Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ectomycorrhizal fungi

Academic literature on the topic 'Ectomycorrhizal fungi'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Ectomycorrhizal fungi"

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Sagara, Naohiko. "Association of ectomycorrhizal fungi with decomposed animal wastes in forest habitats: a cleaning symbiosis?" Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (December 31, 1995): 1423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-406.

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A new tripartite relationship among animals, fungi, and plants, based on formation of ectomycorrhiza and on removal of animal wastes, is described. In forest habitats where animal wastes such as urine or faeces or dead bodies, mainly of mammals, have been deposited, a particular group of fungi form reproductive structures successionally after the apparent decomposition of the wastes. This natural event can be simulated by application to the soil of urea, aqueous ammonia, or nitrogen compounds that release ammonia on decomposition. Both field observations and simulation experiments show that, when these events take place in forests of ectomycorrhizal trees, ectomycorrhizal fungi fruit during the late phase in the succession. Ectomycorrhizas are in fact observed in the soils colonized by these fungi. Among these fungi, Hebeloma spp., Laccaria spp., and a few others colonize commonly in various waste sites, while Hebeloma radicosum colonizes specifically in moles’ deserted middens (latrines) near their nests. The animals involved here as waste depositors or cadavers seem not to feed on the fungi and the plants but may depend on them for cleaning their own habitats, since mycorrhizas should readily remove products derived from wastes. The tripartite relationship described may be viewed as a cleaning symbiosis. Key words: animal waste, ammonia, postputrefaction fungi, Hebeloma, ectomycorrhiza, cleaning symbiosis.
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Wulandari, Arum Sekar, and Siti Jaenab. "Combination Between Root Pruning and Inoculation Time of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi on Improving Growth of Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L) Seedling PENGARUH KOMBINASI PEMANGKASAN AKAR DAN WAKTU INOKULASI FUNGI EKTOMIKORIZA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT MELINJO." Journal of Tropical Silviculture 7, no. 3 (January 11, 2017): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.7.3.217-222.

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The inoculation of ectomycorrhizal fungi that conducted after root pruning could increase the colonization of ectomycorrhizal fungi and growth of melinjo seedling. This research aimed to study the effect of root pruning and inoculation time of ectomycorrhizal fungi on the growth of melinjo seedlings (Gnetum gnemon L). The research were tested in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with 2 factors for 33 weeks. The first factor is the root pruning (no root pruning as a control, and root pruning 30%). The second factor is the time fungi inoculation (inoculation in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th week after root pruning). The combination of root pruning and inoculation time of ectomycorrhizal fungi effected to the growth of melinjo seedlings. The best growth obtained from combination (1) no root pruning and inoculated by ectomycorrhizal fungi in the 1st week, and (2) root pruning 30% and inoculated by ectomycorrhizal fungi in the 3rd week.Key words: ectomycorrhiza, Gnetum gnemon, inoculation time, root pruning, Scleroderma
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Reddell, Paul, Victoria Gordon, and Michael S. Hopkins. "Ectomycorrhizas in Eucalyptus tetrodonta and E. miniata Forest Communities in Tropical Northern Australia and their Role in the Rehabilitation of these Forests Following Mining." Australian Journal of Botany 47, no. 6 (1999): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt97126.

