Academic literature on the topic 'Ecosystem Assessment and Management of Urban and Industrial Environments'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ecosystem Assessment and Management of Urban and Industrial Environments"
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Alexeev, D. K., V. A. Shelutko, N. V. Zueva, E. V. Kolesnikova, E. S. Urusova, and E. A. Primak. "Research results in the field of applied and systems ecology at RSHU." HYDROMETEOROLOGY AND ECOLOGY. PROCEEDINGS OF THE RUSSIAN STATE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 60 (2020): 306–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33933/2074-2762-2020-60-306-324.
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The authors’ point of view on formation and development of applied ecology at RSHU is given. The article contains a brief overview of research results over the past 20 years in the field of applied ecology. The main directions of research of the Department of Applied and Systems Ecology are presented: consideration of features of environmental information during the processing of observation data, development of theory and methods of assessment of pollution in rivers and reservoirs, ecological and hydrometeorological problems of large cities and industrial areas, quality management of the urban environment, mathematical modeling of water body ecosystems, monitoring and assessment of the ecological status of marine ecosystems. The issues of international cooperation of the Department with foreign and Russian organizations are highlighted. One of the challenges that require making immediate decision in environment quality assessment is criterion selection for estimation the ecological condition, status or ambient quality standard. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use the method of integral assessment of the sustainability and health of marine and freshwater ecosystems, which can characterize the ecological status of the aquatic ecosystems as a whole. On the basis of synthesis of existing approaches to assessing the sustainability and ecosystem health, the choice of models and methods for their quantitative integral assessment is justified. An integral indicator of the sustainability of marine and freshwater ecosystems, as well as a training model-classification have been developed to calculate integral indices, which allow to classify various aquatic areas according to the classes of sustainability and ecosystem health. In addition, recommendations have been proposed to improve standard methods of water quality assessment based on hydrochemical data and to reduce environmental risk for sustainable development of urban areas.
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Xie, Yichun, Chao Liu, Shujuan Chang, and Bin Jiang. "Urban Sustainability: Integrating Socioeconomic and Environmental Data for Multi-Objective Assessment." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (July 26, 2022): 9142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159142.
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The large concentration of the world’s population in cities, along with rapid urbanization, have brought numerous environmental and socioeconomic challenges to sustainable urban systems (SUS). However, current SUS studies focus heavily on ecological aspects, rely on SUS indicators that are not supported by available data, lack comprehensive analytical frameworks, and neglect SUS regional differences. This paper develops a novel approach to assessing urban sustainability from regional perspectives using commonly enumerated socioeconomic statistics. It integrates land use and land cover change data and ecosystem service values, applies data mining analytics to derive SUS indicators, and evaluates SUS states as trade-offs among relevant SUS indicators. This synthetic approach is called the integrated socioeconomic and land-use data mining–based multi-objective assessment (ISL-DM-MOA). The paper presents a case study of urban sustainability development in cities and counties in Inner Mongolia, China, which face many environmental and sustainable development problems. The case study identifies two SUS types: (1) several large cities that boast well-developed economies, diversified industrial sectors, vital transportation locations, good living conditions, and cleaner environments; and (2) a few small counties that have a small population, small urban construction areas, extensive natural grasslands, and primary grazing economies. The ISL-DM-MOA framework innovatively synthesizes currently available socioeconomic statistics and environmental data as a unified dataset to assess urban sustainability as a total socio-environmental system. ISL-DM-MOA deviates from the current indicator approach and advocates the notion of a data-mining-driven approach to derive urban sustainability dimensions. Furthermore, ISL-DM-MOA diverges from the concept of a composite score for determining urban sustainability. Instead, it promotes the concept of Pareto Front as a choice set of sustainability candidates, because sustainability varies among nations, regions, and locations and differs between political, economic, environmental, and cultural systems.
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Wiesner-Sękala, Marta, and Beata Kończak. "Assessment of the Impact of Industrial and Municipal Discharges on the Surface Water Body Status (Poland)." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15020997.
