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Hlordzi, Vivian, Beiping Tan, Xiaohui Dong, Shuang Zhang, Lin Zhu, Ling Zhang, Xiangna Hu, and Shuyan Chi. "Enzymatic Chicken Pulp Promotes Appetite, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Growth in Litopenaeus vannamei." Metabolites 12, no. 8 (July 27, 2022): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12080698.
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Enzymatic chicken pulp (ECP) is an animal protein source that has been proven to be of excellent nutritional content and good quality for the majority of aquatic organisms because of its quality protein, small peptides, palatability, vitamins, and minerals. An 8-week nutritional trial was conducted to assess the effects of an ECP-based diet on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, and gene mRNA expression of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Fish soluble pulp (FSP) served as the control group while in the experimental groups, and ECPs with three protein contents were used to replace FSP in equal amounts, named ECP1, ECP2, and ECP3, respectively. No significant difference in weight gain rate, specific growth rate, survival rate, or feed conversion ratio was observed (p > 0.05) between the groups. Ash content in the Pacific shrimp’s whole body was significantly higher in the ECP1 and ECP3 groups compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Intestinal amylase and protease activities were the highest in the ECP1 and ECP2 groups, respectively (p < 0.05). With respect to gene mRNA expression, neuropeptide Y, excitatory amino acid transporter, and fatty acid transport protein 4 were significantly high in the ECP1 group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these three ECPs have their advantages to replace FSP in shrimp feed, but ECP1 is more effective if the effects of digestive enzyme activity, appetite, and expression of growth-related genes are considered.
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Coverdale, Sophie, Lindsay Rountree, Kathryn Webber, Matthew Cufflin, Edward Mallen, Alison Alderson, and Neema Ghorbani-Mojarrad. "Eyecare practitioner perspectives and attitudes towards myopia and myopia management in the UK." BMJ Open Ophthalmology 9, no. 1 (January 2024): e001527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001527.
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ObjectiveMany children with progressive myopia are still prescribed single-vision correction. An investigation into UK eyecare practitioners’ (ECPs) perceptions of myopia management was carried out to ascertain factors which may be limiting its implementation and uptake within clinical practice.Methods and analysisOnline focus groups were held with UK ECPs. Participants were encouraged to discuss their knowledge of the available myopia management options, their perception of how myopia management is being delivered in the UK and any barriers limiting ECPs' prescribing of these management options in practice. The discussions were transcribed and analysed thematically.ResultsFocus groups were held with 41 ECPs from primary and secondary eyecare. ECPs felt that provision of myopia management in the UK is variable. Most ECPs believe they have sufficient knowledge, but felt a lack of confidence in decision-making and practical experience. Less experienced ECPs sought more definitive guidance to support their decision-making. ECPs desired clarity on their duty of care obligations and were concerned over possible future litigation if they had not offered, or referred for, myopia management when indicated. The greatest barrier appears to be financial—treatment is expensive and ECPs are uncomfortable communicating this to parents. Many barriers were indicative of systemic problems within UK eyecare, such as commercial pressures, inadequate National Health Service funding and poor public awareness of paediatric eyecare.ConclusionMyopia management is not implemented consistently across the UK. To improve accessibility, changes are required at multiple levels, from individual ECPs through to wider stakeholders in UK eyecare provision.
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Gondek, T. "Early Career Psychiatrists in Europe During COVID-19 Outbreak: Results of The EPA ECPC-EFPT Cross-Sectional Survey." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.202.
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Abstract Body The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the lives and work of Early Career Psychiatrists (ECPs). Some had to revamp their professional life, start using telepsychiatry without prior training, change their workplace during the pandemic, or were quarantined. Others were not able to complete their training or take obligatory courses as planned. The aim of the study was to understand the impact of the pandemic on education and professional development, working conditions and wellbeing of ECPs, as well as their attitude to telepsychiatry. The anonymous, 24-question cross-sectional survey was conducted by the European Psychiatric Association Early Career Psychiatrists Committee (EPA ECPC) and the Task Force on Meetings and Associations with the collaboration and support of the European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees (EFPT). 517 participants from 39 different countries (member states of the Council of Europe) have been included in the analysis. Statistical analyses have been performed. Final results will be presented during the symposium. Identifying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ECPs will help us better prepare for similar events in the future, equip them with the necessary skills and provide them with the right support. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Małys, Łukasz. "ICT Utilization in Supply Chain Environmental Collaboration Practices as the Moderator of Firms’ Financial Performance." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 15, 2022): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020958.
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The purpose of this study is to verify whether increasing the intensity of ICT utilization in environmental collaboration practices (ECPs) in the supply chain has a positive impact on firms’ financial performance (FP). As such, it answers the call for investigating the moderators of firms’ FP in their environmental supply chain management. The paper presents the results of a study conducted among 500 firms located in Poland with the use of the CATI technique. The research results show that increasing the intensity of ICT utilization in ECPs, in most cases, does not affect the firms’ FP. Statistically significant relations were observed only in green design ECPs, which shows that increasing the intensity of ICT utilization in green design ECPs reduces the likelihood of revenue growth thanks to ECPs implementation. The paper fills a research gap in the moderating role of the intensity of ICT utilization in increasing financial benefits thanks to the implementation of ECPs in the supply chain. As such, it contributes to the environmental supply chain management literature. The results highlight the need for further research on the moderators of firms’ financial benefits from ECPs implementation, which should be studies in isolation but also jointly, to verify their combined effect. Also, the character of different ECPs categories should be studied to link them with the most appropriate ICT.
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Gologorsky, Edward, Francisco Igor B. Macedo, Enisa M. Carvalho, Angela Gologorsky, Marco Ricci, and Tomas A. Salerno. "Postoperative Cardiac Arrest after Heart Surgery: Does Extracorporeal Perfusion Support a Paradigm Change in Management?" Anesthesiology Research and Practice 2010 (2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/937215.
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Early institution of extracorporeal perfusion support (ECPS) may improve survival after cardiac arrest. Two patients sustained unexpected cardiac arrest in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) following cardiac interventions. ECPS was initiated due to failure to restore hemodynamics after prolonged (over 60 minutes) advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) protocol-guided cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Despite relatively late institution of ECPS, both patients survived with preserved neurological function. This communication focuses on the utility of ECPS in the ICU as a part of resuscitative efforts.
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Nicoletti, Angela. "ECPS and the Adolescent." Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 14, no. 1 (February 2001): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1083-3188(00)00084-x.
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Borsella, Madison, and Angel M. Foster. "Exploring the Availability of Emergency Contraception in New Brunswick Pharmacies: A Mystery-Client Telephone Study." Pharmacy 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8020076.
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Although levonorgestrel-only emergency contraceptive pills (LNg-ECPs) have been available over the counter in Canada for more than a decade, barriers to access persist. We aimed to obtain information about the availability and cost of LNg-ECPs in New Brunswick. Using a mystery-client study design, we called all 207 non-specialty pharmacies in the province posing as a 17-year-old woman seeking something to prevent pregnancy after sex. We evaluated the information provided for accuracy and quality. The overwhelming majority of pharmacies (n = 180, 87%) had at least one brand of LNg-ECPs in stock; the price averaged CAD28.69 (USD21.65). Although the majority of pharmacy representatives provided accurate information about LNg-ECPs, a small number made incorrect statements about the timeframe for use, side effects, and mechanism of action. In nine interactions (4%) pharmacy representatives incorrectly indicated that a male partner could not obtain LNg-ECPs; none indicated that parental involvement was required to procure LNg-ECPs. None of the pharmacy representatives referenced any other modality of emergency contraception, including ulipristal acetate. Our findings suggest that LNg-ECPs are widely available and that most pharmacy representatives are providing accurate medical and regulatory information. However, supporting the continuing education of pharmacists and pharmacy staff, particularly around alternative modalities of emergency contraception, appears warranted.
