Journal articles: 'Ecosystem management – Australia – Sydney'

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Van den Brink, Paul J., Catherine Bo Choung, Wayne Landis, Mariana Mayer-Pinto, Vincent Pettigrove, Peter Scanes, Rachael Smith, and Jenny Stauber. "New approaches to the ecological risk assessment of multiple stressors." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 4 (2016): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15111.

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So as to assess how emerging science and new tools can be applied to study multiple stressors at a large (ecosystem) scale and to facilitate greater integration of approaches among different scientific disciplines, a workshop was organised on 10–12 September 2014 at the Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Sydney, Australia. The present paper discusses the limitations of the current risk-assessment approaches and how multiple stressors at large scales can be better evaluated in ecological risk assessments to inform the development of more efficient and preventive management policies based on adaptive management in the future. A future risk-assessment paradigm that overcomes these limitations is presented. This paradigm includes cultural and ecological protection goals, the development of ecological scenarios, the establishment of the relevant interactions among species, potential sources of stressors, their interactions and the development of cause–effect models. It is envisaged that this will be achievable through a greater integration of approaches among different scientific disciplines and through the application of new and emerging tools such as 'big data', ecological modelling and the incorporation of ecosystem service endpoints.

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Ochwada-Doyle, Faith, Kate Stark, Julian Hughes, Jeffery Murphy, Michael Lowry, and Laurie West. "Temporal and regional variation in catch across an extensive coastal recreational fishery: Exploring the utility of survey methods to guide and assess spatio-temporal management initiatives." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 21, 2021): e0254388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254388.

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As global research into recreational fishing gains momentum due to the pursuit’s biological, social and economic impacts, information on regional and temporal patterns of recreational exploitation will continue to enable objective assessment and development of management initiatives for exploited species. This paper demonstrates the utility of offsite survey methods in assessing spatial and temporal differences in recorded catches from a large, diffuse and heterogenous coastal recreational fishery. Using the estuarine recreational fishery that operates along the coast of New South Wales, Australia as a case study, survey data was employed to quantify annual (June 2013-May 2014) state-wide estuarine catch. Generalized linear mixed effects models were then applied to expanded catch estimates from surveyed households to examine the influence of zone and season on the kept and released numbers of snapper (Pagrus auratus), dusky flathead (Platycephalus fuscus) and bream (Acanthopagrus spp. complex comprised of A. butcheri, A. australis and their hybrids). For kept bream, significant differential seasonal effects were observed in all regions except the Mid-South Coast. For released bream, numbers were greatest in Sydney and during Summer and Winter. For kept snapper, the greatest harvest was recorded in the Mid-South Coast but season had no effect. Differential seasonal effects were found in each zone for released snapper. For kept dusky flathead, the greatest numbers were recorded in Sydney and the Mid-South Coast but season had no effect. We conclude by assessing some current spatial and temporal management initiatives in light of the uncovered patterns of recreational catch and consider the implications of these patterns in terms of future ecosystem-based management recommendations aimed at achieving ecological, social and economic sustainability in fisheries.

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Chariton, A. A., M. Sun, J. Gibson, J. A. Webb, K. M. Y. Leung, C. W. Hickey, and G. C. Hose. "Emergent technologies and analytical approaches for understanding the effects of multiple stressors in aquatic environments." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 4 (2016): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15190.

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In order to assess how emerging science and new tools can be applied to study multiple stressors on a large (ecosystem) scale and to facilitate greater integration of approaches among different scientific disciplines, a workshop was held on 10–12 September 2014 at the Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Sydney, Australia. This workshop aimed to explore the potential offered by new approaches to characterise stressor regimes, to explore stressor-response relationships among biota, to design better early-warning systems and to develop smart tools to support sustainable management of human activities, through more efficient regulation. In this paper we highlight the key issues regarding biological coverage, the complexity of multiply stressed environments, and our inability to predict the biological effects under such scenarios. To address these challenges, we provide an extension of the current Environmental Risk Assessment framework. Underpinning this extension is the harnessing of environmental-genomic data, which has the capacity to provide a broader view of diversity, and to express the ramifications of multiple stressors across multiple levels of biological organisation. We continue to consider how these and other emerging data sources may be combined and analysed using new statistical approaches for disentangling the effects of multiple stressors.

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Méndez, H., P. M. Geary, and R. H. Dunstan. "Surface wetlands for the treatment of pathogens in stormwater: three case studies at Lake Macquarie, NSW, Australia." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 5 (May 1, 2009): 1257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.470.

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The treatment of stormwater using surface constructed wetlands has become common in the last decades. However, the use of constructed wetlands for stormwater management has not been thoroughly evaluated in their capacity to treat microbial loads. The case studies presented in this paper are situated at Lake Macquarie, a large estuarine lagoon located approximately 150 km north of Sydney, Australia. To protect the lake ecosystem from the impact of increasing urban development, the local Council constructed numerous stormwater quality improvement devices (SQIDs) at selected locations. The SQIDs typically consisted of trash racks, gross pollutant traps and surface constructed wetlands. To evaluate the effectiveness of three of these devices in reducing faecal contamination, water samples were collected for faecal coliforms (FC) during and following rainfall at inlets and outlets of the structures. Results indicated one of the SQIDs as the most efficient for bacterial reduction, while the other two provided low or non reduction of FC. Results also illustrated dependence of bacteria reduction on flow conditions. Comparison of devices suggested that hydraulic residence times and other design parameters strongly influenced the capacity of each device to reduce FC counts during different weather conditions.