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Due to potential pressure from industrial and municipal activities, urban water bodies are at risk of not achieving the environmental objectives of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) by 2027. This study comprised the quality assessment of water body “Kłodnica do Promnej (bez)” under a strong anthropogenic influence. The main potential sources of pollution in the catchment were identified and the related characteristic contaminants were analysed. The obtained values of pollutants were compared with the limit values for surface waters from Regulation (Journal of Laws 2021, item 1475). The results confirmed that the analysed water body located in highly urbanized area is characterized by poor water quality and chemical status below the good status. The main threat to the aquatic environment is high salinity associated with the presence of mine water discharges. Moreover, the priority substances, such as Cd, Ni and Pb, exceeded the environmental quality standards values (EQS) in most of the designated measurement points. Due to the fact that water ecosystems do not constitute stand-alone structures, but are included in a wider socio-ecological system, the implementation of an integrated approach to characterizing the existing status of the water bodies and estimating the risk posed to the aquatic ecosystem is a crucial element of the catchment management process in the context of the provisions of the WFD.
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Martsinkevich, Galina I., Iryna I. Shchasnaya, Aliaksandr A. Karpichenka, and Dzmitry S. Varabyou. "Formation and assessment of ecological risks of urban landscapes in industrial cities of Belarus." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Geography and Geology, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2021-2-45-62.
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The problems of the formation of hazardous natural and man-made processes in industrial cities, contributing to the emergence of environmental risks, are presented. To date, an extensive literary material has been accumulated on this problem, concerning the causes of its occurrence, analysis of the patterns of development, and the possibilities of managing risks, including the environmental ones. It has been established that the list of reasons for the formation of risks in cities lacks one of the most important factors that we have discovered – the structure of urban landscapes, which are quite large objects of urban development. To identify the role of these objects in the formation of environmental risks, the cities of Orsha and Pinsk were selected. These cities were laid down almost simultaneously at the beginning of the 11th century, but they have a different history of development. Maps of urban landscapes of cities were compiled, geochemical studies of their soil cover were carried out, geochemical and thermal anomalies of the surface were revealed, the volumes of ecosystem services (carbon absorption) by green spaces were calculated. It was found that urban landscapes perform various functions in the system of environmental risks: some of them contribute to the development of hazardous processes, others – to mitigate them. So, soil pollution with heavy metals (with an excess of the content of Pb, Cr and Cu over the MPC by 1.2–5.6 times in Pinsk), the strongest heating of the surface (8–16 °C higher than the air temperature in Pinsk and Orsha) and low carbon deposition (100–500 t per year) are typical for urban landscapes of the historical center, urban landscapes with a predominance of industrial buildings, urban landscapes for complex residential multi-storey, public and industrial buildings. Urban landscapes, in the structure of which there are elements of landscape and recreational areas of public use (parks, forest parks, squares), as well as agricultural lands and water bodies, are characterised by a low content of heavy metals in soils (below the MPC in Pinsk, below the background in Orsha), low surface temperature (2–3 °C higher than the air temperature), high volume of carbon deposition (2.6–2.8 thsd t per year). An assessment of the probability of risks associated with the described processes was carried out, which helped to find out that they correspond to the categories of «acceptable» and «neglected», options for risk management were proposed.
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Balkas, I. T., F. Juhasz, U. Yetis, and G. Tuncel. "The Izmir Bay Wastewater Management Project – Economical Considerations." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 9-11 (November 1, 1992): 2613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0800.
