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Journal articles on the topic 'Ecosystem engineer'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Gable, Thomas D., Sean M. Johnson-Bice, Austin T. Homkes, Steve K. Windels, and Joseph K. Bump. "Outsized effect of predation: Wolves alter wetland creation and recolonization by killing ecosystem engineers." Science Advances 6, no. 46 (November 2020): eabc5439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc5439.

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Gray wolves are a premier example of how predators can transform ecosystems through trophic cascades. However, whether wolves change ecosystems as drastically as previously suggested has been increasingly questioned. We demonstrate how wolves alter wetland creation and recolonization by killing dispersing beavers. Beavers are ecosystem engineers that generate most wetland creation throughout boreal ecosystems. By studying beaver pond creation and recolonization patterns coupled with wolf predation on beavers, we determined that 84% of newly created and recolonized beaver ponds remained occupied until the fall, whereas 0% of newly created and recolonized ponds remained active after a wolf killed the dispersing beaver that colonized that pond. By affecting where and when beavers engineer ecosystems, wolves alter all of the ecological processes (e.g., water storage, nutrient cycling, and forest succession) that occur due to beaver-created impoundments. Our study demonstrates how predators have an outsized effect on ecosystems when they kill ecosystem engineers.

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2

Cintra, Allsay Kitsash Addifisyukha. "MENGENAL PEREKAYASA EKOSISTEM." OSEANA 44, no. 2 (December 27, 2019): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oseana.2019.vol.44no.2.49.

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UNDERSTANDING THE ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS. Ecosystem engineers are organisms that can create, destroy or even maintain the sustainability of a particular habitat. The process of ecosystem engineering begins with structural changes in the environment and subsequently change the abiotic the biotic term or the existence of other organisms. Ecosystem engineers are divided into two, namely autogenic and allogenic engineers. Autogenic engineers change the habitat condition by shifting their body conditions, whereas allogenic engineers that can directly change habitat conditions. The impact of ecosystem engineers on the environment is determined by the magnitude and duration of structural changes made or abandoned by the ecosystem engineer. Understanding the concept of ecosystem engineering is useful as one of the efforts to restore habitat and conservation acts.

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3

Ayanu, Yohannes, Anke Jentsch, Detlef Müller-Mahn, Simone Rettberg, Clemens Romankiewicz, and Thomas Koellner. "Ecosystem engineer unleashed: Prosopis juliflora threatening ecosystem services?" Regional Environmental Change 15, no. 1 (May 21, 2014): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-014-0616-x.

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4

Stawski, Clare. "The little feathered ecosystem engineer." Journal of Experimental Biology 220, no. 11 (May 31, 2017): 1934.1–1934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.147397.

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5

Wheelwright, Nathaniel T. "Eradication of an ecosystem engineer." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 14, no. 1 (February 2016): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fee.1221.

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6

Mott, Cy L., Craig K. Bloomquist, and Clayton K. Nielsen. "Within-lodge interactions between two ecosystem engineers, beavers (Castor canadensis) and muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus)." Behaviour 150, no. 11 (2013): 1325–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003097.

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Ecosystem engineers are frequently observed to increase local biodiversity through their effects on resource flows. While promotion of successional processes and increased biodiversity may occur without direct interaction between ecosystem engineers and sympatric species, many cases exist where interactions are common. Under such conditions, it is unclear whether direct interactions serve to facilitate or inhibit coexistence of ecosystem engineers and the species attempting to use engineered habitats. We used remote videography within lodges of an ecosystem engineer, beavers (Castor canadensis), to quantify the taxonomic diversity of lodge use by non-beaver fauna and to characterize interactions between beavers and a second engineering species that commonly uses beaver-manipulated habitats, muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus). Beaver lodges were used by eleven types of vertebrates and invertebrates. Although no increased aggression was displayed by resident beavers towards intruding muskrats, the temporally partitioned patterns of muskrats’ and beavers’ entrances and exits to and from lodges, respectively, and altered behavior among both species during cohabitation, indicates that lodge use by muskrats represents an exploitative behavior as opposed to a mutualistic or even commensalistic relationship. We hypothesize that the ecological similarities between these species promotes competitive interactions, and the observed relationship highlights the tradeoffs faced by ecosystem engineers wherein constructed objects intended to exclude competitors are simultaneously associated with habitat modifications that promote the persistence of those same competitors.