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HAMILTON, REBECCA, and DAN PENNY. "Ecological history of Lachlan Nature Reserve, Centennial Park, Sydney, Australia: a palaeoecological approach to conservation." Environmental Conservation 42, no. 1 (April 8, 2014): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892914000083.

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SUMMARYReconstructing the environmental history of protected areas permits an empirically-based assessment of the conservation values ascribed to these sites. Ideally, this long-term view can contribute to evidence-based management policy that is both ecologically ‘realistic’ and pragmatically feasible. Lachlan Nature Reserve, a protected wetland in Centennial Park, Sydney, is claimed to be the final remnant of early and pre-European swamplands that were once extensive in the area, and the site is thus considered to have indigenous cultural and natural conservation significance. This study uses palynological techniques to reconstruct vegetation communities at the Reserve from the late Holocene to the present in order to assess whether these values adequately reflect the history, character and development of the site. The findings indicate that the modern site flora is a modified Melaleuca quinquenervia low forest assemblage formed in response to aggregated anthropogenic disturbance since colonial settlement. This assemblage replaces an Epacris-dominated heath-swampland community that was extirpated in the mid-20th century. These results emphasize the value of long-term studies in contributing to a realistic management policy that explicitly reflects the normative basis of conservation, and values the influence of past land-uses on contemporary protected ecosystems.

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Webb, Ashley A., and Paul V. Martin. "Potential of a payments for ecosystem services scheme to improve the quality of water entering the Sydney catchments." Water Policy 18, no. 1 (July 9, 2015): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.210.

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Although the Sydney Catchment Authority (SCA) largely controls the quality of water entering the Sydney catchments, it has limited jurisdiction over the majority of activities undertaken on private land, where much of the non-point source pollution originates. The current governance model reflects a traditional ‘command and control’, government-centred philosophy limiting the economic opportunities for landholders. Using six case studies from other jurisdictions we explore the potential for market-based schemes to better enable the SCA to meet its statutory objectives. A contemporary payments for watershed services scheme could better address issues of non-point pollution in more efficient and fairer ways than the present model. Under such a scheme, the SCA would rely more upon negotiated service arrangements pursuing a ‘least cost of supply’ for a defined water quality output, with the costs of these arrangements being reflected in the price of water to consumers. Funds are likely to be applied more strategically to secure water quality outcomes at the least public and private cost while maximizing the value of non-water ecological services from the same lands. These findings are relevant and can be applied to many other drinking water catchments within Australian and other jurisdictions.

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Han, Hoon, Haonan Chen, and Jinwoo (Brian) Lee. "Spatiotemporal Changes in Vertical Heterogeneity: High-Rise Office Building Floor Space in Sydney, Australia." Buildings 11, no. 8 (August 21, 2021): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11080374.

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Mixed-use development is increasingly popular in land use planning and zoning, fostering a combination of residential, commercial, and cultural uses into one space. However, there is a lack of understanding of the vertical mix office space within a high-rise commercial building and the dynamics of the industry mix between buildings. This paper examines the spatiotemporal patterns of industry mix between and within office buildings in Sydney CBD from 2006 to 2017, using the data obtained from the City of Sydney floor space and employment surveys. This is the first study that identifies the dynamics of an industrial ecosystem in central Sydney, which has transformed to homophily land blocks, with increasing vertically heterogeneous office buildings, over the past decade. In addition, the study found that the significant clustering of anchor tenants, such as finances, hospitalities, and knowledge-based industries, are apparent.

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Makich, Lillian, Rafat Hussain, and Judy Harris Humphries. "Management of depression by homeopathic practitioners in Sydney, Australia." Complementary Therapies in Medicine 15, no. 3 (September 2007): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2006.09.007.

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Thompson, Kelly A., Ben J. Marais, Alison Kesson, and David Isaacs. "Malaria in Sydney, Australia: Lessons learned from case management." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 51, no. 9 (March 25, 2015): 920–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.12870.

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Jworchan, Indra, Tony O' Brien, Emged Rizkalla, and Paul Gorman. "Engineering geology of Waterside Green, Sydney, Australia." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 34 (October 9, 2006): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v34i0.31879.

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Development of low-lying land affected by high water table in saline and sodic soils and local swampy areas remains a challenge for the local government, developers, and other regulators. The development control plan for a proposed residential or commercial subdivision in such a site in Penrith, Sydney, Australia, states that the drainage and stormwater management systems within and across the site should be improved and proposed buildings should be constructed on the ground higher than the 100-year flood level. This paper presents the results of engineering geological and geotechnical investigations for the proposed subdivision. The subsurface profile at the site comprises alluvial deposits underlain by residual soil, which in turn is underlain by shale and sandstone. In the eastern portion of the site, the alluvial deposits comprise a sequence of clay, sand and gravel, and in the western portion they contain a succession of clean sand and gravel. The alluvium in the eastern portion of the site is saline whereas it is generally non-saline in the western portion. All saline soils are sodic and most non saline ones are non-sodic. This paper discusses the suitability of on-site soils for use in a structural fill and impermeable clay liner as well as the management of saline and dispersive soils.

