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1
Withers, Matthew Anthony. "Remittance Economy: Migration-Underdevelopment in Sri Lanka." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16469.
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Sri Lanka's integration at the lower tiers of a (re)globalising world economy has entailed the mass migration of low-skilled and domestic workers employed as temporary contract labour throughout the oil-economies of West Asia. Foreign employment of this kind began after neoliberal economic restructuring in 1977 and, by facilitating remittance transfers, has since become a dominant livelihood strategy for households and the largest source of export earnings for the economy. Dominant policy-level assumptions of a mutually-beneficial ‘triple win’ between migrants and their countries of origin and destination posit temporary labour migration will produce positive economic outcomes for all involved. Yet while labour-receiving economies clearly benefit from exploiting reserve armies of labour and care, the developmental implications of remittance transfers for migrant households and sending economies remain empirically ambiguous and relatively under-theorised. Employing a multiscalar analysis of migration outcomes – spanning individual households, local communities, the macro-economy and global patterns of capital accumulation – this thesis demonstrates how cumulatively causative processes at structural, institutional and agency levels have left Sri Lanka a precariously uneven and remittance-dependent economy. Sri Lanka’s dilemma hinges on a central contradiction: uneven development has forced marginalised populations into foreign employment, only for their remittances to maintain the model of development they themselves are excluded from. The dualistic nature of remittance capital, as both an individual income transfer and an aggregate foreign exchange inflow, is fundamental to this dynamic. Fieldwork findings from over 100 interviews with migrant returnees suggest that a combination of rigid economic geography, exploitative recruitment networks and the social importance of status consumption have resulted in few lasting benefits from foreign employment. Most migrants achieved subsistence rather than ‘success’, while those from more disadvantaged communities often return indebted. Whilst remittance transfers have generally produced one-off or transient benefits for migrant households, their aggregated inflows have cushioned Sri Lanka’s trade deficit and buoyed the rupee to underwrite international loans that sustain uneven development by financing large infrastructural projects orientated explicitly to capital and the urban economy. Although evoking the pretence of stability, Sri Lanka’s remittance-driven development has complex implications for trade and production, to the effect of undermining domestic industry and limiting local spillovers from remittance consumption. With increasing remittance inflows needed to buffer a widening current account deficit and maintain macroeconomic stability, Sri Lanka has become entwined in an unsustainable and seemingly intractable path dependence on temporary labour migration as a substitute for substantive economic development.
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Ravinthirakumaran, Kalaichelvi. "Essays on the Impact of FDI on the Sri Lankan Economy." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367061.
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Sri Lanka is a developing country that is currently on the recovery path from 30 years of civil war. With the conclusion of hostilities in 2009, one of the main priorities of the Sri Lankan government has been to focus on major infrastructure improvements to boost its economic development. It has huge external debt stocks and low gross domestic savings. Sri Lanka considers attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows as one of the strategies for sourcing funding for its major infrastructure projects, as it has been an important source of external financing for Sri Lanka since the introduction of the open economic policy in 1977. Therefore, understanding the role of FDI in the Sri Lankan economy is crucial for academic researchers and policy makers in the government and private sectors.
A review of previous research studies on FDI in Sri Lanka clearly shows that there is a lack of knowledge relating to FDI and its effects on the Sri Lankan economy. Therefore, the main focus of the thesis is to examine the impact of FDI on the Sri Lankan economy as a whole, as well as on the individual sectors of the Sri Lankan economy.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Kumara, G. A. Kumudu Kusum. "Growth without capitalism : agrarian change in the peasant economy of Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30828.
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This study examines the impact of capital on the small peasant economy of Sri Lanka which has been dominated by paddy cultivation, the consequent processes of agrarian change in the peasant society and the impact of these changes on the lives of the peasantry. The persistence of peasant agriculture throughout the developing world has posed a challenge to classical theories of the development of capitalism in agriculture which considered peasant production or Simple Commodity Production as a transitional phenomenon doomed to disappear. Recent interpretations of theories on Simple Commodity Production however, argue that peasant forms of production can and likely will survive within capitalist social formations, and therefore the analysis of the dynamics of agrarian change has to focus on historically specific situations. Pursuing the latter view, this study identifies the role of the State, class structure, and the role of agro-ecological imperatives as key factors influencing agrarian change in Sri Lanka. While existing agrarian relations in the peasant sector have not become a barrier to the growth of productive forces in the peasant economy, this growth has not necessarily led to the disintegration of the peasantry, despite a certain amount of differentiation among them. While the dynamism manifested in the emergence of a small stratum of rich peasants and rural entrepreneurs may indicate the possibility of capitalist development in the peasant sector in some areas of the country, the overall situation within the peasant economy indicates the possibility of paddy agriculture reaching its advanced stages within the form of peasant production itself. In the event of such a possibility, it is the problem of underemployed labour in the peasant sector which will become the agrarian question of Sri Lanka.Arts, Faculty of
Sociology, Department of
Graduate
4
Liyanaarachchi, Tilak Susantha. "Trade Liberalisation and Poverty in Sri Lanka: A Computable General Equilibrium Micro-Macro Analysis." Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/368152.
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Economic theory suggests that removing trade barriers increases economic growth and reduces poverty in developing countries. Mixed empirical evidence has made the trade — poverty linkage a controversial topic as there is still no guarantee that trade liberalisation will benefit the poor. Since the effects of trade on the poor are indirect, the empirical analysis of this relationship has become a complex task. Trade reform is observed at the macro level while income distribution and poverty issues are observed and analysed at the micro level. A general equilibrium model based Input-Output or Social Accounting Matrix or a microeconomic model based on household survey data alone is therefore not able to fill this micro-macro gap. In order to examine the impact of trade liberalisation on poverty and income inequality within a developing country context, this study develops a macro-micro framework to fill this gap by linking computable general equilibrium (CGE) and microsimulation models in top-down mode for the Sri Lankan economy. While the CGE model analyses the effects of trade liberalisation, the microsimulation model analyses the impact on poverty at the household level.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Ganeshamoorthy, Murugesu. "The political economy of trade liberalization in developing countries : the Sri Lanka case /." Saarbrücken : Verl. für Entwicklungspolitik Saarbrücken, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39037302f.
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Eriksson, Gabriella, and Sofia Rudell. "Branding Sri Lanka : A case study." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-28605.