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7

Fontanari, José. "The Collapse of Ecosystem Engineer Populations." Mathematics 6, no. 1 (January 12, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math6010009.

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8

Bruschetti, Martín. "Role of Reef-Building, Ecosystem Engineering Polychaetes in Shallow Water Ecosystems." Diversity 11, no. 9 (September 17, 2019): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11090168.

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Although the effect of ecosystem engineers in structuring communities is common in several systems, it is seldom as evident as in shallow marine soft-bottoms. These systems lack abiotic three-dimensional structures but host biogenic structures that play critical roles in controlling abiotic conditions and resources. Here I review how reef-building polychaetes (RBP) engineer their environment and affect habitat quality, thus regulating community structure, ecosystem functioning, and the provision of ecosystem services in shallow waters. The analysis focuses on different engineering mechanisms, such as hard substrate production, effects on hydrodynamics, and sediment transport, and impacts mediated by filter feeding and biodeposition. Finally, I deal with landscape-level topographic alteration by RBP. In conclusion, RBP have positive impacts on diversity and abundance of many species mediated by the structure of the reef. Additionally, by feeding on phytoplankton and decreasing water turbidity, RBP can control primary production, increase light penetration, and might alleviate the effects of eutrophication affecting supporting ecosystem services, such as nutrient cycling. They can also modulate cultural ecosystem services by affecting recreational activities (e.g., negative impacts on boating and angling, increased value of sites as birdwatching sites). Acknowledging the multiplicity of synergistic and antagonistic effects of RBP on ecosystems and linking changes in habitat structure, filter-feeding activities, and biodeposition to ecosystem services are essential for effective decision-making regarding their management and restoration.

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9

Lundgren, Erick J., Daniel Ramp, Juliet C. Stromberg, Jianguo Wu, Nathan C. Nieto, Martin Sluk, Karla T. Moeller, and Arian D. Wallach. "Equids engineer desert water availability." Science 372, no. 6541 (April 29, 2021): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abd6775.

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Megafauna play important roles in the biosphere, yet little is known about how they shape dryland ecosystems. We report on an overlooked form of ecosystem engineering by donkeys and horses. In the deserts of North America, digging of ≤2-meter wells to groundwater by feral equids increased the density of water features, reduced distances between waters, and, at times, provided the only water present. Vertebrate richness and activity were higher at equid wells than at adjacent dry sites, and, by mimicking flood disturbance, equid wells became nurseries for riparian trees. Our results suggest that equids, even those that are introduced or feral, are able to buffer water availability, which may increase resilience to ongoing human-caused aridification.

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10

Scheel, David, Peter Godfrey-Smith, and Matthew Lawrence. "Octopus tetricus (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) as an ecosystem engineer." Scientia Marina 78, no. 4 (October 16, 2014): 521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04073.15a.

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11

Tapia, Washington, and James P. Gibbs. "Galapagos land iguanas as ecosystem engineers." PeerJ 10 (January 20, 2022): e12711. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12711.

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Background Declines of large-bodied herbivorous reptiles are well documented, but the consequences for ecosystem function are not. Understanding how large-bodied herbivorous reptiles engineer ecosystems is relevant given the current interest in restoration of tropical islands where extinction rates are disproportionately high and reptiles are prominent as herbivores. Methods In this study, we measured the ecosystem-level outcomes of long-term quasi-experiment represented by two adjacent islands within the Galapagos Archipelago, one with and the other without Galapagos land iguanas (Conolophus subcristatus), large-bodied herbivores known to feed on many plant species. We characterized plant communities on each island by developing high-resolution (<1 cm2) aerial imagery and delineating extent of plant associations and counting individual plants on each. Results In the presence of iguanas there was dramatically less woody plant cover, more area with seasonal grasses, and many fewer cacti. Cacti had a more clumped distribution where iguanas were absent than where iguanas were present. Discussion This study provided strong evidence that Galapagos land iguanas can substantially engineer the structure of terrestrial plant communities; therefore, restoration of large-bodied reptilian herbivores, such as land iguanas and giant tortoises, should be regarded as an important component of overall ecosystem restoration, especially for tropical islands from which they have been extirpated.