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The importance of ectomycorrhizas in Eucalyptus tetrodonta F.Muell. and E. miniata Cunn. ex Schauer dominated forests and woodland communities in the monsoonal tropics of northern Australia was assessed. Ectomycorrhizas colonised between 24 and 54% of final order lateral roots in soil cores collected at 16 native forest sites. Only a minority of the plant species present formed ectomycorrhizas (mainly eucalypts and acacias) but these species contributed more than 75% of the basal area. More than 70 species of putative ectomycorrhizal fungi were collected, with three hypogeous taxa (Nothocastoreum, Hysterangium and an undescribed Boletaceae) most frequently encountered. Glasshouse inoculation experiments confirmed that a diverse range of fungi was capable of forming ectomycorrhizas with E. tetrodonta and E. miniata seedlings, and that the growth of both species could be substantially increased by inoculation with specific fungi. The fungi most effective in increasing seedling growth were generally those which most extensively colonised the seedling roots. A second component of this study investigated the requirements for ectomycorrhizal fungi in native forest rehabilitation following mining. Ectomycorrhizal infectivity was low in disturbed soils and mine spoil materials, with the intensity of disturbance and the presence of regrowth vegetation key determinants of the level of infectivity. Inoculation of seedlings of E. miniata with spores of ectomycorrhizal fungi increased both growth and leaf phosphorus concentrations by between two- and three-fold at 7 months after planting out on a waste rock dump devoid of native ectomycorrhizal propagules. The application of these findings to minesite rehabilitation in the region, and the feasibility of using spores for broad-scale inoculation, are discussed.
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Wilson, Andrew W., Erik A. Hobbie, and David S. Hibbett. "The ectomycorrhizal status of Calostoma cinnabarinum determined using isotopic, molecular, and morphological methods." Canadian Journal of Botany 85, no. 4 (April 2007): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b07-026.

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Calostoma cinnabarinum Corda belongs to the suborder Sclerodermatineae (Boletales), which includes many well-known ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes, but the genus Calostoma has been described as saprotrophic. This study combines isotopic, molecular, and morphological techniques to determine the mode of nutrition of C. cinnabarinum. δ13C and δ15N measurements were compared among co-occurring C. cinnabarinum, ectomycorrhizal fungi, saprotrophic fungi, and ectomycorrhizal plants. Isotopic profiles of C. cinnabarinum resembled those of ectomycorrhizal fungi but not those of saprotrophic fungi. For molecular analyses, ectomycorrhizal root tips were extracted from soil cores collected beneath C. cinnabarinum fruit bodies. Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) sequences were obtained from ectomycorrhizal root tips using fungal-specific primers and screened against C. cinnabarinum nrITS sequences. Ectomycorrhizal root tips had nrITS sequences that matched C. cinnabarinum fruiting bodies. Root tips colonized by C. cinnabarinum were also described morphologically. Several morphological characters were shared between fruiting bodies and ectomycorrhizal root tips of C. cinnabarinum. Results of isotopic, molecular, and morphological analyses indicate that C. cinnabarinum is ectomycorrhizal. Molecular analysis and observations of plant associations suggest that C. cinnabarinum forms ectomycorrhizae with Quercus .
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Kropp, Bradley R., and Charles-Gilles Langlois. "Ectomycorrhizae in reforestation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 438–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-061.

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In view of the possible applications of ectomycorrhizae to forestry, this paper discusses the important functions of ectomycorrhizae, the conditions affecting their formation, and methods for the production and application of inoculum. A rationale for selecting appropriate ectomycorrhizal fungi and considerations in selecting sites where ectomycorrhizal seedlings should be planted are presented. Suggestions are also made on encouraging the use of ectomycorrhizal technology. A cost–benefit analysis of inoculation is done.
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Samson, Julie, and J. A. Fortin. "Ectomycorrhizal fungi of Larix laricina and the interspecific and intraspecific variation in response to temperature." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 3020–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-399.

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The ability of tamarack to form ectomycorrhizae with different fungi was investigated by using a pouch technique. Ninety-one out of 109 fungal isolates from 25 different species formed ectomycorrhizae on larch seedlings. Tamarack displays strong specificity for ectomycorrhizal fungi identified as sporocarp-specific to larch under field conditions: Suillus grevillei, S. cavipes. Fuscoboletinus aeruginascens, F. spectabilis, F. paluster, and F. grisellus. These fungal species induced more rapid and extensive ectomycorrhizal development in growth pouches than the other less specialized fungi. Radial growth rates on Petri dishes of isolates of these six bolete species were observed at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C, to study interspecific and intraspecific variation. The results demonstrated strong intraspecific variations and suggest a great genetic variability of the physiological activity within ectomycorrhizal species. Interspecific comparisons, however, revealed that some species possessed characteristic behaviours in response to temperature. As compared with a "high-temperature fungus," Pisolithus tinctorius, the bolete species showed distinct adaptations and tolerances to low and high temperatures. No consistent relationship was established between geographical origin of the fungal isolates and their growth rates. The results are discussed in relation to the selection of ectomycorrhizal fungi potentially used inoculum in forestry practice.
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Ronikier, Michał, and Piotr Mleczko. "Observations on the mycorrhizal status of Polygonum viviparum in the Polish Tatra Mts. (Western Carpathians)." Acta Mycologica 41, no. 2 (December 23, 2013): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2006.023.

