Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ecotoxicology

Academic literature on the topic 'Ecotoxicology'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Ecotoxicology"

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Divya, Deepthimahanthi. "Ecotoxicology-Study aspects." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-3 (April 30, 2018): 1255–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd11057.

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Burton, M. A. S., and Lennart Rasmussen. "Ecotoxicology." Journal of Applied Ecology 23, no. 3 (December 1986): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2403970.

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Edwards, R. W., and F. Ramade. "Ecotoxicology." Journal of Applied Ecology 24, no. 3 (December 1987): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2404015.

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Locke, David C. "Ecotoxicology." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 113, no. 1 (January 1986): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2996240.

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CALOW, P. "Ecotoxicology?" Journal of Zoology 218, no. 4 (August 1989): 701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb05011.x.

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Zehnder, Alexander J. B. "Ecotoxicology." Environmental Science & Technology 37, no. 11 (June 2003): 199A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es032457p.

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Smith, Steve. "Ecotoxicology." Biological Conservation 43, no. 4 (1988): 321–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(88)90124-3.

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Abel, P. D. "Ecotoxicology." Endeavour 9, no. 3 (January 1985): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-9327(85)90144-9.

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Moriarty, F. "Ecotoxicology." Human Toxicology 7, no. 5 (September 1988): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032718800700510.

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1 Ecotoxicology is concerned ultimately with the effects of pollutants on populations not individuals. Sub-lethal effects, and changes to the environment, can have a greater impact on population size than does acute toxicity. 2 Effective concern about effects of pollutants on wildlife developed after the Second World War with the advent of synthetic pesticides, and the difficulties encountered then in the evaluation of the effects of insecticides are still with us. 3 Effects on wildlife are probably often unnoticed and to demonstrate causes of observed effects usually difficult. 4 Two underlying problems are that ecology is still a relatively young science and that we lack a consensus on the value of wildlife. 5 We need to improve our predictive abilities for effects of pollutants and we also need long-term monitoring schemes that have clear objectives.
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Peakall, David B., and Lee R. Shugart. "Ecotoxicology." Ecotoxicology 1, no. 1 (September 1992): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00702651.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ecotoxicology"

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Obrike, Rachel Ethemena. "Microbial ecotoxicology of phosphonates in soil." Thesis, University of Reading, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515748.

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Wong, Carol Hee Ting. "Ecotoxicology of estuarine amphipod Paracorophium excavatum." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Environmental Science, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7022.

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The estuarine tube dwelling amphipod Paracorophium excavatum was investigated for its suitability as a bio-indicator and bio-monitor. Distribution patterns of P. excavatum were determined at 13 sites in the Canterbury region that differed in particle size distribution ranging from sandy to muddy sediment, with overall low organic content. Low tide salinity ranged from 5 to 33 0/00 between sites and sediment moisture content ranged between 23 to 41% moisture. Amphipods were absent from most sites within the Avon-Heathcote Estuary. The availability, life history and fecundity of P. excavatum were compared from intertidal mudflat sites in Brooklands Lagoon and Kairaki over a period of thirteen months. Four sediment core samples were collected at monthly intervals and P. Excavatum’s population structure and life history pattern studied. The life history of P. excavatum can be characterised by fast-growing, annual, iteroporous, bivoltine, females ovigerous throughout the year and thelygenous (female biased) population. P. excavatum showed relative consistency in abundance throughout the year with monthly densities ranging from 875.79 per 0.1 m⁻² (July) to 1754.77 per 0.1 m⁻² (December) at Brooklands Lagoon and 1031.83 per 0.1 m² (November) to 1780.24 per 0.1 m² (December) at Kairaki. There was a linear relationship between numbers of eggs per female and female length. P. excavatum show no statistically significant difference in brood mortality between the early and later development stages. P. excavatum was investigated for its potential use in short-term (acute) sediment toxicity tests. In 10-days sediment tolerance tests using sediment from nine sites (8 + control) in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, amphipod survival was overall high in most sites (above 70%). However, low survival was found for site 7 and 9, indicating that P. excavatum may be a good discriminator of sediment quality. However, P. Exc avatum mortality was not significantly correlated to sediment type (p = 0.99, ƒ = 0.06) nor copper content of sediment (p = 0.99, ƒ = 0.01). The effects of copper concentrations on the survival, emergence and reburial of P. excavatum were investigated. Amphipods were exposed to 10-days to 7 sub-lethal copper concentrations (2.7, 15.96, 20.45, 23.92, 32.02, 42.99 and 84.62 μg g-¹ wet weight sediment). The results show clear dose-dependent effects of copper on survival and behaviour on P. excavatum. Copper toxicity test indicates P. excavatum high sensitivity to the heavy metal copper. Median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) was 53.026 μg g⁻¹ Cu (wet weight) and edian effect concentration (EC₅₀) was 47.89 μg g⁻¹ Cu (wet weight). Emergence increased with increasing metal concentrations indicating that the ontaminants had a sublethal behavioural effect. Concentration of copper in P. excavatum tissues increased significantly with increasing metal sediment concentration. The ability of P. excavatum to accumulate heavy metals into their body tissues makes this species suitable for use used as a copper bio-indicator. Further work should concentrate on the response of P. excavatum to known contaminants and the influence of non-contaminant variables to better characterises P. excavatum's relative sensitivity. It is concluded that P. excavatum can be used as an effective tool for use in ecotoxicological studies. Natural behaviour, laboratory experiments, and sediment bioassays and its availability throughout the year has demonstrated that P. excavatum can be used as a bio-monitor.
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Silva, Daniel Clemente Vieira Rêgo da. "Toxicidade da água e sedimento dos reservatórios Guarapiranga, Billings e Paiva Castro, na região metropolitana de São Paulo - SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-23102013-091653/.

