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Academic literature on the topic 'Ecotox model'

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Published: 1 April 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ecotox model"

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Netto, I., V. Bostan, L. McCarthy, A. Laursen, K. Gilbride, M. Mehrvar, and R. Pushchak. "Automated image analysis of Euglena gracilis Klebs (Euglenophyta) for measuring sublethal effects of three model contaminants." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 8 (October 1, 2012): 1708–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.387.

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The short-term impacts of atrazine (herbicide), tributyltin (organometal) and copper on the behaviour of Euglena gracilis Klebs (Euglenophyta) were assessed. First, the ECOTOX automated image analysis system was used, which measured swimming velocity, cell shape, percentage of cells swimming upwards, and randomness of swimming. Next, visual observation by microscopy was used to measure percentage of cell motility and cell shape. Behavioural changes can be used as an indicator of stress in less than 24 h, potentially making them suitable for inclusion in early-warning systems for water quality. Findings indicate that E. gracilis is a very sensitive organism to copper, showing inhibition of motility with visual observation at 0.8 μmol/L within 1 h. The image analysis system was in general less sensitive than visual observation for detecting behavioural changes after incubation in copper. In contrast, after exposure to organic contaminants atrazine and tributyltin, the ECOTOX system detected small changes in the number of cells swimming upwards (antigravitactic behaviour) at higher concentrations.
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Liu, Y., H. S. Pedersen, L. Foldager, H. Callesen, and M. T. Sørensen. "96 IN VITRO FERTILIZATION IN MOUSE AS A REPROTOXICITY MODEL FOR XENOBIOTICS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 1 (2017): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv29n1ab96.

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To assess reprotoxicity of pesticides and other xenobiotics, rodents are often used with natural mating and litter size as end-points. However, because a male mouse can produce normal-size litters even with >50% reduced sperm count (Ecotox. Env. Saf. 73, 1092), this model could approve some chemical substances despite their reprotoxic effect. Thus, we aimed to establish a mouse IVF system to evaluate reprotoxicity of xenobiotics, illustrated by 2 pesticides [vinclozolin (vin), chlormequat (ccc)]. Experimental mice were given 2 pesticide doses by mixing into the feed: low (L) or high (H), equivalent to no or lowest observed adverse effect level, respectively (Env. Health Perspect. 117, 1272). To produce experimental males, mated NMRI females were fed low dose (vinL, cccL), high dose (vinH, cccH), or no pesticide from 1-cell stage through birth and until weaning, from where experimental males continued pesticide feeding. Each experimental male at 8 to 10 weeks old was naturally mated with 2 females having normal feed for 5 days, then continued with pesticide or control feed for at least 35 days before use for IVF. Naturally mated females had normal feed until birth to evaluate litter size. For IVF, oocytes were collected after superovulation of 3- to 4-week-old C57BL/6J females (2–5/male). Based on our previous experiment (Anim. Reprod. 13, in press), 25,000 sperm/mL was within the responsive range and selected for IVF (Theriog. 65, 1716). The IVF embryos were in vitro cultured for 4 days. Pronuclei were evaluated 9 h after IVF start (Day 0), and 2-cell/blastocyst were evaluated on Day 1/4. Mean litter size was estimated by normal linear mixed-effects model, and mean pronuclei, 2-cell, and blastocyst rates were estimated by binomial generalized linear mixed-effects models with identity link function, included a male-subject random intercept accounting for correlation between multiple fertilizations by same male, and a factor defining groups as fixed effect. Preliminary results (Table 1) are based on current data from half of our full experiment. No signs of different litter sizes after natural mating were observed between pesticide groups and control. Compared with control, rates of pronuclei, 2-cell, and blastocyst tended to decrease in vinH and increase in vinL group. No clear differences between cccL, cccH, and control groups were found. These results could indicate a pesticide effect (vinH) on mouse male reproductive system that can be detected in an IVF system but not by natural mating. Our data show a large variation in IVF results between individual males and females, so our full dataset is required before conclusions are made. Table 1. Preliminary results
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Johnson, I. R., D. F. Chapman, V. O. Snow, R. J. Eckard, A. J. Parsons, M. G. Lambert, and B. R. Cullen. "DairyMod and EcoMod: biophysical pasture-simulation models for Australia and New Zealand." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 5 (2008): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07133.