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This bachelor thesis is conducted as a Minor Field Study (MFS) in Sri Lanka, funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). The tourism industry have become a key factor for economic growth in several developing countries. A section of branding which refers to branding of a whole country is place branding. Place branding is seen as a complex process which involves multiple parts of the country. In order to ease for brand managers and to develop the theory of place branding, Hanna and Rowley (2011) have developed a new model of place branding. The model is named the Strategic place brand management model (SPBM- model) and consists of components which are argued to be essential parts in the process of branding a place. Developing countries have a need for place branding practices in order to create economic growth. The SPBM-model could therefore be a useful contribution to the research field of place branding in developing countries. The research questions of this research was therefore firstly to see how Sri Lanka work with the components in the SPBM-model, and second to find out which components in the SPBM-model that can be seen as important based on Sri Lankan conditions. This to answer the purpose of this thesis: explore how the SPBM-model can be applied on the process of branding Sri Lanka. The study was made through a case study of the developing country of Sri Lanka. In order to gain data, seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with officials working with branding Sri Lanka as a tourism destination. By putting the SPBM-model on the Sri Lankan place branding process it can be interpreted that all components are tightly connected to each other, and some parts seems to be more important for Sri Lanka then others. If Sri Lanka put more time and effort in the three components of infrastructure, stakeholders and evaluation, also the other six components of the SPBM-model (identity, brand experience, WOM, architecture, communication andarticulation) indirect will be affected in a positive way.
7
Gunasekera, Arosha Indika. "Achieving rural development in Sri Lanka through a systematic model : microfinance and women's empowerment." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708366.
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Kelegama, Saman. "The consequences of economic liberalization in Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306729.
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Nallainayagam, Vettivelu. "Economic development and income distribution : the experience of Sri Lanka, 1953-1978." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72820.
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Jayarathna, Kotte Hevage Eranga Hirosh. "Technical and Economic Impacts of the First Coal-fired Power Station in Sri Lanka." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19346.
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The first coal-fired power plant in Sri Lanka was successfully connected to the national grid in year 2011. The proposal of implementing coal-fired power plants in Sri Lanka has been appearing in power sector master plans since year 1985. It was delayed for many years, mainly due to public protests and indecision of the political leadership of the country. This research analyzes the social and economic barriers faced during the implementation stage. Operation of the plant in terms of system inertia, reliability and stability is discussed. This is the single largest power sector investment in Sri Lanka and returns on the investment were analyzed in this study. As this is the first coal-fired power plant in Sri Lanka, success of this project will create the platform for the public acceptance of future coal-fired power plants. There were some technical failures during the initial years of operation of the plant, and now it records a higher reliability. Furthermore, it is important to summarize the lessons learnt after implementing this project. Future plans of the utility, energy policy of the country and the political agenda of a country should reflect the experience with this project. This is a good example that teaches the lesson; projects which require to be implemented in the national interest should not be postponed or cancelled due to the protest by small groups of people perceived to be affected by the project. It is highlighted that system stability is improved in many cases due to the increase of power system inertia, to which this power plant makes the largest contribution. System inertia is improved in six out of nine scenarios, which were analyzed in this study. Economic benefits gained by the power plant were examined and the study proves that this power plant will have a significant positive effect on the national economy. Loss incurred delaying the project was calculated and it proves the importance of this project.
11
Southwold, S. L. "Sri Lankan traders : A case study of credit relations and coconut marketing in a rural economy." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383478.
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Korf, Benedikt. "Conflict, space and institutions : property rights and the political economy of war in Sri Lanka /." Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013221856&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Paudel, Ramesh Chandra. "Financial liberalisation in Sri Lanka an econometric analysis /." Access electronically, 2007. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20080124.115257/index.html.
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Aponsu, Goniya Malamage Indrajith. "The effects and constraints of state influenced finance sector development in the process of industrialization and economic growth : the experience of Sri Lanka /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21254011.
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Senaka-Arachchi, Ranbandara. "The problems of second generation settlers in land settlement schemes : the case of Sri Lanka /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs4746.pdf.
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Wijerathna, W. M. Deeptha Bandara. "Place-Based versus Place-Neutral Policies for Promoting Regionally Balanced Economic Growth: A Sri Lankan Case using CGE based Simulations." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367156.
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Development thinking has evolved over the time, and the role of space in economic growth and regional equity in economic development has become increasingly emphasized. While some reports, such as World Bank (2009), suggest resolution of the spatial problem by redistributing a part of the income generated in urbanized and agglomerated areas, some other reports and authors such as Barca (2012) have highlighted the importance of place-based policies for this purpose. The post 2015 development agenda of the United Nations also highlights the issue of regional equity. According to the literature on the economics of conflict, regional disparities in economic development can be one of the root causes for many conflicts -- while these conflicts can in turn contribute to further widening of those disparities. Sri Lanka is not an exception in this regard. Although regionally balanced economic growth is accepted as contributing to a cure for both problems, thus far rigorous quantitative studies analysing appropriate policy measures for reducing regional disparities whilst maintaining steady economic growth at the national level are lacking. Selection and implementation of an appropriate analytical tool to carry out such an analysis is another gap in the literature.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Naranpanawa, Athula Kithsiri Bandara, and n/a. "Trade Liberalisation and Poverty in a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model: The Sri Lankan Case." Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070130.165943.
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Many trade and development economists, policy makers and policy analysts around the world believe that globalisation promotes growth and reduces poverty. There exists a large body of theoretical and empirical literature on how trade liberalisation helps to promote growth and reduce poverty. However, critics of globalisation argue that, in developing countries, integration into the world economy makes the poor poorer and the rich richer. The most common criticism of globalisation is that it increases poverty and inequality. Much of the research related to the link between openness, growth and poverty has been based on cross-country regressions. Dollar and Kraay (2000; 2001), using regression analysis, argue that growth is pro poor. Moreover, their study suggests that growth does not affect distribution and poor as well as rich could benefit from it. Later, they demonstrate that openness to international trade stimulates rapid growth, thus linking trade liberalisation with improvements in wellbeing of the poor. Several other cross-country studies demonstrate a positive relationship between trade openness and economic growth (see for example Dollar, 1992; Sach and Warner, 1995 and Edward, 1998). In contrast, Rodriguez and Rodrik (2001) question the measurements related to trade openness in economic models, and suggest that generalisations cannot be made regarding the relationship between trade openness and growth. Several other studies also criticise the pro poor growth argument based upon the claim of weak econometrics and place more focus on the distributional aspect (see, for example, Rodrik, 2000). Ultimately, openness and growth have therefore become an empirical matter, and so has the relationship between trade and poverty. These weaknesses of cross-country studies have led to a need to provide evidence from case studies. Systematic case studies related to individual countries will at least complement cross-country studies such as that of Dollar and Kraay. As Chen and Ravallion (2004, p.30) argue, 'aggregate inequality or poverty may not change with trade reform even though there are gainers and losers at all levels of living'. They further argue that policy analysis which simply averages across diversities may miss important matters that are critical to the policy debate. In this study, Sri Lanka is used as a case study and a computable general equilibrium (CGE) approach is adopted as an analytical framework. Sri Lanka was selected as an interesting case in point to investigate this linkage for the following reasons: although Sri Lanka was the first country in the South Asian region to liberalise its trade substantially in the late seventies, it still experiences an incidence of poverty of a sizeable proportion that cannot be totally attributed to the long-standing civil conflict. Moreover, trade poverty linkage within the Sri Lankan context has hardly received any attention, while multi-sectoral general equilibrium poverty analysis within the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) based CGE model has never been attempted. In order to examine the link between globalisation and poverty, a poverty focussed CGE model for the Sri Lankan economy has been developed in this study. As a requirement for the development of such a model, a SAM of the Sri Lankan economy for the year 1995 has been constructed. Moreover, in order to estimate the intra group income distribution in addition to the inter group income distribution, income distribution functional forms for different household groups have been empirically estimated and linked to the CGE model in 'top down' mode: this will compute a wide range of household level poverty and inequality measurements. This is a significant departure from the traditional representative agent hypothesis used to specifying household income distributions. Furthermore, as the general equilibrium framework permits endogenised prices, an attempt was made to endogenise the change in money metric poverty line within the CGE model. Finally, a set of simulation experiments was conducted to identify the impacts of trade liberalisation in manufacturing and agricultural industries on absolute and relative poverty at household level. The results show that, in the short run, trade liberalisation of manufacturing industries increases economic growth and reduces absolute poverty in low-income household groups. However, it is observed that the potential benefits accruing to the rural low-income group are relatively low compared to other two low-income groups. Reduction in the flow of government transfers to households following the loss of tariff revenue may be blamed for this trend. In contrast, long run results indicate that trade liberalisation reduces absolute poverty in substantial proportion in all groups. It further reveals that, in the long run, liberalisation of the manufacturing industries is more pro poor than that of the agricultural industries. Overall simulation results suggest that trade reforms may widen the income gap between the rich and the poor, thus promoting relative poverty. This may warrant active interventions with respect to poverty alleviation activities following trade policy reforms.
