confined to the high rainfall zone in the south west. Data on Rozites in Australia support the concept that at least some of the present set of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Myrtaceae in Australia are those which successfully completed a host change from Nothofagus, and adapted to changing climate, vegetation and soil conditions during and since the Tertiary. We suggest that the ancient stock of Rozites arose somewhere within the geographical range of a Cretaceous fagalean complex of plant taxa. By the end of the Cretaceous, Rozites and the fagalean complex may have spanned the Asian–Australian region including perhaps many Southern Hemisphere regions. A northern portion of the ancestral Rozites stock gave rise to extant Northern Hemisphere Rozites species and a southern portion speciated as Nothofagus itself speciated.

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Howard, Kay, Bernie Dell, and Giles E. Hardy. "Phosphite and mycorrhizal formation in seedlings of three Australian Myrtaceae." Australian Journal of Botany 48, no. 6 (2000): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt00007.

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Currently in Western Australia, phosphite is being used to contain the root and collar rot pathogen, Phytophthora cinnamomi, in native plant communities. There have been reports of negative effects of phosphite on arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), so there are concerns that it may have a deleterious effect on other mycorrhizal fungi. Two glasshouse experiments were undertaken to determine the impact of phosphite on eucalypt-associated ectomycorrhizal fungi. In the first experiment, non-mycorrhizal seedlings of Eucalyptus marginata, Eucalyptus globulus and Agonis flexuosa were sprayed to runoff with several concentrations of phosphite, and then planted into soil naturally infested with early colonising mycorrhizal species. Assessments were made of percentage of roots infected with mycorrhizal fungi. There was no significant effect on ectomycorrhizal formation but there was a four-fold increase in AM colonisation of A. flexuosa roots with phosphite application. In the second experiment, E. globulus seedlings mycorrhizal with Pisolithus, Scleroderma and Descolea were treated with different levels of phosphite and infection of new roots by ectomycorrhizal fungi was assessed. There was no significant effect on ectomycorrhizal formation when phosphite was applied at the recommended rate (5 g L–1), while at 10 g L–1 phosphite significantly decreased infection by Descolea.

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Braaten, Christine C., P. Brandon Matheny, Debra L. Viess, Michael G. Wood, Joseph H. Williams, and Neale L. Bougher. "Two new species of Inocybe from Australia and North America that include novel secotioid forms." Botany 92, no. 1 (January 2014): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2013-0195.

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The secotioid form of fruit bodies of mushroom-forming fungi may be an intermediate evolutionary modification of epigeous agaricoid or pileate–stipitate forms (i.e., with pileus, spore-bearing tissues, and stipe) and typically hypogeous, gasteroid- or truffle-forming species, in which the fruit bodies have been reduced to enclosed structures containing modified spore-producing tissues. To date, only a single secotioid species (Auritella geoaustralis Matheny & Bougher ex Matheny & Bougher) has been described in the ectomycorrhizal family Inocybaceae, a hyperdiverse clade of ca. 500–700 species with a cosmopolitan distribution. Fieldwork in Australia and western North America, however, has revealed two novel secotioid forms of Inocybe (Fr.) Fr., the first to be formally described in the genus. In this investigation, we analyze their phylogenetic relationships using molecular sequence data from multiple unlinked loci to test whether these are environmental variants of agaricoid forms or represent independent lineages. Results of phylogenetic analyses suggest these fungi have converged to the secotioid form independently. However, the California secotioid taxon (Inocybe multifolia f. cryptophylla f. nov.) is a phenotypic variant of the newly described agaricoid taxon (Inocybe multifolia sp. nov.). Similarly, the Australian secotioid form (Inocybe bicornis f. secotioides f. nov.) is nested within a clade of otherwise agaricoid forms of a second novel species (Inocybe bicornis sp. nov.) described from southwest Western Australia. Overall, four species with sequestrate forms within Inocybaceae can now be recognized, three of which are distributed in Australia and one in western North America, in the genera Auritella and Inocybe.