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12

Tummon Flynn, Paula, Keegan McCarvill, K. Devon Lynn, and Pedro A. Quijón. "The positive effect of coexisting ecosystem engineers: a unique seaweed-mussel association provides refuge for native mud crabs against a non-indigenous predator." PeerJ 8 (December 21, 2020): e10540. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10540.

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In marine sedimentary bottoms, mussels and macroalgae have long been recognized as important autogenic engineers that create habitat and modify abiotic conditions. The structural complexity added by bivalves and macroalgae may also mediate intraguild predation amongst marine decapod crustaceans. While spatial distributions of these ecosystem engineers frequently overlap, there is limited understanding of compounded effects when more than one engineer is present. Here we demonstrate that the coexistence of two ecosystem engineers may create habitat valuable for the survival of a small native species, the Atlantic mud crab (Panopeus herbstii), in the presence of the invasive green crab (Carcinus maenas). Using laboratory and field habitat mimics, we measured mud crab survival rates as a proxy for refuge quality. We compared the refuge provided by a unique association between shells of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and the giant strain of Irish moss (Chondrus crispus) to that provided by bare substrate, and by each engineer alone. These experiments revealed that the association of giant Irish moss with blue mussel shells positively and non-additively increased mud crab survival compared to the other less complex habitat mimics. In contrast, parallel experiments revealed that high habitat complexity was less important for young green crabs to survive predation from large conspecifics. These results suggest that the impact of ecosystem engineers on trophic dynamics should be considered in a broader, whole-community context encompassing multiple habitat-forming species present.

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13

Willby, Nigel J., Alan Law, Oded Levanoni, Garth Foster, and Frauke Ecke. "Rewilding wetlands: beaver as agents of within-habitat heterogeneity and the responses of contrasting biota." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1761 (October 22, 2018): 20170444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0444.

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Ecosystem engineers can increase biodiversity by creating novel habitat supporting species that would otherwise be absent. Their more routine activities further influence the biota occupying engineered habitats. Beavers are well-known for transforming ecosystems through dam building and are therefore increasingly being used for habitat restoration, adaptation to climate extremes and in long-term rewilding. Abandoned beaver ponds (BP) develop into meadows or forested wetlands that differ fundamentally from other terrestrial habitats and thus increase landscape diversity. Active BP, by contrast, are superficially similar to other non-engineered shallow wetlands, but ongoing use and maintenance might affect how BP contribute to aquatic biodiversity. We explored the ‘within-habitat’ effect of an ecosystem engineer by comparing active BP in southern Sweden with coexisting other wetlands (OW), using sedentary (plants) and mobile (water beetles) organisms as indicators. BP differed predictably from OW in environmental characteristics and were more heterogeneous. BP supported more plant species at plot (+15%) and site (+33%) scales, and plant beta diversity, based on turnover between plots, was 17% higher than in OW, contributing to a significantly larger species pool in BP (+17%). Beetles were not differentiated between BP and OW based on diversity measures but were 26% more abundant in BP. Independent of habitat creation beaver are thus significant agents of within-habitat heterogeneity that differentiates BP from other standing water habitat; as an integral component of the rewilding of wetlands re-establishing beaver should benefit aquatic biodiversity across multiple scales. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Trophic rewilding: consequences for ecosystems under global change’.

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14

Yocom, Ken P. "Applying Design Lessons from an Ecosystem Engineer." Ecological Restoration 38, no. 4 (December 2020): 267–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.38.4.267.

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15

Heiman, K. W., and F. Micheli. "Non-native Ecosystem Engineer Alters Estuarine Communities." Integrative and Comparative Biology 50, no. 2 (May 6, 2010): 226–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icq036.