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Naranpanawa, Athula. "Trade Liberalisation and Poverty in a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model: The Sri Lankan Case." Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366815.
Full textAbstract:
Many trade and development economists, policy makers and policy analysts around the world believe that globalisation promotes growth and reduces poverty. There exists a large body of theoretical and empirical literature on how trade liberalisation helps to promote growth and reduce poverty. However, critics of globalisation argue that, in developing countries, integration into the world economy makes the poor poorer and the rich richer. The most common criticism of globalisation is that it increases poverty and inequality. Much of the research related to the link between openness, growth and poverty has been based on cross-country regressions. Dollar and Kraay (2000; 2001), using regression analysis, argue that growth is pro poor. Moreover, their study suggests that growth does not affect distribution and poor as well as rich could benefit from it. Later, they demonstrate that openness to international trade stimulates rapid growth, thus linking trade liberalisation with improvements in wellbeing of the poor. Several other cross-country studies demonstrate a positive relationship between trade openness and economic growth (see for example Dollar, 1992; Sach and Warner, 1995 and Edward, 1998). In contrast, Rodriguez and Rodrik (2001) question the measurements related to trade openness in economic models, and suggest that generalisations cannot be made regarding the relationship between trade openness and growth. Several other studies also criticise the pro poor growth argument based upon the claim of weak econometrics and place more focus on the distributional aspect (see, for example, Rodrik, 2000). Ultimately, openness and growth have therefore become an empirical matter, and so has the relationship between trade and poverty. These weaknesses of cross-country studies have led to a need to provide evidence from case studies. Systematic case studies related to individual countries will at least complement cross-country studies such as that of Dollar and Kraay. As Chen and Ravallion (2004, p.30) argue, 'aggregate inequality or poverty may not change with trade reform even though there are gainers and losers at all levels of living'. They further argue that policy analysis which simply averages across diversities may miss important matters that are critical to the policy debate. In this study, Sri Lanka is used as a case study and a computable general equilibrium (CGE) approach is adopted as an analytical framework. Sri Lanka was selected as an interesting case in point to investigate this linkage for the following reasons: although Sri Lanka was the first country in the South Asian region to liberalise its trade substantially in the late seventies, it still experiences an incidence of poverty of a sizeable proportion that cannot be totally attributed to the long-standing civil conflict. Moreover, trade poverty linkage within the Sri Lankan context has hardly received any attention, while multi-sectoral general equilibrium poverty analysis within the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) based CGE model has never been attempted. In order to examine the link between globalisation and poverty, a poverty focussed CGE model for the Sri Lankan economy has been developed in this study. As a requirement for the development of such a model, a SAM of the Sri Lankan economy for the year 1995 has been constructed. Moreover, in order to estimate the intra group income distribution in addition to the inter group income distribution, income distribution functional forms for different household groups have been empirically estimated and linked to the CGE model in 'top down' mode: this will compute a wide range of household level poverty and inequality measurements. This is a significant departure from the traditional representative agent hypothesis used to specifying household income distributions. Furthermore, as the general equilibrium framework permits endogenised prices, an attempt was made to endogenise the change in money metric poverty line within the CGE model. Finally, a set of simulation experiments was conducted to identify the impacts of trade liberalisation in manufacturing and agricultural industries on absolute and relative poverty at household level. The results show that, in the short run, trade liberalisation of manufacturing industries increases economic growth and reduces absolute poverty in low-income household groups. However, it is observed that the potential benefits accruing to the rural low-income group are relatively low compared to other two low-income groups. Reduction in the flow of government transfers to households following the loss of tariff revenue may be blamed for this trend. In contrast, long run results indicate that trade liberalisation reduces absolute poverty in substantial proportion in all groups. It further reveals that, in the long run, liberalisation of the manufacturing industries is more pro poor than that of the agricultural industries. Overall simulation results suggest that trade reforms may widen the income gap between the rich and the poor, thus promoting relative poverty. This may warrant active interventions with respect to poverty alleviation activities following trade policy reforms.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Balasuriya, Gunawardana. "An economic analysis of farm household pluriactivity in Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU116445.
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Experience in Sri Lanka has shown that agricultural development alone is not capable of significantly improving farm family welfare. Studies conducted elsewhere have shown that when farm households members were pluriactive, they were generally able to enhance their well-being. The objectives of this study are to examine the factors that determine the decisions of farm operators and their wives to be pluriactive in Sri Lanka and assess the effects of farm household pluriactivity on technical efficiency of farming. Off-farm labour supply decisions of farm operators and their wives were explained theoretically, using household production theory. Data collected from 240 farm households, randomly selected from four villagers, were used to test the models. First, determinants of pluriactivity of farm operators and their wives were estimated separately for farm operators and their wives, using both a logit model and a probit model. Second, a bivariate probit model was used to estimate the determinants of pluriactivity of farm operators and their wives together, considering simultaneity of their decisions. Individual, farm and household characteristics influenced mainly farm operators decisions to be pluriactive, whereas individual, household and locational characteristics were more important for wives' decisions. Income from pluriactivity was a major contributor to the well-being of most farm households. However, pluriactive income appears to increase income inequality among farm households. The impact of pluriactivity on technical efficiency of farming was examined by estimating the farm-level technical efficiency of rice production, using the frontier production function technique and then using ANOVA. A positive association was observed between the technical efficiency of rice production and pluriactivity of farm households. Pluriactivity can be seen as a major contributor to household well-being and future strategies to alleviate poverty in rural areas must recognise the potential gains arising from increasing pluriactivity.