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Qu, Zhaoyang, Yunchang Dong, Nan Qu, Lei Wang, Yang Li, Yu Zhang, and Sylvere Mugemanyi. "Survivability Evaluation Method for Cascading Failure of Electric Cyber Physical System Considering Load Optimal Allocation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (July 15, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2817586.
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The scale of the electric cyber physical system (ECPS) is continuously extending, and the existing cascade failure models ignore both the information flow and power flow transferring characteristics and also lack effective survivability analysis. In this paper, the quantitative evaluation method for cascading failure of ECPS survivability considering optimal load allocation is proposed. Firstly, according to the system topological structure and correlation, the degree-betweenness weighted correlation matrix of ECPS is established by defining the degree function as well as the electric betweenness, and the formal representation of coupled ECPS network model is realized. Secondly, based on the structural connectivity change and risk propagation range of ECPS cascade failure, the survivability evaluation model is designed by taking into account the constraints such as node load capacity limitation, information flow optimal allocation strategy, power flow optimization equation, and system safety operation. Finally, the firefly algorithm with chaotic Lévy flight is proposed to solve the evaluation model efficiently. The case study vividly shows that the evaluation method can effectively quantify the survivability of ECPS and thus enhance the evaluation efficiency of large-scale coupled systems.
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Qiu, Zongsheng, Jiantao Zhao, Dazhang Xie, Clement R. de Cruz, Jianhua Zhao, Hong Xu, and Qiyou Xu. "Effects of Replacing Fish Meal with Enzymatic Cottonseed Protein on the Growth Performance, Immunity, Antioxidation, and Intestinal Health of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)." Aquaculture Nutrition 2023 (May 24, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6628805.
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The dietary effects of replacing fish meal with enzymatic cottonseed protein (ECP) on the growth performance, immunity, antioxidant, and intestinal health of Chinese soft-shelled turtles have not been explored. An eight-week feeding trial was conducted with a quadruplicated group of turtles ( 3.44 ± 0.01 g ) that were randomly assigned to 16 cages ( 0.6 m × 0.6 m × 0.6 m ) with 30 turtles that were stocked in each cage. Four dietary groups were fed with diets supplemented with 0, 2%, 4%, and 6% (ECP0 group (control group), ECP2 group, ECP4 group, ECP6 group) of enzymatic cottonseed protein replacing fishmeal. The present study illustrated that the final weight and WG in the ECP2 and ECP4 groups were significantly increased ( P < 0.05 ) compared with the control group. The ECP2, ECP4, and ECP6 groups significantly reduced the feed coefficient ( P < 0.05 ) and significantly increased the SGR ( P < 0.05 ). The serum TP and ALB of the ECP4 group were significantly increased ( P < 0.05 ). The ECP2, ECP4, and ECP6 groups significantly increased the activity of intestinal pepsin ( P < 0.05 ), and the activity of intestinal lipase of the EPC4 group was significantly increased ( P < 0.05 ). The intestinal villus height of the EPC4 group and EPC6 group, the villus width of the EPC2 group and EPC4 group, and the intestinal muscle thickness of the EPC4 group were significantly increased ( P < 0.05 ). At the same time, replacing fishmeal with enzymatic cottonseed protein also affected the intestinal inflammation-related genes compared with the control group. Besides that, the expression of the IL-10 gene in the experimental group was significantly upregulated ( P < 0.05 ). Nevertheless, the expression of TNF-α and IL-8 genes in the ECP2 group and TNF-α and IL-1β genes in the ECP4 group was significantly downregulated ( P < 0.05 ). In summary, replacing fish meal with enzymatic cottonseed protein positively affects the growth, immunity, and intestinal health of Chinese soft-shelled turtles. The appropriate proportion of enzymatic cottonseed protein to replace fish meal in turtle feed is 4%.
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Beronja, Terry A., and Richard H. Bee. "AN ANALYSIS OF AN ENROLLMENT CONTROL PROGRAM AT AN OPEN ADMISSION UNIVERSITY." NACADA Journal 9, no. 1 (March 1, 1989): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12930/0271-9517-9.1.16.
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University officials at many institutions of higher learning have initiated enrollment control programs (ECPs) in over-subscribed majors. Although the qualifying academic barriers determining program admission associated with these ECPs establish hardships for some students, the gewal intention of such programs is to prepare students for a particular curriculum as well as to select individuals deemed most qualified when limited enrollment opportunities exist. At universities where collegiate admission is a selection process, these ECPs fit into the framework of normal operation. At institutions (such as Youngstown State University) where “open admission” to the university is the policy, however, the establishment of ECPs has caused inadvertent conflicts for academic advisors.
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Chumakov, E. "Use of compulsory treatment by early career psychiatrists: Findings from an international survey." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.206.
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Abstract BodyIntroductionEarly Career Psychiatrists (ECPs) are routinely at the front line of clinical practice worldwide, including the use of compulsory measures in psychiatry. However, ECPs practice in this aspect is understudied.ObjectivesThe aims of the study were (i) to clarify whether ECPs experience any difficulties in the process of compulsory psychiatric care; and (ii) to find out how ECPs consider compulsory measures in psychiatry.MethodsAn online anonymous survey of ECPs around the world was conducted in July-August 2019. The final sample had 142 psychiatrists (53% female; mean age 32.3±3.1) from 43 countries. Results. 96% of the Early Career Psychiatrists who responded to this survey agree with the continued use of the current legal framework for compulsory psychiatric treatment in their country, either with or without amendments. More than half of the respondents (57%) reported difficulties in providing compulsory psychiatric care due to either challenging interactions with the courts, documentation issues or moral concerns. Over half of the participants (53%) were keen to reform the legal procedures for compulsory psychiatric care in their countries.ConclusionsThe study has shown that there is an agreement among ECPs around the world that legal compulsory psychiatric care procedures are relevant and useful in clinical practice under certain circumstances. As stakeholders, ECPs could be encouraged and involved in adding their own experience and opinions to the debate on the employment of coercion in psychiatry as an ethical and legal issue.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Bennett, John B., Jonathan G. Hill, and William B. Long. "Considerations for Inter-Hospital Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Support Resuscitation and Transport." Journal of ExtraCorporeal Technology 26, no. 2 (June 1994): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ject/199426279.
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The availability of commercial, pre-packaged extracorporeal cardiopulmonary support (ECPS) circuits, which are simplified for rapid set-up and priming, has made the intra-hospital resuscitation of moribund patients routine. The successful utilization of this technology in the emergent setting requires planning and the coordination of personnel familiar with the technology. Many issues must be addressed when a patient requiring life-sustaining support utilizing this technology at an outlying hospital, must be transported while on ECPS. After reducing the size and weight of the ECPS cart and obtaining Federal Aviation Administration approval for use during aeromedical transport, the Emanuel Hospital Mobile Surgical Transport Team (MSTT) was able to extend the use of emergency cardiopulmonary bypass to outlying medical facilities. The patients selected for transport, using ECPS, are a group of patients with a potentially survivable pathology unlikely to survive inter-hospital transport without such measures. This report describes our experience with inter-hospital transport of patients on ECPS with special emphasis on transport considerations.
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Malla, Bindu, Komal Malla, Madan Sigdel, Sanjeev Guragain, Rajesh Kumar Yadav, Sabita Paudel, and Bijay Aryal. "Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Emergency Contraceptive Pills among Medical and Paramedical Students." International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences 2, no. 2 (March 31, 2017): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55530/ijmbiosnepal.v2i2.25.
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Emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) is also called as morning after pill which is indicated after unprotected coitus, sexual abuse and nonuse of regular contraception to avoid unwanted pregnancy. The present study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and current use of emergency contraceptive pill among the medical and paramedical students. Institution based cross- sectional descriptive study was conducted at Gandaki medical college and The School of Health and Allied sciences from August 2015-Janawary 2016.Data was collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using Microsoft excel 2007. Out of 181 respondents 40.9% were male and 59.1% were female students. 91.2% respondents were from urban area and 86.2% were Hindu. As compared to female students, male students have more knowledge about the ECPs. However, female students were more correct than male students regarding the proper administration time of ECP. Although recipients have positive attitude regarding ECPs, majority of them believed that ECPs have harmful effects to the body. Mainly due to the humiliation and lack of proper knowledge, male respondents and female respondents respectively felt challenges to use ECPs. It is concluded the misinformation regarding ECPs is high among the respondents. Therefore, effective awareness program should be lunched to educate them regarding the ECPs and to protect young females from the risk of unsafe abortion.