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<em>Polygonum viviparum</em> is one of very few herbaceous plants known to form ectomycorrhiza; in the Tatra Mts. it is one of dominants in the alpine zone, but also descends down to the feet of the massif. Specimens of this plant were collected from 5 sites at the altitude range 900– 2150 m, from granite and limestone. It allowed an estimation of the ectomycorrhizal diversity as well as preliminary ecological observations. Roots were also stained in order to check potential presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. Ectomycorrhizae were present in all specimens (with 2–5 morphotypes observed on single plants). In total, 17 morphotypes were observed and briefly described. The most widespread were the mycorrhiza of <em>Cenococcum geophilum<em> and a brightly coloured morphotype resembling the ectomycorrhizae of <em>Russula</em> sp. No important differences in ectomycorrhizal colonization between low and high localities were found. Observed general differences in abundance and diversity of mycorrhiza in <em>P. viviparum</em> between sites could most probably be connected with plant community composition (presence/absence of ectomycorrhizal shrubs maintaining ectomycorrhizal fungi), although mycorrhizae were present also in sites devoid of other ectomycorrhizal plants. Structures associated to arbuscular colonization (vesicles, hyphal coils) were occassionally observed, but without formation of arbuscules.
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Cullings, Kenneth W., Detlev R. Vogler, Virgil T. Parker, and Sara Katherine Finley. "Ectomycorrhizal Specificity Patterns in a MixedPinus contorta and Picea engelmannii Forest in Yellowstone National Park." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 11 (November 1, 2000): 4988–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.11.4988-4991.2000.

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ABSTRACT We used molecular genetic methods to test two hypotheses, (i) that host plant specificity among ectomycorrhizal fungi would be common in a closed-canopy, mixed Pinus contorta-Picea engelmanniiforest in Yellowstone National Park and (ii) that specificity would be more common in the early successional tree species, P. contorta, than in the invader, P. engelmannii. We identified 28 ectomycorrhizal fungal species collected from 27 soil cores. The proportion of P. engelmannii to P. contorta ectomycorrhizae was nearly equal (52 and 48%, respectively). Of the 28 fungal species, 18 composed greater than 95% of the fungal community. No species was associated exclusively withP. contorta, but four species, each found in only one core, and one species found in two cores were associated exclusively withP. engelmannii. These fungi composed less than 5% of the total ectomycorrhizae. Thus, neither hypothesis was supported, and hypothesized benefits of ectomycorrhizal specificity to both trees and fungi probably do not exist in this system.
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Hutchison, Leonard J., and Yves Piché. "Effects of exogenous glucose on mycorrhizal colonization in vitro by early-stage and late-stage ectomycorrhizal fungi." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 898–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-098.