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Izmir Bay is one of the great natural areas of the Mediterranean and compares well with similar coastal areas in the world. Izmir which is the main urban area around the Bay is an important industrial, commercial and cultural focal point. It has the second biggest harbour and is the third largest city in the country. The Izmir metropolitan area has experienced rapid population increase which placed an intense pressure on the environment of the bay, housing, infrastructure and social services. The main sources of pollution in the bay are domestic and industrial effluents which account for 50% of the observed organic pollution. Rivers discharging to the Izmir Bay carry mostly industrial discharges. The main forms of pollution in the Izmir Bay are organic pollution, nutrients, pathogenic organisms and toxic material carried by rivers. Scientific evidence suggests if no pollution control measures are taken immediately pollution in the Bay will soon reach a critical level leading to the collapse in the ecosystem. With this understanding Izmir Sewerage and Stream Control Project which foresees the reestablishment of the Bay's water quality was started in 1983. The preliminary assessment of the costs and benefits of the project suggests that the benefits of the proposed pollution control system could significantly outweigh the costs of the control measures by a factor of about eight.
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Zhang, Xufeng, Yanliang Liu, Akmaral Tleubergenova, Jin-Song Liu, Ru Fan, Yun-En Tang, and Xiang-Zhou Meng. "Evaluation of Urban Sustainability Based on Development Structures and Economic Aggregates: A Case Study of Jiaxing, China." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 27, 2022): 10683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710683.
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Urban sustainability is the comprehensive manifestation of development structures and economic aggregates. The current sustainable evaluation of cities from a single aspect cannot comprehensively reflect urban sustainable development. Based on emergy, this study constructs an assessment method of urban sustainability from development structures and economic aggregates. Jiaxing is the case study explored as the sustainable development model of cities in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of China. High sustainability of economic aggregates is found in Jiaxing, which is driven by the growth of green GDP. However, the urban development of Jiaxing primarily depends on the input of ecosystem resources, which hinders the sustainability of development structures within Jiaxing. These findings indicate that economic aggregates drive the development of Jiaxing and that the development structures within Jiaxing are unsustainable, resulting from the low sustainability of the natural subsystem and the economic subsystem. As such, it is proposed that industrial structures, development models, and management policies be adopted within cities in the YRD of China in order to promote sustainable development of cities in the YRD of China. This study, therefore, seeks to provide methodological guidance for urban sustainable evaluation.
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Kismelyeva, Symbat, Rustem Khalikhan, Aisulu Torezhan, Aiganym Kumisbek, Zhanel Akimzhanova, Ferhat Karaca, and Mert Guney. "Potential Human Exposure to Mercury (Hg) in a Chlor-Alkali Plant Impacted Zone: Risk Characterization Using Updated Site Assessment Data." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 13816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413816.
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Industrial activities have resulted in severe environmental contamination that may expose rural and urban populations to unacceptable health risks. For example, chlor-alkali plants (CAPs) have historically contributed mercury (Hg) contamination in different environmental compartments. One such site (a burden from the Soviet Union) is located in an industrial complex in Pavlodar, Kazakhstan. Earlier studies showed the CAP operating in the second half of the twentieth century caused elevated Hg levels in soil, water, air, and biota. However, follow-up studies with thorough risk characterization are missing. The present study aims to provide a detailed risk characterization based on the data from a recent site assessment around the former CAP. The ⅀HI (hazard index) ranged from 9.30 × 10−4 to 0.125 (deterministic method) and from 5.19 × 10−4 to 2.54 × 10−2 (probabilistic method). The results indicate acceptable excess human health risks from exposure to Hg contamination in the region, i.e., exposure to other Hg sources not considered. Air inhalation and soil ingestion pathways contributed to the highest ⅀HI values (up to 99.9% and 92.0%, respectively). The residential exposure scenario (among four) presented the greatest human health risks, with ⅀HI values ranging from 1.23 × 10−2 to 0.125. Although the local urban and rural population is exposed to acceptable risks coming from exposure to Hg-contaminated environmental media, an assessment of contamination directly on the former CAP site on the industrial complex could not be performed due to access prohibition. Furthermore, the risks from ingesting contaminated fish were not covered as methyl-Hg was not targeted. An additional assessment may be needed for the scenarios of exposure of workers on the industrial complex and of the local population consuming fish from contaminated Lake Balkyldak. Studies on the fate and transport of Hg in the contaminated ecosystem are also recommended considering Hg methylation and subsequent bioaccumulation in the food chain.
