Academic literature on the topic 'Ectoenzyme activities'

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Journal articles on the topic "Ectoenzyme activities"

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Ammerman, JW, and WB Glover. "Continuous underway measurement of microbial ectoenzyme activities in aquatic ecosystems." Marine Ecology Progress Series 201 (2000): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps201001.

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Orcutt, KM, K. Gundersen, and JW Ammerman. "Intense ectoenzyme activities associated with Trichodesmium colonies in the Sargasso Sea." Marine Ecology Progress Series 478 (March 25, 2013): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps10153.

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Sala, M. M., and H. Güde. "Development of microbial ectoenzyme activities in littoral sediments of Lake Constance." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 25, no. 1 (September 1993): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1992.11900211.

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Chen, X., and J. D. Catravas. "PMA-activated neutrophils decrease pulmonary endothelial ectoenzyme activities in perfused rabbit lungs." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 263, no. 6 (December 1, 1992): L650—L656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1992.263.6.l650.

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We have studied the effects of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 15 micrograms) on pulmonary endothelial ectoenzyme [angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and 5'-nucleotidase (NCT)] function in isolated rabbit lungs perfused in situ with platelet-poor (PPP) or platelet-rich (PRP) plasma in the presence or absence of neutrophils. Enzyme activities were estimated from the hydrolysis of the substrates [3H]benzoyl-Phe-Ala-Pro ([3H]BPAP) by ACE and 14C-labeled AMP by NCT during a single transpulmonary passage, using indicator-dilution techniques. In all treatment groups PMA produced a delayed increase in pulmonary vascular resistance to about three times the control value. PMA alone [in lungs perfused with PPP (n = 5 animals) or PRP (n = 6)] or neutrophils alone (in PPP-perfused lungs, n = 5) had no effect on enzyme activity. However, PMA-activated neutrophils (n = 5) decreased percent metabolism (%M) of [3H]BPAP from 87 +/- 3 to 77 +/- 4% (30 min after PMA), and the apparent first-order parameter [ratio of maximum activity to Michaelis constant (Amax/Km)] for ACE from 821 +/- 114 to 613 +/- 61 ml/min (30 min after PMA). At the same time, Km values of BPAP for ACE and AMP for NCT were elevated from 9.2 +/- 2.2 to 19.3 +/- 3 microM and 6.7 +/- 1.2 to 15.1 +/- 3.6 microM, respectively, whereas Amax (product of enzyme mass and rate of product formation, thus an index of perfused microvascular surface area) did not change.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Boyle, J. M., Y. Hey, and M. Fox. "Nucleotide ectoenzyme activities of human and Chinese hamster fibroblasts in tissue culture." Biochemical Genetics 27, no. 11-12 (December 1989): 655–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02396058.

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Chen, X., M. Tzanela, M. K. Baumgartner, J. R. McCormick, and J. D. Catravas. "PMA-activated neutrophils decrease ectoenzyme activities in rabbit aortic endothelial cells in culture." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 263, no. 6 (December 1, 1992): L657—L663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1992.263.6.l657.

