Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Écrit électronique'
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Boissière, Philippe. "Vitipi : un système auto-organisationnel pour faciliter le dialogue écrit homme-machine." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30184.
Full textCoindreau, Jonathan. "Analyse comparée de l’équivalence des supports papier et électronique au regard de l’évolution du droit civil de la preuve par écrit en France et au Québec." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROD001.
Full textWith the emergence of information technology, the era of dematerialization has spread to all areas of society. The legal framework was forced to evolve and to regulate these new practices in order to establish a climate of trust. In this context, this study analyzes the influence of dematerialization on French and Quebec civil evidence law. These two legal systems have rapidly taken measures in order to regulate evidence in electronic form. As it turns out, the French and Quebec legislative choices differ noticeably, both in substance and in form, in fact, a similar purpose appears, that of functional equivalence between tangible and intangible media. In both cases, it is a question of achieving equality of media, not based on the form of the means of media, traditional or electronic, but on its function, such as integrity, intelligibility, identification, durability etc. To this end, the French and Quebec laws have succeeded to recognize an equivalent probative force, provided that the functional criteria have been duly fulfilled and it is possible to demonstrate it. Indeed, it appears that the fulfillment of the functional criteria does not have the same level of diligence between the medium. Therefore, if the same function differs from one medium to another, the admissibility of the electronic evidence becomes dependent on greater legal risk than the traditional means of evidence. Could it be the case that the law did not succeed in ensuring the equivalence between the mediums ? Through a theoretical comparison between French and Quebec law, this analysis shows that trust in digital tools does not inevitably depend on the rigor of its framework, but to the contrary, on a subtle balance between sufficient legal reliability and necessary practical use
Poupa, Christine. "Document écrit, sur papier ou électronique et enseignementContribution à l'analyse de ses statuts et usages dans l'enseignement supérieur postgradué, pour des étudiants adultes, dans troisétablissements d'enseignement supérieur lausannois entre 1998 et 2003." Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020013.
Full textBinois, Fanny. "Consensualisme et formalisme à l'épreuve de l'électronique, étude de droit civil." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS192.
Full textIf the study of formalism and consensualism can constitute a classical theme of French law, a comparison of these great notions of private law with electronics is less common. However, the electronic transmission of wills invites to think about the challenge to the conventional principles of contract formation. A challenge partially raised by the legislator who, because of the abolition of paper support, had to adapt these notions. Wills, expressed by free or imposed forms, had to be able to circulate online. Without consensualism being explicitly targeted, the meeting of supply with acceptance has been adapted to electronic constraints. Nevertheless, the result is a regulation with an unclear terminology and regime. For the offer, the profusion of informative formalism, without sanction, and the denial of its written form are particularly bothersome. For acceptance, the scope of the double-click, or the acknowledgment of receipt, are still uncertain. Concerning formalism, the transposition of the act under private signature and the authentic act inevitably contributed to the denaturation of these forms. For the first, the traits are weighed down: how could handwritten mentions, assuming an irremediable physical link between the author's hand and the writing, be realized online without a technical consolidation? For the second, paradoxically, its future seems conditioned by the relaxation of the mystical character of authenticity, to give way to a new electronic authenticity. Hence the need to perfect the adaptation of notions.It actually causes a deeper movement. Once transposed to electronics, consensualism and formalism seem unfaithful to their traditional conceptions. Also, the notions would be exposed to a real transformation. This can not be neutral in common law contracts. Concerning consensualism, the hierarchy created between forms and the discrimination of non-electronic forms suggest a renewal of its classical approach. The development of a neo-consensualism is envisaged, bringing out a new duality of consensualism in common law. As for the formalisms ad validitatem and ad probationem, the impact of the electronics focuses on their mutual relations. Online, their dissociation becomes impossible. In addition to a textual assimilation, there would be a substantial fusion between the writings, whatever their legal role. However, such a union revives the colors of a unifying phenomenon known in the common law of contracts. There is then only one step towards the unity of formalism.Far from an abolition of notions, their testing by the electronics finally invites to rethink the principles of the formation of the contract
Buard, Pierre-Yves. "Modélisation des sources anciennes et édition numérique." Caen, 2015. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01279385.