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Pristeri, Guglielmo, Francesca Peroni, Salvatore Eugenio Pappalardo, Daniele Codato, Anna Giulia Castaldo, Antonio Masi, and Massimo De Marchi. "Mapping and Assessing Soil Sealing in Padua Municipality through Biotope Area Factor Index." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 24, 2020): 5167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125167.
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Soil sealing is a worldwide phenomenon of covering of natural or seminatural soil with impervious surfaces, such as built-up or paved surfaces. It is widely recognized as a major environmental issue which drives landscape fragmentation and ecosystem services degradation and loss. Italy is one of European countries with the highest extent of soil sealing. The most affected area is northern Italy, especially the Po Valley with more than 12% of sealed surfaces. According to official data, Veneto Region and the city of Padua are seriously affected by this phenomenon. The Biotope Area Factor is a consolidated ecological urban index for mapping soil sealing, adopted in different European cities to support urban planning; it expresses the ratio of the ecologically effective surface area in relation to the total land area according to land cover classes. The general aim of this study is to map and to assess soil sealing in the whole municipal territory of Padua using the Biotope Area Factor (BAF) index. We tested and adopted a digital land cover map together with aerial images to perform a BAF analysis on the whole municipal territory of Padua. By using sample areas previously analyzed, we validated our source data by a double spatial validation process; therefore, soil sealing analysis was scaled-up to the municipality territory. Results show that in the city of Padua, the average BAF index value is 0.6; totally permeable surfaces (BAF = 1) cover 59.5%, whereas totally “sealed” surfaces (BAF = 0) are 40.3% of the municipal territory (93 km2). Most of the sealed soil is located in the east sector and in the historical core of the city, with BAF values ranging from 0 to 0.2. A particularly critical area is identified within the new industrial area of the city, which is strongly affected by soil sealing. BAF maps are useful tools to identify critical areas by geovisualizing surface permeability at a very detailed scale and by enabling further analyses for hydrogeological risk assessment and urban climate regulation. Moreover, the use of BAF maps at urban scale today represent an important tool for urban management, especially for policy makers who are planning mitigation and compensation measures to control soil sealing.
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Kaczorowska, Anna, and Meta Berghauser Pont. "Modelling Urban Environments to Promote Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity." International Journal of E-Planning Research 8, no. 3 (July 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2019070101.
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Urbanization effects on vegetation and the alteration in land use is likely to be the major driver of fragmentation and the loss of ecosystem services (ESS) and biodiversity. Understanding varying levels of biodiversity within cities is pivotal to protect ESS. However, due to the high complexity of urban systems, ecological connectivity assessment in urban planning remains challenging. This article evaluates policy documents and tools for ESS assessment in Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm is an interesting city for studying ESS planning and management since Sweden has a long tradition of formal policy for biodiversity management. An overview is presented of tools and approaches to measure ESS at different scale levels used in the urban planning process in Stockholm. Their application illustrates the complementary nature of these tools, but also the need to integrate them in a platform based on a GIS (Geographic Information System) model. Ultimately, the development of such an integrated tool should inform and support planning practice in guiding urban systems towards greater sustainability.
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Rasch, P. S., N. Ipsen, A. Malmgren-Hansen, and B. Mogensen. "Linking integrated water resources management and integrated coastal zone management." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 11 (June 1, 2005): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0409.