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Korf, Benedikt [Verfasser]. "Conflict, Space and Institutions : Property Rights and the Political Economy of War in Sri Lanka / Benedikt Korf." Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1172616086/34.
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Wijesinghe, Nadeera. "Rural Electrification - Sri Lanka: A Case study & Scenario Analysis." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17571.
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“Rural electrification” is a key element in the global energy development agenda. While being a developing country, Sri Lanka is enroot to achieve 100% of electrification at present. After the civil war ended in 2009 which lasted for more than 25 years, there has been much focus to fulfill the energy needs of the country. But the studies carried out to assess the impact of electrification are very much limited. This study focuses on meeting the gap of carrying out a scenario analysis of rural electrification and assessing the socio economic impact of electrification. The major focus has been given to see how energy system of a newly electrified village will vary over time. The research intends to identify how far the strategies used to implement a policy is realistic in the real world. Also the research extends to apply the proposed strategies to the energy model and analyze the behavior of the model. During the study a survey was carried out in a rural village in southern part of Sri Lanka and the data obtained were used to model the energy system of the village using a software called - LEAP (Long Range Energy Alternative Planning System). The energy system is simulated under different scenarios to analyze if certain strategies in the policy have been implemented in the village. Two scenarios were energy efficient lighting and energy efficient cooking stoves. A total energy balance has been carried out for the target sample with an analysis of global warming potential of the activities of the target family. The total energy consumption variation with the electrification and the percentage of energy consumed as electricity over time has been analyzed. Further the socio economic impacts of electrification have been studied. The impact of agricultural usage and economic productivity with electricity has been studied. The qualitative measures like attitude changes, modernization & technology adaptation were addressed to the extent possible.
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Shaw, Judith 1957. "No magic bullet : microenterprise credit and income poverty in Sri Lanka." Monash University, Dept. of Politics, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9168.
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Gamage, Asanka Hiroshana Horadugoda. "E-business impact on SCM in the apparel industry operating between a developing and a developed economy." Thesis, Bucks New University, 2007. http://bucks.collections.crest.ac.uk/9916/.
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This thesis examines the impact of e-Business in the B2B segment of the Supply Chain between UK retailers and Sri Lankan manufacturers in the apparel sector. The literature review explored four interrelated themes, two of them informed by an exploratory study. Research collating these four themes is scarce, especially in the apparel sector although there is considerable research on supply chain management and information sharing, which adopts a quantitative approach. However, there is a relative lack of qualitative research into behavioural issues. Based on the literature review, 12 main research questions were formulated. Following a qualitative, approach respondents in five Sri Lankan apparel manufacturers were interviewed in an explanatory study comprised of 35 interviews. An innate analytical framework consisting of themes, attributes and categories (TAC) was developed for data analysis. A conceptual model incorporating three category combinations was developed, disclosing internal, external and holistic reasons for ICT implementation. Analysis of the findings suggests that, more than speed of delivery, visibility of information is the main benefit facilitated by new ICT, compared with traditional methods. The findings indicate that security is the main concern and the main barrier is remote plant location for conducting e-Business. The data indicate that 80 per cent of investigated companies do not have an appropriate level of ICT capability. Moreover, a manufacturer’s communication capability and information sharing are mainly decided by the dependency on the lead firm. Manufacturers that deal with multiple lead firms experience compatibility problems due to the lack of a hybrid system. Manufacturers also need to set realistic expectations for a communication system and employee motivation should be included in the evaluation criteria. In conclusion, building a few longer-term relationships, including an information sharing policy is considered crucial for achieving the true potential of e-Business.
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Herath, Subhangi Madhavika Kamalalochana. "Economic liberalization and the changing role of Sinhalese women in Sri Lanka." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21355.pdf.
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Bandara, Yapa M. W. Yaparatne. "Trade liberalisation and the productivity imperative in manufacturing industries of Sri Lanka /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17617.pdf.
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Herath, Shanaka. "The Size of the Government and Economic Growth. An Empirical Study of Sri Lanka." Institut für Regional- und Umweltwirtschaft, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2009. http://epub.wu.ac.at/516/1/document.pdf.
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Alestad, Linda, and Catrine Bergqvist. "A natural economic experiment : An analysis of the macroeconomic consequenses of the Indian Ocean tsunami in Sri Lanka." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7024.
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In this thesis we analyze the macroeconomic impact of the tsunami in 2004 on the Sri Lankan economy. The theoretical framework we use, the Australian model of a developing economy, gives direct or indirect predictions for the development of a number of variables after a natural disaster. In our case, we believe that the main reason for developments of the output variables and the exchange rate is the extraordinary large and rapid inflow of foreign aid money. In summary, we find the overall impact of the tsunami on the Sri Lankan economy to be minor.
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Agalewatte, Tikiri Bandara. "Competitive industry policy for economic development in Sri Lanka lessons from East Asia /." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050111.134706/index.html.
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Hagmar, Hannes. "A feasibility study of Increasing Small Scale Solar Power in Sri Lanka." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för data- och elektroteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-6575.
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The following report is conducted as a feasibility study, aimed to objectively uncover the advantages and challenges of increasing the amount of small scale solar power in Sri Lanka. The demand for electricity in Sri Lanka has been steadily increasing the last few years and there is an urgent need to find new ways of generating electricity. To not further increase the already high dependency of foreign oil and to decrease the impact on the environment, a transition from traditional combustion of fossil fuel to new renewable energy is required. The report shows that there exists substantial potential for generating solar energy in Sri Lanka. Calculations show that an investment in a photovoltaic system can be economically favourable and that the investment often is paid back within a few years. Current regulations and electricity pricing increases the economic incitement for high electricity consumers to invest in small scale solar power. Furthermore, the report demonstrates that there are likely no technical obstacles of increasing small scale solar power at this period. In contrary, the report shows that small scale solar power in general decreases line losses, voltage drops, and the peak demand of electricity. At present, it is probably not the lack of economic incitement but rather socio-economic factors that limit the development of small scale solar power. Sri Lanka is still a relatively poor country and the long years of civil war have prevented development and wealth. Lack of funds and a high ratio of low-income earners are probably the main reason for the slow development
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Ekanayake, Ekanayake Mudiyanselage. "The imapcts of trade policy reforms on the Sri Lankan economy." FIU Digital Commons, 1996. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3123.