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Under aseptic conditions, seedlings of 12 common tree species found in eastern Canada (Alnus rugosa, Betula papyrifera, Betula alleghaniensis, Abies balsamea, Tsuga Canadensis, Pinus strobes, Pinus resinosa, Pinus banksiana, Larix laricina, Picea glauca, Picea mariana, and Picea rubens) were inoculated with 10 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi (Piloderma bicolour, Lactarius thyinos, Lactarius subpurpureus, Lactarius torminosus, Hebeloma longicaudum, Cenococcum geophilum, Suillus sinuspaulianus, Suillus tomentosus, Leccinum holopus, and Boletinus paluster) in the absence or presence of exogenous glucose (2 g/L). Early-stage ectomycorrhizal colonizers with a broad host range (e.g., H. longicaudum) appeared to be less dependent upon the exogenous carbohydrate supply for successful formation of ectomycorrhizae than were host-specific late-stage ectomycorrhizal colonizers (e.g., Lactarius subpurpureus). Further investigations revealed, however, that while levels of exogenous glucose (1.0 and 10.0 g/L) increased mycelial growth of late-stage ectomycorrhizal colonizers, a detrimental effect on the growth of the seedlings took place in the presence of these fungi, rather than a concurrent increase in colonization and infection of the host roots. It is suggested that secondary fungal metabolites toxic to the plants are released as a consequence of increased mycelial growth in response to an increase in glucose concentrations. Thus, when dealing with late-stage ectomycorrhizal colonizers and host plants in mycorrhizal synthesis experiments, the exogenous glucose concentration is critical. Key words: early-stage fungi, late-stage fungi, ectomycorrhizae, glucose, root colonization, fungal metabolites.
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Horton, Thomas R., Thomas D. Bruns, and V. Thomas Parker. "Ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Arctostaphylos contribute to Pseudotsuga menziesii establishment." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 1 (June 1, 1999): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-208.

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Chaparral on the central coast of California can occur as relatively stable patches of ectomycorrhizal Arctostaphylos directly adjacent to arbuscular mycorrhizal Adenostoma. Vegetation surveys and seedling survival assays show that Pseudotsuga establishes only in Arctostaphylos. We found no significant differences between Arctostaphylos and Adenostoma in allelopathy; light; temperature; or soil NH4+, NO3-, or K. Arctostaphylos soils tended to be higher in phosphate and were lower in pH, Ca, Mg, Ni, and Cr than those from Adenostoma. After 1 year of growth of Pseudotsuga seedlings in an Arctostaphylos patch, 17 species of fungi colonized both Pseudotsuga and Arctostaphylos. Fifty-six of 66 seedlings were colonized by fungi that also colonized Arctostaphylos within the same soil core. Forty-nine percent of the Pseudotsuga ectomycorrhizal biomass was colonized by fungi that were also associated with Arctostaphylos within the same core. Another 12% was colonized by fungi known to associate with Arctostaphylos from different cores. After 4 months of growth, Pseudotsuga seedlings in four of five Arctostaphylos plots were ectomycorrhizal and colonized by fungi in Russulaceae, Thelephoraceae, and Amanitaceae. Pseudotsuga seedlings in two of five Adenostoma plots were ectomycorrhizal but colonized by only two species of fungi in Thelephoraceae. These results provide compelling evidence that ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Arctostaphylos contribute to Pseudotsuga seedling establishment.Key words: arbutoid, Douglas-fir, ectomycorrhizae, manzanita, RFLP, PCR.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ectomycorrhizal fungi"

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Prendergast-Miller, Miranda T. "The role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in denitrification." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=56282.

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Rasanayagam, Maretta Sharima. "Inhibitory effects of ectomycorrhizal fungi on other soil fungi." Thesis, University of Kent, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332661.

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Rosling, Anna. "Responses of ectomycorrhizal fungi to mineral substrates /." Uppsala : Dept. of Forest Mycology and Pathology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/s296.pdf.

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Husted, Lynn. "Low soil temperature and efficacy of ectomycorrhizal fungi." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30930.