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DairyMod and EcoMod, which are biophysical pasture-simulation models for Australian and New Zealand grazing systems, are described. Each model has a common underlying biophysical structure, with the main differences being in their available management options. The third model in this group is the SGS Pasture Model, which has been previously described, and these models are referred to collectively as ‘the model’. The model includes modules for pasture growth and utilisation by grazing animals, water and nutrient dynamics, animal physiology and production and a range of options for pasture management, irrigation and fertiliser application. Up to 100 independent paddocks can be defined to represent spatial variation within a notional farm. Paddocks can have different soil types, nutrient status, pasture species, fertiliser and irrigation management, but are subject to the same weather. Management options include commonly used rotational grazing management strategies and continuous grazing with fixed or variable stock numbers. A cutting regime simulates calculation of seasonal pasture growth rates. The focus of the present paper is on recent developments to the management routines and nutrient dynamics, including organic matter, inorganic nutrients, leaching and gaseous nitrogen losses, and greenhouse gases. Some model applications are presented and the role of the model in research projects is discussed.
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da Costa Cantos Jerônimo, Gabriel, Luiz Felipe Ramos Turci, Paulo Augusto Zaitune Pamplin, and Patrícia Neves Mendes. "Modelagem otimizada de indicadores biológicos de qualidade da água." Revista DAE 221, no. 68 (December 10, 2019): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36659/dae.2020.011.

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Resumo 27/06/2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36659 /dae.2020.011 Turci, L. F. R Pamplin, P. A. Z https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7516-0963 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7318-9121 O estudo de plantas aquáticas (macrófitas) é importante, uma vez que essas plantas apresentam potencial de utilização em estudos de ecotoxicologia, como bioindicadores no tratamento de águas residuárias. A mode- lagem criteriosa do crescimento dessas plantas, especificamente a Lemna minor, é útil na determinação das condições de otimização dessas aplicações; assim, deseja-se sempre obter o modelo que melhor represente a dinâmica de crescimento populacional da planta em estudo. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se uma metodologia de ajuste e seleção de modelos de crescimento não lineares com base em indicadores estatísticos que servem como avaliadores de qualidade dos modelos. Para ilustrar o uso da metodologia, foi feito o cultivo de Lemna minor em meio Steinberg e foram ajustados três modelos aos dados médios de crescimento de suas frondes, selecionando o modelo Logístico como o melhor. Palavras-chave: Modelo de crescimento populacional. Avaliadores de qualidade. Lemna minor. Abstract The study of aquatic plants (macrophytes) is important since such plants present a potential utilization in ecotoxi- cology as bioindicators, as well in wastewater treatment. The criterious growth modelling of such plants, specifically Lemna minor, is useful for the determination of the optimal conditions of mentionedin applications - so one always looks for the best model that represents the dynamic of population growth of the plant in study. This work presents a methodology of adjustment and selection of nonlinear growth models based on statistical indicators, which work as quality evaluators for the models. To illustrate this methodology, Lemna minor was grown in Steinberg environ- ment, and three models were fitted to the fronds growth data, the Logistic model was selected as the best model. Keywords: Population growth model. Quality evaluators. Lemna minor.
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Theocharis, Andrea. "Experiences from the "National Model United Nations" 2001." Politikon: The IAPSS Journal of Political Science 1 (July 1, 2001): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22151/politikon.1.9.

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The National Model United Nations claims to be the most realistic simulation of the United Nations in the world. Every year more than 2500 students participate in the NMUN in New York, which partly takes place inside the original UNbuildings. For five days, the students simulate the different bodies of the UN-framework (e.g. Security Council, General Assembly, ECOSOC) by using the original UN-Rules of procedure and negotiating to formulate and pass resolutions on various topics.
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Healy, R. M., J. Sciare, L. Poulain, K. Kamili, M. Merkel, T. Müller, A. Wiedensohler, et al. "Sources and mixing state of size-resolved elemental carbon particles in a European megacity: Paris." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 11 (November 9, 2011): 30333–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-30333-2011.