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Levando-se em consideração a grande demanda por água e por fim a poluição emergente nos dias de hoje, o gerenciamento dos corpos hídricos deve ser algo constante, com o propósito preventivo e corretivo, sendo o objetivo deste trabalho a análise das condições ecotoxicológicas e limnológicas dos reservatórios Guarapiranga, Billings e Paiva Castro, na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, que é abastecida por tais reservatórios. Foram realizadas duas coletas, sedo uma em Maio de 2011, na estação seca, e outra em Janeiro de 2012, na estação chuvosa. Em cada reservatório foram analisados cinco pontos próximos à captação de água pela SABESP. A água e sedimento foram avaliados quanto à toxicidade aguda e crônica através de bioensaios com os cladóceros Daphnia similis e Ceriodaphnia dubia para a água e D. similis e Chironomus xanthus para o sedimento. O tratamento dos dados ocorreu através dos testes de Dunnett\'s ou Steel\'s Many-one Hank e Kruskal-Wallis (fecundidade / sobrevivência) e Fisher Exact Test (mortalidade). Os parâmetros limnológicos analisados na água foram: pH, temperatura, condutividade elétrica, material em suspensão (orgânico e inorgânico), sólidos totais, oxigênio dissolvido, DQO, DBO, nitrogênio total, nitrato, nitrito, amônio, fósforo total, ortofosfato e clorofila a. Os parâmetros físico-químicos do sedimento analisados foram: pH, temperatura, granulometria, teor de Matéria Orgânica e metais (Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb e Mn). O grau de associação entre as variáveis limnológicas da água, sedimento, e testes ecotoxicológicos, foi avaliado em teste não-paramétrico, através do Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman. As mesmas variáveis também foram analisadas através da Análise dos Componentes Principais (ACP). O Índice de Estado Trófico mostrou serem os reservatórios Guarapiranga e Billings os mais eutrofizados dentre os corpos hídricos estudados. Conforme os parâmetros analisados na água, alguns parâmetros de certos pontos amostrais estiveram fora dos Padrões estabelecidos pela Resolução CONAMA nº 357/05. Houve influência das chuvas em relação aos parâmetros limnológicos da água, mas o mesmo não foi evidenciado em relação aos resultados dos testes ecotoxicológicos. No geral os dados sugerem ser o sedimento dos reservatórios com maior potencial tóxico do que a água. Os dados ainda sugerem um gradiente de toxicidade, começando pelo reservatório Billings, Guarapiranga e por último Paiva Castro, sendo este o menos tóxico. Houve uma possível correlação entre os metais encontrados no sedimento dos reservatórios mais eutrofizados e a toxicidade obtida nos testes ecotoxicológicos. Os dados sugerem que maiores esforços preventivos e corretivos devem ser alocados para os reservatórios mais eutrofizados e com maiores ocorrências de toxicidade, como é o caso de Guarapiranga e Billings, enquanto que no terceiro reservatório, Paiva Castro, o monitoramento e esforços preventivos serão satisfatórios, mantendo os padrões de qualidade de suas águas em relação aos parâmetros analisados neste trabalho.
Considering the great water demand and the increase pollution in the present-day, the management of the hydric bodies must be something constant, with the preventive and corrective purpose, being the objective of this work to analyze the ecotoxicological and limnological conditions of Guarapiranga, Billings and Paiva Castro reservoirs, in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, that\'s supplied by these reservoirs. It was made 2 collections, one in May 2011, in the dry season, and the other in January 2012, in the wet season. In each reservoir it was analyzed 5 points next to the water captation station by the SABESP. The water and sediment were analyzed as for acute and chronic toxicity through bioEssays with the cladocerans Daphnia similis and Ceriodaphnia dubia to the water and D. similis and Chironomus Xanthus to the sediment. The data treatment occurred through the Dunnett\'s or Steel\'s Many-one Hank and Kruskal-Wallis (fecundity/ survival) and Fisher Exact Test (mortality). The limnological water parameters analyzed were: pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, suspended solids (organic and inorganic), total solids, dissolved oxygen, COD, BOD, total nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, total phosphorus, orthophosphate and chlorophyll a. The physical-chemical analyzed parameters in sediment were: pH, temperature, granulometry, organic matter, and metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and Mn). The association level between the limnological variables in water, sediment, and ecotoxicological tests, was available in non-parametric tests, through the Spearman correlation coefficient. The same variables were analyzed through the Principal Component Analysis. The Trophic State Index show the Guarapiranga and Billings reservoir as the most eutrophicated between the hydric bodies studied. According to the analyzed parameters in the water, some parameters of certain points were out of the standards established by CONAMA Resolution nº 357/05. There was influence from the rain in relation to the limnological parameters from water, but the same standard was not evidenced in relation to the results from the ecotoxicological tests. In general, the data suggest being the reservoir sediments with more toxic potential than the water. The data still suggest a toxicity gradient, beginning in the Billings and Guarapiranga reservoir, and for last Paiva Castro, being this one the less toxic. There was one possible correlation between the metal found in the more eutrophicated reservoir sediment and the toxicity obtained in the ecotoxicological tests. The data suggest that greater preventive and corrective efforts must be allocated to the more eutrophicated reservoirs with more toxicity occurrences, as the case of Guarapiranga and Billings, while in the third reservoir, Paiva Castro, the monitoring and preventive efforts will be satisfactory, keeping the water quality standard in relation to the parameters analyzed in this work.
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Monteiro, Jhonatas Sirino. "Análise do transcritoma do mexilhão marrom (Perna perna) sob contaminação por antraceno." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/95/95131/tde-11122017-153201/.

