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1
Pokamestov, Il'ya, Anna Gamilovskaya, Mihal Lednev, Viktoriya Frolova, and Grigoriy Chvanov. Refinancing of trade loans - technologies and financial models. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2144525.
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The monographs outline the theoretical and methodological foundations of refinancing trade loans, researching technologies and financial models of such transactions in the innovative economy of various sectors. The features of trade loans, methods of assessing and managing risks in operations of this kind and combating fraud in the trade finance system are highlighted. Rating models and risk management algorithms are used in this area, in particular in factor transactions and functionality.
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Paton, B. Functionalism and cognitivism: Two hypotheses of literacy and development. Ottawa, Ont., Canada: University of Ottawa, Institute for International Development and Co-operation, 1985.
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Börzel, Tanja A. The disparity of European intergration: Revisiting neofunctionalism in honour of Ernst B. Haas. New York: Routledge, 2005.
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Kazakova, Nataliya. Financial security of the company. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1908969.
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The textbook provides theoretical and practical training of business analysts on the financial security of companies. Considers the regulatory legal and methodological basis for the diagnosis of bankruptcy of organizations, as well as corporate fraud as a type of economic crimes; analytical tools for assessing the level of financial security based on a risk-oriented approach, the basics of building an internal financial security control system, including monitoring of the company's business processes affecting its financial security, as well as methods for assessing the risks of corporate fraud. The methods of diagnostics of the processes of companies' activities that contribute to improving their financial security through the introduction of a comprehensive digital environment, predictive analytics and big data technology into the control and diagnostic processes of business management are considered. Each chapter includes knowledge assessment questions, tests and situational tasks.
It complies with the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation, is focused on the competence model of the main professional educational programs, and also provides the functionality (requirements for labor functions) of employees laid down in the state professional standard "Business Analyst".
For master's degree students studying in the areas of 38.04.01 "Economics", 38.04.02 "Management", 38.04.08 "Finance and Credit".
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(Editor), Lucian M. Ashworth, and David Long (Editor), eds. New Perspectives on International Functionalism (International Political Economy). Palgrave Macmillan, 1998.
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Majumdar, Sumit K. Final Thoughts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199641994.003.0009.
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The chapter sums up the evidence and concludes that India’s industrial performance has been sub-par. Given India’s uninspiring industrial performance, three ameliorative reforms, an administrative reform, a structural reform, and a behavioral reform, are put forward. Since talent management is a critical administrative functionality of capitalism, an Indian Management Service would fill key strategic management positions in State firms to deepen the human capital pool for strategic management in the State sector. State sector firms’ ownership could be restructured. An autonomous India Public Investment Authority would be the agency for share-vesting and portfolio management. The India Public Investment Authority would own controlling stakes, while granting strategic and operational autonomy to the firms. A message of economic nationalism, on the theme that a productive industrial India will be a prosperous India, has to stir a consciousness for Indians to change behavior to achieve the efficiency needed for India’s economy to prosper.
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Lopotenco, Viorica. DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEW INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL ARCHITECTURE AT THE NATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEMS LEVEL. RS Global S. z O.O., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal/027.
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The fundamental purpose of this paper is to analyze the transformations in the international financial architecture and their impact on the national financial system. The analysis of the international financial architecture's functioning mechanism suggests its similarity with the software system structure. It is static in the way the system functionality is decomposed and divided into implementation teams. The efficiency of international financial architecture's functioning depends mainly on how balanced and interconnected its elements are. Thus, according to systems theory, only by overcoming the deformation of the international financial architecture at all its levels, it is possible to increase the financial system's overall performance. In this regard, maintaining a dynamic balance in the development of the international financial architecture as an integral unit of its structural elements and functions is becoming of urgent importance. This aspect of the research allows the creation of an instrumental and methodological basis for forecasting the directions for further developing the international financial architecture in the context of the globalization of the world economy at the national financial systems level. This study concludes that the complex solution of the international financial architecture challenges involves creating the foundations for implementing progressive structural changes in the economy and contributing to sustainable economic development.
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Bentivegna, Thomas. Innovation Network Functionality: The Identification and Categorization of Multiple Innovation Networks. Springer Gabler. in Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, 2013.
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Innovation Network Functionality The Identification And Categorization Of Multiple Innovation Networks. Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH &, 2013.
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Kokkinos, Theodore. Economic Structure-functionalism In European Unification And Globalization Of The Economies. Peter Lang Pub Inc, 2000.
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Sewell, James Patrick. Functionalism and World Politics: A Study Based on United Nations Programs Financing Economic Development. Princeton University Press, 2016.