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This dissertation presents an analysis of the impacts of trade policy reforms in Sri Lanka. A Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model is constructed with detailed description of the domestic production structure and foreign trade. The model is then used to investigate the effects of trade policy reforms on resource allocation and welfare.
Prior to 1977, Sri Lanka maintained stringent control over its imports through rigid quantitative restrictions. A new economic policy reform package was introduced in 1977, and it shifted Sri Lanka's development strategy toward an export oriented policy regime. The shift of policy focus from a restrictive trade regime toward a more open trade regime is expected to have a significant impact on the volume of external trade, domestic production structure, allocation of resources, and social welfare.
Simulations are carried out to assess the effects of three major policy reforms: (1) a devaluation of the Sri Lanka rupee, (2) a partial or a complete elimination of export duties, and (3) a devaluation-cum-removal of export duties.
Simulation results indicate that the macroeconomic impact of a devaluation-cum-removal of export duties can be substantial. They also suggest that the resource-pull effects of a devaluation and a devaluation-cum-export duty removal policy are significant. However, the model shows that a devaluation combined with an export duty reduction is likely to be a superior strategy.
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Wanigasinghe, Lakshila. "Consequences of Terrorism: The Effects of Terrorism on Education in Sri Lanka." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2537.
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This study aims to analyze the impact of terrorism on the educational sector of Sri Lanka. We focus our attention on Eelam War IV, the final phase of the 26-yearlong Sri Lankan conflict and the period of peace (period under the Norwegian government mediated ceasefire agreement) prior to it. We use data from the 2012 National Population and Housing Census and war related fatality counts from the South Asia Terrorism Portal to divide the island’s 9 provinces into high and low war intensity provinces in order to analyze the impact of terrorism on the educational attainment of individuals residing in each of these provinces during the two periods; peace and war. We use an Ordinary Least Squares Model to estimate the average years of schooling and a Logit Model to estimate the levels of individual grade completion. Our results find that the conflict did not have a diminishing impact on education, in fact educational outcomes for individual grade completion increased during the conflict period in areas deemed highly intense.
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Samararatne, Thilak. "Exchange rate policy options for Sri Lanka in the context of financial integration." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2009. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1857.
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Global financial integration, which took a U turn following the Second World War and experienced a rapid growth since the 1970s has been one of the most important developments in international economic relations in the recent past. The integration of capital, goods, and labour markets across national borders brings about benefits as well challenges. The recent experience in the South East Asian countries vividly exemplifies the possible implications of financial globalisation. Foreign capital inflows into these countries not only supplemented domestic saving but also provided a ready market for finished products and diffused technological innovations that led to substantial improvement in well-being of nations. The financial crisis in 1997 /98 however devastated most of these economies that had some important ramifications on social and political fronts as well. Even though the debate has been far from conclusive as to the fundamental causes for the crisis, it aptly shows the challenges faced by the countries that have financially integrated.
As "impossible trinity" shows financial integration, monetary policy, and exchange rate policy are interrelated issues. Accordingly, with increasing financial globalisation countries should opt for either exchange rate flexibility or fixity. Following the Asian financial crisis a new twist was added into these policy prescriptions due to the advancement of what is known as the "hollowing out the middle hypothesis" according to which financial globalisation had made the intermediate exchange rate incompatible and therefore countries should move to either fixed or flexible corners. This re-ignited the age-old debate on the choice of appropriate exchange rate policy. Sri Lanka since 1977 has been cautiously moving towards a market economy. Current account convertibility was achieved by the mid-1990s. Even though there are still some restrictions especially on hot money flows, capital account also has been progressively liberalised. The exchange rate policy by 2001 evolved to an officially declared free float. The transition to freely floating was done as a crisis preventive measure despite the fact that the exchange rate policy movement had been towards the flexible corner. In this situation the obvious concern over the appropriateness of a freely floating regime to Sri Lanka motivated this research. Thus the main objective of this thesis is to analyse the appropriate foreign exchange regime for Sri Lanka given the prevailing economic conditions and the overall economic objectives and strategies.
Two analytical procedures were used in this thesis in analysing the appropriate exchange rate regime. First, the past performance of various exchange rate policies that have been followed was evaluated based on an analysis of real exchange rate misalignment. Second, recent experience with exchange rate regime choice of a large number of countries was evaluated. The lessons garnered from these analyses in combination with the existing economic conditions and broad economic objectives were used in drawing the final conclusions. Even though the lessons that can be drawn from the other country experience have been far less illuminating than expected, overall findings favour a more flexible exchange rate regime for Sri Lanka
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Landstrom, Ingegerd. "Towards Collaborative Coastal Management in Sri Lanka? : A study of Special Area Management planning in Sri Lanka's coastal region." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Social and Economic Geography, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7287.
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This thesis is concerned with the efforts to bring about a greater degree of local community participation in the use and management of Sri Lanka's coastal land and natural resources. Through the application of the Special Area Management (SAM) strategy in geographically distinct areas along the coast, the aim is to create collaborative arrangements - partnerships - that will enable coastal communities and local governments to work together with the Sri Lankan state and share responsibility and authority over the management of coastal land and natural resources.
Using a political-geographical perspective that highlights the political and spatial dimensions of this shift in forms for governing the coast, the thesis seeks to identify and discuss factors that can have a bearing on the participatory dimension of collaborative coastal management in Sri Lanka. The thesis focuses particularly on factors influencing the role played by the local communities and the degree to which they actually come to share authority with respect to the use and management of coastal natural resources as envisioned in the SAM strategy.
The thesis illustrates that, despite an ambition to bring about a sharing of authority and control in costal management, this has not quite worked out in practice. Due to circumstances relating both to the SAM strategy itself and to the context in which it is implemented, the degree to which coastal communities have gained any degree of influence with respect to the management of coastal land and resources remains questionable.
The study is carried out prior to the tsunami that hit the Sri Lankan shores in December 2004. However, given the major reconstruction of Sri Lanka's coast that currently is ongoing and the controversy that surrounds it, the issues raised in this thesis are highly relevant.
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Rajapakshe, Prasanna Sisira Kumara. "Economic valuation of domestic water service : improvements in the North Central Province, Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.713693.