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O mexilhão marrom Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) auxilia no monitoramento de compostos químicos em ecossistemas marinhos. No entanto, os mecanismos moleculares de detoxificação e resposta ao estresse são desconhecidos. Elucidar esses mecanismos é crucial para entender os efeitos tóxicos dos poluentes químicos e desenvolver biomarcadores para avaliar a qualidade ambiental dos ecossistemas marinhos. No presente estudo, indivíduos da espécie P. perna foram expostos a antraceno (ANT) e os RNAs mensageiros (mRNA) das brânquias foram sequenciados com a plataforma Illumina. A análise química do tecido mole dos animais identificou concentrações de ANT 268 a 715 vezes mais alta no grupo exposto comparado ao grupo controle, demonstrando que a exposição foi realizada com sucesso. O sequenciamento do transcritoma do P. perna gerou 273.152.390 pares de reads, resultando na montagem de 231.728 contigs com tamanho médio de 720 pb e N50 de 1.083 pb, os quais 66.563 contigs (28,7%) pode ser anotado utilizando banco de dados como GenBank, Pfam, Gene Ontology e KEGG. Os resultados obtidos a partir da anotação funcional sugerem que as brânquias tenham papel na biotransformação de xenobióticos, resposta antioxidante, sinalização, resposta imunológica inata, e osmorregulação. Foi possível identificar genes de biotransformação de fase I, II e III, incluindo CYPs e GSTs. Transcritos similares a CYPs e GSTs estavam sendo expressos no grupo exposto, porém nenhum deles foram classificados como diferencialmente expressos. Contudo, muitos genes hipotéticos foram diferencialmente expressos, o que sugere que P. perna utilize mecanismos desconhecidos de biotransformação para lidar com a contaminação de ANT. Genes de sistema imune inato foram regulados tanto positivamente quanto negativamente, assim como observado para Perna viridis exposto a benzo(a)pireno, sugerindo que ANT promove alterações da capacidade de resposta do sistema imune inato do P. perna.
The brown mussel Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) helps the monitoring of chemical compounds in marine ecosystems. However its molecular mechanisms of detoxification and stress response remain unclear. Elucidating these mechanisms is crucial to understand the toxic effects of chemical pollutants and to develop biomarkers to assess marine ecosystems. In this study, P. perna individuals were exposed to anthracene (ANT) and its mRNA complement was sampled sequenced with Illumina technology. Chemical analysis of the soft tissue identified ANT concentrations 268 - 715 fold higher in the exposed group compared to controls, demonstrating that the exposure procedure was successfully accomplished. Transcriptome sequencing of P. perna generated 273.152.390 paired reads that were assembled in 231.728 contigs of average length 720 bp and N50 1.083 bp , which 66.563 contigs (28,7%) could be annotated using GenBank genes, Pfam domains, Gene Ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathways. The results obtained from functional annotation suggest gills play a role in xenobiotics biotransformation, antioxidant response, signal transduction, innate immune response, and osmoregulation. It was possible to identify transcripts similar to genes related with biotransformation reactions of phases I, II and III, including CYPs and GSTs. Transcripts similar to CYPs and GSTs isoforms were highly expressed in the group exposed to ANT, however no CYP, GST, or even other genes related with biotransformation reactions were classified as differentially expressed. On the other hand, several hypothetical genes were differentially expressed, which suggests that P. perna uses unknown mechanisms of biotransformation to deal with ANT stress contamination. Immune related-genes were both up and down-regulated, as was also observed for Perna viridis exposed to benzo(a)pyrene, suggesting that ANT promotes alteration in the immune response of P. perna.
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MacVicker, Helen J. "The ecotoxicology of rodenticide use on farms." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29783.