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Smith, David C., Elizabeth A. Fulton, Petrina Apfel, Ian D. Cresswell, Bronwyn M. Gillanders, Marcus Haward, Keith J. Sainsbury, Anthony D. M. Smith, Joanna Vince, and Tim M. Ward. "Implementing marine ecosystem-based management: lessons from Australia." ICES Journal of Marine Science 74, no. 7 (July 12, 2017): 1990–2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx113.

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Abstract Ecosystem-based management (EBM) is now widely accepted as the best means of managing the complex interactions in marine systems. However, progress towards implementing and operationalizing it has been slow. We take a pragmatic approach to EBM. Our simple definition is balancing human activities and environmental stewardship in a multiple-use context. In this paper, we present case studies on the development and implementation of EBM in Australia. The case studies (Australia’s Ocean Policy, the Great Barrier Reef, New South Wales (NSW) marine estate, Gladstone Harbour, and South Australia and Spencer Gulf) span different spatial scales, from national to regional to local. They also cover different levels of governance or legislated mandate. We identify the key learnings, necessary components and future needs to support better implementation. These include requirements for clearly identified needs and objectives, stakeholder ownership, well defined governance frameworks, and scientific tools to deal with conflicts and trade-offs. Without all these components, multi-sector management will be difficult and there will be a tendency to maintain a focus on single sectors. While the need to manage individual sectors remains important and is often challenging, this alone will not necessarily ensure sustainable management of marine systems confronted by increasing cumulative impacts.

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Batt, Nicholas Marinus, Angus Radford, Kristijonas Milinis, and Stephen Asha. "Correlating pulmonary embolism severity with short term mortality to risk stratify for outpatient management." Acute Medicine Journal 19, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52964/amja.0804.

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Maberly, Glen. "Western Sydney Diabetes: An integrated program for diabetes prevention, management, and control in Sydney, Australia." International Journal of Integrated Care 21, S1 (September 1, 2021): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic20261.

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Birch, Gavin F., Bride Cruickshank, and B. Davis. "Modelling nutrient loads to Sydney estuary (Australia)." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 167, no. 1-4 (July 1, 2009): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1053-z.

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McLoughlin, Stephen, Chris Mays, Vivi Vajda, Malcolm Bocking, Tracy D. Frank, and Christopher R. Fielding. "DWELLING IN THE DEAD ZONE—VERTEBRATE BURROWS IMMEDIATELY SUCCEEDING THE END-PERMIAN EXTINCTION EVENT IN AUSTRALIA." PALAIOS 35, no. 8 (August 27, 2020): 342–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2020.007.

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ABSTRACT A distinctive burrow form, Reniformichnus australis n. isp., is described from strata immediately overlying and transecting the end-Permian extinction (EPE) horizon in the Sydney Basin, eastern Australia. Although a unique excavator cannot be identified, these burrows were probably produced by small cynodonts based on comparisons with burrows elsewhere that contain body fossils of the tracemakers. The primary host strata are devoid of plant remains apart from wood and charcoal fragments, sparse fungal spores, and rare invertebrate traces indicative of a very simplified terrestrial ecosystem characterizing a ‘dead zone' in the aftermath of the EPE. The high-paleolatitude (∼ 65–75°S) setting of the Sydney Basin, together with its higher paleoprecipitation levels and less favorable preservational potential, is reflected by a lower diversity of vertebrate fossil burrows and body fossils compared with coeval continental interior deposits of the mid-paleolatitude Karoo Basin, South Africa. Nevertheless, these burrows reveal the survivorship of small tetrapods in considerable numbers in the Sydney Basin immediately following the EPE. A fossorial lifestyle appears to have provided a selective advantage for tetrapods enduring the harsh environmental conditions that arose during the EPE. Moreover, high-paleolatitude and maritime settings may have provided important refugia for terrestrial vertebrates at a time of lethal temperatures at low-latitudes and aridification of continental interiors.

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Davis, Paul J., Yuliya Frolova, and William Callahan. "Workplace diversity management in Australia." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 35, no. 2 (March 14, 2016): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-03-2015-0020.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify Australian managers’ attitudes and understandings regarding workforce diversity management (WDM) and the practices and incorporation of WDM in organisations. Design/methodology/approach – Methodology is quantitative. A questionnaire in the form of a self-administered survey instrument was mailed to 650 managers (325 HR managers and 325 other managers) in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane. Findings – The research found that workforce diversity is not especially well understood or appreciated; especially by non-HR managers. Organisations appear generally not to prioritise WDM and levels of senior manager engagement with the topic are tentative. Statistical analysis highlighted considerable divergence of opinion across the surveyed group. Research limitations/implications – As an exploratory study, further research is encouraged to better understand cause and effect relationships pertaining to the findings. Practical implications – There are implications for HR managers or those in related roles who might design, implement and promote WDM initiatives. There are implications for consultants, employees and senior managers regarding education, awareness and support of diversity objectives. Originality/value – Addresses a gap in the literature by looking at contemporary attitudes and practices regarding WDM in Australian organisations. Provides the first empirical comparison between HR and other managers on the topic.