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Sewell, James Patrick. Functionalism and World Politics: A Study Based on United Nations Programs Financing Economic Development. Princeton University Press, 2015.
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Shakai shisutemu-ron. Nihon Hyoronsha, 1990.
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Peters, B. Guy. 2. Approaches in comparative politics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198737421.003.0004.
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This chapter examines five main approaches in comparative politics that represent important contributions: old and new institutional analysis, interest approach, ideas approach, individual approach, and the influence of the international environment. The role of ‘interaction’ is also explored. After explaining the use of theory in comparative political analysis, the chapter considers structural functionalism, systems theory, Marxism, corporatism, institutionalism, governance, and comparative political economy. It also discusses behavioural and rational choice approaches, how political culture helps to understand political behaviour in different countries, self-interest in politics, and the implications of globalization for comparative politics. The chapter concludes by assessing the importance of looking at political processes and of defining what the ‘dependent variables’ are.
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Beller, Steven. 7. Consequences. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198724834.003.0007.
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The shift from persecution and expulsion of Jews to industrially organized genocide marked a dramatic escalation of Nazi policy. ‘Consequences’ shows that central to any explanation for the Holocaust was the intentionalist and ideological motivation of the extreme racial antisemitism of Hitler and the Nazi leadership; but another vital enabling factor was the more functionalist role of self-interested instrumental rationality, or opportunism, and lack of resistance of the German populace. Nazi antisemitic policies proceeded by default. The Holocaust was enabled by many modern elements: bureaucratic efficiency, rational organization, anonymity, economic incentivization, and the employment of various technological innovations.
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Alperson, Philip. Musical Improvisation and the Philosophy of Music. Edited by George E. Lewis and Benjamin Piekut. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195370935.013.001.
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This chapter argues that the prevailing orienting concepts and tenets of contemporary philosophy of music—the centrality of aesthetic objects, the assumption of the mono-functionality of music, the paradigm of European classical music, and the spectatorialist perspective—do not provide the basis for an adequate understanding of musical improvisation. The essays calls for a more robust philosophical consideration of the gamut of improvisational activity, including the aesthetic aspects of musical improvisation, the range of musical and social skills made manifest by improvisers, and the deeper social meanings of the practice, including the implicit reference to human freedom and situated meanings that arise from the national, ethnic, racial, gendered, and socio-economic contexts in which the music arises. Such a view would be theoretically nuanced, empirically informed, phenomenologically sensitive, and ineliminably indexed to the manifold ways in which improvised music situates itself in the complex of human affairs.
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Douglas, Gordon C. C. Pop-Up Planning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190691332.003.0006.
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Chapter 6 looks at the world of official urban planning and placemaking, providing different perspectives on its relationship to DIY urbanism. Through the voices of professional planners, the chapter explores their conflicted opinions on DIY approaches: criticizing their informality and emphasizing the importance of regulations and accountability for everything from basic functionality to social equity, yet sympathetic to do-it-yourselfers’ frustrations and often excited to adopt their tactics, harness their energy, and exploit their cultural value. The chapter then describes how some DIY projects have found pathways to formal adoption and inspired popular “tactical urbanism” and “creative placemaking” approaches to public space design. Many such interventions can result in innovative public spaces with social, environmental, and economic benefits. But the reproduction of an aesthetic experience selectively inspired by a hip grassroots trend and combined with “creative class” values can mark the resulting spaces themselves as elite and exclusionary.
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van Kersbergen, Kees, and Philip Manow. 21. The welfare state. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198737421.003.0023.
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This chapter examines the emergence, expansion, variation, and transformation of the welfare state. It first considers the meaning of the welfare state before discussing three perspectives that explain the emergence of the welfare state: functionalist approach, class mobilization approach, and a literature emphasizing the impact of state institutions and the relative autonomy of bureaucratic elites. It then describes the expansion of the welfare state, taking into account the impact of social democracy, neocorporatism and the international economy, risk redistribution, Christian democracy and Catholic social doctrine, and secular trends. It also explores variations among developed welfare states as well as the effects of the welfare state and concludes with an analysis of the challenges and dynamics of contemporary welfare states. The chapter shows that the welfare state is a democratic state that guarantees social protection as a right attached to citizenship.
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Forlenza, Rosario. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817444.003.0008.