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The major findings of the study were as follows: 1. Rats ate significantly more coumatetralyl than brodifacoum, and rats in an area of physiological resistance (central southern England) ate greater quantities of rodenticide than rats in the east midlands. Coumatetralyl failed to achieve rat control on farms in central southern England. 2. Physiological resistance was suspected on two farms in the east midlands (near Lincoln) where rats ate excessive quantities of coumatetralyl and the control programme was unexpectedly extended. 3. GCMS analyses performed on extracts of 169 whole rodents revealed that some rats had eaten levels of coumatetralyl that far exceeded a lethal dose for susceptible animals. Excessive bait consumption occurred mostly in the area of physiological resistance, but also on the two sites in the east midlands where resistance was suspected. Brodifacoum consumption by some rats was also high, but complete control was usually achieved with brodifacoum and there was no evidence of any resistance to brodifacoum. 4. HPLC analyses carried out on 10 rats from coumatetralyl sites (five from each region), revealed that trapped, physiologically-resistant animals are capable of carrying 50 times the LD50 of coumatetralyl without any obvious ill effect. Rats from the east midlands carried a significantly lower load of coumatetralyl. 5. Video observations gave no evidence to support a bait point monopoly theory. Interactions at feeding sites were common. 6. This study has revealed that the potential exposure of non-target predators and scavengers to rodenticides is considerably higher in areas where rats show physiological resistance. This fact is discussed with reference to the regulation and monitoring of pesticides in the UK.
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Mansi, Sadoniben E. "Heavy metals and their ecotoxicology in estuaries." Thesis, University of Essex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426006.

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Rosenkranz, Philipp. "The ecotoxicology of nanoparticles in Daphnia magna." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2010. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/3808.

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Manufactured nanoparticles are increasingly being used in the production of consumer products and appliances. A release in the environment, either intended through remediation or unintended through a spill at production sites, through wastewater or product degradation, is most likely to occur. Due to their small size, nanoparticles have a far greater surface area to unit mass ratio than conventional substances, rendering them potentially more reactive. This project aims to obtain key data on the ecotoxicology of nanoparticles in the aquatic environment. Initially, data from acute and chronic toxicity tests were gathered by exposing the invertebrate Daphnia magna to nanoparticles of carbon black, cerium dioxide, silver and titanium dioxide. The endpoints were mortality, moulting frequency, growth and number of offspring. The results indicate that a gradient of toxicity can be drawn, with cerium dioxide being the least toxic, to silver being the most toxic. Also a size dependent increase of toxicity was observed, with exposures to nano sized particles being more toxic than micro sized particles. Uptake and fate of nano sized materials were studied by exposing D. magna to fluorescent polystyrene beads of 20 nm and 1000 nm sizes and the results were compared. Both particle sizes were readily taken up in the gut and relocated in storage droplets within the body of D. magna. A quantification of the results showed that the mass of 1000 nm sized particles taken up was higher at equal exposure concentrations than the 20 nm sized particle but the excretion rate was higher as well for the 1000 nm particles. However, when assessing uptake as surface area or particle number dose, uptake of 20 nm particles exceeds uptake of 1000 nm particles. To assess the effect of nanoparticles on oxidative stress, the total antioxidant capacity was measured as well as the glutathione concentration of exposed D. magna. A decrease in total glutathione in D. magna was detected due to exposure to nano sized carbon black, while measuring the total oxidant capacity proved to be impossible due to interferences with the method used. The results show that, when negative effects are observed, these are more severe in exposures to nanoparticles than their micro sized counterparts and furthermore a clear route of uptake of nanoparticles in the body of D. magna can be observed.
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Eccles, Kristin M. "Applications of Geographic Information Systems in Landscape Ecotoxicology." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39504.