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The influence of root-zone temperature on the efficacy of various ectomycorrhizal fungi, i.e., their ability: (1) to colonize roots in a nursery environment, (2) to persist and colonize new roots in the field and (3) to improve the growth, nutrition, and physiology of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings, was examined in controlled environment experiments using water baths to regulate root-zone temperature. Eight-week-old non-mycorrhizal seedlings were inoculated with 13 different inocula (1 forest floor inoculum, 12 specific fungi), then transplanted into 6, 16, or 26°C peat:vermiculite mixes for 8 weeks. Maximum root colonization occurred at 16°C for most inocula. The 6°C mix strongly reduced mycorrhiza formation with only 8 of the 13 inocula forming any mycorrhizae during the 8-week test period. Primary infection from ectomycorrhizal propagules (spores and hyphal fragments) was reduced more than was secondary infection from established mycorrhizae; once established, all inocula colonized new roots in 6°C forest soil. Fall-lifted cold-stored seedlings infected with 8 inocula (forest floor, 7 specific fungi) were planted into 6 and 12°C forest soil mixtures with or without indigenous ectomycorrhiza inoculum. Survival and colonization of new roots by inoculant fungi was good (> 50%) for the 12-week test duration despite the significant potential for infection by indigenous inoculum. High persistence appeared to be due to successful (>75%) root colonization by the inoculant fungi in the nursery production phase, to the relative weakness of ectomycorrhizal propagules (spores and hyphal fragments) compared with live ectomycorrhizal attachments, and to the favorable pattern of lateral root egress from the container plug after planting. Colonization of new roots by established mycorrhizae showed an effect of soil temperature in the presence, but not the absence, of indigenous inoculum. Percent new root colonization by inoculant fungi was lower in the 12°C forest soil. Rapid extension of lateral roots in the 12°C soil increased the likelihood that short roots initiated near the tips of elongating roots would be infected by indigenous fungi. There was no evidence of active or passive interactive replacement between inoculant and indigenous fungi. However, Hebeloma crustuliniforme appeared to inhibit mycorrhizal formation by indigenous fungi; roots not infected by this fungus remained non-mycorrhizal. Application of slow-release fertilizer reduced new root colonization by E-strain but had no effect on colonization by H. crustuliniforme or indigenous forest floor fungi. Non-inoculated seedlings (controls) and seedlings inoculated with 5 different inocula (forest floor, 4 specific fungi) were planted in 6 and 12°C forest soil for 3 weeks. Inoculation influenced the rate at which seedlings acclimated to the 6°C soil with respect to resistance to water flow and net photosynthetic rate, but had no effect on pre-dawn stomatal conductance. Differences among inoculation treatments were related to the size and nutritional status of seedlings at the time of transplanting. Seedlings infected with Laccaria bicolor or E-strain exhibited the least decrease in resistance to water flow due to the relatively small size (dry weight, short root number) of their root systems at the time of transplanting. Net photosynthetic rate and new foliage production correlated positively with shoot N and P (% dry weight) and the proportion of total seedling N and P contained in shoot tissues at the time of planting. Non-inoculated seedlings (controls) and seedlings inoculated with forest floor or 5 specific fungi were planted in 6 and 12°C forest soil for 12 weeks. The presence of "any" mycorrhiza at the time of transplanting did not improve seedling growth under the experimental conditions (i.e., cool, acidic soils with an indigenous ectomycorrhizal fungal population). On average, mycorrhizal infection increased N and P uptake at 12°C but not at 6°C. Growth response to specific fungi was very variable with some fungi depressing seedlings growth (e.g., E-strain and H. crustuliniforme) and others strongly promoting it (forest floor inoculum, L. bicolour, Thelephora terrestris). Seedling response to the various inocula was not related to the degree of mycorrhizal infection at the time of planting nor to the source of inocula; but was associated with differences in the content and distribution of nutrients at the time of transplanting and differences in total nutrient uptake, root efficiency, nutrient-use efficiency and net photosynthetic rate after transplanting. Root efficiency was not proportional to the number of short roots per unit root or to the amount of external mycelium attached to the various mycorrhizae. Implications for applied forestry and research are discussed in the final chapter.
Forestry, Faculty of
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Nygren, Cajsa. "Functional diversity in nutrient acquisition by ectomycorrhizal fungi /." Uppsala : Dept. of Forest Mycology and Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200854.pdf.

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Valentine, Lori Lisa. "The biodiversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Quercus garryana /." View full-text version online through Southern Oregon Digital Archives, 2002. http://soda.sou.edu/awdata/040226b1.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Southern Oregon University, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 37-43). Also available via Internet as PDF file through Southern Oregon Digital Archives: http://soda.sou.edu. Search Bioregion Collection.
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Jonsson, Lena. "Community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Swedish boreal forests /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1998. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1998/91-576-5609-6.gif.

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Howard, Kay. "The effect of the fungicide phosphite on ectomycorrhizal fungi." Thesis, Howard, Kay ORCID: 0000-0003-3977-1243 (2001) The effect of the fungicide phosphite on ectomycorrhizal fungi. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2001. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/3215/.