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Abstract. An Aerosol Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (ATOFMS) was deployed to investigate the size-resolved chemical composition of single particles at an urban background site in Paris, France, as part of the MEGAPOLI winter campaign in January/February 2010. ATOFMS particle counts were scaled to match coincident Twin Differential Mobility Particle Sizer (TDMPS) data in order to generate hourly size-resolved mass concentrations for the single particle classes observed. The total scaled ATOFMS particle mass concentration in the size range 150–1067 nm was found to agree very well with the sum of concurrent High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP) mass concentration measurements of organic carbon (OC), inorganic ions and black carbon (BC) (R2 = 0.91). Clustering analysis of the ATOFMS single particle mass spectra allowed the separation of elemental carbon (EC) particles into four classes: (i) EC attributed to biomass burning (ECbiomass), (ii) EC attributed to traffic (ECtraffic), (iii) EC internally mixed with OC and ammonium sulfate (ECOCSOx), and (iv) EC internally mixed with OC and ammonium nitrate (ECOCNOx). Average hourly mass concentrations for EC-containing particles detected by the ATOFMS were found to agree reasonably well with semi-continuous quantitative thermal/optical EC and optical BC measurements (r2 = 0.61 and 0.65–0.68, respectively, n = 552). The EC particle mass assigned to fossil fuel and biomass burning sources also agreed reasonably well with BC mass fractions assigned to the same sources using seven-wavelength aethalometer data (r2 = 0.60 and 0.48, respectively, n = 568). Agreement between the ATOFMS and other instrumentation improved noticeably when a period influenced by significantly aged, internally mixed EC particles was removed from the intercomparison. 88 % and 12 % of EC particle mass was apportioned to fossil fuel and biomass burning respectively using the ATOFMS data compared with 85 % and 15 % respectively for BC estimated from the aethalometer model. On average, the mass size distribution for EC particles is bimodal; the smaller mode is attributed to locally emitted, mostly externally mixed EC particles, while the larger mode is dominated by aged, internally mixed ECOCNOx particles associated with continental transport events. Periods of continental influence were identified using the Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model (LPDM) "FLEXPART". A consistent minimum between the two EC mass size modes was observed at approximately 400 nm for the measurement period. EC particles below this size are attributed to local emissions using chemical mixing state information and contribute 79 % of the scaled ATOFMS EC particle mass, while particles above this size are attributed to continental transport events and contribute 21 % of the EC particle mass. These results clearly demonstrate the potential benefit of monitoring size-resolved mass concentrations for the separation of local and continental EC emissions. Knowledge of the relative input of these emissions is essential for assessing the effectiveness of local abatement strategies.
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Healy, R. M., J. Sciare, L. Poulain, K. Kamili, M. Merkel, T. Müller, A. Wiedensohler, et al. "Sources and mixing state of size-resolved elemental carbon particles in a European megacity: Paris." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 4 (February 15, 2012): 1681–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1681-2012.

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Abstract. An Aerosol Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (ATOFMS) was deployed to investigate the size-resolved chemical composition of single particles at an urban background site in Paris, France, as part of the MEGAPOLI winter campaign in January/February 2010. ATOFMS particle counts were scaled to match coincident Twin Differential Mobility Particle Sizer (TDMPS) data in order to generate hourly size-resolved mass concentrations for the single particle classes observed. The total scaled ATOFMS particle mass concentration in the size range 150–1067 nm was found to agree very well with the sum of concurrent High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP) mass concentration measurements of organic carbon (OC), inorganic ions and black carbon (BC) (R2 = 0.91). Clustering analysis of the ATOFMS single particle mass spectra allowed the separation of elemental carbon (EC) particles into four classes: (i) EC attributed to biomass burning (ECbiomass), (ii) EC attributed to traffic (ECtraffic), (iii) EC internally mixed with OC and ammonium sulfate (ECOCSOx), and (iv) EC internally mixed with OC and ammonium nitrate (ECOCNOx). Average hourly mass concentrations for EC-containing particles detected by the ATOFMS were found to agree reasonably well with semi-continuous quantitative thermal/optical EC and optical BC measurements (r2 = 0.61 and 0.65–0.68 respectively, n = 552). The EC particle mass assigned to fossil fuel and biomass burning sources also agreed reasonably well with BC mass fractions assigned to the same sources using seven-wavelength aethalometer data (r2 = 0.60 and 0.48, respectively, n = 568). Agreement between the ATOFMS and other instrumentation improved noticeably when a period influenced by significantly aged, internally mixed EC particles was removed from the intercomparison. 88% and 12% of EC particle mass was apportioned to fossil fuel and biomass burning respectively using the ATOFMS data compared with 85% and 15% respectively for BC estimated from the aethalometer model. On average, the mass size distribution for EC particles is bimodal; the smaller mode is attributed to locally emitted, mostly externally mixed EC particles, while the larger mode is dominated by aged, internally mixed ECOCNOx particles associated with continental transport events. Periods of continental influence were identified using the Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model (LPDM) "FLEXPART". A consistent minimum between the two EC mass size modes was observed at approximately 400 nm for the measurement period. EC particles below this size are attributed to local emissions using chemical mixing state information and contribute 79% of the scaled ATOFMS EC particle mass, while particles above this size are attributed to continental transport events and contribute 21% of the EC particle mass. These results clearly demonstrate the potential benefit of monitoring size-resolved mass concentrations for the separation of local and continental EC emissions. Knowledge of the relative input of these emissions is essential for assessing the effectiveness of local abatement strategies.
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Tarr, S. Byron. "The ECOMOG Initiative in Liberia: A Liberian Perspective." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 21, no. 1-2 (1993): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004716070050167x.