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Landscape ecotoxicology is the study of dose-response relationships to toxicants and integrating environmental factors across a defined landscape. In this thesis, I contributed new knowledge to the field of landscape ecotoxicology by adapting analytical methods to assess spatial patterns of chemical exposure among different wildlife keystone species, quantify the relationships between contaminant sources and exposures, and quantify dose-response relationships across large landscapes. Currently, there are few landscape ecotoxicology tools available for quantifying geospatial patterns of environmental toxicology data. To address this gap, I adapted spatial and statistical methods and demonstrated how they can be used to 1) integrate data and assess spatial patterns of contaminant exposure; 2) assess spatial patterns of exposure to complex mixtures; and 3) examine dose-response patterns across landscapes. I developed fur Hg as a biomarker medium as a non-invasive biomonitoring tool in river otter (Lontra canadensis) and mink (Neovison vison) by developing conversion factors that can be used to estimate internal organ Hg from fur Hg, using a meta-regression approach. Based on these results, I suggest that the fur Hg screening guideline be reduced from 20 ug/g to 15 ug/g to be more conservative. I also quantified how the distribution of fur Hg changes across the pelt of river otters. Results from this study indicate that topcoat should be used for biomonitoring as it is less variable than the undercoat and samples should be taken from the forebody (head and legs) for the most accurate organ Hg estimation. Using biomarkers of exposure, I quantified the relationship between sources of Hg and factors that promote Hg bioaccumulation with dietary Hg from stomach contents and fur Hg to establish fur as a proxy for bioavailability of environmental Hg. I also assessed spatial dose-response patterns between fur Hg and fur cortisol using a geographically weighted regression (GWR). Based on these results I use my proposed fur screening guideline of 15 µg/g to categorize fur Hg exposures and demonstrate that at low exposures (<15 µg/g) in fur, Hg has a positive relationship with cortisol. Conversely, at high exposures (>15 µg/g) in fur, Hg has a negative relationship with cortisol. This research provides a field example of heterogeneous dose-response relationships. Finally, I assessed spatial patterns of complex metal exposures in a variety of biomonitoring datasets. I used normalization and transformation techniques to effectively combine datasets comprised of different species and life stages. I then used a spatial principal components analysis (sPCA) to exemplify clusters of complex exposures associated with oil and gas development in regions of Alberta, Canada. These advancements in the field of landscape ecotoxicology will help advance evidence-based long-term ecological monitoring programs.
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Guven, Kemal. "Invertebrate stress responses as molecular biomarkers in ecotoxicology." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11376/.