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16

Cove, Michael V., and Andrew S. Maurer. "Home decorating by an endangered ecosystem engineer." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 17, no. 4 (April 29, 2019): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fee.2040.

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17

Losapio, Gianalberto, and Christian Schöb. "Pollination interactions reveal direct costs and indirect benefits of plant–plant facilitation for ecosystem engineers." Journal of Plant Ecology 13, no. 1 (November 6, 2019): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtz049.

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Abstract Aims Ecosystem engineers substantially modify the environment via their impact on abiotic conditions and the biota, resulting in facilitation of associated species that would not otherwise grow. Yet, reciprocal effects are poorly understood as studies of plant–plant interactions usually estimate only benefits for associated species, while how another trophic level may mediate direct and indirect feedback effects for ecosystem engineers is hardly considered. Methods We ran a field experiment with two ecosystem engineers (Arenaria tetraquetra and Hormathophylla spinosa) blooming either alone or with associated plants to decompose net effects and to test the hypothesis that pollinator-mediated interactions provide benefits that balance costs of facilitation by ecosystem engineers. Important Findings We found that net costs of facilitation are accompanied by pollinator-mediated benefits. Despite ecosystem engineers producing fewer flowers per plant, they were visited by more and more diverse pollinators per flower when blooming with associated plants than when blooming alone. Although seed production per plant was higher when ecosystem engineers bloomed alone, fruit set and seed set varied between species. In one case (A. tetraquetra), fruit and seed sets were negatively affected by the presence of associated plants, whereas, in another case (H. spinosa), fruit set and seed set were higher and unaffected when ecosystem engineers bloomed with associated plants, respectively. Our findings suggest that besides experiencing direct costs, ecosystem engineers can also benefit from facilitating other species via increasing their own visibility to pollinators. Thus, we highlight that pollination interactions can compensate for costs of facilitation depending on ecosystem engineer species. This study illuminates how the outcome of direct plant–plant interactions might be mediated by indirect interactions including third players.

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18

Pascal, Ludovic, Antoine Grémare, Xavier Montaudouin, Bruno Deflandre, Alicia Romero‐Ramirez, and Olivier Maire. "Parasitism in ecosystem engineer species: A key factor controlling marine ecosystem functioning." Journal of Animal Ecology 89, no. 9 (May 4, 2020): 2192–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13236.

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19

de Moura Queirós, Ana, Jan Geert Hiddink, Gareth Johnson, Henrique Nogueira Cabral, and Michel Joseph Kaiser. "Context dependence of marine ecosystem engineer invasion impacts on benthic ecosystem functioning." Biological Invasions 13, no. 5 (February 19, 2011): 1059–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-9948-3.

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20

Hughes, A. Randall, Forest R. Schenck, Jeanne Bloomberg, Torrance C. Hanley, Dongmei Feng, Tarik C. Gouhier, R. Edward Beighley, and David L. Kimbro. "Biogeographic gradients in ecosystem processes of the invasive ecosystem engineer Phragmites australis." Biological Invasions 18, no. 9 (April 28, 2016): 2577–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-016-1143-0.

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21

Wright, Jeffrey T., and Paul E. Gribben. "Disturbance-mediated facilitation by an intertidal ecosystem engineer." Ecology 98, no. 9 (August 2, 2017): 2425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1932.

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22

Rossi, Francesca, Britta Gribsholt, Frederic Gazeau, Valentina Di Santo, and Jack J. Middelburg. "Complex Effects of Ecosystem Engineer Loss on Benthic Ecosystem Response to Detrital Macroalgae." PLoS ONE 8, no. 6 (June 21, 2013): e66650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066650.

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23

De Almeida, T., F. Mesléard, M. Santonja, R. Gros, T. Dutoit, and O. Blight. "Above- and below-ground effects of an ecosystem engineer ant in Mediterranean dry grasslands." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1935 (September 23, 2020): 20201840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1840.