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Garkaklis, Mark J., J. S. Bradley, and R. D. Wooller. "The relationship between animal foraging and nutrient patchiness in south-west Australian woodland soils." Soil Research 41, no. 4 (2003): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02109.

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The woylie (Bettongia penicillata) was once common and abundant over the southern third of the Australian continent. Since European settlement the range of this rat-kangaroo has become reduced by more than 97%, and until the early 1990s, only 3 small natural populations remained, all in south-western Australia. These medium-sized (c. 1 kg) marsupials create a large number of diggings as they forage for the hypogeous fruiting bodies of ectomycorrhizal fungi upon which they feed. The effect of such foraging activity on the availability of plant nutrients in the vicinity of such diggings was evaluated in simulated digging experiments. Available nitrate, ammonium, and sulfur decreased significantly 3 years after diggings were constructed and had filled in, whereas phosphorus, potassium, iron, and organic carbon remained unchanged. The results suggest that preferential water infiltration via woylie diggings leads to a decrease in those soil nutrients that are susceptible to leaching and indicates that digging vertebrates may influence the distribution of surface soil nutrients.

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Bougher, Neale L. "New species of Torrendia (Fungi, Agaricales) from remnant woodlands in the wheatbelt region of Western Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 12, no. 1 (1999): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb97038.

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Two new species of sequestrate (truffle-like fungi) Basidiomycetes of the putatively ectomycorrhizal genus Torrendia Bres. with contrasting basidiome morphology are described from remnant patches of eucalypt woodland in the wheatbelt of Western Australia: Torrendia grandis Bougher and Torrendia inculta Bougher.Like other species of Torrendia, they have basidiomes which develop and mature mostly underground but may break through to the soil surface at a late stage of maturity. The gleba of Torrendia species does not become powdery. A comparison of the main diagnostic features of all known taxa of Torrendiais provided. T. grandishas stocky basidiomes with an agaric-like pileus. T. inculta has a gleba which fragments during stipe elongation. The basidiome development of T. incultaisdescribed and illustrated, and some possible mechanisms of spore dispersal are discussed.

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Bell, Tina L., and Mark A. Adams. "Ecophysiology of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Pinus spp. in low rainfall areas of Western Australia." Plant Ecology (formerly Vegetatio) 171, no. 1/2 (2004): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:vege.0000029372.78102.9d.

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Glen, M., N. L. Bougher, I. J. Colquhoun, S. Vlahos, W. A. Loneragan, P. A. O’Brien, and G. E. St J. Hardy. "Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of rehabilitated bauxite mines and adjacent, natural jarrah forest in Western Australia." Forest Ecology and Management 255, no. 1 (February 2008): 214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.007.

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Lu, Xianheng, Nicholas Malajczuk, Mark Brundrett, and B. Dell. "Fruiting of putative ectomycorrhizal fungi under blue gum ( Eucalyptus globulus ) plantations of different ages in Western Australia." Mycorrhiza 8, no. 5 (March 12, 1999): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050242.

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MALAJCZUK, N., J. M. TRAPPE, and R. MOLINA. "Interrelationships among some ectomycorrhizal trees, hypogeous fungi and small mammals: Western Australian and northwestern American parallels." Austral Ecology 12, no. 1 (March 1987): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1987.tb00927.x.

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Brundrett, MC, and LK Abbott. "Roots of Jarrah Forest Plants .I. Mycorrhizal Associations of Shrubs and Herbaceous Plants." Australian Journal of Botany 39, no. 5 (1991): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9910445.

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This survey included 109 plants native to the jarrah forest (a mediterranean eucalypt woodland in south-western Australia dominated by Eucalyptus marginata and E. calophylla). Mycorrhizal formation by seedlings of these plants was examined after inoculation with isolates of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi, or after growth in intact cores of natural habitat soil containing VAM and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. These methods were supplemented by examining roots from mature forest-grown plants, so that different methods and criteria for designating mycorrhizal association types could be considered. Most plants had one of the following types of mycorrhizal association: VAM only (56% of species); both ECM and VAM (16% of species); or non-mycorrhizal roots (25% of species, which also had long root hairs and/or cluster roots). Plants with dual ECM/VAM associations often formed ECM more readily than VAM. With the exception of the large and diverse families, Papilionaceae, Myrtaceae and Anthericaceae, plants within a family had consistent mycorrhizal relations, as did the members of most genera.