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Some of the world's most valuable aquatic ecosystems such as deltas, lagoons and estuaries are located in the coastal zone. However, the coastal zone and its aquatic ecosystems are in many places under environmental stress from human activities. About 50% of the human population lives within 200 km of the coastline, and the population density is increasing every day. In addition, the majority of urban centres are located in the coastal zone. It is commonly known that there are important linkages between the activities in the upstream river basins and the environment conditions in the downstream coastal zones. Changes in river flows, e.g. caused by irrigation, hydropower and water supply, have changed salinity in estuaries and lagoons. Land use changes, such as intensified agricultural activities and urban and industrial development, cause increasing loads of nutrients and a variety of chemicals resulting in considerable adverse impacts in the coastal zones. It is recognised that the solution to such problems calls for an integrated approach. Therefore, the terms Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) are increasingly in focus on the international agenda. Unfortunately, the concepts of IWRM and ICZM are mostly being developed independently from each other by separate management bodies using their own individual approaches and tools. The present paper describes how modelling tools can be used to link IWRM and ICZM. It draws a line from the traditional sectoral use of models for the Istanbul Master Planning and assessment of the water quality and ecological impact in the Bosphorus Strait and the Black Sea 10 years ago, to the most recent use of models in a Water Framework Directive (WFD) context for one of the selected Pilot River Basins in Denmark used for testing of the WFD Guidance Documents.
Book chapters on the topic "Ecosystem Assessment and Management of Urban and Industrial Environments"
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"Urban Ecosystem Health Assessment and Its Application in Management: A Multi-Scale Perspective." In Improving Urban Environments, 279–90. Apple Academic Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b20723-23.
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Nasri, Ahmed, Patricia Aïssa, Hamouda Beyrem, and Ezzeddine Mahmoudi. "New Approach for the Evaluation of Ecological Quality in the Mediterranean Coastal Ecosystems, Case Study of Bizerte Lagoon: Marine Nematodes Functional Traits Assessment." In Nematodes - Recent Advances, Management and New Perspectives. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98815.
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Marine ecosystems have great economic and ecological value, as they provide good services and habitats for a variety of organisms. However, the marine environment is under anthropogenic stressors. The Mediterranean basin is one of the most threatened ecosystems, where urban and industrial waste is becoming a growing risk for coastal marine habitats integrity. The Bizerte lagoon represents a major coastal lagoon and is an example of such an aquatic environment continuously exposed to pollutants. Marine nematodes are the most diverse metazoans and represent an excellent model for the environmental monitoring because they can be easily sampled and maintained under experimental conditions. Nematode communities are investigated for the analysis of taxonomic diversity and ecological indices. Currently, we present here to evaluate the ecological quality based on the description of nematode assemblages using biological traits and functional groups. This relatively new approach allows obtaining insight into the status of marine coastal ecosystems.
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Kaczorowska, Anna, and Meta Berghauser Pont. "Modelling Urban Environments to Promote Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity." In Research Anthology on Ecosystem Conservation and Preserving Biodiversity, 1584–97. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5678-1.ch076.
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Urbanization effects on vegetation and the alteration in land use is likely to be the major driver of fragmentation and the loss of ecosystem services (ESS) and biodiversity. Understanding varying levels of biodiversity within cities is pivotal to protect ESS. However, due to the high complexity of urban systems, ecological connectivity assessment in urban planning remains challenging. This article evaluates policy documents and tools for ESS assessment in Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm is an interesting city for studying ESS planning and management since Sweden has a long tradition of formal policy for biodiversity management. An overview is presented of tools and approaches to measure ESS at different scale levels used in the urban planning process in Stockholm. Their application illustrates the complementary nature of these tools, but also the need to integrate them in a platform based on a GIS (Geographic Information System) model. Ultimately, the development of such an integrated tool should inform and support planning practice in guiding urban systems towards greater sustainability.
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Qiu, Xiaomin, Dexuan Sha, and Xuelian Meng. "Optimal Methodology for Detecting Land Cover Change in a Forestry, Lakeside Environment Using NAIP Imagery." In Research Anthology on Ecosystem Conservation and Preserving Biodiversity, 617–40. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5678-1.ch032.