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In Western Australia, the fungicide phosphite is being applied to selected native plant communities in order to reduce the impact of the root and collar rot pathogen, Phytophthora cinnamomi. The effect of this fungicide on the growth and function of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi and their mycorrhizas was unknown. Taking the hypothesis that phosphite has a deleterious effect on mycorrhizal fungi, this study explored potential detrimental effects of phosphite on early colonising ectomycorrhizal fungi. Ten isolates of Scleroderma and Pisolithus from Western Australia, isolated from a range of host plants. These isolates were partnered with Agonis flexuosa, Melaleuca scabra, Eucalyptus globulus, E. sieberi and four clonal lines of E. marginata (jarrah) in vitro. The isolates that formed a mantle, Hartig net and epidermal cell elongation characteristic of a successful symbiosis, were chosen for further studies on two contrasting E. marginata clonal lines, that were resistant or susceptible to P. cinnamomi. Foliar drenching with phosphite induced different responses in the two clonal lines when they were non-mycorrhizal. Phosphite decreased root production in the resistant clone, and increased the number of plantlets that produced roots in the susceptible clonal line. Generally, 3 g phosphite/L reduced the host response to mycorrhizal infection, and mycorrhizas reduced root responses to phosphite compared to those seen in non-mycorrhizal plants. To determine if phosphite could have a direct inhibitory effect on the hyphae of ECM fungi, three isolates of Laccaria, Scleroderma and Pisolithus were grown in pure culture, on media containing a range of phosphite and phosphate concentrations. The biomass of Laccaria generally decreased as phosphite concentration increased at low phosphate concentrations. As phosphate concentration increased, the biomass of each Laccaria isolate generally increased irrespective of phosphite concentration. In hyphae of the three isolates of Laccaria, the increasing concentrations of phosphate in the media resulted in significant accumulation of phosphate. In two isolates, external phosphite supply had no effect on phosphate uptake. Scleroderma and Pisolithus tolerated the same concentration of phosphite as phosphate, while Laccaria was more sensitive to phosphite. There was a significant difference in growth between Laccaria isolates, while there was less variation between isolates of Scleroderma and Pisolithus. Scleroderma was most sensitive with two isolates being killed by 40 mM and the third being killed by 100 mM phosphite, while 120 – 140 mM phosphite was fungicidal to Laccaria and Pisolithus isolates. In the glasshouse, non-mycorrhizal seedlings of E. marginata, E. globulus and A. flexuosa were sprayed to run-off with 0 to 10 g phosphite/L, and then planted into soil naturally infested with early colonising mycorrhizal species. Phosphite had no effect on the percentage of roots infected with mycorrhizal fungi. In another experiment, E. globulus seedlings ectomycorrhizal with Scleroderma, Pisolithus and Descolea were treated with 0 to 10 g phosphite/L and infection of new roots by ectomycorrhizal fungi was assessed. At the recommended rate (5 g phosphite/L), phosphite had no effect on ectomycorrhizal formation, while at 10 g/L phosphite decreased infection by Descolea by 15%. An in vitro study was undertaken on a clonal line of E. marginata to determine if the foliar application of 3 g phosphite/L had any effect on the ability of Scleroderma and Pisolithus spores to germinate and infect roots. There was no significant difference in the percentage of infected primary and lateral root tips in phosphite and control plants inoculated with Scleroderma or Pisolithus spores. To determine if the soluble and cell wall bound peroxidases and phenolics involved in host defence responses are affected by phosphite treatment of the host, a series of interactions with E. marginata, ECM fungi and P. cinnamomi were examined. Phosphite significantly reduced P. cinnamomi lesion length in all mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal treatments and altered static peroxidase activity and phenolic concentrations in the roots of all non-mycorrhizal plants. Phosphite did not induce changes in peroxidase activity or phenolic concentration in roots of the susceptible clone when in indirect contact with Pisolithus. However, there was a general increase in peroxidase activity and phenolic concentration in roots of the resistant clone in the presence of Pisolithus and P. cinnamomi. In contrast, phosphite decreased peroxidase activity in the susceptible clone in the presence of Scleroderma and had no effect on soluble or cell wall bound phenolics. Phosphite did not alter peroxidase activity or phenolic concentration in roots of the resistant clone challenged by P. cinnamomi in the presence of either Scleroderma or Pisolithus. In contrast, phosphite significantly increased peroxidase activity, and decreased soluble phenolic concentration in the roots of the susceptible clone in the presence of Pisolithus. A glasshouse trial examined the effect of foliar applied phosphite (3 g/L) on P. cinnamomi infection of roots of mycorrhizal E. marginata plants. Laccaria, Scleroderma and Pisolithus mycorrhiza were established with seedlings and a P. cinnamomi susceptible clonal line of E. marginata prior to phosphite treatment. P. cinnamomi zoospores were inoculated to the root zone 10 days after phosphite application. P. cinnamomi was recovered from 84% and 52% of the untreated seedlings and clonal plants respectively, whether they were ectomycorrhizal or not. By contrast, in phosphite treated plants, P. cinnamomi was recovered in 10% of seedlings and 6% of clonal plants. There was no difference in P. cinnamomi recovery between mycorrhizal types in seedlings and clonal plants. More P. cinnamomi was recovered from mycorrhizal than non-mycorrhizal clonal plants. There was no correlation between the extent of mycorrhizal fungal colonisation and the percentage of P. cinnamomi infected roots in clonal plants or seedlings. Overall conclusions Although only a few ECM fungi and host species were examined in this study, it appears that phosphite, when used at the recommended rate (5 g/L), may not have a detrimental effect on ECM formation. The concentration of phosphite that is fungicidal to ECM fungi in vitro is generally in excess of levels that would be found in treated plant tissues. However, when the recommended rate was exceeded it was shown that phosphite significantly decreased infection by Descolea. This study has shown that there is variation between genera of ECM fungi, host plants, type of plant (clonal material or seedlings) in response to phosphite. However, this study did not take into account differing phosphate concentrations and its effect on phosphite and mycorrhizal interactions, which would further increase these variations. This demonstrates that generalisations cannot be made on the effect of phosphite on ECM fungi and ECM plants.
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Wilkinson, Anna. "The significance of genetic diversity for ectomycorrhizal fungal productivity and CO₂ efflux." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.600050.