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Chaudhary, Sabina. "Knowledge, attitude and practice towards emergency contraceptive pills and factors hindering its use among femareproductive age group visiting urban health centre at Rajbiraj, Nepal." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 3 (February 25, 2022): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20220544.
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Background: Unintended pregnancy, unplanned birth and unsafe abortion have been a major challenge to the reproductive health of women worldwide. Despite the availability of highly effective methods of contraception, still many pregnancies are unwanted predisposing them to higher risk of mortality, often due to unsafe abortion. These unwanted pregnancies can be prevented using emergency contraceptive pills. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice of emergency contraceptive pills and factors hindering its use among females of reproductive age group.Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 416 females of reproductive age group visiting urban heath centre of Rajbiraj, selected by purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using pretested semi-structured questionnaire after written informed consent. Descriptive & inferential statistics were used to analyze the data generated.Results: Out of 416 respondents, 34.6% were aware of emergency contraceptive pills and majority (56.9%) of them got to know it from Media. Among respondents who were aware of ECPs, 64% had good knowledge of it, 90% had positive attitude towards ECPs and 63% have used it earlier. A significant association was found between age, residence, educational level and occupational status with awareness of ECPs. Lack of awareness regarding ECPs has been hindering the usage of ECPs in emergencies to prevent unwanted pregnancies.Conclusions: Awareness and utilization of ECPs is low among females of terai region. Therefore awareness should be raised through formal education and communication by health personnel and through mass media which could provide reliable and accurate knowledge on ECPs.
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Hiddinga, H. J., D. D. Isaak, and R. V. Lewis. "Enkephalin-containing peptides processed from proenkephalin significantly enhance the antibody-forming cell responses to antigens." Journal of Immunology 152, no. 8 (April 15, 1994): 3748–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.152.8.3748.
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Abstract Highly conserved enkephalin containing peptides (ECPs) are selectively processed from proenkephalin, which is synthesized in both the neuroendocrine and immune systems. The reported regulatory effects within the central nervous system and the biologic release patterns from both activated lymphocytes and stimulated adrenal chromaffin cells suggest the ECPs may act as regulatory factors of the immune system. We tested the effects of three of the ECPs, Peptides F, E, and B, on the in vitro Ab-forming cell (AFC) response murine splenocytes to antigenic challenge. In contrast to the immunosuppressive effects of the pentapeptide enkephalins, physiologic concentrations of the ECPs significantly enhanced the AFC response to both T cell-dependent and T cell-independent Ags. The effects are not sensitive to competition by the opiate receptor antagonist, naloxone, suggesting cell surface interactions that do not involve classical opiate receptors. These studies provide evidence that the effects are mediated through T cells rather than B cells. Peptide F-treated splenocytes also showed a significant enhancement of the AFC response to suboptimal Ag concentrations, suggesting a mechanism of action in which the ECPs may act to lower the threshold of activation of the effector cell. These results suggest that the ECPs are physiologically important modifiers of the humoral immune response. Given their release patterns and demonstrated action on the in vitro immune response, the proenkephalin-derived ECPs have the potential to be involved in both paracrine and autocrine regulatory networks within the immune system and as a positive immunoregulatory effect from the neuroendocrine system.
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Young, K. H., J. Z. Sun, D. Kapolnek, E. J. Tarsa, A. Inam, and B. H. T. Chai. "Electron channeling patterns of a-axis and c-axis YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 12 (December 1991): 2501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.2501.
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We have studied the electron channeling patterns (ECPs) of both pure a-axis and pure c-axis epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films on various substrates. ECPs from three representative a-axis films [on PrBa2Cu3O7−δ buffered LaAlO3 (001), MgO (001), and SrLaAlO4 (001)] and three c-axis films [on LaAlO3 (001), NdGaO3 (001), and SrTiO3 (001)] are presented. The differences between both sets of ECPs are discussed and recorded as references for future identifications.
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Denton, Dona A. "ECPs’ Voices Heard in Assembly." Psychiatric News 36, no. 12 (June 15, 2001): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.36.12.0026.
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Tshomba, Antoine Oloma, Daniel Mukadi-Bamuleka, Anja De Weggheleire, Olivier M. Tshiani, Charles T. Kayembe, Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, et al. "Cost-effectiveness of incorporating Ebola prediction score tools and rapid diagnostic tests into a screening algorithm: A decision analytic model." PLOS ONE 18, no. 10 (October 17, 2023): e0293077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293077.
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Background No distinctive clinical signs of Ebola virus disease (EVD) have prompted the development of rapid screening tools or called for a new approach to screening suspected Ebola cases. New screening approaches require evidence of clinical benefit and economic efficiency. As of now, no evidence or defined algorithm exists. Objective To evaluate, from a healthcare perspective, the efficiency of incorporating Ebola prediction scores and rapid diagnostic tests into the EVD screening algorithm during an outbreak. Methods We collected data on rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and prediction scores’ accuracy measurements, e.g., sensitivity and specificity, and the cost of case management and RDT screening in EVD suspect cases. The overall cost of healthcare services (PPE, procedure time, and standard-of-care (SOC) costs) per suspected patient and diagnostic confirmation of EVD were calculated. We also collected the EVD prevalence among suspects from the literature. We created an analytical decision model to assess the efficiency of eight screening strategies: 1) Screening suspect cases with the WHO case definition for Ebola suspects, 2) Screening suspect cases with the ECPS at -3 points of cut-off, 3) Screening suspect cases with the ECPS as a joint test, 4) Screening suspect cases with the ECPS as a conditional test, 5) Screening suspect cases with the WHO case definition, then QuickNavi™-Ebola RDT, 6) Screening suspect cases with the ECPS at -3 points of cut-off and QuickNavi™-Ebola RDT, 7) Screening suspect cases with the ECPS as a conditional test and QuickNavi™-Ebola RDT, and 8) Screening suspect cases with the ECPS as a joint test and QuickNavi™-Ebola RDT. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis to identify an algorithm that minimizes the cost per patient correctly classified. We performed a one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis to test the robustness of our findings. Results Our analysis found dual ECPS as a conditional test with the QuickNavi™-Ebola RDT algorithm to be the most cost-effective screening algorithm for EVD, with an effectiveness of 0.86. The cost-effectiveness ratio was 106.7 USD per patient correctly classified. The following algorithms, the ECPS as a conditional test with an effectiveness of 0.80 and an efficiency of 111.5 USD per patient correctly classified and the ECPS as a joint test with the QuickNavi™-Ebola RDT algorithm with an effectiveness of 0.81 and a cost-effectiveness ratio of 131.5 USD per patient correctly classified. These findings were sensitive to variations in the prevalence of EVD in suspected population and the sensitivity of the QuickNavi™-Ebola RDT. Conclusions Findings from this study showed that prediction scores and RDT could improve Ebola screening. The use of the ECPS as a conditional test algorithm and the dual ECPS as a conditional test and then the QuickNavi™-Ebola RDT algorithm are the best screening choices because they are more efficient and lower the number of confirmation tests and overall care costs during an EBOV epidemic.
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Ekpenyong, Bernadine, Chukwuemeka J. Obinwanne, Godwin Ovenseri-Ogbomo, Kelechukwu Ahaiwe, Okonokhua O. Lewis, Damian C. Echendu, and Uchechukwu L. Osuagwu. "Assessment of Knowledge, Practice and Guidelines towards the Novel COVID-19 among Eye Care Practitioners in Nigeria–A Survey-Based Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (July 16, 2020): 5141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145141.