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Within a local assemblage, ecosystem engineers can have major impacts on population dynamics, community composition and ecosystem functions by transforming or creating new habitats. They act as an ecological filter altering community composition through a set of environmental variables. The impact of ants on their environment has been widely studied, but their multi-component effects (both trophic and non-trophic) have been rarely addressed. We investigated the roles of Messor barbarus , one of the commonest harvester ant species in south-western European Mediterranean grasslands. We analysed soil physico-chemical parameters, above-ground vegetation (e.g. species richness, plant community, micro-local heterogeneity, plant biomass) and above- and below-ground fauna (macrofauna, Collembola, Acari and nematodes). A clear and strong local impact of M. barbarus on soil, vegetation and fauna compartments emerges. The environmental filter is altered by modifications to soil physico-chemical properties, and the biotic filter by changes to plant communities and altered above- and below-ground fauna abundance, occurrence and community structure. The engineering activity of M. barbarus affects not only these separate ecosystem components but also the trophic and non-trophic relationships between them. By altering ecological filters at a local scale, M. barbarus creates habitat heterogeneity that may in turn increase ecological niches in these highly diverse ecosystems.

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24

Neilly, H., and L. Schwarzkopf. "Heavy livestock grazing negatively impacts a marsupial ecosystem engineer." Journal of Zoology 305, no. 1 (January 24, 2018): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12533.

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Duncan, Sarah I., J. T. Pynne, Elizabeth I. Parsons, Robert J. Fletcher, James D. Austin, Steven B. Castleberry, L. Mike Conner, Robert A. Gitzen, Michael Barbour, and Robert A. McCleery. "Land use and cover effects on an ecosystem engineer." Forest Ecology and Management 456 (January 2020): 117642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117642.

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26

Nummi, Petri, and Anna Hahtola. "The beaver as an ecosystem engineer facilitates teal breeding." Ecography 31, no. 4 (August 2008): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.05477.x.

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27

Manning, Adrian D., Maldwyn J. Evans, Sam C. Banks, William G. Batson, Emily Belton, Helen A. Crisp, Donald B. Fletcher, et al. "Transition to density dependence in a reintroduced ecosystem engineer." Biodiversity and Conservation 28, no. 14 (September 21, 2019): 3803–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01852-2.

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Dangerfield, J. M., T. S. Mccarthy, and W. N. Ellery. "The mound-building termite Macrotermes michaelseni as an ecosystem engineer." Journal of Tropical Ecology 14, no. 4 (July 1998): 507–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467498000364.

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Many organisms create or alter resource flows that affect the composition and spatial arrangement of current and future organismal diversity. The phenomenon called ecosystem engineering is considered with a case study of the mound building termite Macrotermes michaelseni. It is argued that this species acts as an ecosystem engineer across a range of spatial scales, from alteration of local infiltration rates to the creation of landscape mosaics, and that its impacts accrue because of the initiation of biophysical processes that often include feedback mechanisms. These changes to resource flows are likely to persist for long periods and constrain the biological structure of the habitat. The value of ecosystem engineering is discussed as a holistic way of understanding the complexity of tropical ecology.

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Denny, Mark. "Wave-Energy Dissipation: Seaweeds and Marine Plants Are Ecosystem Engineers." Fluids 6, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6040151.

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Ocean waves deliver an immense amount of energy to coasts around the planet, powering high-velocity flows that interact with nearshore marine plants and animals. Although some of these interactions are beneficial, it is often advantageous for subtidal and intertidal ecological communities if wave-induced water velocities can be reduced by safely dissipating wave energy. This function is often fulfilled by seaweeds and marine plants, which thereby act as ecosystem engineers, modifying the environment to the benefit of the community. Recent advances in hydro-mechanical theory help to explain the mechanisms by which vegetation dissipates wave energy, highlighting the role that organisms’ tendency to bend in flow—their structural flexibility—plays in their ability to engineer wave-induced flows. Here, I review these theories and their application to salt marsh plants, seagrasses, mangroves, and seaweeds, focusing on the ways that marine vegetation serves a foundational role in community function.