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Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi play key functional roles in forest ecosystems; they are fundamental to the health and nutrition of their plant partners and they cycle vast amounts of photosynthetically fixed carbon (C) through the soil. They also form diverse belowground communities, yet to date only a few studies have tested the effects of EM diversity on host plant responses, with belowground C flux effects remaining ignored. This thesis investigated how increasing species and genotypic richness affected the productivity and CO2 efflux of EM fungal mycelium grown in pure culture, and examined whether similar patterns between diversity and respiration were found in the field. Furthermore, the response of soil respiration to additions of increasingly diverse EM necromass was tested. Results from in vitro studies revealed that not only did productivity and respiration change significantly, but genotype richness also had strong effects on these processes. Biodiversity effects were driven by a combination of selection effects (dominance by a species) and complementarity effects (niche partitioning/complementary resource use). Furthermore, variation in productivity and CO2 efflux between individuals was large, and in some cases differences between genotypes was as great, if not greater, than between species. Strikingly, not only did the addition of EM fungal necromass to soil rapidly enhance respiration above that produced by unamended controls, but CO2 efflux also increased dramatically with increasing necromass richness. The relationship between species richness and soil CO2 efflux in the field was not as pronounced, although further work is needed to distinguish between sources of soil CO2 efflux variation in the field and to address confounding factors. This PhD thesis stresses the importance of diversity for soil C cycling in both living and decomposing EM fungi, and it supports calls to consider fine scale phylogenetic information about microbial communities when testing the effects of diversity on ecosystem processes.
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Phosri, Cherdchai. "Characterization and development of tropical gasteromycete fungi in ectomycorrhizal associations." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402861.