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All organisms studied so far respond to heat shock by inducing the synthesis of a number of proteins called heat shock proteins(LISPs). This universal response can also be induced by a variety of stressors, including heavy metal ions and organic and organo-metallic compounds. As a result, the stress response has recently attracted the attention of ecotoxicologists for use in environmental biomonitoring. In the present study, we have investigated the stress responses of two different organisms ; namely the free-living soil nematode Caenorhiabdities elegans(both wild-type and transgenic strains) and the freshwater crustacea Asellus aquazicus. We have also explored the possible use of these model systems in environmental monitoring using different techniques which include metabolic labelling with subsequent one-dimensional electrophoresis and autoradiography, and one- or two-dimensional western blotting using antibodies specific to stress protein 70. The study with A. aquaticus shows that this organism exhibits a classical stress response. The exposure of asellids to heat shock-treatment (26°C ; 13°C above the standard maintenance temperature) or to sublethal concentrations of metal ions (Cd++ and Cu++) resulted in the induction of at least 5 putative HSPs which belong to several major HSP families (HSP100, HSP90 and possibly HSP60). An increase in the synthesis of smaller sizes of polypeptides (25-35 kD) should be also noted. Moreover, the time-course of heat versus heavy metal stress-response in this organism suggests that the pattern of stress-protein synthesis changes considerably with increasing exposure time ; notably the response to heat is more transient than that to heavy metals. However, HSP70 does not appear to be the major stress protein induced in this organism. The presence of low molecular weight (LMW) proteins which react with anti-HSP70 antibodies and the apparent deficiency of classical 70 kD stress proteins in A. aquaticus, both suggest that HSP70s in this organism are for some reason prone to degradation. In the nematode C .elegans, shifting the culture temperature from 20°C to 34°C induces the synthesis of a set of HSPs corresponding to the HSP90, HSP70 and small HSP families. There are at least nine members of the hsp7O multigene family in C. elegans ; some members are expressed constitutively while others are stress inducible. W e have studied the effects of heat and heavy metal (cadmium) stress on the expression patterns of the HSP70 protein family in the nematodes by one- and two-dimensional Western blotting using a monoclonal anti-HSP70 antibody that recognises a conserved epitope shared by most HSP70 family members. Constitutive C. elegans HSP70s (expressed at 20°C) are almost undetectable on one-dimensional immunoblots, but chemiluminescent probing of two-dimensional blots reveals a complex pattern of several HSP70s pots .Mild heats hock at 31° C induces a doublet HSP70 band on one-dimensional blots, of which the heavier component (75 kD) is more prominent than the lighter (73 kD). On two-dimensional blots, this pattern is shown to be more complex with a prominent 75 kD spot newly induced and several other spots intensified. Severe heat shock at 34°C strongly induces both 75 and 73 kD bands on one-dimensional blots; two dimensional analysis reveals a series of novel and/or elevated 73 and 75 kD spots. Treatment with cadmium( 16 ppm) at 31° C gives a different pattern of spots as compared with 31 °C alone ; several spots show enhanced while some are newly expressed, and not all of these are present at 34°C. These results indicate that related members of the HSP70 protein family in C. elegans are independently regulated in response to different forms of stress. The possible significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the possible use of stress responses s environmental biomonitors. We have also utilised a stress-inducible C. elegans strain (CB4027) for monitoring environmental contamination. This transgenic strain carries integrated copies of the Drosophila hsp70 promoter fused to an E.coli lacZ reporter gene. When exposed to heat shock or to several environmentally relevant stressors, the transgenic strain expresses the reporter product, 3-galactosidase, which can easily be quantified or localised in situ in stained worms or on Western blots (apparently enzymatically active as a 170 kD form). We have exposed transgenic worms to a variety of toxicants at an elevated temperature (32°C) just below that required for heat shock (34°C), in order to obtain optimal transgene induction. Exposure of nematodes to several heavy metals (e. g. Cd+, Hg++, Zn+, Sn++, Mn++ and Ag+), organometallic toxicants (tributyltin) or organic pollutants (lindane) induces ß-galactosidase expression in a dose-dependent manner. Cadmium is found to be by far the strongest inducer of transgene activity amongst the agents tested, although tributyltin is an effective inducer at ppb levels. The effects of mixtures of divalent metal ions (Cd++/Ca++, Cd++/Zn++ and Cd++/Hg++) on ß-galactosidase expression have been also investigated. All three divalent ions tested in combination with cadmium significantly inhibit cadmium-induced transgene activity in comparison to cadmium alone. In the case of Cd++/C++ mixtures, a marked inhibition of Cd++ accumulation by worm tissues has also been demonstrated, directly related to the Ca++ concentration. These effects may represent competition for metal-ion uptake through calcium channels. Our results show that this transgenic system works well within strictly defined assay conditions, and can detect clear responses over a 7h exposure period to environmentally relevant toxicants at sublethal concentrations well below the 24 or 48h LCSO values. However, there is a need for careful characterisation and containment of any transgenic organism if it is to be used as environmental monitoring tool.
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Shaw, Benjamin John. "The ecotoxicology of engineered nanoparticles to freshwater fish." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/565.