Full textAbstract:
Lack of access to quality water provision, unsustainable use and significant water-related health impacts give considerable challenges to water resource management hence become a central public policy issue in many developing countries. Despite the commitment at global level, demand and financing for public utility like water service improvements is lower than the societal demand, particularly in the developing world. Water sector improvements can potentially generate a wide range of socio-economic benefits hence it is important to estimate such benefits and document evidence in order to increase awareness and take correct policy decisions on domestic water management. This thesis estimates the benefits/demand for water quality and service improvements in a developing country context. The study has been conducted in the North Central Province, Sri Lanka, where majority of people depend on non-piped sources to meet the drinking and other domestic water requirements. Piped borne water supply schemes are often not available or not at an acceptable status and water related health impacts are common. Households in the area are making investments by practicing number of averting measure to improve the availability and quality of the current water supply. A Choice Experiment (CE) and Averting Behaviour Method (ABM) have been employed to estimate the benefits of water service improvements and to investigate the rural household choice of alternative water supply policy options and averting measures. Results from both approaches confirm that households (both existing piped and non-piped water users) are willing to pay substantial amounts for water service improvements, particularly for the improvement of water quality. Results of this study is also consistent with the theoretical explanations as the WTP using ABM is lower than the WTP generated from the CE analysis. Also it has found that people prefer to have lower connection fee to sign up with the piped water supply scheme and some form of repayment scheme rather than a lump sum connection fee. This suggest that introduction of flexible payment schemes might overcome a significant barrier to achieving high levels of connections in future water provisions for rural communities in the developing world. The Latent Class and Random Parameter Logit model results reveal that there is significant preference heterogeneity regarding water service improvements. Therefore, this suggests that policy initiatives relying on household financing need to be evaluated for the cost/benefit effects across diverse classes of households. The analysis also highlights that socio-economic characteristics of households and water quality parameters of existing sources are important determinants of preferences for improved piped water supply and practicing averting measures. This provides useful information for better understanding of why some respondents value improvements in water supply more than others. This study provide clear evidence that people have a strong preferences for signing up to improved piped water supply, hence the social benefits would outweigh the financial costs, and that the financial investment could be financed through private payment schemes. According to the results, provision of piped water supply would result in welfare improvements and its costs could be recovered from users sustainably. Therefore, based on the WTP estimates, this study conclude that there is a clear scope and potential for expanding the coverage of the piped water supply network as well as improving the quality and the service of the existing schemes. Investment in water infrastructure is more capital incentive, this stresses the importance of government's involvements by the means of taking measures for risk mitigating in investments and to take necessary regulatory measures for sustainable economic management of future water supply projects. However, as water is a basic requirement to sustain human life, it is recommended that any policy regarding water service improvements among the rural poor should be evaluated both based on economic efficiency criteria and based on social equity in water allocation.
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Herath, Shanaka. "The Size of the Government and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study of Sri Lanka." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2010. http://epub.wu.ac.at/2962/1/sre%2Ddisc%2D2010_05.pdf.
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The new growth theory establishes, among other things, that
government expenditure can manipulate economic growth of a country. This study attempts to explain whether government expenditure increases or decreases economic growth in the context of Sri Lanka. Results obtained applying an analytical framework based on time series and
second degree polynomial regressions are generally consistent with previous findings: government expenditure and economic growth are positively correlated; excessive government expenditure is negatively correlated with economic growth; and an open economy promotes growth.
In a separate section, the paper examines Armey's (1995) idea of a quadratic curve that explains the level of government expenditure in an economy and the corresponding level of economic growth. The findings confirm the possibility of constructing the Armey curve for Sri Lanka, and it estimates the optimal level of government expenditure to be approximately 27 per cent. This paper adds to the literature indicating that the Armey curve is a reality not only for developed economies, but
also for developing economies.(author's abstract)Series: SRE - Discussion Papers
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Ruwanpura, Kanchana Nimali. "Matrilineal communities, patriarchal realities : female-headship in eastern Sri Lanka : a feminist economic reading." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273402.
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Talbert, Meredith Corea. "Understanding Sand Mining on the Maha Oya: The Conflict Between Economic and Environmental Survival." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/522.
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River sand mining from the Maha Oya is the main source of income and a force that drives economic activity for residents along the river. This study takes place in Sri Lanka, there are three villages included in this project: Jambugaswatte, Janituspuraya and Thoppuwa. In Sri Lanka, sand serves as the main building material. It is used to make bricks, tiles, asphalt and concrete, therefore demanding a high market value. However, the over-extraction of sand comes along with significant environmental problems. These communities depend on the river in many ways and the health of the river directly corresponds to the health of the ecosystem as a whole. Along the Maha Oya two important elements of survival are in conflict with one another: residents simultaneously need a healthy, thriving ecosystem to live in, as well as economic opportunities. With support from the Environmental Foundation Ltd. (EFL)--a Sri Lankan environmental justice NGO--this study focuses on the complex situation with sand mining on the Maha Oya. Data for this study comes from fifteen formal interviews with a Sinhala-English translator. These interviews are used to address the two research questions for this project: how do village residents along the Maha Oya perceive sand mining? And what are the emotional, practical and theoretical responses of village residents to the effects of sand mining on their local ecosystems? In order to envision a sustainable future, it is vital to begin with a clear understanding of community perceptions of these complex issues, which are at the heart of this project.
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Friedheim, Thomas. "An industrial organization approach towards the world tea economy with special focus on auction theory and futures markets (Sri Lanka, India, Indonesia) /." Saarbrücken : Verlag für Entwicklungspolitik Saarbrücken, 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/36240851.html.
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Toncarová, Alena. "Srí Lanka – ekonomika a postavení na trhu mezinárodního cestovního ruchu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-358843.
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This diploma thesis deals with the economy and the position of Sri Lanka in the international tourism market. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the performance of Sri Lankan economy and the country's position in the international tourism market. The thesis also concentrates on assessing the competitiveness of both the economy and the tourism industry. The development of the country is analyzed since the end of the civil war. The first chapter theoretically defines key concepts related to the issue of international tourism. The second chapter deals with the economy of Sri Lanka. Firstly, the structure of economy is introduced. Secondly, macroeconomic indicators and international trade are assessed and thirdly, the competitiveness of Sri Lankan economy is analyzed. The third chapter deals with tourism in Sri Lanka. After the presentation of tourism preconditions, the economic characteristics of the sector and of its impact on the national economy follow. The organizational structure and the tourism competitiveness are evaluated afterwards. Finally, SWOT analysis of the tourism industry in Sri Lanka is conducted.
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Jayamaha, Ranee. "The monetary transmission mechanism in Sri Lanka 1977-1985 : a macro simulation approach to the modelling of the money supply process and the construction of an analytical framework for monetary management." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4341.