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This is a Liberian perspective on the unique initiative by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to resolve the Liberian conflict by organizing and deploying a Peace Monitoring Group in Liberia. It considers whether ECOWAS’ initiative can become a self-reliant security system that can end a civil war and institutionalize deterrence to subregional inter-state and internal conflicts. Can this self-generated, West African initiative set the stage for democratization? Is the initiative the start of an inter-African cooperative security system? Is the model of Nigerian leadership a harbinger of a regional hegemony in the making? Is the modest role of the USA constructive in resolving the conflict, in light of the fact that Liberia is a country with which the USA has had an historic relationship?
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Alcivar García, Gilda, and Giraldo De la Caridad León Rodríguez. "Modelo de Competencias Docentes para Ambientes de Aprendizaje Mixtos. Caso ECOTEC." Podium 30 (January 1, 2016): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31095/podium.2016.30.2.

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Boxall, A. B. A., D. Oakes, P. Ripley, and C. D. Watts. "The application of predictive models in the environmental risk assessment of ECONOR©." Chemosphere 40, no. 7 (April 2000): 775–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00452-x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ecotox model"

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Boemah, Duduzile Lorraine. "Factors determining the interpretive effectiveness of ecotour guides in South African national parks : an environmental interpretation model." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28691.

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It is generally accepted that interpretation plays a significant role in tourism. It can help to enrich visitors’ experience and their cultural and environmental knowledge so that empathy towards conservation, heritage and culture can develop. However, there is a concern that much of the interpretation practised by the tourism industry is of poor quality. Its significance in ecotourism, cultural tourism, wildlife tourism, heritage and adventure tourism, and the concern about its quality gives rise to the need to examine how effective guides are in its delivery, what makes guides effective or ineffective and what continuing education and training they require for effective interpretive delivery. It is against this background that this study was done in order to investigate the interpretive effectiveness of tour guides in South African national parks. The overall purpose of the study was to design a model for effective interpretation for tour guides operating in South African national parks. To accomplish this, an in-depth literature review was done, followed by an empirical investigation. From the literature, the concept of environmental and cultural interpretation was analysed and the constructs that form the theoretical framework for measuring interpretation identified. A conceptual model was formulated that indicates that the effectiveness of tour guides is related to park policies; knowledge and appropriate application of interpretive delivery techniques; management support, evaluation and tourists’ feedback. A mixed method research design was employed, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods. In-depth interviews were conducted with nominated officials in the parks to solicit their views on what they perceive as critical issues in the delivery of effective interpretation. Tour guides were surveyed to determine their perceptions of problems with interpretive delivery techniques and their continuing education and training needs in regard to interpretive delivery techniques. Tourists were surveyed to determine their perceptions about their general satisfaction as attributed to interpretation, and the extent to which tour guides applied the interpretive delivery techniques during interpretation. Purposive sampling and convenience sampling techniques were used in this study. Data analysis on the qualitative interviews was done by summarising the content and categorising the statements made by the officials from certain which conclusions could be drawn. These interviews generated certain constructs and variables which were included in the survey instrument. Critical factors for effective interpretation, according to officials, were identified. These included communication skills, continuing education and training, knowledge of the area and a passion for the task. Quantitative data was analysed by ranking those factors which proved to be most problematic in effective interpretive delivery, the most important of which is addressing tourists by their names, using the five senses to enhance the experience, gaining the attention of the tourists, encouraging participation of tourists and presenting the content in a simple manner. Tour guides generally did not rate delivery techniques as being “serious” problems. It was taken into account that tour guides may be reluctant to state the level of a perceived problem in applying effective delivery techniques and to overcome this limitation, questions relating to the need for training in the same delivery techniques were included in the questionnaire. The results indicated a higher level of the need for training than the level of the perceived problem. Tourists were generally satisfied with the tour guides’ interpretation although only a few were not satisfied with the interpretation of tour guides. However, to ensure sustainability, there is a need for continuing education and training in interpretive delivery techniques and interpretive content for tour guides. This study makes a valuable contribution in regard to tourism, in both the academic and the professional (interpretive guiding) spheres. It provides clear guidelines for national parks to improve the quality of the visitor’s experience and should contribute to the achievement of the goals of sustainability. It provides information that will assist officials in the national parks and those who provide professional development training for guides to better understand guides’ need for further training skills in interpretation in South Africa, an issue which has not been adequately researched in this country. The study produced a model that could enhance interpretive delivery techniques of tour guides in South African national parks.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Tourism Management
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Kiskaddon, Erin Paige. "Feeding Patterns and Trophic Food Web Dynamics of Armases cinereum Across a Mangrove/Upland Ecotone." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6525.