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The Conclusion contrasts the dominant structuralist and functionalist approaches to democracy and democratization, with the concept of the passage to democracy as an endogenous process of historical and symbolic articulation, and as the symbolization of lived experiences that engender transformations in consciousness, meanings, and beliefs. Rather than assuming a universal and externally determined model for the democratic process, it makes use of the Italian case to argue that democracy is a lengthy and ongoing narrative, and a process of meaning-formation in the context of political and existential uncertainty. Democratizing processes are determined not by socio-economic and cultural factors, not by the pursuit of strategies by the elites, but by a complex interweaving of individual and collective reaction to revolution, war, and dictatorship.
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Rizzo, Matteo. Taken for a Ride. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794240.003.0001.
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The chapter starts by describing public transport in Dar es Salaam as ‘functional chaos’. It then critically reviews two thematic literatures, on African cities and on their informal economies, to reveal that references to chaos, dystopia, and their opposites, order and functionalism, are common. The key argument is that a highly contextual understanding of urban informality and of how African cities work is required to avoid overly deterministic structural accounts and romantic celebration of African agency without due attention to structural constraints. The chapter presents the book’s approach: namely a political-economy analysis, centred on class analysis and wary of automatically reading off the political interests of actors from their class position. It argues that neoliberalism and post-socialism are key to understanding Tanzania and public transport in Dar es Salaam, and calls for grounding ‘actually existing neoliberalism’ in a particular context while retaining the analytical power of the concept of neoliberalism.
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Alexander, Jeffrey C., Ronald N. Jacobs, and Philip Smith. Introduction: Cultural Sociology Today. Edited by Jeffrey C. Alexander, Ronald N. Jacobs, and Philip Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195377767.013.1.
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This article introduces the reader to the current status of cultural sociology as a specific mode of inquiry. It first discusses the pre-history of cultural sociology, tracing its origins in the demise of Parsonian functionalism from the mid-1960s onward, the cultural turn in sociology through the 1980s, and the emergence of an increasingly confident cultural sociology as an alternative paradigm to the once dominant sociology of culture. The article then considers the impact of cultural sociology, especially on well-established research areas such as economic sociology. It also examines the tensions marking “best practices” in contemporary cultural sociology as a dimension of social life, including the tension between discourse and materiality, the link between public ritual and everyday life, and the question of method and epistemology.
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Wornalkiewicz, Władysław, and Roman Szarawara. Techniki rozwiązań optymalizacyjnych. Poltava Institute of Economics and Law of the Open International University of Human Development "Ukraine", 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36994/978-966-388-674-9-2023-243.
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The optimization of economic and management decisions is making its way faster and faster. IT tools in this area are becoming generally available in a number of packages. This is an incentive to conduct optimization exercises with students of economics and other faculties directly on their increasingly better laptops. This skill is then easily transferred to the practice of companies where graduates of specific universities work or take up employment. This book presents specific examples of the use of popular computer applications such as: Excel Solver, WinQSB modules, Promethee-Gaia, optimization module in the R package. An introduction to more complex procedures for formulating decision-making tasks, to the mentioned programs, are presented in the initial chapters of this book. , teaching examples using primarily the capabilities of Solver and the fairly extensive functionality of the WinQSB package. After mastering the IT technique of simpler optimization tasks, the reader can undertake testing of the traveling salesman problems, transport routing, or optimization of logistics services presented in this study. However, efficient formulation of decision-making tasks requires preparation in econometric modeling and procedures for improving management processes, hence publications, among others, in this field are presented as a supplement.
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La causalité en économie: Signification et portée de la modélisation structurelle. Lyon: Presses universitaires de Lyon, 1985.
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24
Hartmann, Douglas. Sport and Social Theory. Edited by Robert Edelman and Wayne Wilson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199858910.013.11.
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This chapter provides an overview of how major social theories, both classical and contemporary, can help organize and enrich the historical study of sport. Classical frameworks discussed include the functionalism associated with Émile Durkheim, Max Weber’s rationalization, and the economic and capitalist critiques that originated with Karl Marx. More contemporary bodies of work include symbolic interactionism, dramaturgical and semiotic approaches, feminist and critical race theories, and the grand syntheses of Pierre Bourdieu. Throughout, it is argued that these theoretical resources reveal the socially constructed and historically contingent nature of modern sporting forms, establish the importance of situating sport in its broader social contexts, and highlight the role and significance of sport in contemporary life. The chapter concludes by suggesting that closer theoretical engagement not only improves the quality of sport history but can help bring the study of sport more to the center of all social research and cultural critique.
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Laursen, Finn. The Founding Treaties of the European Union and Their Reform. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.151.