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The aim of this study was to explore knowledge, practice of risk and guidelines of the novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) infection among the eye care practitioners and the potential associated factors. A cross-sectional self-administered online survey was distributed via emails and social media networks between 2nd and 18th May 2020 corresponding to the week of the lockdown in Nigeria to eye care practitioners (ECPs). Data for 823 respondents were analyzed. Knowledge and risk practice were categorized as binary outcome and univariate and multivariate linear regression were used to examine the associated factors. The mean score for COVID-19-related knowledge of public health guidelines was high and varied across the ECPs. Ophthalmic Nurses, Ophthalmologists and Optometrists showed higher COVID-19-related knowledge than other ECPs (p < 0.001), particularly those working in the private sector. More than 50% of ECPs stated they provided essential services during the COVID-19 lockdown via physical consultation, particularly the Ophthalmologists. Most respondents reported that the guidelines provided by their Association were useful but expressed their lack of confidence in attending to patients during and after the COVID-19 lockdown. Compared to other ECPs in Nigeria, more Ophthalmic Nurses received training in the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). This survey is the first to assess knowledge, attitudes and practice in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. ECPs in Nigeria displayed good knowledge about COVID-19 and provided eye care services during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria, despite the majority not receiving any training on the use of PPEs with concerns over attending to patients. There is need for the government to strengthen health systems by improving and extending training on standard infection prevention and control measures to ECPs for effective control of the pandemic and in the future as essential health workers.
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Liu, J. C., C. H. Lee, J. Y. Lai, K. C. Wang, Y. C. Hsu, and B. V. Chang. "Extracellular polymers of ozonized waste activated sludge." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 10 (November 1, 2001): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0602.
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Effect of ozonation on characteristics of waste activated sludge was investigated in the current study. Concentrations of cell-bound extracellular polymers (washed ECPs) did not change much upon ozonation, whereas the sum of cell-bound and soluble extracellular polymers (unwashed ECPs) increased with increasing ozone dose. Washed ECPs in original sludge as divided by molecular weight distribution was 39% < 1,000 Da (low MW), 30% from 1,000 to 10,000 Da (medium MW), and 31% > 10,000 Da (high MW). It was observed that the low-MW fraction decreased, and the high-MW fraction increased in ozonized sludge. The unwashed ECPs were characterized as 44% in low MW, 30% in medium MW, and 26% in high MW. Both low-MW and medium-MW fractions of unwashed ECPs decreased while high-MW fraction increased in ozonized sludge. The dewaterability of ozonized sludge, assessed by capillary suction time (CST) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF), deteriorated with ozone dose. The optimal dose of cationic polyelectrolyte increased with increasing ozone dose. The production rate and the accumulated amount of methane gas of ozonized sludge were also higher.
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Tibana, Ramires Alsamir, and Nuno Manuel Frade de Sousa. "Are extreme conditioning programmes effective and safe? A narrative review of high-intensity functional training methods research paradigms and findings." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 4, no. 1 (November 2018): e000435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000435.
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Extreme conditioning programmes (ECPs, eg , CrossFit, Insanity and Gym Jones) are a growing fitness regimen characterised by functional movements performed at high-intensity and with constantly varying movements. While the popularity and number of practitioners of ECPs are growing, a debate has been established between what is observed in the scientific literature and anecdotal reports from athletes, coaches and physicians about safety (incidence and prevalence of injuries and rhabdomyolysis) and benefits (physical and mental health). In this article, we review the prevalence and incidence of injuries, rhabdomyolysis, physiological responses and chronic adaptations to ECPs. The majority of the available evidence confirm that the estimated injury rate among athletes participating in ECPs is similar to that in weightlifting and most other recreational activities. Additionally, ECP sessions resulted in increased acute oxidative, metabolic and cardiovascular stress, and depending on the stimulus (intensity, duration and non-usual exercise) and training status of the practitioner, an ECP session may precipitate rhabdomyolysis. In the scientific literature, the current chronic effects of ECPs showed little or no effects on body composition and improvements in physical fitness and psychological parameters; however, further studies are important.
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Gritzka, S., P. Angerer, and M. Diebig. "Work Stress, Overcommitment and Somatization among Early Childhood Professionals during COVID-19: A Cross-sectional Study." European Psychiatry 66, S1 (March 2023): S453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.974.
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IntroductionIn addition to posing major public health challenges, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected psychological and physical stressors in workplaces as well as strain by workers worldwide. Even prior COVID-19, the working conditions of early childhood professionals (ECPs) were described as critical leading to (psycho)somatic complaints. Despite the high societal relevance of ECPs and the potential increase in stressors caused by COVID-19, there is a lack of empirical evidence to which extent work-related demands had an adverse effect on ECPs health during COVID-19.ObjectivesWe aimed to obtain updated prevalence rates of somatic symptoms of ECPs as well as unfavourable working conditions inducing stress (in terms of an effort-reward imbalance; ERI) in childcare. The overall objective was to establish associations between work stress and health during the early phase of the pandemic. Given the tendency of ECPs to overcommit themselves, we further explored the potential moderating role of overcommitment.MethodsBetween June 2020 and May 2021, questionnaire data was collected using validated instruments (i.e., ERI, PHQ-15) from ECPs in childcare centers as well as from family providers (N = 1.009). ECPs were informed about the study and contacted through the youth welfare office. Multiple logistic regression tested the influence of ERI and overcommitment on the severity of somatic symptoms. It was controlled for age, gender as well as leadership position. SPSS 28.0 was used to analyze the data.ResultsThe ERI ratio of the sample averaged 1.28 (SD = 0.45), with 72.7% of subjects exceeding the critical cut-off value > 1, indicating a gratification crisis. The averaged sum score of the PHQ-15 was 8.99 (SD = 5.43). Based on a PHQ-15 cut-off ≥ 10, the overall prevalence of somatization at a moderate to high level is estimated to be 44.6%. The mean overcommitment score was 15.14 (SD = 3.55) and 23.4% of ECPs were in the highest overcommitment tertile. ERI (OR = 4.12, 95% CI: 2.73 - 6.22) and overcommitment (OR = 5.20, 95% CI: 2.17 - 12.47) were associated with an increased likelihood of greater severity of somatic symptoms. Yet, the interaction effect between both predictors remained non-signifcant. Being female and having no leadership position were predictors for a moderate to high level of somatization.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate the high relevance of work stress for somatic health among ECPs in the midst of a pandemic. Given the high overall prevalence of somatic symptoms and the female-dominated work sector, ECPs may be at high risk for somatoform disorders. There remains a strong need for action to reduce work-related stress in order to decrease the somatic symptom burden. Large-scale and longitudinal studies are needed to further investigate coping with and persistence of somatic symptoms among this occupational group.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Koelkebeck, Katja, Maja Pantovic Stefanovic, Dorota Frydecka, Claudia Palumbo, Olivier Andlauer, Florian Riese, Nikolina Jovanovic, and Mariana Pinto da Costa. "Barriers and facilitators to conducting research by early career psychiatrists: a literature review." Global Psychiatry 2, no. 2 (October 13, 2019): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gp-2019-0018.
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AbstractObjectivesTo understand and identify factors that promote and prevent research participation among early career psychiatrists (ECPs), in order to understand what would encourage more ECPs to pursue a research career.MethodsWe conducted an electronic search of databases (PubMed and the Cochrane library) using the keywords ‘doctors’, ‘trainees’, ‘residents’, ‘physicians’ and ‘psychiatric trainees’ as well as ‘research’ (MeSH) and ‘publishing’ (MeSH). This search was complemented by a secondary hand search.ResultsWe identified 524 articles, of which 16 fulfilled inclusion criteria for this review. The main barriers included lack of dedicated time for research, lack of mentoring and lack of funding. The main facilitators were opportunities to receive mentorship and access to research funding.ConclusionsAction is needed to counteract the lack of ECPs interested in a career in research. Specific programs encouraging ECPs to pursue research careers and having access to mentors could help increase the current numbers of researching clinicians in the field.