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Dunstan, W. A., B. Dell, and N. Malajczuk. "The diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with introduced Pinus spp. in the Southern Hemisphere, with particular reference to Western Australia." Mycorrhiza 8, no. 2 (September 28, 1998): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050215.

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Brundrett, Mark, Nick Malajczuk, Gong Mingqin, Xu Daping, Shirley Snelling, and Bernie Dell. "Nursery inoculation of Eucalyptus seedlings in Western Australia and Southern China using spores and mycelial inoculum of diverse ectomycorrhizal fungi from different climatic regions." Forest Ecology and Management 209, no. 3 (May 2005): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.01.031.

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Johnson, C. N., and A. P. McIlwee. "Ecology of the Northern Bettong, Bettongia tropica, a Tropical Mycophagist." Wildlife Research 24, no. 5 (1997): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96034.

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The diet and seasonal ecology of the northern bettong, Bettongia tropica, was studied at three sites along a moisture gradient from closed Allocasuarina-Eucalyptus forest to dry open woodland in north-eastern Queensland. At each site, fungi (sporocarps of hypogeous ectomycorrhizal species) were the major food, and most of the remainder of the diet consisted of grass leaf and stem, roots and tubers, and lilies. Forbs and invertebrates were also eaten, but in small quantities. Fungus consumption was greatest at the wettest forest type and least at the driest site. Seasonal variation was insignificant except at the driest site, where fungus consumption peaked in the late wet season and dropped during the dry season; this seasonal fall in fungus consumption was associated with an increase in consumption of grass and roots and tubers. There was little seasonal variation in body condition, except at the driest site, where the dry-season decline in the proportional representation of fungus in the diet was associated with a decline in body condition. Breeding was continuous and aseasonal. B. tropica is found only in a narrow zone of sclerophyll forest along the western edge of wet tropical rainforest in north-eastern Queensland. We suggest that this species (like bettongs and potoroos in southern Australia) depends on hypogeous fungi, and that expansion of its geographical range into drier forest types is prevented by shortages of fungus during the dry season.

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Sapsford, Sarah J., Trudy Paap, Giles E. St J. Hardy, and Treena I. Burgess. "Anthropogenic Disturbance Impacts Mycorrhizal Communities and Abiotic Soil Properties: Implications for an Endemic Forest Disease." Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 3 (January 29, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2020.593243.

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In forest ecosystems, habitat fragmentation negatively impacts stand structure and biodiversity; the resulting fragmented patches of forest have distinct, disturbed edge habitats that experience different environmental conditions than the interiors of the fragments. In southwest Western Australia, there is a large-scale decline of the keystone tree species Corymbia calophylla following fragmentation and land use change. These changes have altered stand structure and increased their susceptibility to an endemic fungal pathogen, Quambalaria coyrecup, which causes chronic canker disease especially along disturbed forest habitats. However, the impacts of fragmentation on belowground processes in this system are not well-understood. We examined the effects of fragmentation on abiotic soil properties and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities, and whether these belowground changes were drivers of disease incidence. We collected soil from 17 sites across the distribution range of C. calophylla. Soils were collected across a gradient from disturbed, diseased areas to undisturbed, disease-free areas. We analysed soil nutrients and grew C. calophylla plants as a bioassay host. Plants were harvested and roots collected after 6 months of growth. DNA was extracted from the roots, amplified using fungal specific primers and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. Concentrations of key soil nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were much higher along the disturbed, diseased edges in comparison to undisturbed areas. Disturbance altered the community composition of ECM and AM fungi; however, only ECM fungal communities had lower rarefied richness and diversity along the disturbed, diseased areas compared to undisturbed areas. Accounting for effects of disturbance, ECM fungal diversity and leaf litter depth were highly correlated with increased disease incidence in C. calophylla. In the face of global change, increased virulence of an endemic pathogen has emerged in this Mediterranean-type forest.

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