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Books on the topic "Ectomycorrhizal fungi"

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Cairney, John W. G., and Susan M. Chambers, eds. Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Key Genera in Profile. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06827-4.

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Jonsson, Lena. Community strusture of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Swedish boreal forests. Uppsala: Sedish University of Agriculture Sciences, 1998.

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O'Neill, Cathy. An evaluation of in vitro methods for the production of ectomycorrhizal fungus inoculum. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1995.

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Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), ed. The importance and conservation of ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity in forest ecosystems: Lessons from Europe and the Pacific northwest. [Portland, Or.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1998.

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Dennis, J. J. Effect of pH and temperature on in vitro growth of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Victoria, B.C: Pacific Forestry Centre, 1985.

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McGuire, Krista L., Amadou M. Bâ, and Abdala G. Diédhiou. Ectomycorrhizal symbioses in tropical and neotropical forests. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Krupa, Piotr. Ektomikoryzy i ich znaczenie dla drzew rosnących na terenach zanieczyszczonych metalami ciężkimi. Katowice: Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 2004.

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Kost, David A. Leaf conductance, transpiration rates, and leaf abscission of water-stressed northern red oak seedlings inoculated with various ectomycorrhizal fungi. S.l: s.n, 1985.

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K, Ingleby, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, and Natural Environment Research Council (Great Britain), eds. Identification of ectomycorrhizas. London: HMSO, 1990.

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Homola, Richard L. Ectomycorrhizae of Maine.: With additional information on edibility. Orono, Me: University of Maine at Orono, Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ectomycorrhizal fungi"

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Javeed, Hafiz Muhammad Rashad, Mazhar Ali, Muhammad Shahid Ibni Zamir, Rafi Qamar, Muhammad Mubeen, Atique-ur-Rehman, Muhammad Shahzad, Samina Khalid, and Ayman EL Sabagh. "Ectomycorrhizal Fungi." In Biofertilizers for Sustainable Soil Management, 197–207. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003286233-11.

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Trappe, James M., and Ari Jumpponen. "Taxonomy of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi." In Biotechnology of Ectomycorrhizae, 25–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1889-1_2.

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Domínguez-Núñez, José Alfonso. "Ectomycorrhizal Fungi as Biofertilizers." In Bioprospects of Macrofungi, 371–83. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003343806-23.

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Erland, S., and A. F. S. Taylor. "Resupinate Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Genera." In Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Key Genera in Profile, 347–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06827-4_15.

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Lemke, P. A., N. K. Singh, and U. A. Temann. "Genetic Transformation of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi." In Mycorrhiza, 137–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08897-5_7.

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Satyanarayana, T., Vandana Gupta, and Sandeep Garg. "Ectomycorrhizal fungi as experimental organisms." In Concepts in Mycorrhizal Research, 333–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1124-1_12.

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Gupta, Vandana, and T. Satyanarayana. "Molecular Genetics of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi." In Mycorrhizal Biology, 119–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4265-0_8.

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Lemke, P. A., N. K. Singh, and U. A. Temann. "Genetic Transformation of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi." In Mycorrhiza, 133–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03779-9_6.

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Mello, Antonietta, Elisa Zampieri, and Raffaella Balestrini. "Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Their Applications." In Plant Microbes Symbiosis: Applied Facets, 315–26. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2068-8_16.

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Kemppainen, Minna J., and Alejandro G. Pardo. "RNA Silencing in Ectomycorrhizal Fungi." In Diversity and Biotechnology of Ectomycorrhizae, 177–206. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15196-5_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ectomycorrhizal fungi"

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Wang, Meiyuan, Baoshan Yang, Hui Wang, Yidan Zhu, Xinlei Cao, and Yingrui Yuan. "Functioning Mechanisms of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Ectomycorrhiza Associated with Plant in the Tolerance to Heavy Metal Toxicity." In IEEA 2020: 2020 The 9th International Conference on Informatics, Environment, Energy and Applications. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3386762.3386776.

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Balogh-Brunstad, Zsuzsanna. "MINERAL ALTERATIONS BY ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN RESPONSE TO WATER AND NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-381136.

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