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Atkins, Kaitlyn, Caitlin E. Kennedy, Ping Teresa Yeh, and Manjulaa Narasimhan. "Over-the-counter provision of emergency contraceptive pills: a systematic review." BMJ Open 12, no. 3 (March 2022): e054122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054122.
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ObjectiveTo synthesise evidence around over-the-counter (OTC) emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) to expand the evidence base on self-care interventions.DesignSystematic review (PROSPERO# CRD42021231625).Eligibility criteriaWe included publications comparing OTC or pharmacy-access ECP with prescription-only ECPs and measuring ECP uptake, correct use, unintended pregnancy, abortion, sexual practices/behaviour, self-efficacy and side-effects/harms. We also reviewed studies assessing values/preferences and costs of OTC ECPs.Data sourcesWe searched PubMed, CINAL, LILACS, EMBASE, clinicaltrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, Cochrane Fertility Regulation and International Consortium for Emergency Contraception through 2 December 2020.Risk of biasFor trials, we used Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias; for other studies, we used the Evidence Project risk of bias tool.Data extraction and synthesisWe summarised data in duplicate using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Evidence Profile tables, reporting findings by study design and outcome. We qualitatively synthesised values/preferences and cost data.ResultsWe included 19 studies evaluating effectiveness of OTC ECP, 56 on values/preferences and 3 on costs. All studies except one were from high-income and middle-income settings. Broadly, there were no differences in overall ECP use, pregnancy or sexual behaviour, but an increase in timely ECP use, when comparing OTC or pharmacy ECP to prescription-only ECP groups. Studies showed similar/lower abortion rates in areas with pharmacy availability of ECPs. Users and providers generally supported OTC ECPs; decisions for use were influenced by privacy/confidentiality, convenience, and cost. Three modelling studies found pharmacy-access ECPs would lower health sector costs.ConclusionOTC ECPs are feasible and acceptable. They may increase access to and timely use of effective contraception. Existing evidence suggests OTC ECPs do not substantively change reproductive health outcomes. Future studies should examine OTC ECP’s impacts on user costs, among key subgroups and in low-resource settings.
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Gardner, Thomas. "Introduction." ADA Clinical Compendia 2022, no. 3 (2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db20223-1.
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The current publication builds on that foundation to address pragmatic approaches to improving bidirectional communication between eye care professionals (ECPs) and primary and specialty diabetes health care professionals (HCPs) and reducing barriers to diabetes-related eye care. In this compendium, we have chosen to use the term “diabetes-related retinal disease” (DRD) to reflect the involvement of the entire retina, including both vascular and neural elements. The principles set forth in the first compendium remain the basis for the clinical practice of ECPs when treating people with diabetes. Here, we describe the health status information ECPs need from HCPs, and the eye examination reports HCPs need from ECPs to improve diabetes and eye health outcomes for the patients they share. We also discuss the challenges of and opportunities to improve the detection and timely treatment of DRD in all people with diabetes, with a particular emphasis on individuals who are socioeconomically disadvantaged or face other significant impediments to obtaining recommended eye care services.
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Reynolds, Sherrol. "How to Interpret a Diabetes-Related Eye Examination Report." ADA Clinical Compendia 2022, no. 3 (2022): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db20223-8.
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Preventing or delaying the onset and slowing the progression of DRD is the goal of all eye care professionals (ECPs) and other health care professionals (HCPs) who participate in the care of people with diabetes. A crucial component of successfully meeting this goal is communication between ECPs and other diabetes HCPs to properly coordinate care. This chapter explains how to interpret eye examination reports for people with diabetes and reviews the latest information regarding diagnostic technologies, patient education, treatments, and telemedicine-based DRD screening. This information is necessary to facilitate collaborative care among ECPs and HCPs and ensure the best outcomes for their shared patients with diabetes.
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Htun, Khin Wai Wai, Korravarn Yodmai, and Pimsurang Taechaboonsermsak. "Emergency contraceptive pill use among women of reproductive age in Pathein, Myanmar." Journal of Health Research 33, no. 4 (July 7, 2019): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhr-07-2018-0047.
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Purpose Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) allow a second chance to prevent unwanted pregnancy in unplanned sexual intercourse. Therefore, it helps reduce the rate of induced or unsafe abortions. Although they are available over-the-counter in Myanmar, relevant information remains improperly known by women and its use is limited. The purpose of this paper is to identify the prevalence and associated factors of ECPs use among women of reproductive age in the delta region of Myanmar. Design/methodology/approach This community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Pathein Township, Ayeyarwady Division, Myanmar from March 30 to April 29, 2018. This study was conducted among 238 respondents selected using multistage sampling and face-to-face interviews employed structured questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the associations among variables. Findings The prevalence of ECPs use among reproductive aged women was 11.3 percent. Factors significantly associated with ECPs use were high monthly family income (AOR=4.50, 95% CI=1.31–15.48), condom use (AOR=4.40, 95% CI=1.07–18.16) and never having experienced pregnancy (AOR=6.20, 95% CI=2.06–18.67). Originality/value To improve the use of ECPs, extension of services such as opening hours or working days is needed. The government and NGOs should implement the services to support women who have encountered unplanned sexual intercourse so that unwanted pregnancy can be prevented.
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Reddy, Lucy, Ilana Moodley, and Tufayl Ahmed Muslim. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices of emergency care practitioners in the management of common dental emergencies in the eThekwini District, KwaZulu-Natal." South African Dental Journal 77, no. 07 (November 2, 2022): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2519-0105/2022/v77no7a2.
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It is essential to provide timeous and appropriate treatment in cases of dental emergencies. First responders such as Emergency Care Practitioners (ECPs) usually provide this prehospital care. The successful management of casualties experiencing common dental emergencies is dependent on two fundamental factors; the first responder's knowledge and ability to render the appropriate level and standard of medical care, and secondly, the time that expires between the onset of the incident and the initiation of definitive emergency medical treatment. Delayed or inappropriate management can have long term physiological and psychological effects.This was an exploratory and descriptive study, using quantitative and qualitative methods to determine the knowledge and attitudes of Emergency Care Practitioners of the eThekwini District of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, in the management of dental emergencies.The results revealed that Emergency Care Practitioners had inadequate knowledge, training, and understanding of the management of common dental emeregncies by ECPs. There was limited initial training, with a significant portion of the participants (44.9%, p 0.233) having not received any training at all in the management of orofacial traumas, and with a significant majority (78.3%, < 0.001) having no further education and training. Most ECPs indicated a desire to receive such training. This study indicated that ECPs lacked confidence in managing dental emergencies, which highlighted a need for specific dental awareness and training programs to further empower ECPs in the management of such emergencies.
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O'Keefe, Colin. "The management of children in unscheduled care services by emergency care practitioners." Emergency Medicine Journal 27, Suppl 1 (September 2010): A8.2—A8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.2010.103150.22.
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Background/objectivesEmergency Care Practitioners (ECPs) are an example of a new role in healthcare. ECPs are substituting for standard providers such as doctors in various unscheduled care services. In these services ECPs are managing paediatric cases, although there is no evidence for their effective management of this patient group. As part of a multi-centre trial we evaluated ECP effectiveness in the discharge of children following a minor illness or injury care episode.MethodsThree pairs of unscheduled services (urgent care, minor injury unit and out of hours) were included in the trial. Each pair comprised an intervention ECP service and a matched control service employing standard non-ECP providers. All care episodes of patients under the age of 16 were identified from the three pairs of services. The primary outcome was percentage of patients discharged after consultation.ResultsAcross all services the percentage of patients discharged by ECPs was significantly less than the percentage discharged by standard non-ECP providers (59% vs 66%; X2 = 10.1; df=1; p<0.05). ECPs discharged fewer patients in all three pairs of services and in the Out of Hours (X2=4.1; df=1; p< 0.05) and the Urgent Care Centre (X2=4.7; df=1; p<0.05) pairs the difference in discharge rates was statistically significant.ImplicationsECPs do not appear to be as effective as standard health providers in discharging children after care. ECPs may be better targeted at patients groups in which there is better evidence of their effectiveness.LimitationsFindings for these services individually may not be generalisable to other similar service settings. However, nationally, the participating services were not considered atypical in how ECP services had developed. It was not possible to design a randomised study in the context of ECP working because the services were already operational.