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The use of nanoscale materials is growing exponentially, but there are also concerns about the environmental hazard to aquatic biota. Metal-containing engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are an important group of these new materials, and whilst there are undoubtedly a plethora of beneficial uses for these NPs, it is essential that an appropriate risk assessment is carried out in order to protect the environment and human health, with the consumption of contaminated fish a distinct possibility. The current study aimed to assess the bioavailability, uptake and toxicological effects of two metal-NPs (TiO2 NPs and Cu-NPs) to fish from both dietary and waterborne exposure routes and where appropriate compare them to their bulk counterpart. Whole body system effects were assessed along with the influences of the life stage of exposed fish and abiotic factors on toxicity. A technique to improve the quantification of Ti from TiO2 NPs in fish tissue was also developed. Effects from exposure to dietary TiO2 NPs manifested similarly to traditional dietary metal exposure, with no reduction in growth, but some sublethal affects. Exposure to waterborne Cu-NPs showed that rainbow trout were more acutely sensitive to CuSO4 than the NPs, but that despite limited uptake several body systems were affected (most notably ionoregulation). Larvae were more sensitive to CuSO4 than Cu-NPs, but no differences were seen with embryos, whilst larvae were more sensitive than embryos. Abiotic factors did have an effect on acute Cu-NP toxicity, though not always in a predictable manner, with some effects more pronounced than with CuSO4. Overall, it appears that metal-NPs are not as acutely toxic as their bulk counterparts, but sublethal effects, were routinely observed. As TiO2 NPs appear more toxic than its bulk counterpart, current legislation governing safe environmental limits may have to be adjusted, though the situation with Cu-NPs isn’t as clear and further investigation is required. However, the risk of human exposure via the consumption of NP contaminated fish fillets is extremely low.
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Books on the topic "Ecotoxicology"

1

Ramade, François. Ecotoxicology. 2nd ed. Chichester [West Sussex]: Wiley, 1987.

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Haskell, Peter T., and Peter McEwen, eds. Ecotoxicology. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5791-3.

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Cravo-Laureau, Cristiana, Christine Cagnon, Béatrice Lauga, and Robert Duran, eds. Microbial Ecotoxicology. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61795-4.

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Clements, William H., and Michael C. Newman. Community Ecotoxicology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470855150.

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Clements, William H., and Michael C. Newman. Community Ecotoxicology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470855150.

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Elliott, John E., Christine A. Bishop, and Christy A. Morrissey, eds. Wildlife Ecotoxicology. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-89432-4.

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Devillers, James, ed. Ecotoxicology Modeling. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0197-2.

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Braunbeck, Thomas, David E. Hinton, and Bruno Streit, eds. Fish Ecotoxicology. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8853-0.

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T, Braunbeck, Hinton David E, and Streit Bruno, eds. Fish ecotoxicology. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag, 1998.

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Giacomo, Dell'Omo, ed. Behavioural ecotoxicology. Chichester: Wiley, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ecotoxicology"

1

Walker, Colin H., Peter W. Greig-Smith, Norman O. Crossland, and Richard Brown. "Ecotoxicology." In Animals and Alternatives in Toxicology, 223–51. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12667-5_9.

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Gupta, P. K. "Ecotoxicology." In Problem Solving Questions in Toxicology:, 263–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50409-0_21.

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Connell, Des W. "Ecotoxicology." In Toxins and Targets, 185–93. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315076911-23.

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Schäfer, Ralf B., and Mirco Bundschuh. "Ecotoxicology." In Riverine Ecosystem Management, 225–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73250-3_12.

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Solé, Montserrat. "Ecotoxicology." In The Biology of Sole, 308–25. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2019] | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315120393-16.

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Harley, John, Judith M. Castellini, and Todd O'Hara. "Ecotoxicology." In Physiology of Marine Mammals, 295–320. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003297468-14.

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Jepson, Paul, and Brian Croft. "Introduction." In Ecotoxicology, 3–6. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5791-3_1.

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Blümel, Sylvia, B. Baier, F. Bakker, U. Bienert, M. Candolfi, S. Hennig-Gizewski, Ch Kühner, et al. "Current status of a ring-tested method to determine pesticide effects on the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri (Scheuten) (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) in the laboratory." In Ecotoxicology, 89–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5791-3_10.

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Dohmen, Gerhard Peter. "Testing side-effects of pesticides on carabid beetles: a standardized method for testing ground-dwelling predators in the laboratory for registration purposes." In Ecotoxicology, 98–106. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5791-3_11.

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Heimbach, Udo, A. Wehling, M. P. Candolfi, M. Coulson, M. Mead-Briggs, J. Römbke, S. Schmitzer, et al. "Testing side effects of pesticides on spiders (Pardosa spp.) in the laboratory." In Ecotoxicology, 107–13. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5791-3_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ecotoxicology"

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Yao, Qi-Guo, and Yu-Liang Liu. "History and perspective of trace metal marine ecotoxicology." In The 2015 International Conference on Design, Manufacturing and Mechatronics (ICDMM2015). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814730518_0113.