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The feeding ecology of a common saltmarsh crab, Armases cinereum (Armases), was investigated to determine how habitat (mangrove vs. ecotone, natural mangrove vs. modified mangrove fringe) influenced this species’ feeding behavior and trophic ecology in its southwestern Florida, USA, distribution. In the laboratory, Armases’ preference for mangrove material was examined using leaves of three mangrove species (Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa, and Rhizophora mangle) and leaves of different degradation levels (fresh, senescent, and partially-decomposed). Leaf material from A. germinans was preferentially consumed over the other taxa at fresh and partially-decomposed levels of leaf decay. When Armases were offered a choice between four common upland vegetation types (Iva frutescens, Borrichia frutescens, Nephrolepis biserrata, and Stenotaphrum secundatum), the preferred mangrove from the previous experiment (A. germinans, partially-decomposed), and an animal prey item (Gryllodes sigillatus, cricket), Armases displayed greatest selectivity for the animal prey item and high selectivity for both I. frutescens and A. germinans plant taxa (Manly-Chesson α selectivity and Chesson ϵ electivity). Field-based stable isotope analysis was used to determine trophic position and reconstruct dietary proportions of Armases across three pairs of natural and heavily-modified sites within Tampa Bay to determine whether Armases feeding behavior is impacted by the presence of upland forest adjacent to mangrove forest habitat. Analysis of trophic position based on δ15N signatures of Armases from each of the six populations revealed that Armases in habitats with modified connectivity had lower trophic variability and significantly higher average trophic position compared to Armases sampled from the three sites with natural connectivity. Stable isotope diet reconstruction using the Bayesian mixing model SIMMR further established Armases preference for animal-derived food material in habitats with natural and modified connectivity. This preference is likely driven by high selectivity for sources rich in Nitrogen (i.e., animal tissue, partially-decomposed A. germinans material, and I. frutescens). I determined that the use of laboratory experiments in conjunction with stable isotope mixing models is important in accurately investigating feeding preferences of Armases in mangrove intertidal regions. Together, my results show that the diet of Armases is broadly omnivorous and populations can be influenced by the heterogeneity of their habitat. Further feeding experiments, dietary analyses and a longer sampling period are needed to more definitively identify the patterns of Armases detritivory in mangrove and ecotonal upland habitats.
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Spence, Victora. "Estimating groundwater discharge in the oligohaline ecotone of the Everglades using temperature as a tracer and variable-density groundwater models." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3361.

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Recent research suggests that brackish, marine-derived groundwater up-wells in the oligohaline ecotone of the coastal Everglades, bringing with it phosphorus to an otherwise phosphorus-poor environment. The purpose of this study is to estimate the rates and timing of the groundwater discharge by using variable-density groundwater models constructed, calibrated, and validated with field measurements of hydraulic head and surface and subsurface temperature. Modeled groundwater discharge rates ranged from 5.4E-04 mm/day in August to -1.3E-03 mm/day in June for Shark Slough and 4.8E-01 mm/day in June to -1.4E-01 mm/day in January for Taylor Slough, where positive values imply groundwater discharge and negative values imply groundwater recharge. These results indicate that groundwater discharge rates during the period of study were low and perhaps a negligible source of marine-derived phosphorous in the oligohaline ecotone of Shark Slough but much higher and perhaps significant source of marine-derived phosphorous in the oligohaline ecotone of Taylor Slough.
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Feltgen, Didier Lydie. "La limite supraforestière dans les Alpes : un nouveau regard sur sa structure et sa dynamique, à la lumière des successions post-pastorales et grâce à la théorie de la hiérarchie (l'exemple des gorges houillères en moyenne Maurienne, dans les Alpes françaises du Nord)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10063.