Full textAncient sources present a very complex text organization that guides to define dedicated patterns. Beginning with the study of practices in the fields of preservation, analyze and edition of ancient texts, this thesis gives a general work pattern to organize circulation of information on objects and on texts carried by these objects. Paying attention to the cultural dimension of skills envolved in ancient sources facing both digital convergence and global networking guides us to rethink the document in the larger fields of flows and fragments. We propose to organize all informations used in text flows marked up by scholars. Based on many experimentations lead in institutional publishing, we propose a general organisational pattern to manage highly annotated textual resources in order to easily build editorial or research exploitations
Courtin-Vincent, Pascale. "La preuve du paiement d'une somme d'argent (de l'écrit à la télématique)." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010288.
Full textThe proof of the payment of a sum of money is subject to the clauses of the code civil. As stated in section 1341, the debtor is required to establish his full discharge in writing. With the advent of the use of plastic money, which constitutes a new means of payment, the rules which govern the law of evidence no longerapply. The statute of July 12, 1980 constitutes the current law of evidence but it still insists on the notion of the written document whose supremacy it asserts. The use of these new means of payment calls for an adaptation of the law of evidence. This "adapted" law cannot be laid down by any contract nor by a judge but requires legislation
Volckaert-Legrier, Olga. "Le courrier électronique chez les adolescents : un nouveau registre de la langue écrite." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT5010.
Full textThis study was aimed at demonstrating, from a pragmatic point of view, that the electronic mail (EM) constitutes a full linguistic register, and that it combines, in an original way, some characteristics of written language, spoken language, and computer-mediated communication (CMC). Two communication situations were proposed to teenagers aged 11 to 15 years. .
Souafi-Bensafi, Souad. "Contribution à la reconnaissance des structures des documents écrits : approche probabiliste." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0043/these.pdf.
Full textThis thesis turns on reserve-engineering of documents "recurrent and rich in typography" which is based on typographical tags to be identified directly from document images. Our purpose is to conceive a recognition system for logical structures that has to fit the problems brought by these documents complexity and variability. An original hybrid (structural and probabilistic) approach is proposed which combines a bayesian network classifier and a probabilistic automata that are integrated into a tree hierarchical representation of logical structure. For each part of the model, we used supervised learning that includes a new method using genetic programming for bayesian networks learning. This approach has been applied to tables of contents in periodical documents and has provided interesting results that open up different perspectives and especially for developing the interactivity aspect between the recognition system components
Bailly, Florence. "Les pratiques professionnelles des écrits électroniques entre technologie cognitive et technologie de communication." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUEL409.
Full textAfter having been pressed into clay, inscribed on papyrus and printed on paper writing, which dates back to about 3000 B. C. Has now found a new medium thanks to computer technology. The study of usages by staffs in tertiary industries leads to a dual approach. On one hand what is generally known as cognitive technology deals with the impact of electronic writing on the mechanics of learning and thinking, interacting with the development of professional knowledge. On the other hand communication technology deals with temporal and spatial issues, directly interacting with work environment
Salles, Chloë. "Mutations d'une presse "de référence" : évolution des stratégies d'acteurs à partir de représentations et de pratiques journalistiques sur l'internet : les blogs au coeur des repositionnements de la presse écrite, le cas du journal Le Monde." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENL024.
Full textCaro, Dambreville Stéphane. "Rôle des organisateurs paralinguistiques dans la consultation des documents électroniques." Grenoble 3, 1995. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00451634.
Full textBouatir, Hicham. "Les journaux en ligne de la presse écrite française sur Internet : émergence d'un nouveau média?" Paris 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA020066.
Full textPierre, Fanny. "La nature de l'écrit judiciaire devant les juridictions répressives françaises." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32020/document.
Full textLegal writing can be analyzed both as a communication and an argumentation means before the French criminal courts. It is undoubtedly a useful and required way to a good rendering of justice, and moreover a deeply mutating one in our era of new technologies. Formal by essence, it is only through writing that the legal decision can be executed. If it mainly functions as way of proof within the institution, its nature is evolving. The access to databases consisting of these written records is easier through the internet. The legal writing is both more democratic through easier access, and hermetic as its authorized producers are limited in number. While present at every layer of the criminal procedure as it assures its secrecy (from the investigation to the deliberation), it is becoming less safe. Digitalized, it is coveted and sometimes penetrated from the outside, thwarting the obligation of confidentiality that binds the institution. Digital, it allows an unmatched archiving and data-processing. Some procedures, beyond their mere digitalization, are exclusively digital before the “Cour de cassation” criminal chamber, thanks to a tailored virtual desktop. This change in support is double-sided. Unprecedented progress as well as potential threats are to be expected. While the traditional paper writing no longer matches our modern needs, its digital counterpart has not grown enough in usage and authority to be accepted as such. The current dissertation thesis itself is a the crossroads of these trends, between an imperfect paper writing and a still struggling digital writing
Rebillard, Franck. "La presse multimedia : Etude de la constitution d'une spécialité médiatique dans la presse écrite à l'heure de sa diversification sur les nouveaux supports électroniques." Lyon 2, 1999. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/1999/frebillard.