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We have studied the effects of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-activated neutrophils [polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)] on endothelial ectoenzyme [angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and 5'-nucleotidase (NCT)] activities in cultured rabbit aortic endothelial cells (EC) with the use of [3H]benzoyl-Phe-Ala-Pro and 14C-labeled AMP as substrates, respectively, under first-order reaction conditions. PMA (1–1,000 ng/ml) or PMN alone had no effect on ACE activity. When PMA was incubated together with PMN (PMN/EC = 1.25:1 or 2.5 x 10(5) neutrophils/ml) for 4 h in Earle's salts, a PMA dose-dependent decrease in ACE activity was observed. Threshold PMA concentration was 2 ng/ml. At 8 ng PMA/ml, ACE activity was totally abolished, without any evidence of cytotoxicity, as inferred from release of 51Cr from prelabeled EC. The decrease in ACE activity was also dependent on PMN concentration and was detectable at PMN/EC values as low as 1.25:10 (0.25 x 10(5) PMN/ml). Inhibition of ACE occurred as early as 1 h after incubation (PMA 10 ng/ml, PMN/EC = 1.25:1). PMA alone caused a small but significant increase in NCT activity, whereas PMA coincubation with PMN produced a significant decrease in NCT activity (20–29%), which was PMA and PMN concentration independent. PMA increased PMN adherence to endothelial monolayers in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreating PMN with monoclonal antibody 60.3 (raised against the adhesion glycoprotein CD18) or placing a 2-microns filter between PMN and EC, protected the decrease in ACE activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Morell, Andreas, Gabriele Losa, Stephan Carrel, Didier Heumann, and Vladimir E. Von Fliedner. "Determination of ectoenzyme activities in leukemic cells and in established hematopoietic cell lines." American Journal of Hematology 21, no. 3 (March 1986): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajh.2830210308.

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Papapetropoulos, A., L. A. Elmore, and J. D. Catravas. "Relationship between volume of bathing medium and ectoenzyme activity in monolayers of cultured BPAEC." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 271, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): L464—L469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1996.271.3.l464.

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It is unclear whether all or a fraction of the capillary plasma volume (Vcp) serves as the reaction volume (Vr) for pulmonary capillary endothelial ectoenzymes, in vivo. Cultured endothelial cell (EC) monolayers provide a convenient model for studying EC-bound enzyme-Vr relationships. Because the Michaelis-Menten parameter [maximum velocity of enzyme reaction (Vmax) = E x kcat/Vr, where E is enzyme mass and kcat is the constant of product formation] is inversely proportional to Vr, we hypothesized that increasing the volume of medium (Vm) bathing EC monolayers would proportionally reduce the calculated Vmax (or Vmax/K(m), where K(m) is the Michaelis constant) values of an ectoenzyme reacting with a substrate only if, and as long as, Vm = Vr. To test this hypothesis, studies were performed in bovine pulmonary arterial EC grown to confluence. Activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and 5'-nucleotidase (NCT) were assayed in Earle's balanced salts solution utilizing [3H]benzoyl-Phe-Ala-Pro ([3H]BPAP) and 5'-[14C]AMP as substrates, respectively. Under first-order reaction conditions and at constant substrate concentrations ([BPAP] = 15 nM, [AMP] = 1 microM), Vmax/K(m) ratios of ACE and NCT declined to 20% of their original values, as Vm increased from 0.6 to 2 ml. ACE activity was also studied at constant substrate mass (BPAP = 7 pmol) under first-order reaction conditions. Again, enzyme activity (Vmax/K(m)) declined proportionally to increasing Vm. Under zero-order reaction conditions ([BPAP] = 250 microM), ACE activity (Vmax) was similarly related to Vm. Linear regression analyses revealed that ACE or NCT would recognize up to at least 3 ml Vm, a volume vastly exceeding that of Vcp in a section of the capillary bed composed of an equivalent number of ECs, thus suggesting that Vcp could serve as the reaction volume for pulmonary capillary EC ectoenzymes in vivo.
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Fukuda, Rumi, Yoshiki Sohrin, Nobue Saotome, Hideki Fukuda, Toshi Nagata, and Isao Koike. "East-west gradient in ectoenzyme activities in the subarctic Pacific: Possible regulation by zinc." Limnology and Oceanography 45, no. 4 (June 2000): 930–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2000.45.4.0930.

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Sala, MM, M. Karner, L. Arin, and C. Marrasé. "Measurement of ectoenzyme activities as an indication of inorganic nutrient imbalance in microbial communities." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 23 (2001): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame023301.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ectoenzyme activities"

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Falconi, Claus Francois. "Complex water column nutrient dynamics in the Gulf of Trieste; freshwater nutrient discharge Vs biologicallly mediated cycling of dissolved organic matter." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3172.