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L'ecotone supraforestier a longtemps ete decrit comme une simple limite physionomique entre etages de vegetation et un seuil ecophysiologique en reponse au gradient altitudinal de temperature. La complexite des interactions biotiques et abiotiques au sein de l'ecotone et l'heterogeneite des situations actuelles de recolonisation dans l'etage subalpin superieur, initiees par l'abandon de pratiques pastorales millenaires, suscitent une revision de ce modele lineaire. Les theories modernes de l'ecologie fournissent les outils conceptuels pour une interpretation pluriscalaire et spatialisee de la structure et de la dynamique de l'ecotone. Une approche morphologique et hierarchique est proposee pour analyser les patrons spatio-temporels de la recolonisation dans un secteur des alpes francaises particulierement touche par la deprise et ou cohabitent le pin cembro, le meleze, l'epicea et le pin a crochets. Elle est fondee sur l'etude, a plusieurs echelles, de structures a fonction ecologique determinante pour la dynamique ligneuse : modeles, lisieres, agregats biologiques. Aux niveaux d'observation superieurs, la geomorphologie est ainsi mise a parite avec la phytoecologie, ce qui debouche notamment sur une cartographie integree d'apres photo-interpretation et une typologie phyto-morphologique de la mosaique paysagere. A l'echelle de la station, des perspectives theoriques et techniques pour une evaluation des potentialites forestieres s'ouvrent grace a la micromorphologie des humus. Au terme de la demarche descendante et d'un echantillonnage cible sur les lisieres forestieres, la grande diversite de trajectoires dynamiques mises en evidence est resumee par quatre modeles dynamiques, fondes sur le comportement differencie des essences forestieres en reponse aux contraintes des niveaux superieurs. Ces contraintes sont fortement liees a l'occupation humaine, la dynamique actuelle et passee ainsi que l'exposition des versants. Ces composantes spatiales et historiques induisent une differenciation majeure de la transformation des paysages. Elles font de l'ecocomplexe un niveau integrateur de l'heterogeneite des interfaces et un niveau incontournable pour la reformulation de la question de la fluctuation de la limite supraforestiere dans les domaines de la simulation et de la gestion.
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Rosa, Roberto. "Vinculando a etnoictiologia ?s evid?ncias biol?gicas para explicar o decl?nio da riqueza da ictiofauna neotropical." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18254.

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The diversity of fish species from South America has been affected by various anthropogenic practices. Some studies have reported the influence that illegal transferring or introduction of exotic species have on the trophic webs of continental lakes. The loss of diversity on fish populations and consequent impacts on fishery are commonly evidenced in these cases. The Brazilian Northeast has ponds for which exotic Amazonian species were transferred as Extremoz Lake. These environments serve as study models for comparison and investigation about the possible impacts of these introductions. We tested the hypothesis that loss of species that this trend can be related with the insertion of the genus Cichla, commonly documented as top predator in its endemic environment. Possible structural causes that interfere in other processes such as migration were also investigated. Thus, the local ecological knowledge of fishermen and a current ecotrophic model were used. We took samples of phytoplankton, zooplankton and fishes during two annual cycles. Concurrently, we made interviews with the fishing community. In fact, there are relations between the loss of fish and the insertion of peacock bass in Extremoz Lake. However, Cichla kelberi was not indicated as primary factor to explain fish species decline. The construction of bridges located in the Rio Doce was main factor for respondents and what explains loss of species. The migration of saltwater fish and / or from the river to Extremoz Lake is hindered by the unsuitability of the crossing-streams that are under these structures. According to the ecotrophic model Hoplias malabaricus was considered key-species and Cichla kelberi top predator. This last trend was similarly noticed in the stomach and local ecological knowledge of fishermen analysis. Overfishing simulations to Cichla kelberi resulted that only raising its captures in 200%, other native species would increase their biomass values only 15 to 30% (in 6 years).The negative effects of the alien species introduction without prior studies and lack of investments in appropriating these constructions to the needs of the fish fauna structures seem to act simultaneously. Both are causing the decline of fish species richness and consequent local artisanal fishery collapse
A diversidade de esp?cies de peixes da Am?rica do Sul vem sendo afetada por diversas pr?ticas antr?picas. Alguns estudos t?m documentado os efeitos resultantes destas transfer?ncias ilegais de esp?cies ex?ticas. A perda de riqueza da ictiofauna e consequente desarticula??o da pesca t?m sido evidenciadas nestes casos. O nordeste brasileiro apresenta lagoas para as quais foram transferidas esp?cies ex?ticas amaz?nicas, como a Lagoa de Extremoz. Estes ambientes servem como modelos de estudo para fins de compara??o e investiga??o dos poss?veis impactos decorrentes destas introdu??es. Testamos a hip?tese de que a perda de riqueza da ictiofauna e consequente desarticula??o da pesca artesanal exibem rela??o com a inser??o do g?nero Cichla, comumente documentado como predador de topo em seu ambiente end?mico. Poss?veis causas estruturais que interferissem em outros processos, como os de migra??o, tamb?m foram investigadas. Para tanto, o conhecimento ecol?gico local dos pescadores e um modelo ecotr?fico atual foram utilizados. Durante dois ciclos anuais, efetuamos amostragens de fitopl?ncton, zoopl?ncton e peixes. Concomitantemente, efetuamos entrevistas com a comunidade de pescadores. Segundo os resultados obtidos, pode-se inferir que existe um padr?o de queda de riqueza das esp?cies de peixes da lagoa de Extremoz. Por?m, Cichla kelberi n?o foi indicado como fator principal para que este decl?nio viesse a ocorrer. A constru??o de pontes, localizadas no Rio Doce, foi apontada pelo conhecimento ecol?gico local como fator prim?rio para que o n?mero de esp?cies diminu?sse neste ambiente. A migra??o de peixes de ?gua salgada e/ou provenientes do Oceano Atl?ntico para a Lagoa de Extremoz parece ter sido impedida com os impactos causados por estas obras c?veis, especialmente no que diz respeito ? inadequa??o das manilhas ?s necessidades da ictiofauna. Segundo o modelo ecotr?fico, Hoplias malabaricus foi considerada esp?cie-chave e Cichla kelberi predador de topo, tend?ncia similarmente obtida nas an?lises estomacais e atrav?s do conhecimento ecol?gico local dos pescadores. Simula??es de sobre pesca para o tucunar? indicaram inviabilidade em rela??o ao aumento da captura desta esp?cie. Em 6 anos, mesmo aumentando a pesca de tucunar? em 200%, outras esp?cies poderiam aumentar sua biomassa somente em 15 e 30%. A influ?ncia negativa da inser??o de esp?cies ex?ticas sem estudo pr?vio para determinados ambientes e a falta de investimento em estruturas adequadas ?s necessidades da ictiofauna parecem atuar simultaneamente, causando o decl?nio da riqueza de esp?cies e consequente colapso da pesca artesanal local
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Books on the topic "Ecotox model"