Full textBessaa, Hamid. "L’activité de production verbale écrite : effets des outils de production." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080094.
Full textWritten verbal production is a vast field of investigation for cognitive sciences. At a time when it is asked at an increasingly early age to know how to produce with the digital tools of written verbal production (computer keyboard and touch tablet), the use of these tools needs to be studied. We propose to examine the effects of three tools on production (digital pen, keyboard and touch pad). To do so, we conducted four studies: the first deals with orthographic production in dictation condition; the second is about copying words; the third concerns the reproduction of sentences; the fourth deals with the production of texts.Our analyzes show that the variable production tool is of great importance in the verbal production of words, phrases and the production of texts. We have been able to highlight an effect of these tools on production times, the number of errors, the retrieval of information, the throughput and the quality of the texts produced. Our research opens up new perspectives both from a methodological and a theoretical point of view. Indeed, the tool of production is a variable that must be taken into account in the study of written verbal production
Cissé, Hadj Bangali. "La presse écrite sénégalaise en ligne : enjeux, usages et appropriation des technologies de l'information et de la communication par les journalistes (1980-2008)." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ010L/document.
Full textThe emergence of digital networks within professional environment continues to provoke some questions with regards to the functioning of press corporations. Journalists, who meet with technological changes, are not the only ones whose prerogatives are the production and broadcasting of the media. Their professional identity is put to the test when applied to the context of the social and economic environments, thus they are seeking solutions to the globalization of the media. Senegal is no exception to this process of digital media with the coming out of the on-line newspapers which try to adapt to the on-line publication and therefore are based on the social and economic environment of Senegal and the demands of the modern world. Discussions about information and communication technologies are subject to divided opinions, particulary between the optimistic view which perpetuates the ideology of the liberal capitalistic system and the pessimistic view emphasizing social and cultural aspects. The understanding and meanings of social actions are the main objectives of this thesis, the aim of which is to analyse the representations and theories of the Senegalese on-line press within a socio-discursive scope. Based on this comprehensive Weberian sociology, the on-line press in Senegal will be studied through economics and politics in order to reveal the local cultural experiments at work. Through the everyday life of social actors we will try to emphasize their appropriation and use of the media. The existing social logics observed by means of indicators of these actors’ behaviours will determine the specificities of the Senegalese on-line press
Cucchi, Chantal. "La communication dans le travail par messagerie, téléphone et courrier : une enquête empirique." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00481122.
Full textBourdet, Dany. "Les pratiques communicationnelles médiatisées des étudiants roumains à Iasi." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50377-2005-9.pdf.
Full textGoyet, Samuel. "De briques et de blocs. La fonction éditoriale des interfaces de programmation (api) web : entre science combinatoire et industrie du texte." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040188.
Full text« Like » buttons, embedded tweets… All of these visual forms are produced by Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). APIs are digital writing tools which have become part of the publishing process of contemporary web pages. This thesis aims at understanding the « publishing function » of APIs : their role in the production, standardization and circulation of the « little forms » of online texts. Focused on Facebook’s and Twitter’s APIs, our work is divided into five chapters. The first one is a genealogy of the APIs, starting from their combinatorial aspect, a conception of writing which trace back to early programming and the invention of computer science. The second chapter is an inquiry about the imaginaries of calculus as a kind of writing, torn between the imaginary of numbers, of combinatorics and the search for a universal scientific method. The third chapter is a study of the semiotic consequences of this combinatorial universalism. We show how APIs are based on an idea of text as an abstract, modular object. This abstraction of the text is beneficial to an « economy of passages ». In this economy where circulation produce value, APIs are a place of « literate practices » (chapter four). They establish visual standards for the readability, production and circulation of online texts. Among these standards, there’s a systematic invizibilisation of the action of machines, although calculus is a necessary part of the production of digital texts. Therefore, in the fifth chapter, we give some epistemological elements towards non-anthropocentric semiotics, meaning : semiotics which would take into account computational machines as a part of the utterance of digital texts
Leyoudec, Lénaïk. "L'éditorialisation du film de famille : l'architexte Famille TM comme support d'un exercice de la mémoire." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2325.