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O'Keefe, Colin. "The management of children in unscheduled care services by emergency care practitioners." Emergency Medicine Journal 27, Suppl 1 (September 2010): A8.2—A8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.2010.103150.22.
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Background/objectivesEmergency Care Practitioners (ECPs) are an example of a new role in healthcare. ECPs are substituting for standard providers such as doctors in various unscheduled care services. In these services ECPs are managing paediatric cases, although there is no evidence for their effective management of this patient group. As part of a multi-centre trial we evaluated ECP effectiveness in the discharge of children following a minor illness or injury care episode.MethodsThree pairs of unscheduled services (urgent care, minor injury unit and out of hours) were included in the trial. Each pair comprised an intervention ECP service and a matched control service employing standard non-ECP providers. All care episodes of patients under the age of 16 were identified from the three pairs of services. The primary outcome was percentage of patients discharged after consultation.ResultsAcross all services the percentage of patients discharged by ECPs was significantly less than the percentage discharged by standard non-ECP providers (59% vs 66%; X2 = 10.1; df=1; p<0.05). ECPs discharged fewer patients in all three pairs of services and in the Out of Hours (X2=4.1; df=1; p< 0.05) and the Urgent Care Centre (X2=4.7; df=1; p<0.05) pairs the difference in discharge rates was statistically significant.ImplicationsECPs do not appear to be as effective as standard health providers in discharging children after care. ECPs may be better targeted at patients groups in which there is better evidence of their effectiveness.LimitationsFindings for these services individually may not be generalisable to other similar service settings. However, nationally, the participating services were not considered atypical in how ECP services had developed. It was not possible to design a randomised study in the context of ECP working because the services were already operational.
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Lovink, Marleen Hermien, Miranda GH Laurant, Anneke JAH van Vught, Irma Maassen, Lisette Schoonhoven, Anke Persoon, and Raymond TCM Koopmans. "Substituting physicians with nurse practitioners, physician assistants or nurses in nursing homes: a realist evaluation case study." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 2019): e028169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028169.
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ObjectivesThis study aimed to gain insight into how substitution of elderly care physicians (ECPs) by nurse practitioners (NPs), physician assistants (PAs) or registered nurses (RNs) in nursing homes is modelled in different contexts and what model in what context contributes to perceived quality of healthcare. Second, this study aimed to provide insight into elements that contribute to an optimal model of substitution of ECPs by NPs, PAs or RNs.DesignA multiple-case study was conducted that draws on realist evaluation principles.SettingSeven nursing homes in the NetherlandsParticipantsThe primary participants were NPs (n=3), PAs (n=2) and RNs (n=2), working in seven different nursing homes and secondary participants were included; ECPs (n=15), medical doctors (MDs) (n=2), managing directors/managers/supervisors (n=11), nursing team members (n=33) and residents/relatives (n=78).Data collectionData collection consisted of: (1) observations of the NP/PA/RN and an ECP/MD, (2) interviews with all participants, (3) questionnaires filled out by the NP/PA/RN, ECPs/MDs and managing directors/managers and (4) collecting internal policy documents.ResultsAn optimal model of substitution of ECPs seems to be one in which the professional substitutes for the ECP largely autonomously, well-balanced collaboration occurs between the ECP and the substitute, and quality of healthcare is maintained. This model was seen in two NP cases and one PA case. Elements that enabled NPs and PAs to work according to this optimal model were among others: collaborating with the ECP based on trust; being proactive, decisive and communicative and being empowered by organisational leaders to work as an independent professional.ConclusionsCollaboration based on trust between the ECP and the NP or PA is a key element of successful substitution of ECPs. NPs, PAs and RNs in nursing homes may all be valuable in their own unique way, matching their profession, education and competences.
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Huvard, Michael. "How to Review and Incorporate Primary Care Records into Eye Care." ADA Clinical Compendia 2022, no. 3 (2022): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db20223-13.
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This chapter reviews the systemic components of diabetes that are associated with vision outcomes. It describes the usual routes of information flow via EMR systems and explains how EMR systems can enhance interprofessional communication between HCPs and ECPs. Finally, it explores how ECPs may benefit from reviewing HCPs' medical records for the patients they share.
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Binesse, Johan, Claude Delsert, Denis Saulnier, Marie-Christine Champomier-Vergès, Monique Zagorec, Hélène Munier-Lehmann, Didier Mazel, and Frédérique Le Roux. "Metalloprotease Vsm Is the Major Determinant of Toxicity for Extracellular Products of Vibrio splendidus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 23 (October 3, 2008): 7108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01261-08.
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ABSTRACT Genomic data combined with reverse genetic approaches have contributed to the characterization of major virulence factors of Vibrio species; however, these studies have targeted primarily human pathogens. Here, we investigate virulence factors in the oyster pathogen Vibrio splendidus LGP32 and show that toxicity is correlated to the presence of a metalloprotease and its corresponding vsm gene. Comparative genomics showed that an avirulent strain closely related to LGP32 lacked the metalloprotease. The toxicity of LGP32 metalloprotease was confirmed by exposing mollusk and mouse fibroblastic cell lines to extracellular products (ECPs) of the wild type (wt) and a vsm deletion mutant (Δvsm mutant). The ECPs of the wt induced a strong cytopathic effect whose severity was cell type dependent, while those of the Δvsm mutant were much less toxic, and exposure to purified protein demonstrated the direct toxicity of the Vsm metalloprotease. Finally, to investigate Vsm molecular targets, a proteomic analysis of the ECPs of both LGP32 and the Δvsm mutant was performed, revealing a number of differentially expressed and/or processed proteins. One of these, the VSA1062 metalloprotease, was found to have significant identity to the immune inhibitor A precursor, a virulence factor of Bacillus thuringiensis. Deletion mutants corresponding to several of the major proteins were constructed by allelic exchange, and the ECPs of these mutants proved to be toxic to both cell cultures and animals. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Vsm is the major toxicity factor in the ECPs of V. splendidus.
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Shirodker, Suchana S. Shet, Najiya Sundus K. Meethal, Deepmala Mazumdar, and Rashima Asokan. "Performance of perimetric glaucoma staging systems and their preference patterns among the Indian eye care practitioners." Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 72, no. 3 (February 28, 2024): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_2060_23.
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Context: Various systems are available to stage glaucomatous field defects into different severity grades. Still, the preference for such systems among Indian eye care practitioners (ECPs) and the consensus between them are not explored. Purpose: To compare the clinical performance of perimetric glaucoma staging systems and to assess their preference patterns among Indian ECPs. Setting and Design: Retro-prospective cross-sectional study. Methods: Three investigators stratified 400 perimetry reports using four systems: Hodapp Anderson Parrish (HAP), enhanced Glaucoma Severity Staging (eGSS), Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS), and Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS). Their performance was compared in terms of agreement and association. Following this, 30 ECPs from across the country segregated a subset of reports (n = 20) into different stages based on their system of choice, and their preferences/perceptions about the available perimetry staging systems were enquired and documented. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics, Kruskal–Wallis, Cohen’s kappa, and Spearman’s correlation. Results: For the consolidated severity stages, substantial agreements (K ranging from 0.61 to 0.75) were found between all the systems, except for HAP–CIGTS (K = 0.58) and AGIS–CIGTS (K = 0.51). All ECPs were aware of perimetry staging systems, and a high preference was reported for HAP (97%) due to ease of implementation and interpretation. Conclusion: Among the four staging systems, the highest agreement was found between HAP and eGSS. A majority of ECPs proposed the need for a uniform classification system across the practices for clinical comparisons and patient education.
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Clemens, Norman A. "ECPs and Psychotherapy: Battling the Obstacles." Psychiatric News 51, no. 16 (August 19, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2016.8b5.