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Phillips, Jonathan D. "Biogeomorphology and contingent ecosystem engineering in karst landscapes." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 40, no. 4 (January 13, 2016): 503–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133315624641.

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While karst is not biogenic in the same sense as, say, coral reefs or peat bogs, and carbonate dissolution can occur abiotically, formation of karst landscapes would not occur in the absence of the biosphere. Seven levels of biogeomorphic biotic-abiotic interactions are identified, from indirect impacts to landforms as extended phenotypes. Karst is generally near the biogenic end of that spectrum, featuring reciprocal interactions and mutual adjustments between biota and landforms and interrelated geomorphological and ecological processes. Karst biogeomorphology may also involve niche construction. In many cases biogeomorphic ecosystem engineering in karst is contingent, in the sense that the engineer organisms may have no, or different, biogeomorphic impacts in non-karst environments. Several examples of contingent ecosystem engineering in karst are given, including biogeomorphic effects of chinkapin oak. Abiotic geomorphic features exist on Earth, but consideration of landform types lying between the biotic-abiotic extremes would likely yield broadly similar conclusions to those about karst. However, it is also clear that we know very little about niche construction and coevolution in karst biogeomorphology, and whether karst or any specific karst features can be considered an extended (composite) phenotype is still an open question. Thus far, most work on biogeomorphology and ecosystem engineering has focused on what might be called obligate engineers—organisms whose engineering effects are at least inevitable, if not necessary to their survival. However, in some cases contingent ecosystem engineers have substantial geomorphic impacts.

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Wheeler, Kit, Scott W. Miller, and Todd A. Crowl. "Adfluvial salmonids have engineering but not fertilization impacts in tributaries of a central Utah reservoir." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 75, no. 3 (March 2018): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0462.

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Migratory fishes can affect tributary ecosystem properties given their potential to introduce nutrients (fertilize) and physically modify habitat (engineer) during spawning. Nonetheless, migrant effects are frequently context-dependent, and it is useful to understand their strength relative to other potential ecosystem drivers. We examined whether tributary ecosystem properties varied in response to migrations of two adfluvial salmonids, taking advantage of differences in migration timing and reproductive strategy between species, as well as hydrogeomorphic differences between a pair of tributaries. For analyses, we used a model comparison approach to evaluate migrant effects relative to other possible drivers. We observed that Bonneville cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah) engineered benthic chlorophyll a in redds, with reduction (51% ± 16% decrease) generally occurring during migrations. Contrary to expectations, migrant fertilization effects were not pronounced even in the more retentive tributary during migration by species (kokanee, Oncorhynchus nerka) that exhibited high postspawning mortality. Based on multimodel comparisons, isolated migrant effects were not the primary influence on measured ecosystem properties. Our findings underscore the need to consider different biotic and abiotic conditions that can mediate migratory fish effects.

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White, CA, RJ Bannister, SA Dworjanyn, V. Husa, PD Nichols, and T. Dempster. "Aquaculture-derived trophic subsidy boosts populations of an ecosystem engineer." Aquaculture Environment Interactions 10 (June 26, 2018): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/aei00270.

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Cameron, Erin K., Heather C. Proctor, and Erin M. Bayne. "Effects of an Ecosystem Engineer on Belowground Movement of Microarthropods." PLoS ONE 8, no. 4 (April 30, 2013): e62796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062796.

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Decleer, Kris, Dries Bonte, and Rudy Van Diggelen. "The hemiparasite Pedicularis palustris: ‘Ecosystem engineer’ for fen-meadow restoration." Journal for Nature Conservation 21, no. 2 (April 2013): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2012.10.004.

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35

Caplan, Joshua S., Rachel N. Hager, J. Patrick Megonigal, and Thomas J. Mozdzer. "Global change accelerates carbon assimilation by a wetland ecosystem engineer." Environmental Research Letters 10, no. 11 (November 1, 2015): 115006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/11/115006.

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36

Nummi, Petri, and Sari Holopainen. "Whole-community facilitation by beaver: ecosystem engineer increases waterbird diversity." Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 24, no. 5 (February 12, 2014): 623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2437.