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2007/2008
Il Golfo di Trieste, localizzato nella parte più settentrionale ed orientale del bacino Adriatico, rappresenta un’area peculiare per le sue caratteristiche geomorfologiche, oceanografiche e biologiche. In quest’area, in particolare, insistono diverse attività economiche che vanno dalla maricoltura al turismo e pertanto i problemi legati alla qualità ambientale sono oltremodo diversificati: da un lato è importante che la trofia del sistema supporti lo sviluppo e la crescita dei molluschi allevati e dall’altro la fruizione delle acque per la balneazione richiede requisiti di qualità precisi e stabiliti dalle normative europee. Alla base di qualsiasi approccio gestionale all’ambiente marino costiero è comunque necessario conoscere la dinamica dei composti che stanno alla base della rete alimentare e che rappresentano anche importanti segnali di apporti antropici al sistema. I nutrienti, siano essi nella forma inorganica o in quella organica, regolano le dinamiche trofiche dell’ecosistema costiero e sono oltremodo concentrati in prossimità di scarichi urbani o nelle acque a bassa salinità frutto del mescolamento tra fiume e mare. Nonostante i numerosi e approfonditi studi sull’ecosistema del Golfo di Trieste, la dinamica dei nutrienti è stata poco approfondita, soprattutto in relazione alla frazione organica. La ricerca svolta nell’ambito di questo dottorato ha avuto come obiettivi principali: La valutazione delle dinamiche spaziali e temporali della concentrazione dei macronutrienti, nella forma inorganica ed organica, nelle acque del Golfo di Trieste La verifica del ruolo degli apporti fluviali e antropici sulla loro disponibilità La comprensione dell'importanza delle attività microbiche di rimineralizzazione sulla disponibilità degli stessi. Il protocollo sperimentale ha previsto l'analisi di campioni d'acqua prelevati mensilmente in 9 stazioni del Golfo, nel periodo 2004-2008. Nella stazione storica C1 il campionamento è stato intensificato per meglio valutare le dinamiche temporali esplorando la variabilità giornaliera e quella a scala oraria. Poiché il Golfo è soggetto a notevoli apporti fluviali, è stato valutato il ruolo dell’Isonzo, il fiume più importante, e, a partire dal 2006, è stato considerato anche il Timavo. Per evidenziare il ruolo degli scarichi antropici sono stati considerati i dati provenienti dal Monitoraggio delle acque costiere predisposto dalla Regione FVG (2002-2005). L’imponente lavoro analitico ha permesso di confermare la scarsa disponibilità di fosforo nelle acque del Golfo anche in periodi di limitata utilizzazione biologica. L’apporto dei fiumi arricchisce le acque delle forme particellate ma non incide sulla frazione disciolta mentre gli scarichi urbani non influenzano significativamente la disponibilità. Importante risulta, invece, il ruolo della degradazione enzimatica della sostanza organica. Sia il fitoplancton che il batterioplancton producono, infatti, notevoli quantità di fosfatasi alcalina, enzima in grado di recuperare fosforo da molecole organiche. Attraverso la produzione di enzimi, i microrganismi riescono a sopperire alla scarsa disponibilità di molecole inorganiche, più facilmente utilizzabili ma estremamente meno abbondanti. Questi risultati sono oltremodo importanti per l’organizzazione dei futuri piani di monitoraggio degli ambienti marini costieri caratterizzati da forti input di acqua dolce sia di origine antropica che fluviale. La trofia del sistema, infatti, non è sostenuta soltanto dai Sali inorganici disciolti di azoto, fosforo e silicio ma è fortemente dipendente dal pool di organico sia disciolto che particellato. L’attività degradativi dei microrganismi su queste matrici consente loro di ottenere le sotanze essenziali per la crescita e la duplicazione.
XIX Ciclo
1966
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