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MAHONEY, DIANA. "Rapid Repeat Pregnancies Persist Despite ECPs." Pediatric News 41, no. 7 (July 2007): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-398x(07)70449-6.
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Verma, Anjana, Medha Mathur, Jitendra Kumar Meena, Mukesh Kabra, and Suresh Choudhary. "Use of emergency contraceptive pill in India: boon or bane." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 1 (December 26, 2020): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20205817.
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It has been almost fifteen years since emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) have been made available over the counter in India. There have been concerns about the overuse/misuse of ECPs and probability to replace regular contraceptive methods. This article presents various facets of the use of emergency contraceptive pills in India and highlights the importance of potential research to prevent its misuse.
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Chen, Zhi, Jifang Wang, Jun Jiang, Bi Yang, and Pauline Cho. "The Impact of Antibiotic Usage Guidelines, Developed and Disseminated through Internet, on the Knowledge, Attitude and Prescribing Habits of Orthokeratology Contact Lens Practitioners in China." Antibiotics 11, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020179.
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It has been previously reported that the improper prescribing of antibiotic eye drops is common among orthokeratology (ortho-k) practitioners. Guidelines have since been developed and disseminated to improve their understanding and implementation of antibiotic prescriptions. This study aimed to investigate the influence of these guidelines on the knowledge, attitude, and prescribing habits of ortho-k practitioners by means of a questionnaire, which was administered nationwide via an official online account to eye care practitioners (ECPs) involved in ortho-k lens fitting, 548 of whom completed the survey. Differences in characteristics before and after the dissemination of the guidelines and between the groups were explored using χ2 tests. The relationship between prescribing habits and demographics was analyzed using stepwise logistic regression models. The implementation of the guidelines significantly improved the overall prescribing habits of ECPs (p < 0.001), especially for prophylactic antibiotic use before and after ortho-k lens wear (p < 0.001). Most ECPs who prescribed antibiotics properly displayed significantly better knowledge of correct antibiotic use, which in turn affected the compliance in their ortho-k patients (p < 0.001). The ECPs’ occupations (professionals other than ophthalmologists and optometrists, including nurses and opticians), clinical setting (distributor fitting centers), and age (younger than 25 years) were risk factors for the misuse of antibiotics. Although the implementation of the antibiotic guidelines significantly improved overall prescribing habits, some practitioners’ prescribing behavior still needs improvement. A limitation of this study was that all questions were mandatory, requiring ECPs to recall information, and therefore was subjected to selection and recall bias.
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Oriani, M. G., and J. Beezhold. "The EPA Gaining Experience Programme: A Great Experience for Young Professionals." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.184.
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IntroductionMental health services in many European countries are undergoing to changes: it is important that early career psychiatrists (ECPs) have opportunities to broaden their professional horizons and better understand the international context of the upcoming changes: then, they can become aware protagonists of these changes and the future of the mental health system in their countries and in Europe. The gaining experience programme (GEP), offering ECPs observership placements in various psychiatric institutions across the Europe, can boost it.AimsWe aim to consider how the EPA GEP can provide a unique professional and cultural understanding of the mental health services across the Europe and positively affect the ECPs’ career.Methods and resultsStarting from an experience of the GEP in 2016, we will discuss how it represents a great chance to observe the clinical work of multidisciplinary teams and an opportunity to visit different countries. Many aspects were significant, starting from the different organization of the mental health services, as well as the influence of different cultures on the mental health care system and the patient's expectations.ConclusionsAttending EPA GEP is an important chance for ECPs to improve their professional and organizational skills as well as a great skill-building opportunity and personal growth experience. The GEP is at his third edition this year and it has having a growing success among young psychiatrists. It gives them a chance to improve mentoring and professional networks among experts and ECPs and to get more involved in the EPA activities.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Gritzka, Susan, Peter Angerer, Reinhard Pietrowsky, and Mathias Diebig. "The Impact of the Implementation of Preventive Measures Due to COVID-19 on Work Design and Early Childhood Professionals’ Well-Being—A Qualitative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (February 3, 2022): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031739.
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The reopening of child-care programs during COVID-19 demanded comprehensive preventive measures. Research to date has overlooked this reopening process as well as early childhood professionals’ (ECPs) implementation efforts and resulting changes in their work practices and well-being. As a result, this study sought insights into (1) the practical implementation of measures, (2) perceptions and evaluations of measures, (3) changes in work characteristics, and (4) its impact on well-being. Qualitative interviews were conducted with German child-care managers (N = 27) between June and August 2020. The semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and content-analyzed using MAXQDA. ECPs, through a combination of high effort and engagement, ensured the feasibility of most preventive measures. This included practices which were perceived to be unreasonable or ones which were stricter than practices required for the public. This exacerbated the critical work characteristics (e.g., high workload, overtime, and multitasking) from pre-pandemic scenarios and led to new work demands (e.g., changes in work content and social interactions). ECPs maintained intensive work demands and consequently suffered from broad strain outcomes (e.g., worry, exhaustion, anger, fear of infection, and reduced psychological sense of community). This study highlights the adverse psychosocial work environment of ECPs despite the necessity of ensuring health and safety at work.
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Ma, Xiaoxia, Ying Zhu, Shengxian Cheng, Huanxi Zheng, Yousong Liu, Zhiqiang Qiao, Guangcheng Yang, and Kaili Zhang. "Energetic composites based on nano-Al and energetic coordination polymers (ECPs): The “father-son” effect of ECPs." Chemical Engineering Journal 392 (July 2020): 123719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.123719.
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Shukla, Pallavi, Hemant Kumar Pullabhotla, and Mary Arends-Kuenning. "Choosing Plan B Over Plan A: Risk Compensation Theory and Contraceptive Choice in India." Demography 58, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): 273–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00703370-8932007.
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Abstract Can women's contraceptive method choice be better understood through risk compensation theory? This theory implies that people act with greater care when the perceived risk of an activity is higher and with less care when it is lower. We examine how increased over-the-counter access to emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) accompanied by marketing campaigns in India affected women's contraceptive method choices and incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Although ECPs substantially reduce the risk of pregnancy, they are less effective than other contraceptive methods and do not reduce the risk of STIs. We test whether an exogenous policy change that increased access to ECPs leads people to substitute away from other methods of contraception, such as condoms, thereby increasing the risk of both unintended pregnancy and STIs. We find evidence for risk compensation in terms of reduced use of condoms but not for increases in rates of STIs.
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GUO, YING, HONGYAN KUANG, DAZU HUANG, and ZHISHENG ZHAO. "POLARIZATION ENTANGLEMENT CONCENTRATIONS WITH LESS-HYPERENTANGLED PHOTON PAIRS IN MULTIPLE DEGREES OF FREEDOM." International Journal of Quantum Information 10, no. 07 (October 2012): 1250075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021974991250075x.
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We demonstrate two entanglement concentration protocols (ECPs) for photon pairs in less-hyperentanglement, the simultaneous entanglement in multiple degrees of freedom. Using these ECPs, some maximally entangled states in polarization can be reconstructed deterministically from less-hyperentangled ones shared between remote participants. Both of the success probabilities are 100% in principle, and they do not require additional single photons. The former is implemented with the passive linear optics, which is achievable with current technology. The later adopts the cross-Kerr nonlinearity media to complete this task, which can increase the efficiency of the entanglement concentration process since it does not require the sophisticated single-photon detectors for measurements. The two ECPs are useful for practical long-distance quantum communication due to the fact that the entangled state in either the spatial degree of freedom or the frequency degree of freedom suffers little from channel noise in optical fiber.
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Meena, Pragati, Seema Meena, Richa Choudhary, and Bharti Sharma. "KAP study on emergency contraception among women of reproductive age group attending JNUIMSRC OPD, Jaipur, India." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 12, no. 6 (May 26, 2023): 1749–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20231548.