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John Gleeson, Damian. "Public relations education in Australia, 1950-1975." Journal of Communication Management 18, no. 2 (April 29, 2014): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcom-11-2012-0091.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the foundation and development of public relations education (PRE) in Australia between 1950 and 1975. Design/methodology/approach – This paper utilises Australian-held primary and official industry association material to present a detailed and revisionist history of PR education in Australia in its foundation decades. Findings – This paper, which locates Australia's first PRE initiatives in Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide in the 1960s, contests the only published account of PR education history by Potts (1976). The orthodox account, which has been repeated uncritically by later writers, overlooks earlier initiatives, such as the Melbourne-based Public Relations Institute of Australia, whose persistence resulted in Australia's first PR course at Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology in 1964. So too, educational initiatives in Adelaide and Sydney pre-date the traditional historiography. Originality/value – A detailed literature review suggests this paper represents the only journal-length piece on the history of PRE in Australia. It is also the first examination of relationships between industry, professional institutes, and educational authorities.

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Robinson, Ross. "Productivity of first-generation container terminals: Sydney, Australia." Maritime Policy & Management 12, no. 4 (January 1985): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03088838500000042.

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Ximenes, F. A., W. D. Gardner, and A. L. Cowie. "The decomposition of wood products in landfills in Sydney, Australia." Waste Management 28, no. 11 (November 2008): 2344–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.11.006.

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Gudmundsson, Sveinn Vidar, Ian Douglas, and Tae Hoon Oum. "Selected papers from the 15th ATRS Conference, Sydney, Australia, 2011." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 57 (October 2013): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2013.01.001.

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Robinson, Daniel, and David Edwards. "Sustainable Housing Design: Measurement, Motivation, and Management in Sutherland Shire, Sydney, Australia." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 36, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 336–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b31161.

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This paper reports on an in-depth study of the status of sustainable housing design (SHD), in Sutherland Shire, Sydney, Australia. The motives and attitudes of key stakeholders towards SHD were identified. Also investigated was the feasibility of an Ecological Sustainability Index (ESI) developed by Sutherland Shire Council, to assist as a tool for the assessment of residential developments. Residential surveys, reviews of development applications, and interviews with housing professionals all indicated that the status of environmentally sustainable housing in the area was inadequate and was not improving. Despite an overwhelming majority of people supporting the principles and goals of environmental sustainability this did not translate into practice in terms of SHD. This indicates that government education and financial incentives to include SHD features in new homes were not sufficient to affect significantly decisions made by stakeholders during the development process. The findings support the use of simple and flexible sustainability tools such as the ESI in this area, with obvious potential in broader contexts. This study suggests the need for initiatives such as an ESI to provide gradual cumulative environmental benefits towards sustainable cities in Australia and internationally, provided that they receive the necessary political will, and public and local government administrative support for sufficient implementation. The study also raises a wider agenda for interdisciplinary research into sustainable design indices.

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Bryce, Alisa, and Andrew Porter. "Soil solutions: improving water management across Sydney's public open spaces." Water Supply 10, no. 5 (December 1, 2010): 771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.160.

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With the support and assistance of Sydney Water Corporation (SWC), URS Australia Pty Ltd (URS) have developed an Irrigation and Landscape Efficiency Assessment methodology (ILA) to improve the management of public open space across Sydney. To date over 180 ILAs have been conducted, with a number of key management issues identified. Excessive watering from poor irrigation scheduling practises, low soil water-holding capacity (from shallow or sandy textured soils); and inappropriate location of ornamental plantings are regularly encountered. This paper explores the key issues impacting water management across Sydney's public open spaces, and highlights methods available to rectify these issues and reduce potable water use into the future.

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Sharobeam, Angelos, Abul Mamun, and Roy G. Beran. "030 Management and attitudes towards persons with epilepsy in general practice: how far have we come?" Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, e7 (July 2019): A11.1—A11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-anzan.29.

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IntroductionPrevious surveys of general practitioners (GP) attitudes regarding epilepsy and people with epilepsy (PWE), conducted 20–30 years ago1 2, identified the need for further education in epilepsy care for GPs. This follow up study of GPs in Sydney, Australia, was conducted to determine the degree of changes in knowledge, attitudes and management of PWE, to evaluate if there had been significant improvement during this period.MethodsA piloted questionnaire addressing epilepsy investigations, preferred care provider and attitudes towards epilepsy was developed and completed by a representative sample of Sydney GPs.ResultsA total of 52 completed responses were received. 36 out of 47 GPs (77%) chose neurologists as the most important care giver, followed by the GP (9/47; 18.7%), 25/51 respondents (49%) mentioned they never personally initiated anti-epileptic medication (AEM) and another 27% (14/51 GPs) rarely commenced AEM therapy. 6/50 GPs did not mention EEG as a routine investigation and 21/50 did not mention MRI as routine for PWE. The five most commonly prescribed AEMs, according to frequency were sodium valproate (42), carbamazepine (37), levetiracetam (31), lamotrigine (16) and phenytoin (15). Newer AEMs, available for over a decade in Australia were not mentioned. Emotional, behavioral psychosocial issues were perceived to be more common amongst PWE.ConclusionThe study indicates little perceptual shift regarding GP’s attitudes to epilepsy, and significant deficiencies in knowledge, particularly with regards to investigations and management. The findings reinforce a need for more formal training of GPs caring for PWE.ReferencesBeran RG, Read T. A survey of doctors in Sydney, Australia: perspectives and practices regarding epilepsy and those affected by it. Epilepsia. 1983;24(1):79–104.Frith JF, Harris MF, Beran RG. Management and attitudes of epilepsy by a group of Sydney general practitioners. Epilepsia. 1994;35(6):1244–7.