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Inthasaro, Podjanee, and Weiming Wu. "A 1-D Aquatic Ecosystem/Ecotoxicology Model in Open Channels." In 2012 International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology (iCBEB). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbeb.2012.19.

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Thibon, Fanny, Lucas Weppe, Paco Bustamante, François Oberhänsli, Marc Métian, Carine Churlaud, Maryline Montanes, Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe, Yves Cherel, and Nathalie Vigier. "Novel Application of Lithium and its Isotopes in Marine Ecotoxicology." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2587.

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Skadsheim, A., V. Hoivangli, and C. Labes-Carrier. "Hydrocarbons and Surfactants: Ecotoxicology in a Marine Pelagic Food Chain." In SPE Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/35895-ms.

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Peixoto, Alexandre S. L., Samuel R. dos Santos, and Cristiano M. Gallep. "Luminescence dynamics in R. subcapitata as a precocious ecotoxicology indicator." In 3D Image Acquisition and Display: Technology, Perception and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/3d.2022.jw2a.27.

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Standard ecotoxicological tests are compared to delayed-luminescence tests, of algae samples (R. subcapitata), showing that the photonic approach can be as reliable as and more precocious than the standard one, here demonstrated for solutions of Durion. The main drawback is to determine the initial (best) control sample population (~106 cel/mL).
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Diehl, Otavio, Gisela Umbuzeiro, Patrícia Assano, and Rhaul de Oliveira. "Antennae regeneration of marine amphipod Parhyale Hawaiensis as endpoint in ecotoxicology." In Congresso de Iniciação Científica UNICAMP. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/revpibic2720191701.

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Sousa, Damião Sampaio de, Anthony Barbosa Belarmino, Victor Moreira de Oliveira, Francisco Rogênio da Silva Mendes, Emmanuel Silva Marinho, and Gabrielle Silva Marinho. "In silico ecotoxicology and molecular docking of halogenated and oxygenated rotenoid derivatives." In Anais do Congresso Brasileiro Interdisciplinar em Ciência e Tecnologia. Recife, Brasil: Even3, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/1298891.4-245.

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Jurminskaia, Olga, Elena Zubcov, Nadejda Andreev, and Anastasia Ivanova. "Evaluarea stării ecologice a fluviului Nistru conform unor parametri fizico-chimici." In International symposium ”Functional ecology of animals” dedicated to the 70th anniversary from the birth of academician Ion Toderas. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975315975.77.

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Ecological status of watercourses is determined by comparing the current state with the reference conditions, which are established for each typology of water bodies by analysing of long-term observations. The Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Ecotoxicology of the Institute of Zoology carried out the integrated scientific monitoring of the Dniester River during 2015 – 2018. The data obtained were used to assess the ecological state of the Dniester River within the Republic of Moldova.
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Molares-Ulloa, Andrés, Maria del Rocio Ortega-Femia, Julián Dorado, Nieves Pedreira Souto, and Alvaro Rodriguez. "Re-Identification of Rats with Transfer Learning." In Congreso XoveTIC: impulsando el talento científico (6º. 2023. A Coruña). Servizo de Publicacions. Universidade da Coruña, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.000024.44.

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The study of animal behavior in laboratory experiments is key in ethology, ecotoxicology, neuroscience and other fields. Although modern studies use computer imaging techniques, current solutions cannot preserve the identity of multiple individuals in social experiments. Thanks to the use of Transfer Learning we seek to overcome this limitations while maintaining the effectiveness of Deep Learning and reducing its computational times. With this technique we achieved promising results in the re-identification of rats after an occlusion process
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de Oliveira, Flavio Luis, Raquel Silva, João Morais, Pedro Cruz, and Vitor Vasconcelos. "Cyanobacterial Toxins—An Update of Toxins from Blue Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology Culture Collection (LEGE-CC)." In The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014039.

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Reports on the topic "Ecotoxicology"

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Roessink, Ivo, Kas Swinkels, Dick Belgers, Sanne van de Berg, and Theo Brock. Freshwater mysids in ecotoxicology : Testing and culturing freshwater mysid species under laboratory conditions. Wageningen: Wageningen Environmental Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/548183.

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Water and Streambed Sediment Quality, and Ecotoxicology of a Stream along the Blue Ridge Parkway, Adjacent to a Closed Landfill, near Roanoke, Virginia: 1999. US Geological Survey, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri034116.

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