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Valkó, Orsolya, Csaba Tölgyesi, András Kelemen, Zoltán Bátori, Róbert Gallé, Zoltán Rádai, Tatyana M. Bragina, Yevgeny A. Bragin, and Balázs Deák. "Steppe Marmot (Marmota bobak) as ecosystem engineer in arid steppes." Journal of Arid Environments 184 (January 2021): 104244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104244.

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38

Morgan, Emer, Ruth M. O' Riordan, and Sarah C. Culloty. "Climate change impacts on potential recruitment in an ecosystem engineer." Ecology and Evolution 3, no. 3 (February 4, 2013): 581–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.419.

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39

Harley, Christopher D. G., and Jaclyn L. O’Riley. "Non-linear density-dependent effects of an intertidal ecosystem engineer." Oecologia 166, no. 2 (December 19, 2010): 531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-010-1864-1.

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40

Gribben, Paul E., James E. Byers, Jeffrey T. Wright, and Tim M. Glasby. "Positive versus negative effects of an invasive ecosystem engineer on different components of a marine ecosystem." Oikos 122, no. 6 (October 30, 2012): 816–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20868.x.

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41

Paya, Ali. "The Faqīh as Engineer." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 24–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v33i1.245.

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Following a brief discussion on the differences between science and technology as well as engineering’s main characteristics, I explore fiqh’s epistemological features. The upshot of my discussion is that although Muslim scholars like Farabi and Ghazzali consciously placed fiqhin the category of “applied sciences,” it seems that many of the fuqahā’ and other Muslim (or even non-Muslim)s cholars have not fully appreciated the significance of this point.T he result, as I argue, has been epistemic confusion on the part ofm any fuqahā’and perhaps other Muslim scholars. It has generally been assumed that fiqhhas the (immediate) aim of acquiring knowledge and discovering objective truth about reality, and that by doing so it can fulfill its other purpose: dealing with practical issues. I shall argue that this misconception has contributed to some unfortunate consequences. Equating a faqīh, who is a practical problem-solver par excellence (i.e., an engineer), with an ‘ālim (a man of knowledge) has helped the fuqahā’ further consolidatet heir dominant position in the ecosystem of Islamic culture. In turn,t his has paved the way for the dominance of instrumentalistic/p ragmatic approaches, in contrast to truth-oriented activities, in tra-d itional centers of learning in Muslim societies.

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González-Bergonzoni, Ivan, Kasper L. Johansen, Anders Mosbech, Frank Landkildehus, Erik Jeppesen, and Thomas A. Davidson. "Small birds, big effects: the little auk ( Alle alle ) transforms high Arctic ecosystems." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1849 (February 22, 2017): 20162572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2572.

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In some arctic areas, marine-derived nutrients (MDN) resulting from fish migrations fuel freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems, increasing primary production and biodiversity. Less is known, however, about the role of seabird-MDN in shaping ecosystems. Here, we examine how the most abundant seabird in the North Atlantic, the little auk ( Alle alle ), alters freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems around the North Water Polynya (NOW) in Greenland. We compare stable isotope ratios ( δ 15 N and δ 13 C) of freshwater and terrestrial biota, terrestrial vegetation indices and physical–chemical properties, productivity and community structure of fresh waters in catchments with and without little auk colonies. The presence of colonies profoundly alters freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems by providing nutrients and massively enhancing primary production. Based on elevated δ 15 N in MDN, we estimate that MDN fuels more than 85% of terrestrial and aquatic biomass in bird influenced systems. Furthermore, by using different proxies of bird impact (colony distance, algal δ 15 N) it is possible to identify a gradient in ecosystem response to increasing bird impact. Little auk impact acidifies the freshwater systems, reducing taxonomic richness of macroinvertebrates and truncating food webs. These results demonstrate that the little auk acts as an ecosystem engineer, transforming ecosystems across a vast region of Northwest Greenland.

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Crawford, Kerri M., Gregory M. Crutsinger, and Nathan J. Sanders. "HOST-PLANT GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY MEDIATES THE DISTRIBUTION OF AN ECOSYSTEM ENGINEER." Ecology 88, no. 8 (August 2007): 2114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-1441.1.