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Nell, John A. "Farming the Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea commercialis) in Australia." Reviews in Fisheries Science 1, no. 2 (January 1993): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641269309388537.

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Rawson, Christopher A., Richard P. Lim, Louis A. Tremblay, Michael St J. Warne, Guang-guo Ying, Edwina Laginestra, and John C. Chapman. "Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in remediated wetlands around Sydney, Australia." Ecotoxicology 19, no. 8 (September 21, 2010): 1589–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-010-0544-6.

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BELLARD, C., C. LECLERC, B. D. HOFFMANN, and F. COURCHAMP. "Vulnerability to climate change and sea-level rise of the 35th biodiversity hotspot, the Forests of East Australia." Environmental Conservation 43, no. 1 (July 1, 2015): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689291500020x.

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SUMMARYThere is an urgent need to understand how climate change, including sea-level rise, is likely to threaten biodiversity and cause secondary effects, such as agro-ecosystem alteration and human displacement. The consequences of climate change, and the resulting sea-level rise within the Forests of East Australia biodiversity hotspot, were modelled and assessed for the 2070–2099 period. Climate change effects were predicted to affectc. 100000 km2, and a rise in sea level an area of 860 km2; this could potentially lead to the displacement of 20600 inhabitants. The two threats were projected to mainly affect natural and agricultural areas. The greatest conservation benefits would be obtained by either maintaining or increasing the conservation status of areas in the northern (Wet Tropics) or southern (Sydney Basin) extremities of the hotspot, as they constitute about half of the area predicted to be affected by climate change, and both areas harbour high species richness. Increasing the connectivity of protected areas for Wet Tropics and Sydney Basin species to enable them to move into new habitat areas is also important. This study provides a basis for future research on the effects on local biodiversity and agriculture.

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Finlayson, C. Max. "Wetland research and management in the Kakadu region of northern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 7 (2018): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18158.

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This paper provides an introduction to the ecological features that characterise the wetlands of the Kakadu region in northern Australia and places these in a wider context for other papers in a special issue that expands on these features. The special issue aims to (1) synthesise knowledge of the ecosystem process that underpins the management of the rivers and floodplains and (2) undertake an integrated assessment so as to evaluate alternative management responses in the face of an uncertain future. These aims are addressed in individual papers. The managerial and physical settings of the region are introduced before some of the previous wetland research is summarised and gaps in information considered. The gaps included an understanding of the relationship between the provision of ecosystem services and outcomes for water quality and biodiversity, and ecosystem and population dynamics of wetland biodiversity. In a conclusion, the occurrence and acceptance or management of invasive species is considered in terms of the emergence of novel ecosystems as a consequence of global change, in particular sea-level rise and anticipated transition of freshwater wetlands to saline conditions.

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Jacobs, SWL, F. Perrett, GR Sainty, KH Bowmer, and BJ Jacobs. "Ludwigia peruviana (Onagraceae) in the Botany Wetlands near Sydney, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 45, no. 8 (1994): 1481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9941481.

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Ludwigia peruviana is an aquatic shrubby species introduced from the Americas and spreading to wetlands in coastal south-eastem Australia. It has become dominant, replacing much of the former vegetation in the Botany Wetlands, a series of shallow urban swamps and lakes near Sydney, Australia. Studies of L. peruviana were essential to the development of a management plan for the Botany Wetlands. Ecological studies were conducted in situ and supplemented by a series of germination and growth experiments in controlled environments. Flowering peaked in early autumn. Seed production for 1990-91 was ~ 450000 seeds m-2 and there was also ~ 65000 seeds m-2 in the soil seed bank and ~ 300000 seeds m-2 in old fruits that remained on the stems over winter. The seeds are ~ 0.8 mm long, weigh ~ 0.05 mg, are hydrophobic, usually germinate while afloat, and are easily dispersed by water, machinery and birds. Viability of fresh seed was 99% (tetrazolium dye test), and - 20% of seeds were dormant. Dormancy appeared to break down within two years. Propagation and dispersal may also occur by means of stem pieces that produce new shoots. New plants from seed, seedlings or stem fragments may become established on strand lines or form floating islands that may eventually become stranded. Management needs to focus on control of the seedlings and soil seed bank.

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Mayer-Pinto, M., E. L. Johnston, P. A. Hutchings, E. M. Marzinelli, S. T. Ahyong, G. Birch, D. J. Booth, et al. "Sydney Harbour: a review of anthropogenic impacts on the biodiversity and ecosystem function of one of the world." Marine and Freshwater Research 66, no. 12 (2015): 1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15157.