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Malaysia), National Workshop on Ecological and Environmental Modelling (2001 Universiti Sains. Ecological and environmental modelling (ECOMOD 2001): Proceedings of the national workshop, 3-4 September 2001, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Pulau Pinang: Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2003.

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ECOOP '94 Workshop on Models and Languages for Coordination of Parallelism and Distribution (1994 Bologna, Italy). Object-based models and languages for concurrent systems: ECOOP '94 Workshop on Models and Languages for Coordination of Parallelism and Distribution, Bologna, Italy, July 5, 1994 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 1995.

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Solomou, Solomos. Phases of economic growth, 1850-1973: Kondratieff waves and Kuznets swings. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

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Solomou, Solomos. Phases of economic growth, 1850-1973: Kondratieff waves and Kuznets swings. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

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Theories of distributive justice. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1996.

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Juillard, Michel. Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Models. Edited by Shu-Heng Chen, Mak Kaboudan, and Ye-Rong Du. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199844371.013.4.

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Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models have become popular in macroeconomics, but the combination of nonlinear microeconomic behavior of the agents and model-consistent expectations raise intricate computational issues; this chapter reviews solution methods and estimation of DSGE models. Perfect foresight deterministic models can easily be solved with a great degree of accuracy. In practice, medium-sized stochastic models can only be solved by local approximation or the perturbation approach. The Bayesian approach to estimation is privileged. It provides a convenient way to communicate both the prior information available to the econo-metrician and new information revealed by the data. This chapter focuses on methods frequently used in applied work rather than aiming at being exhaustive.
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Kolomyts, Erland G. Pacific Ocean Mega Ecotone of Northern Eurasia: An Evolutionary Model of a Continental Biosphere. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2019.

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Kolomyts, Erland G. Pacific Ocean Mega Ecotone of Northern Eurasia: An Evolutionary Model of a Continental Biosphere. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2020.

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Nierstrasz, Oscar, and Paolo Ciancarini. Object-Based Models and Languages for Concurrent Systems: Ecoop '94 Workshop on Models and Languages for Coordination of Parallelism and Distributio (Lecture Notes in Computer Science). Springer-Verlag, 1995.

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Nierstrasz, Oscar, Paolo Ciancarini, and Akinori Yonezawa. Object-based Models And Languages For Concurrent Systems: Ecoop '94 Workshop On Models And Languages For Coordination Of Parallelism And Distribution, ... Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science). Springer, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ecotox model"

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Tasharofi, Samira, Peter Dinges, and Ralph E. Johnson. "Why Do Scala Developers Mix the Actor Model with other Concurrency Models?" In ECOOP 2013 – Object-Oriented Programming, 302–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39038-8_13.