Full textThis research project was made at the R&D department at Perfect Memory and focus on how to support family memory via a technological artifact. We question the artifact through the prism of information and communication sciences. The project offers to build a new approach, that of the editorialization of digital documents, enabling each user to rediscover their cultural heritage. This can be done by means of Famille TM, a co-built Web app. Following a study of the cultural heritage market as applied to private individuals, to whom Perfect Memory belongs, we proceed to a cross analysis of two concepts : "Digital" and "Memory". Starting from these, we built a theoretical framework in which we consider digital documents as a base for memory training. The technological artifact allows such training through a mediation process. Editorialization, as a set of processes made on the digital document through a technological artifact, appears as central to our concern: to design ways to support memory habits through Famille TM. We divide the construction of an editorialization approach into two steps. First, we build a corpus of digital documents - home movies - from various cultural heritage organizations. Then we interrogate the corpus through a semiotic methodology in order to gather salient and invariant elements in each interpretation. We name them memory markers. In a second step, we transcribe the markers categorization into editorial and ergonomic recommendations for Famille TM. Until today, the technological artifact consisted in one single mode: the documentation of archives. We introduce two extra modes: the cinematographic experience and the private experience. Each mode provides the user with an original entry point into documents uploaded on the app. To summarize our editorialization approach, we implement three modes into Famille TM and for each of them we design several scenarios made up of specific features and user experiences
Fines, Schlumberger Jacques-André. "Enjeux techniques et politiques de la "communication optique" entre un titre de presse imprimée et un ordiphone." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020008/document.
Full textSince 2002 in Asia, and 2005 in Europe and the United States, press editors and advertisers have offered access to digital content and services to readers that possess a smartphone. These new forms of communication blur the traditional relationships between press editors, advertisers and readers. To study the technical and political elements concerning these new communication services, we rely on the three-layer network approach: the physical, the logical and the content infrastructure layer. The physical layer is located between the sheet of paper and the electronic device that links the user to a network. The logical layer corresponds to the form (private or public) of what is printed on the page (i.e., human readable or machine language) and the software employed (i.e., local or distant reading), be it synchronously (augmented press) or asynchronously (graphic codes, image search or image identification). The third layer concerns the way the content from the printed page are presented on the screen of the smartphone. Our study equally aims to shed light on the current legal translations of software methods: when based on content, the methods are seen to concern intellectual property law; whereas when based on computer language they concern the laws on hyperlinks. With smartphones, a printed edition evolves from an information medium to an electronic communication channel where the context and the identity of the user play an innovative role in the transmission and access to information
Ertzscheid, Olivier. "Les enjeux cognitifs et stylistiques de l'organisation hypertextuelle : le Lieu, Le Lien, Le Livre." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006260.
Full textDans notre premier chapitre, nous faisons d'abord un point sur les effets déjà mesurables de l'organisation hypertextuelle dans le rapport à l'écrit pour isoler les transformations cognitives occasionnées par ce nouveau support, pour isoler également la nouvelle organisation des structures traditionnelles de l'énonciation dans le processus de communication (rapports auteur-lecteur, agencements collectifs d'énonciation). Nous concluons par une typologie des nouveaux genres hypertextuels (liés notamment à l'utilisation de générateurs) et sur le statut littéraire de ces productions.
Notre second chapitre aborde les aspects plus « théoriques » de l'organisation hypertextuelle au travers de l'étude systématique de ses procédés de liaison. Après un état de l'art de la question, nous définissons une typologie englobante des liens hypertextuels prenant en compte leurs aspects informatiques, les structures rhétoriques et formelles qui les sous-tendent et les différents types de rapport entre ces « entités-liens » autorisant à qualifier différentes organisations hypertextuelles. Sur tous ces points, les propositions formulées dans ce travail devront permettre d'améliorer les pratiques de navigation et de réduire certains effets liés (surcharge cognitive, désorientation).