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Sydney Harbour is a hotspot for diversity. However, as with estuaries worldwide, its diversity and functioning faces increasing threats from urbanisation. This is the first synthesis of threats and impacts in Sydney Harbour. In total 200 studies were reviewed: 109 focussed on contamination, 58 on habitat modification, 11 addressed non-indigenous species (NIS) and eight investigated fisheries. Metal concentrations in sediments and seaweeds are among the highest recorded worldwide and organic contamination can also be high. Contamination is associated with increased abundances of opportunistic species, and changes in benthic community structure. The Harbour is also heavily invaded, but invaders’ ecological and economic impacts are poorly quantified. Communities within Sydney Harbour are significantly affected by extensive physical modification, with artificial structures supporting more NIS and lower diversity than their natural equivalents. We know little about the effects of fishing on the Harbour’s ecology, and although ocean warming along Sydney is among the fastest in the world, we know little about how the ecosystem will respond to warming. The interactive and cumulative effects of stressors on ecosystem functioning and services in the Harbour are largely unknown. Sustainable management of this iconic natural system requires that knowledge gaps are addressed and translated into coherent environmental plans.

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MAYS, CHRIS, and STEPHEN MCLOUGHLIN. "END-PERMIAN BURNOUT: THE ROLE OF PERMIAN–TRIASSIC WILDFIRES IN EXTINCTION, CARBON CYCLING, AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN EASTERN GONDWANA." PALAIOS 37, no. 6 (June 28, 2022): 292–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2021.051.

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ABSTRACT Wildfire has been implicated as a potential driver of deforestation and continental biodiversity loss during the end-Permian extinction event (EPE; ∼ 252 Ma). However, it cannot be established whether wildfire activity was anomalous during the EPE without valid pre- and post-EPE baselines. Here, we assess the changes in wildfire activity in the high-latitude lowlands of eastern Gondwana by presenting new long-term, quantitative late Permian (Lopingian) to Early Triassic records of dispersed fossil charcoal and inertinite from sediments of the Sydney Basin, eastern Australia. We also document little-transported fossil charcoal occurrences in middle to late Permian (Guadalupian to Lopingian) permineralized peats of the Lambert Graben, East Antarctica, and Sydney and Bowen basins, eastern Australia, indicating that even vegetation of consistently moist high-latitude settings was prone to regular fire events. Our records show that wildfires were consistently prevalent through the Lopingian, but the EPE demonstrates a clear spike in activity. The relatively low charcoal and inertinite baseline for the Early Triassic is likely due in part to the lower vegetation density, which would have limited fire spread. We review the evidence for middle Permian to Lower Triassic charcoal in the geosphere, and the impacts of wildfires on sedimentation processes and the evolution of landscapes. Moreover, we assess the evidence of continental extinction drivers during the EPE within eastern Australia, and critically evaluate the role of wildfires as a cause and consequence of ecosystem collapse. The initial intensification of the fire regime during the EPE likely played a role in the initial loss of wetland carbon sinks, and contributed to increased greenhouse gas emissions and land and freshwater ecosystem changes. However, we conclude that elevated wildfire frequency was a short-lived phenomenon; recurrent wildfire events were unlikely to be the direct cause of the subsequent long-term absence of peat-forming wetland vegetation, and the associated ‘coal gap' of the Early Triassic.

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Sohkhlet, Daniella, and Shekhar Nagargoje. "Municipal Solid Waste Management: A comparative study between Sydney (Australia) and Pune (India)." E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017004001.

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As rapid urbanization continues to take place, with a projected 68% of the world’s population expected to live in cities by 2050 according to the UN, waste management in proximity to human settlements poses problematic. Although waste generation and failure of its management is seen as a huge problem in developing cities, wealthier cities generate more waste than less affluent cities, and thus waste management is a crucial issue in developed as well as developing cities for obvious ecological reasons and for sustainability. However, while collection of waste by high GDP cities is more frequent than collection in low GDP cities, it does not imply that the issue of waste management has been resolved. A significant portion of the world still dumps its waste in landfills. Furthermore, it is projected that by 2025, lower middle-income groups will produce the most amounts of waste, while high-income groups are expected to generate the second largest amount of waste. Accordingly, it is important to understand methods of collection and disposal of solid waste carried out by cites varying in GDP and HDI to combat the issue of waste management through landfills for the purpose of creating a sustainable future. This paper is a study of existing waste management methods implemented by the governing bodies of selected cities and progress towards future policies that these governing bodies have laid out. Comparisons of existing problems faced by each city, collection methods and coverage, recycle coverage and rates, unique waste management approaches, and plans to tackle waste are carried out. The analysis can thus serve as a reference for emerging cities lacking resources that can adapt strategies described, as well as for established cities that can easily adopt certain measures to safeguard their respective ecologies and take steps towards sustainability.

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Maher, Lisa, and Hien T. Ho. "Overdose beliefs and management practices among ethnic Vietnamese heroin users in Sydney, Australia." Harm Reduction Journal 6, no. 1 (2009): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7517-6-6.