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The primary objective of this thesis is to analyse the relationship between money and the macro-economy in Sri Lanka between 1977 and 1985, in order to identify the paths through which monetary policy impulses are transmitted over this period. In doing so, - we also hope to highlight the use of macro-simulation as a tool for the analysis of the monetary transmission mechanism and to emphasise the importance of formulating monetary policy within an explicit monetary control framework. This is especially important in Sri Lanka since monetary policy has been a key instrument of demand management since 1977 and historically there has been a noticeable absence of an explicit monetary control framework. Empirical research on the monetary transmission mechanism has been very limited as far as developing countries are concerned. An exception here is the SEACEN (1981) study which simulates the effects of monetary shocks on a number of South East Asian countries, including Sri Lanka, using a flexible monetarist approach. Our research is based upon a revision of the specification of this model for Sri Lanka and a more comprehensive disaggregation of the monetary transmission channels. Our empirical model produces statistical results which are generally acceptable and conform to a Priori expectations. This model is then simulated dynamically, both, to validate the equations in the context of a complete model and to quantify the impact of alternative policy scenarios relating to the monetary transmission mechanism in Sri Lanka. We believe that our results will help to shed light on the nature of the monetary transmission mechanism in developing countries as well as provide the basis for an on-going analysis of monetary management in Sri Lanka.
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Gunawardena, U. A. D. P. "Economic evaluation of conservation benefits : a case study of Sinharaja Rain Forest Reserve in Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.651873.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid degradation of forest due to direct exploitation and conversion into other land uses is the major problem faced by the forestry sector of Sri Lanka. The negligence of the economics of environmental aspects is one of the major reasons for this problem. The timber value has widely been recognised as the only value held by forests, while many goods and services provided by forests are not being identified, quantified or valued. Conservation values of forests have not been evaluated either at local or global levels resulting in under-investment in conservation. Therefore, the valuing of yet unrecognised values and incorporating them in decision making have been identified as priority needs. In order to reach this goal, an economic evaluation was carried out for the conservation project of Sinharaja Rain Forest Reserve in Sri Lanka. The main objectives were to calculate the total economic value of the forest, recognise the variability patterns of use and nonuse values with the location, and compare nonuse values held by Sri Lankans and UK citizens for this particular rain forest. A contingent valuation survey was carried out to estimate willingness to pay for the use and non-use benefits of the forest using three samples of people (urban and rural areas distant to the forest and peripheral villages to the forest) in Sri Lanka and a group of respondents from UK. The quantification of use values of villagers was done by a survey of village respondents. The resultant willingness to pay estimates were consistent with the theory. When expressed as a percentage of income, clear differences were evident among the four samples for use and non-use values. On average, local villagers were willing to bid proportionately high percentage of their income to preserve the forest for future generations. This figure was much less for urban and rural Sri Lankans, and even lower for UK residents. There is a considerable dependency of villagers on the forest for non timber forest products. The benefits of conservation well exceed the costs as shown by positive net present value.
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Fernando, Mirisage Telespher Neil. "An economic analysis of factors affecting the adoption of coconut-based intercropping systems in Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU093676.
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This study analyses the effect of socio-economic and communicative factors, farm-level resource constraints, and government policies on the adoption of coconut-based intercropping (CBI) in Sri Lanka. This practice was introduced 20 years ago to overcome the two main limitations of traditional coconut monocropping inefficient land use and low incomes to farmers, but it has not been widely adopted. Benefit-cost, multiple regression, and categorical data analysis, and an assessment of constraints on CBI adoption using a multiperiod linear programming (MLP) model of three farmer groups, categorised using cluster analysis, were carried out using data collected from a farmer survey, on-farm CBI trials and from secondary sources. The economic analysis reveals that CBI gives higher returns per hectare than coconut monocrops, but the benefit-cost ratio, and returns to both labour and working capital of some CBI systems, are lower than those of monocrops. The multiple regression and categorical data analyses indicate that the adoption of CBI is positively influenced by the availability of labour and cash, and by extension contacts, while it is negatively affected by rice cultivation. The MLP model results reveal that an expansion of CBI is mainly constrained by seasonal labour shortages for all farmer groups, particularly the high-income group, and by the scarcity of cash in the case of resource-poor farmers. CBI policies aimed at subsidising inputs or intercrop prices are not likely to be efficient in raising adoption, but alternative policies aimed at alleviating resource constraints would be more effective. The high risks and management demands associated with CBI also affect its adoption because of the diverse activities of coconut farmers. The less risky and reduced management demands of monocropping appear to meet the needs of the many coconut farmers with outside interests.
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Silvia, Ginige Amala Chandini de. "The determinants of private consumption and the impact of fiscal policy : a study of Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262002.
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Senadeerage, Chamila T. "Modelling International Tourism Demand and Implications of Its Volatility for Sri Lanka at a Disaggregate Level." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/401451.
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In some developing countries, tourism-led economic development strategies have been used to accelerate growth, generate employment opportunities, increase foreign exchange earnings and poverty reduction. To maximise benefits from tourism, appropriate policy decisions, infrastructure development and conducive business environments need to be developed. In order to make correct policy decisions, detailed studies on the demand side of tourism are needed in these countries. Sri Lanka is used as a case study in this thesis as it has identified tourism as a driving force of economic development since the end of the three decades war in May 2009. The thesis consists of four studies examining various aspects of tourism demand with an intention of providing policy inputs for tourism planning and management.
The main purpose of the first study was to develop reliable and accurate forecasting models for total international arrivals in Sri Lanka and its top 10 source countries, using Seasonal Autoregresive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) method and monthly arrival data. Results demonstrate that (a) achieving Sri Lankan Government’s forecast of four million tourist arrivals by 2020 is highly unlikely, (b) accurate forecasting is necessary for tourism strategies and planning, and (c) the SARIMA method provides accurate forecasts in the presence of seasonality.
The second study investigated whether political violence affects the persistence of volatility and the interdependencies between source markets using Autoregresive Integrated Moving Average – Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARIMA-GARCH) and Autoregresive Integrated Moving Average- Glosten-Jagannathan-Runkle GARCH (ARIMA-GJR) models, and Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) GARCH (1,1) models. The major findings of this study include that political violence leads to higher volatility and asymmetric effects, and that interdependencies between source markets are time-varying. Political violence creates more fluctuations in the dynamic correlation. Asian source markets, except Japan, show the lowest interdependencies with other countries, while advanced countries exhibit higher interdependencies.
The main purpose of the third study was to investigate the impact of institutional quality and globalisation factors on various types of tourism demand using panel data analysis of the annual data of 29 source countries. The analysis reveals that economic freedom is a significant determinant of leisure, Visiting, Friends and Relatives (VFR) and business tourism demand; whereas civil liberty is significant only for leisure and business tourism demand. This indicates the importance of a long-term approach to institutional reforms aiming at achieving higher levels of economic freedom and political freedom to develop the tourism industry, while taking measures to achieve political stability and lower political risk for tourism development. Our results confirm that trade between the destination country and origin country is positively related to other types of tourism such as leisure and VFR tourism, apart from business tourism. Furthermore, strong evidence was found that migration stock is positively related to VFR tourism only. The government and destination managers should take migration trends into account in tourism planning. Moreover, disaggregate study of demand is required and depending on aggregate tourism demand models could lead to false conclusions
The main purpose of the fourth study was to identify the spillover effects of tourism demand among Sri Lanka, India and the Maldives using monthly data from January 2001 to September 2019. Evidence for spillover effects was found. These findings have important implications for policies. Firstly, as the Maldives and Sri Lanka are complementary destinations for international tourists, tour operators and government agencies from each country could work closely together in other countries when it comes to promoting and marketing tourism products. Moreover, joint tour packages which included attractions in both countries could be introduced. And the same is valid for the Maldives and Kerala.