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Background: Unintended pregnancy, unplanned birth and unsafe abortion have been a major challenge to the reproductive health of women worldwide. Despite the availability of highly efficient contraceptive technologies, there are still many undesired pregnancies that put women at a higher risk of mortality, frequently as a result of unsafe abortion. Emergency contraceptive pills can be used to prevent these unwanted pregnancies. Aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of use of emergency contraception among women of reproductive age group attending JNUIMSRC OPD, Jaipur, India. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 females of reproductive age group attending JNUIMSRC OPD, Jaipur, India. Data was collected using pretested semi-structured questionnaire after written informed consent. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data generated. Results: Among respondents who were aware of ECPs, 64% had good knowledge of it, 90% had positive attitude towards ECPs and 63% have used earlier. A significant association was found between age, residence, educational level and occupational status with awareness of ECPs. Conclusions: Awareness and utilization of emergency contraceptive pills is low among females of reproductive age group attending OPD at JNUIMSRC. Thus awareness should be enhanced through formal education, communication from healthcare professionals and media that can offer trustworthy and accurate information on ECPs.
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Arehart-Treichel, Joan. "Some ECPs Predict Future of American Psychiatry." Psychiatric News 49, no. 15 (July 25, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2014.6b1.
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Santos, M., A. Samouco, Z. Azvee, D. Krishnan, N. Zaja, J. Pedro, R. Maitra, et al. "Leadership skills training in Psychiatry: A European-based cross-sectional survey." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.265.
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Introduction Leadership in healthcare organisations is crucial to continually improve and provide high quality compassionate care. Leadership development and training enables the psychiatrists in developing these essential skills. Focusing on how to enhance leadership development through leadership skills training and experiential learning should be a priority. However, little is known about the extent to which this leadership skills training is available across Europe in the early stage of the career of psychiatrists. Objectives To investigate the access to leadership development opportunities among European psychiatric trainees and early career psychiatrists (ECPs) and their perceptions related to leadership skills training. Methods Cross-sectional study, using an online survey consisting of multiple-choice questions and free text responses. Results Participants from 33 European countries took part in this survey, where the majority were female. More than half were general adult psychiatric trainees and more than a quarter ECPs. About half indicated having no access to leadership skills training within their training program, with only about 10% being satisfied with the training received. About half sought additional training outside their program. A vast majority requested training in leadership skills to be included in a psychiatric training program. Conclusions Our study provides an overview of important gaps in availability and access to leadership skills training amongst psychiatric trainees and ECPs across Europe. We hope that this study will help inform future actions pertaining to development and improvement of leadership skills training for trainees and ECPs across Europe. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Lima, Fatema Akter, Ayesha Mahzabin Chowdhury, Debashish Kumer Ghosh, Airin Salim, Md Hasibul Alam, and Md Shahin Uddin. "Contraceptive Practices and Awareness of Emergency Contraceptive Pills among Rural Women of Reproductive Age." Central Medical College Journal 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cemecj.v6i1.66427.
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Background: Regular contraceptive use and emergency contraception are tools to prevent population explosion. Objective: To assess the contraceptive practices and awareness of emergency contraceptive pills among rural women of reproductive age. Methods: The cross sectional study is conducted over 3months (December 2021 to February 2022) among 345 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who living with their husbands in selected rural residence at Mostafapur village under Sadar Upazilla in Cumilla district. Women who were pregnant, had a child younger than 2 years, or had any physical & psychological disorder were excluded. Participants are selected by convenience sampling technique, data are collected by face to face interview with a semi-structured questionnaire to assess socio-demographic characteristics, contraceptive practices and awareness of emergency contraceptive pills. Data are analysed by SPSS software. Results: In this study, majority (48.7%) of the participants are in the age group 25-34 years. Most of them are housewives (92.2%) and 33.0%has secondary education. The mean (±SD) monthly family income of the participants is 25463.77 (±15971.158) tk and 58.3% of the participants has 1-2 children. About the current practice of contraceptive method, 52.2% of the participants practice and OCP is the widely used method (58.3%), 44.40% take decision by both husband and wife. About reasons for using contraceptives, majority (38.3%) of them use due to spacing of birth and 27.2% cases do not use due to husband disapproval. Regarding awareness of ECPs, 55.9% of them aware of and Norpill is the widely heard method (20.7%). 27.4% of the participants’ source of information is frommedia: TV/Radio. About correct time of taking ECPs, 33.60%of them have no knowledge. Regarding conditions where ECPs are to be taken, majority 39.7% of them have no knowledge. About benefits of taking ECPs, majority (79.30%) of them know it can prevent pregnancy. Conclusion Contraceptive practices and awareness of ECPs are not satisfactory among rural women. So national wide campaign program should be conducted to improve this field.
Central Medical College Journal Vol 6 No 1 January 2022 Page: 22-27
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Chumakov, E., A. Gvozdetsky, and N. Petrova. "Burnout among early career psychiatrists in Russia – results of a cross-sectional study." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S352—S353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.896.
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Introduction Despite the long history of burnout studies, the problem of burnout among psychiatric specialists in Russia is insufficiently studied. The risk of burnout is the highest among psychiatrists in the first 10 years of their career. Objectives To assess the prevalence and severity of burnout in early career psychiatrists (ECPs) in Russia. Methods An anonymous online survey of ECPs in Russia was conducted in July-August 2019 with a screening for burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The final sample consisted of 165 people (61.2% women; mean age 31.05±3.88). 95.2% of respondents lived in urban areas. Results A high level of burnout according to at least one of the MBI scales was revealed in 71.5% of ECPs: in 79 (78.2%) women and 39 (60.9%) men (χ2(1)=5.74; p=0.017). Mean values of the MBI Emotional Exhaustion scale corresponded to 23.33±8.97 and 17.97±8.49 (U=1999.5; p=0.003), the MBI Depersonalization scale – 10.46±4.81 and 9.16±4.22 (U=2598.5; p=0.083), and the MBI Personal Accomplishment scale – 33.02±5.98 and 35.32±5.75 (U=2409.5; p=0.026) for women and men, respectively. The following risk factors for professional burnout were identified: female sex (OR=3.54 [95% CI: 1.96; 6.39], p<0.001), overlapping of several working positions (OR=2.44 [95% CI: 1.36; 4.37], p=0.003), difficulties in work due to changes in documentation requirements introduced since the start of career (OR=2.32 [95% CI: 1.31; 4.11], p=0.004). Conclusions A high frequency of burnout among ECPs in Russia was revealed which suggests the urgent need for studies assessing the ways to prevent burnout in psychiatrists in Russia. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Chen, Ferng-Ruey, Ping-Chung Liu, and Kuo-Kau Lee. "Lethal Attribute of Serine Protease Secreted by Vibrio alginolyticus Strains in Kuruma Prawn Penaeus japonicus." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 55, no. 1-2 (February 1, 2000): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2000-1-218.
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Abstract Toxicity of the extracellular products (ECP) and the lethal attribute of serine protease secreted by five pathogenic Vibrio alginolyticus strains from various sources in kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus were studied. The ECPs of organisms originally isolated from diseased kuruma prawn or small abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta were more lethal (LD50 value of 0.48 or 0.41 μg protein/g prawn) than those from diseased tiger prawn P.monodon, yellowfin porgy Acanthopagrus latus or horse mackerel (LD50 value of 0.98 -1.17 μg protein/g prawn). All the ECPs manifested strong, weak and no activities against gelatin, sheep erythrocytes and chitin, respectively. In immunodiffusion tests using rabbit antiserum to a purified 33 kDa serine protease of strain Swy against ECP of each tested strain produced one single precipitation band in each treatment. Furtherm ore, the serine protease was suggested to be the dominant protease secreted by V. alginolyticus strains tested since the majority of enzymatic activity of the respective ECP was inhibited by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). A higher inhibition of serine protease activity by PMSF resulted in lower mortality rate of the ECPs injected into the prawns suggesting that the protease is one of the major lethal factor(s) secreted by Valginolyticus.
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Terrell, Ben, Zoe Bull, and David Webley. "Perception of ECPs towards multifocal contact lens fitting." Contact Lens and Anterior Eye 45, no. 1 (February 2022): 101667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2022.101667.
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