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Mapping land cover change is useful for various environmental and urban planning applications, e.g. land management, forest conservation, ecological assessment, transportation planning, and impervious surface control. As the optimal change detection approaches, algorithms, and parameters often depend on the phenomenon of interest and the remote sensing imagery used, the goal of this study is to find the optimal procedure for detecting urban growth in rural, forestry areas using one-meter, four-band NAIP images. Focusing on different types of impervious covers, the authors test the optimal segmentation parameters for object-based image analysis, and conclude that the random tree classifier, among the six classifiers compared, is most optimal for land use/cover change detection analysis with a satisfying overall accuracy of 87.7%. With continuous free coverage of NAIP images, the optimal change detection procedure concluded in this study is valuable for future analyses of urban growth change detection in rural, forestry environments.
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Batista, Antonio Carlos, and Daniela Biondi. "Evaluation of the flammability of forest species for fire management in wildland urban interface areas of Brazil." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 565–70. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_88.
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Classification of forest fuels according to their flammability is an essential component of fire risk assessment in the context of forest fire management planning. Surveys on the flammability of forest fuels are useful for fire management because they provide information on the reaction of individual fuels in heating a fire, make it possible to classify different plant species within an ecosystem in terms of fire hazard, and help with selection of suitable species to reduce the danger of fires in reforestation. The flammability characteristics of vegetation have been fundamental in recent methodologies for risk assessment of forest fires in several regions of the world. In addition, knowledge of how species differ in their flammability characteristics is necessary to draw up lists of recommended plants for urban and residential afforestation in wildland urban interface areas. In Brazil, there are no methodologies for classifying tree and shrub species according to the flammability characteristics of the vegetation. The choice of these species is made empirically, considering only the local experiences of vegetation specialists. This research aimed to consolidate in the country a methodology that has been adopted in several countries to characterize plant species according to the degree of flammability, facilitating the use of these species in protection activities against forest fires. The general objective of this research was to evaluate the flammability of native and exotic forest species from forest fragments and wildland urban interfaces (WUI) areas of Curitiba-PR and Gurupi-TO in Brazil, to support fire management planning in these environments. To achieve this objective, fifty-eight species were chosen from the fragment forests and wildland urban interfaces of Curitiba-PR and Gurupi-TO, Brazil, belonging to the southern and northern regions of Brazil, respectively, where forest activities are very important for the regional economy and to which fires cause significant damage. One of the analysis criteria for the selection of species were the morphological characteristics of the species. The selected species were submitted to flammability tests in the Forest Fire laboratories of the Federal University of Paraná and of the Environmental Monitoring and Fire Management Center (CEMAF) of the Federal University of Tocantins (Gurupi-TO), following the methodology proposed by Valette (1990) and Petriccione (2006). The results indicated that of the analysed species, 19% had low flammability (IF = 0), and therefore, have potential for use in fire prevention activities at the wildland urban interfaces areas of the cities of Curitiba and Gurupi.
Conference papers on the topic "Ecosystem Assessment and Management of Urban and Industrial Environments"
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Benshak, Alice Bernard. "An Assessment of the Approaches of Construction and Demolition Waste in Jos, Plateau State of Nigeria." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/sebh6010.