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Carlisle, Jason D., David R. Stewart, and Anna D. Chalfoun. "An Invertebrate Ecosystem Engineer Under the Umbrella of Sage-Grouse Conservation." Western North American Naturalist 77, no. 4 (January 16, 2017): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3398/064.077.0406.

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Bellgrove, Alecia, Prudence F. McKenzie, Hayley Cameron, and Jacqueline B. Pocklington. "Restoring rocky intertidal communities: Lessons from a benthic macroalgal ecosystem engineer." Marine Pollution Bulletin 117, no. 1-2 (April 2017): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.012.

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Sun, Sunny Li, Victor Z. Chen, Sanwar A. Sunny, and Jie Chen. "Venture capital as an innovation ecosystem engineer in an emerging market." International Business Review 28, no. 5 (October 2019): 101485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.02.012.

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Wright, Jeffrey T., Paul E. Gribben, and Signe Latzel. "Native ecosystem engineer facilitates recruitment of invasive crab and native invertebrates." Biological Invasions 18, no. 11 (June 28, 2016): 3163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-016-1206-2.

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Goedknegt, M. Anouk, Christian Buschbaum, Jaap van der Meer, K. Mathias Wegner, and David W. Thieltges. "Introduced marine ecosystem engineer indirectly affects parasitism in native mussel hosts." Biological Invasions 22, no. 11 (August 26, 2020): 3223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02318-1.

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Kurek, Przemysław, Łukasz Piechnik, Blanka Wiatrowska, Agnieszka Ważna, Krzysztof Nowakowski, Xosé Pardavila, Jan Cichocki, and Barbara Seget. "Badger Meles meles as Ecosystem Engineer and Its Legal Status in Europe." Animals 12, no. 7 (March 31, 2022): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12070898.

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The European badger plays an important role as a natural factor shaping species diversity in forests. Its extensive setts can be used by many other animals as shelters. Soil perturbations in their setts support plant communities that differ from the matrix landscape. The badger is also an effective seed disperser. We investigated its role as an ecosystem engineer in preserving species diversity and discussed its legal status across Europe. In most European countries (69.3% of the continent), the badger is hunted, sometimes year-round. The hunting season lasting through winter until early spring may have a negative effect on badger populations, especially when cubs are born in February. Although this species is Red Listed in 19 European countries (with categories ranging from LC to EN), the badger is strictly protected by law in 30.7% of its European range. A reduction in badger populations may limit its ecosystem services (seed dispersal, topsoil disturbances, microhabitat creation). Much new data on the importance of badgers in ecosystem engineering has allowed us to reconsider how we manage badger populations.

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Pocklington, Jacqueline B., Michael J. Keough, Tim D. O’Hara, and Alecia Bellgrove. "The Influence of Canopy Cover on the Ecological Function of A Key Autogenic Ecosystem Engineer." Diversity 11, no. 5 (May 17, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11050079.

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Intertidal fucoid algae can function as ecosystem engineers across temperate marine regions. In this investigation, we assessed the function of the alga dominating rocky reefs in temperate Australia and New Zealand, Hormosira banksii. Invertebrate and algal species assemblages were examined within areas of full H. banksii canopy, areas where it was naturally patchy or absent (within its potential range on the shore) and areas where the intact canopy was experimentally disturbed. Differences in species assemblages were detected between areas with natural variation in H. banksii cover (full, patchy, negligible), with defined species associated with areas of full cover. Differences were also detected between experimentally manipulated and naturally patchy areas of canopy cover. Species assemblages altered in response to canopy manipulations and did not recover even twelve months after initial sampling. Both light intensity and temperature were buffered by full canopies compared to patchy canopies and exposed rock. This study allows us to predict the consequences to the intertidal community due to the loss of canopy cover, which may result from a range of disturbances such as trampling, storm damage, sand burial and prolonged exposure to extreme temperature, and further allow for improved management of this key autogenic ecosystem engineer.

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