The findings from these studies are useful for government agencies and private establishments in the industry for their policy making, designing of promotional campaigns, and planning of infrastructure.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Herath, Mudiyanselage Anura Lokubandara. "Economic analysis of production opportunities, constraints and improvement policies in coconut-based farming systems in Sri Lanka." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46817.
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Dissanayake, Tissa Kumara. "Alleviating the Disparities of Resource Allocation for Education in Sri Lanka| Towards a Possible Macro-Economic Growth." Thesis, Franklin Pierce University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3731245.
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The main purpose of this study is the examination of how, an equitable distribution of educational resources would factor in as a contributor to more favorable economic growth of Sri Lanka. If the better facilities, and additional educational resources, offered to urban communities are extended to the rural sector that will increase human productivity, leading in turn, to macro-economic growth and economic development. I have derived and tabulated pertinent statistical data so as to answer the research questions entailed by my inquiry. That has been followed by the conclusions and recommendations sections. Qualitative methods were used to interview rural communities with the aim of analyzing their concerns, anxieties and trepidations from a variety of perspectives involving politics, economics, psychology, sociology and culture. A detailed description of inequitable educational resource distribution among rural communities is included in the document which shows the negative impacts to the macro-economic growth of short-sighted and irrational practices. Thereafter, the study has focused on the lack of leadership characteristics of Sri Lankan political policy makers.
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Nawinna, Dasuni Priyanwada. "The Role of Social Capital and ICTs in Inter-Organizational Collaboration in a Developing Economy: An Empirical Study of the Finance Industry in Sri Lanka." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/57564.
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This empirical study develops a theory of how ICT enabled social capital affects interfirm strategic collaboration and performance, through structural modelling approach using survey-data and secondary-data from the Srilankan banking industry. The results suggest multiple dimensions of social-capital positively influence interbank collaboration and performance, and that ICTs, firm-size, age, gender-ratio of directors, ownership, culture, organization structure and previous experience strengthen such effects. The study contributes to a holistic perspective incorporating social, technical and organisational aspects.
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Gunathilaka, R. P. Dayani. "Economic impacts of climate change on perennial plantation tree crops: the case of tea production in Sri Lanka." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/377583.
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Agriculture is one sector of the economy which is highly vulnerable to climate change because of the natural relationship between environment, particularly temperature and water availability, and agricultural productivity. Changing climate is increasingly affecting high-value perennial plantation crops such as tea, rubber, coconut, palm oil, and coffee which generate significant export revenues and provide a major source of employment for rural populations in developing countries. Many studies in the literature have focused on climate change impacts on major annual crops; however, to date, there have been very few assessments of the economic impacts of climate change on perennial plantation agriculture. This thesis therefore seeks to estimate the impacts of climate change on two important aspects of plantation agriculture - crop production and labour demand - for the case of the tea plantation sector in Sri Lanka, as an example of a high-value perennial plantation crop in a developing country. The thesis also aims to identify enablers and barriers of adaptation to climate change for this sector of Sri Lanka’s economy.
The impacts of climate change on production in Sri Lanka’s tea plantations are studied at estate-level (the primary decision making production unit) across all of the country’s tea growing regions using monthly resolution primary data for the period 2000-2014. The study employs a novel two-stage panel data approach to analyse weather and climate change effects on tea production and then to estimate production impacts for the short-, medium- and long-term future under three different global emissions scenarios. These analyses indicate that a hotter and wetter climate will have a detrimental effect on production. In high, medium and low emissions futures, the predictions show a negative proportional impact on production from increased rainfall and increased average temperature. On average across the data sample, a 12% decline in annual tea production is predicted under a high emissions scenario by 2050.
The impacts of climate change on labour demand in tea plantations in Sri Lanka are investigated by implementing a panel structural model of profit maximisation based on a normalised quadratic functional form. The analysis uses historical primary data on estate profits, input prices and output prices, together with monsoonal rainfall, temperature and wet days for years between 2002-2014 to quantify climate impacts on estates’ demand for labour. Anticipated changes in rainfall are predicted to reduce annual labour demand by 2.6% across the tea plantation sector. This could have considerable social and welfare implications, particularly for the Indian Tamil women who comprise the majority of the sector’s workforce.
Plantation agriculture is likely to be highly vulnerable to climate change because of its reliance on rain-fed production, long economic life span and the inability to easily switch crops due to high upfront capital costs. These distinct differences between annual and perennial agriculture, and the important role which plantation cropping plays in developing world agriculture, suggest that it is important to identify factors which affect choice of climate adaptation options in perennial crop production. Comprehensive knowledge of available adaptation options is of utmost importance if Sri Lanka’s tea estate managers are to counteract production losses from climate change and maintain their competitiveness in the international market. This is also vital for efficient and effective channeling of society’s resources to address the consequences of climate change. Employing data derived from face-to-face interviews with 50 tea estate managers in Sri Lanka, this study examines factors affecting choice of preferred adaptation options, barriers to adaptation and associated policy implications for tea production in Sri Lanka, as an example of a perennial tree crop system in a developing country.
Tea estate managers are already adapting to a changing climate; however, particular adaptation methods are only adopted in some situations and locations. Multinomial logit analysis of data from estate manager interviews indicates that availability of information on climate change, company size, tea growing elevation, and observed increases in temperature and rainfall are key factors influencing the choice of preferred adaptation option. Analysis also finds that barriers such as a lack capital, inadequate access to near-term and medium-term climate knowledge, and poor governmental and institutional support may prevent estate managers from experimenting with new adaptation options. Policies should, therefore, be aimed at promoting new adaptation options through information exchange between stakeholders and integrating climate change adaptation with Sri Lanka’s national sustainable developmental goals. The primary message of the adaptation analysis in this study is that governmental and institutional support and involvement are critical requirements for facilitating effective adaptation.
Findings from the thesis will help inform decision makers of the likely impacts of climate change on plantation cropping systems, and provide insights into barriers to adaptation and potential policy responses to improve the effectiveness of adaptation.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Bergquist, Daniel A. "Colonised Coasts : Aquaculture and Emergy Flows in the World System: Cases from Sri Lanka and the Philippines." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Department of Social and Economic Geography, Uppsala University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8412.
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Colombage, S. S. "The role of exchange rate policies in the balance of payments adjustment process in a small open developing economy : A case study of Sri Lanka (1948-1982)." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374588.
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