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The continuous rise in population, urbanization and expansion of cities has triggered a corresponding increase in construction and demolition activity. The frequent collapse of buildings attributed to poor structural design, building decay, and/or use of substandard materials has generated a substantial increase in construction refuse, also referred to as Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste. This waste stream originates from residential, commercial, agricultural, institutional and industrial building projects for new builds, reconstruction, expansion, and refurbishments/rehabilitation. Most studies in Nigeria have generally focused on solid waste management without considering the uniqueness of C&D and giving it the attention needed, in order to achieve sustainable urban spaces that are highly functional, safe, convenient, and livable. This study seeks to investigate the different approaches and processes of C&D waste management in the City of Jos, in the Plateau State of Nigeria. The mix method was adopted for this research whereby quantitative and qualitative data was collected through a structured questionnaire for construction enterprises, as well as face-to-face interviews with the agencies responsible for waste management in the city. A total of 21 construction companies (representing about 10%) were randomly selected for questionnaire administration while interviews were conducted with the Plateau Environmental Protection and Sanitation Agency (PEPSA) and the Jos Metropolitan Development Board (JMDB) who are responsible for waste management. Investigations revealed that C&D waste consists of heavy and non-degradable materials such as: sheet metal roofing, sand, gravel, concrete, masonry, metal, and wood to mention only a few. The construction companies are solely responsible for: the collection, storage, transportation and disposal of wastes generated from their activities. Approximately 60-70% of the C&D waste materials are either reused, recycled or resold, while the remaining residual waste is indiscriminately disposed. Although the PEPSA and JMDB are responsible for waste management, their focus has been on establishing solid non-hazardous waste infrastructure systems, policies and plans. The absence of records of the quantity of C&D waste generated, the lack of financial data, and the omission of policies and plans for the C&D waste stream has resulted in a missed opportunity for a comprehensive and sustainable waste management strategy for the City and the state. To protect public health, valuable resources, and natural ecosystems, it is recommended that the C&D waste stream be included as part of the state’s waste management program, in consideration of the growing construction and demolition activity, by including C&D policies and guidelines.
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Roy, S., D. Pujari, and M. Saraswat. "ASSESSMENT OF URBAN ECOSYSTEMS: A STRUCTURED APPROACH TOWARDS BUILDING RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN INDIAN TOWNS AND CITIES." In The 5th International Conference on Climate Change 2021 – (ICCC 2021). The International Institute of Knowledge Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/2513258x.2021.5103.
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The fast-urbanizing Indian cities are grappling with rising ecological challenges. Pollution, water insecurity, urban heat, and flooding have increased the vulnerability of the urban population. There is a need to look at urban settlements as a functioning natural ecosystem delineated by administrative boundaries and to evaluate their health regularly through a comprehensive, easy to adopt, structured approach. This study aims to track and evaluate the ecosystem health of three different categories of urban settlements: a group of metropolitan wards, a growing peripheral city, and an emerging town, through adaption of Pressure- State-Response (PSR) framework developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)’. The methodology includes indices-driven change detection of ecosystem components and pressure points on the same, by using spatial and non-spatial data, developing an impact matrix, and prioritized eco plans for action. Increasing built-up surfaces in the peripheral city (11%) and the metropolitan wards (23%) show increased pressure on their ecosystem in the form of reducing pervious surfaces. Increasing water turbidity, land surface temperatures, and aerosol content in the air depict pressure hotspots requiring mitigative, restorative, and preventive action. A significant decrease observed in heavy vegetation in the metropolitan wards (58% in the last 5 years) and an increase in industrial activities and aerosol is observed in conjunction with increasing air temperatures and this points towards an impending change in its livability index due to anthropogenic pressures and climate change. The study concludes that a structured approach can aid in agile and sustainable management of our towns and cities and nature-based solutions provide an opportunity to restore the ecosystem balance. Keywords: Urban Assessment Nature-based solutions, Ecosystem Health, Urban Ecosystem, Urban management
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Gedge, Graham, Emily Walport, and Bruna Frydman. "Corrosion risk assessment for structures using BS EN ISO 9223 (2012) and BS EN ISO 9224 (2012)." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0439.
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<p>Corrosion in service environments limits the durability of many metals. Historically, assessment of that risk adopted a qualitative approach based on generic descriptors such as rural, urban, industrial or coastal environments. These terms are ill-defined and open to interpretation. BS EN ISO 9223 (2012) provides three methods to evaluate risk for several different metals including structural steel and zinc. Two of the methods are quantitative whilst the third remains qualitative. The qualitative method is the most commonly used in engineering because the quantitative methods require data collection over a minimum period of 12 months. This paper provides a methodology to improve risk assessment by use of the quantitative method in BS EN ISO 9223 (2012) to estimate the first-year corrosion rate using historic data sets. Long-term corrosion loss estimation uses the equations in BS EN ISO 9224 (2012).</p>