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Speck, Andreas, Elke Pulvermüller, Ragnhild Van Der Straeten, Ralf H. Reussner, and Matthias Clauß. "Model-Based Software Reuse." In Object-Oriented Technology ECOOP 2002 Workshop Reader, 135–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36208-8_11.

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Haupt, Michael, and Hans Schippers. "A Machine Model for Aspect-Oriented Programming." In ECOOP 2007 – Object-Oriented Programming, 501–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73589-2_24.

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Dhoolia, Pankaj, Senthil Mani, Vibha Singhal Sinha, and Saurabh Sinha. "Debugging Model-Transformation Failures Using Dynamic Tainting." In ECOOP 2010 – Object-Oriented Programming, 26–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14107-2_3.

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Bertino, Elisa, Elena Ferrari, Giovanna Guerrini, and Isabella Merlo. "Extending the ODMG object model with time." In ECOOP’98 — Object-Oriented Programming, 41–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0054086.

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Hoare, C. A. R., and He Jifeng. "A Trace Model for Pointers and Objects." In ECOOP’ 99 — Object-Oriented Programming, 1–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48743-3_1.

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Düring, Bertram. "Multi-species Models in Econo- and Sociophysics." In Econophysics and Economics of Games, Social Choices and Quantitative Techniques, 83–89. Milano: Springer Milan, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1501-2_10.

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Aagedal, Jan Øyvind, Jean Bézivin, and Peter F. Linington. "Model-Driven Development (WMDD 2004)." In Object-Oriented Technology. ECOOP 2004 Workshop Reader, 148–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30554-5_14.

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Alencar, P. S. C., D. D. Cowan, C. J. P. Lucena, and L. C. M. Nova. "A Model for Gluing Together." In Object-Oriented Technology: ECOOP’98 Workshop Reader, 157–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-49255-0_34.

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Snyder, Alan. "Modeling the C++ object model." In ECOOP'91 European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, 1–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0057012.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ecotox model"

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JACKSON, PETER M. "ECONO-PHYSICS: MODELS & METAPHORS." In First Interdisciplinary Chess Interactions Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814295895_0004.

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Li, Yan, and Xiansheng Li. "Study on Urban and Rural Ecotone Vehicles Acceleration Interference Model." In The International Conference on Remote Sensing,Environment and Transportation Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/rsete.2013.39.

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Kessler, Stefan, Piet Bijl, Luc Labarre, Endre Repasi, Wolfgang Wittenstein, and Helge Bürsing. "The European computer model for optronic system performance prediction (ECOMOS)." In Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems: Technology and Applications, edited by David A. Huckridge, Reinhard Ebert, and Helge Bürsing. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2279820.

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Repasi, Endre, Piet Bijl, Luc Labarre, Wolfgang Wittenstein, and Helge Bürsing. "The European computer model for optronic system performance prediction (ECOMOS)." In SPIE Defense + Security, edited by Gerald C. Holst and Keith A. Krapels. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2262590.

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Asăvoae, Irina Măriuca, Hoang Nga Nguyen, Markus Roggenbach, and Siraj Ahmed Shaikh. "Software Model Checking." In ECOOP '17: European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3103111.3104040.

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Ren, C. Y., B. Zhang, Z. M. Wang, K. S. Song, D. W. Liu, and G. Yang. "Geostatistical analysis of soil organic carbon in the farming-pastoral ecotone of Northeast China." In Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built environment: Advanced Spatial Data Models and Analyses, edited by Lin Liu, Xia Li, Kai Liu, and Xinchang Zhang. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.813154.

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Xianglian Li and Xiusheng Yang. "Sustainable Water Resources Management in the Upper and Middle Parts of the Yellow River Basin: a Regional Scale Integrated Hydro-Ecolo-Econo Model for Semi-arid Areas." In 2005 Tampa, FL July 17-20, 2005. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.19050.

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Ancona, Davide, Francesco Dagnino, and Elena Zucca. "Towards a model of corecursion with default." In ECOOP '16: European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2955811.2955820.

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Cabon, Gurvan, David Cachera, and David Pichardie. "An Extended Buffered Memory Model With Full Reorderings." In ECOOP '16: European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2955811.2955816.

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Speck-Planche, Alejandro, and Valeria Kleandrova. "PTML-ANN Model for Simultaneous Prediction of Cytotoxic and Ecotoxic Effect of Nanoparticles." In MOL2NET 2019, International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences, 5th edition. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mol2net-05-06270.

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