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Kessler, Megan, and Robert Harcourt. "Whale watching regulation compliance trends and the implications for management off Sydney, Australia." Marine Policy 42 (November 2013): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2013.01.016.

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Pearce, R. J. "Management of the marine environment in Western Australia: An ecosystem approach." Marine Pollution Bulletin 23 (January 1991): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(91)90735-b.

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Devonshire, Elizabeth, and Philip J. Siddall. "Joining Forces: Collaborating Internationally to Deliver High-Quality, Online Postgraduate Education in Pain Management." Pain Research and Management 16, no. 6 (2011): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/762983.

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The effective management of pain is a complex and costly global issue, requiring a range of innovative educational strategies to enable culturally appropriate and high-quality health care provision. In response to this issue, the Pain Management Research Institute at the University of Sydney (Sydney, Australia) has established several strategic alliances with other overseas universities to deliver online postgraduate education in pain management. The present article discusses the rationale for joining forces, and the approach adopted in creating and maintaining these alliances. It also provides insights into the benefits, challenges and opportunities associated with collaborative educational initiatives of this nature, from institutional, academic and student perspectives.

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McCready, S., G. Spyrakis, C. R. Greely, G. F. Birch, and E. R. Long. "Toxicity of Surficial Sediments from Sydney Harbour and Vicinity, Australia." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 96, no. 1-3 (August 2004): 53–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:emas.0000031716.34645.71.

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Budge, Kylie. "The ecosystem of a makerspace: Human, material and place-based interrelationships." Journal of Design, Business & Society 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/dbs.5.1.77_1.

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As populations continue to shift to urban centres, there is growing interest in the role of makerspaces. This interest lies in the role makerspaces play in fostering creativity and innovation given the changing dynamic of manufacturing in cities. This article argues that makerspaces comprise complex ecosystems involving the intersections of human capital, social relations, materiality and place. It does so by drawing from the growing literature on this topic and empirical data from a case study of one large makerspace in Sydney, Australia. The article contributes new knowledge to this emerging area of research on makerspaces by illustrating the messy, interconnectedness of such spaces and the neighbourhoods and communities that surround them. A model of a makerspace ecosystem is proposed as a way of visualizing the dynamics of this activity. It concludes that policy-makers, planners and developers need to resist the desire to neatly and efficiently compartmentalize and decontextualize such ecosystems given the nuanced complexity that underpins them. Rather, designing cities to include such messiness is key to supporting the creativity and innovation that is embedded within and around makerspaces.

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Khatib, Hisham. "The 19th World Energy Congress Sydney (Australia)—5–9 September 2004." Energy Policy 34, no. 7 (May 2006): 892–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2004.10.015.

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McLean, Jessica, Sophia Maalsen, and Lisa Lake. "Digital (un)sustainability at an urban university in Sydney, Australia." Cities 127 (August 2022): 103746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103746.

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Niedźwiedzki, Grzegorz, Piotr Bajdek, Krzysztof Owocki, and Benjamin P. Kear. "An Early Triassic polar predator ecosystem revealed by vertebrate coprolites from the Bulgo Sandstone (Sydney Basin) of southeastern Australia." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 464 (December 2016): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.04.003.

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Penman, T. D., R. A. Bradstock, and O. Price. "Modelling the determinants of ignition in the Sydney Basin, Australia: implications for future management." International Journal of Wildland Fire 22, no. 4 (2013): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf12027.

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Variations in area burnt by fire are governed by four processes: biomass growth, availability to burn, fire weather and ignitions. Insight into these how these processes are shaped by biophysical and human influences is required to underpin the development of effective management strategies. Patterns of natural and arson ignitions were examined within the densely populated Sydney region of south-eastern Australia to determine the extent to which management can alter the risk of ignition. Arson ignitions were more likely on ridges in association with human infrastructure, i.e. roads and houses. Lightning ignitions also occurred more frequently on ridges, but at greater distances from human infrastructure. These patterns are consistent with those reported in studies from forested regions in the northern hemisphere. Fuel age had a variable effect with lightning more likely in older fuels (>25 years) and arson more likely in younger fuels (<10 years). Probability of both ignition types increased under more severe fire weather. Climate change is predicted to increase the severity of fire weather and is therefore likely to result in an increase in ignition frequency in the Sydney Basin. Urban expansion is also likely to have significant effects on ignitions and resultant risks to people and property via an increase in the probability of arson ignitions.

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Naserisafavi, Niloufar, Taylor Coyne, Maria de Lourdes Melo Zurita, Kefeng Zhang, and Veljko Prodanovic. "Community values on governing urban water nature-based solutions in Sydney, Australia." Journal of Environmental Management 322 (November 2022): 116063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116063.

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Hill, Nichola J., Kelly A. Carbery, and Elizabeth M. Deane. "Human–Possum Conflict in Urban Sydney, Australia: Public Perceptions and Implications for Species Management." Human Dimensions of Wildlife 12, no. 2 (April 12, 2007): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871200701195928.

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Turner, A., S. White, K. Beatty, and A. Gregory. "Results of the largest residential demand management program in Australia." Water Supply 5, no. 3-4 (November 1, 2005): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0106.