Notre troisième chapitre montre que ce que ces liens révèlent du fonctionnement de la pensée humaine (mode essentiellement associatif) est en train de changer la manière dont les systèmes et les organisations sociales se constituent et se développent, en mettant en place, de manière effective, des artefacts et de processus habituellement implicites et dont l'enjeu sera, pour le chercheur, d'accompagner le passage à l'explicite. Ce dernier chapitre s'appuie sur le dispositif expérimental FoRSIC et l'utilisation qu'il fait de différents types ontologiques, ce dernier étant caractéristique des ces nouveaux rapports au savoir que notre travail essaie de qualifier plus que de quantifier.
Senécal, François. "L'écrit électronique." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3471.
Full textInformation technology has completely modified our way of learning, socialising, reading and writing. These changes have also affected numerous institutions. Developed over many years and adapted to a reality they internalised, they now have to understand the nature of the changes taking place and adapt to them. The legal concept of “writing” is such an institution. Its place in the realm of civil law is the result of hundreds of years of cohabitation. The legal system has found a great ally in “writings”. However, although “writing” has been seen as an enabler in the past, the use of information technologies in legal circumstances has turned it into an obstacle. How are we going to adapt the notion of writing – and those of original and signature – when talking about digital data ? This is the topic of our thesis. Following a historical study of the concept of “writing”, from its inception to its current state of crisis, we will analyse the legal tools made available to civil law (whether they be traditional or recent, such as the technological neutrality, and functional equivalence principles) in order to adapt to a constantly changing technological landscape. On a more practical level, we will study how different legislators have addressed electronic documents. Our study will conclude with an analysis of Quebec legislation pertaining to electronic documents. The principles studied in this thesis should be applicable to other similar situations.
Hel, Sambath. "Le formalisme du contrat électronique dans l’ASEAN : définition et interprétation des notions d’écrit et de signature." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10846.
Full textMore than ten years after the implementation of the harmonization project of e-commerce law, ASEAN, "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations" gathering ten Member States in Southeast Asia, is still not able to provide each of their Member States with a harmonized legislation in this respect. In this context, we try, in contribution to this harmonization, to demonstrate the problematic situation on e-commerce law in six of the ten ASEAN Member States where, in addition to their statutory non-uniformity, these national laws governing the formalism of electronic contract are difficult to understand, to interpret and therefore to apply; sometimes causing interpretative errors or total neglect of these texts. This experience is not unique to ASEAN, because there are also similar situations in other jurisdictions such as Canada and the United States. To address this disconnect between the law and jurisprudence, we propose a search for a method of interpretation as a possible solution that seems most relevant to the state of the texts already in place and to the objective of harmonizing of the electronic commerce law in ASEAN. Among the wide variety of interpretive methods, we are able to identify the contextual approach, as large as it is, as the most appropriate method regarding to the particular characteristics of the formalism of electronic contract, namely the electronic writing and electronic signature. We propose an analytical method that consists of legal, technical and social contexts that will help lawyers, especially judges, to better understand the meaning of the texts and to give them a "best interpretation" in favor of the objective of harmonization of law in ASEAN.
Commentaires généraux du rapport externe (par Prof. Arthur Oulaï) : Il faut saluer la préoccupation du candidat pour l’apport d’un éclairage sur les textes qui régissent le contrat électronique afin de les rendre plus accessibles aux juges. L’élaboration d’une méthode d’interprétation de ces textes constitue, sans aucun doute, une contribution telle qu’attendue d’une thèse de doctorat en droit. Nous tenons à l’en féliciter. Nous recommandons donc la soutenance de sa thèse et lui accordons la mention « Très bonne ». 12 Déc. 2013 – Vincent Gautrais (Directeur de thèse) : Sambath Hel vient de se voir attribuer le doctorat en droit de l’Université de Montréal avec la mention selon laquelle sa thèse est jugée «Très bonne». En plus des félicitations qui lui ont été adressées lors de la soutenance, je puis aussi témoigner du grand plaisir que j’ai eu à l’accompagner durant ce long processus. Bravo Sambath!
Ngandu, Kanku. "Le rapport à l'écriture épistolaire en milieux scolaire et extrascolaire : pratiques et perceptions d'élèves de 3e secondaire." Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/889/1/M10116.pdf.
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