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This paper provides details and the results of an evaluation study carried out on the largest residential demand management program in Australia, the Sydney Water Corporation (SWC) ‘Every Drop Counts’ (EDC) residential retrofit program. The evaluation measured the water savings of program participants and compared them to a control group. Savings of 20.9 ± 2.5 kilolitres per household per annum (kL/hh/a) were found from statistical analysis of water meter readings of the sample of single residential households analysed. These individual savings effectively provide SWC with a potential total saving of 3,344 ± 400 megalitres per annum (ML/a) for the single residential houses retrofitted alone, i.e. 80% of the 200,000 households retrofitted to date. The evaluation identified that no ‘decay’ in average savings were found over the maximum four year period assessed. Other factors evaluated during the study included: analysis of individual water efficiency measures; comparison of savings with other evaluations; and savings related to occupancy ratio, geographical grouping, income category and defined socioeconomic categories.

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Ellis, Nick, Francis Pantus, Andrzej Welna, and Alan Butler. "Evaluating ecosystem-based management options: Effects of trawling in Torres Strait, Australia." Continental Shelf Research 28, no. 16 (September 2008): 2324–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2008.03.031.

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Colley, Sarah. "What happened at WAC-3?" Antiquity 69, no. 262 (March 1995): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00064255.

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We asked Sarah Colley, who teaches Aboriginal archaeology and heritage management at the University of Sydney, Australia, to give an account of the 3rd World Archaeological Congress, held at New Delhi, India, 4–11 December 1994, as she experienced it.

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Murray, Kim. "The Law Relating to Satellite Navigation and Air Traffic Management Systems - A View from the South Pacific." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 31, no. 2 (May 1, 2000): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v31i2.5954.

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This article is an updated and revised version of a paper originally presented to a Communication, Navigation, Surveillance/ Air Traffic Management Forum of Pacific state, airline and air traffic service provider organisation representatives meeting in Sydney, Australia on 16 April 1998. The Forum was organised under the auspices of the Australian Branch of the Royal Aeronautical Society.

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Dall'Osso, F., M. Gonella, G. Gabbianelli, G. Withycombe, and D. Dominey-Howes. "Assessing the vulnerability of buildings to tsunami in Sydney." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 6 (December 3, 2009): 2015–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-2015-2009.

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Abstract. Australia is vulnerable to the impacts of tsunamis and exposure along the SE coast of New South Wales is especially high. Significantly, this is the same area reported to have been affected by repeated large magnitude tsunamis during the Holocene. Efforts are under way to complete probabilistic risk assessments for the region but local government planners and emergency risk managers need information now about building vulnerability in order to develop appropriate risk management strategies. We use the newly revised PTVA-3 Model (Dall'Osso et al., 2009) to assess the relative vulnerability of buildings to damage from a "worst case tsunami" defined by our latest understanding of regional risk – something never before undertaken in Australia. We present selected results from an investigation of building vulnerability within the local government area of Manly – an iconic coastal area of Sydney. We show that a significant proportion of buildings (in particular, residential structures) are classified as having "High" and "Very High" Relative Vulnerability Index scores. Furthermore, other important buildings (e.g., schools, nursing homes and transport structures) are also vulnerable to damage. Our results have serious implications for immediate emergency risk management, longer-term land-use zoning and development, and building design and construction standards. Based on the work undertaken here, we recommend further detailed assessment of the vulnerability of coastal buildings in at risk areas, development of appropriate risk management strategies and a detailed program of community engagement to increase overall resilience.

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Jinadasa, K. B. P. N., P. J. Milham, C. A. Hawkins, P. S. Cornish, P. A. Williams, C. J. Kaldor, and J. P. Conroy. "Survey of Cadmium Levels in Vegetables and Soils of Greater Sydney, Australia." Journal of Environmental Quality 26, no. 4 (July 1997): 924–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040002x.

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Schultz, Lisen, Carl Folke, Henrik Österblom, and Per Olsson. "Adaptive governance, ecosystem management, and natural capital." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 24 (June 16, 2015): 7369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1406493112.

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To gain insights into the effects of adaptive governance on natural capital, we compare three well-studied initiatives; a landscape in Southern Sweden, the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, and fisheries in the Southern Ocean. We assess changes in natural capital and ecosystem services related to these social–ecological governance approaches to ecosystem management and investigate their capacity to respond to change and new challenges. The adaptive governance initiatives are compared with other efforts aimed at conservation and sustainable use of natural capital: Natura 2000 in Europe, lobster fisheries in the Gulf of Maine, North America, and fisheries in Europe. In contrast to these efforts, we found that the adaptive governance cases developed capacity to perform ecosystem management, manage multiple ecosystem services, and monitor, communicate, and respond to ecosystem-wide changes at landscape and seascape levels with visible effects on natural capital. They enabled actors to collaborate across diverse interests, sectors, and institutional arrangements and detect opportunities and problems as they developed while nurturing adaptive capacity to deal with them. They all spanned local to international levels of decision making, thus representing multilevel governance systems for managing natural capital. As with any governance system, internal changes and external drivers of global impacts and demands will continue to challenge the long-term success of such initiatives.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ecosystem management – Australia – Sydney'

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