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Today’s European Union (EU) is based on treaties negotiated and ratified by the member states. They form a kind of “constitution” for the Union. The first three treaties, the Treaty of Paris, creating the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951, and the two Treaties of Rome, creating the European Economic Community (EEC) and European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) in 1957, were the founding treaties. They were subsequently reformed several times by new treaties, including the Treaty of Maastricht, which created the European Union in 1992. The latest major treaty reform was the Treaty of Lisbon, which entered into force in 2009. Scholarship concerning these treaties has evolved over time. In the early years, it was mostly lawyers writing about the treaties, but soon historians and political scientists also took an interest in these novel constructions in Europe. Interestingly, American political scientists were the first to develop theories of European integration; foremost among these was Ernst Haas, whose 1958 book The Uniting of Europe developed the theory later referred to as neo-functionalism. The sector on integration of coal and steel would have an expansive logic. There would be a process of “spill-over,” which would lead to more integration.It turned out that integration was less of an automatic process than suggested by Haas and his followers. When integration slowed down in the 1970s, many political scientists lost interest and turned their attention elsewhere. It was only in the 1980s, when the internal market program gave European integration a new momentum that political scientists began studying European integration again from theoretical perspectives. The negotiation and entry into force of the Single European Act (SEA) in the mid-1980s led to many new studies, including by American political scientist Andrew Moravcsik. His study of the SEA included a critique of neo-functionalism that created much debate. Eventually, in an article in the early 1990s, he called his approach “liberal intergovernmentalism.” It took final form in 1998 in the book The Choice for Europe. According to Moravcsik, to understand major historic decisions—including new treaties—we need to focus on national preferences and interstate bargaining.The study of treaty reforms, from the SEA to the Lisbon Treaty, conducted by political scientists—including the treaties of Maastricht, Amsterdam, and Nice—have often contrasted neo-functionalism and liberal intergovernmentalism. But other approaches and theories were developed, including various institutionalist and social constructivist frameworks. No consensus has emerged, so the scholarly debates continue.
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Kim, Djun Kil. The History of Korea. 2nd ed. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400664984.
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This revised edition examines North and South Korea's political, socio-economic, and cultural history from the Neolithic period to the early 21st century, including issues of recent political unrest and preparations for the 2018 Winter Olympics. Korea continues to be featured in the news, especially after the succession of Kim Jong-un as leader of North Korea and his threats of nuclear attack. Yet the reported instability of the North is contrasted by the rapid modernization revolution of the South. Author Djun Kil Kim analyzes how tragic experiences in the regions' collective history—particularly Japanese colonial rule and the division of the country—have contributed to the dichotomous state of affairs in the Koreas. This comprehensive overview traces the development of two contradistinctive nations—North and South Korea—with communism in the north and democracy and industrialization in the south transforming the geopolitical and geo-economic condition of each area. Author Kim explores specific doctrines that revolutionized Korea: Buddhism and Neo-Confucianism in the mid-7th and the late 14th centuries; and communism and American functionalism in the 20th century. The second edition includes an updated timeline, new biographical sketches of notable people, and an additional chapter covering the events of 2004 through the present day.
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Anderson, Greg. Our Athenian Yesterdays. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886646.003.0002.
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Part One (“Losing Athens in Translation”) begins by introducing the case study, surveying “democratic Athens,” the consensus modern account of the “way of life” (politeia) which the Athenians called demokratia. This account is a conventional historicist construct, one that forces non-modern experiences to comply with a standard modern template of social being. It thus objectifies the polis as a disenchanted, functionally differentiated terrain inhabited by natural, pre-social individuals. Here, experience is neatly compartmentalized into discrete “orders,” “realms” or “fields,” such as the material and the ideational, the natural and the cultural, sacred and secular, public and private, the political, the social, the economic, and the religious. Athenian demokratia is duly historicized as “democracy,” as a specialist political system which bore a family resemblance to the liberal, egalitarian governments of our own time. And order in Athens is then assumed to radiate out from this male-dominated political system over all other societal fields and realms. As the following chapters will show, there are significant problems with this “democratic Athens” account.
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Designing One Nation: The Politics of Economic Culture and Trade in Divided Germany, 1945-1990. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2020.
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Phillips, Lawrence M., and Leslee J. Shaw. Cost Effectiveness of Imaging with Nuclear Cardiology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392094.003.0032.
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This chapter focuses on the economic data available for cardiovascular (CV) imaging. The total costs of testing are substantively lower than those associated with invasive procedures. There are several ongoing randomized trials, such as the PROMISE trial, that may further add to our evidence base on the cost implications of CV imaging. Data for stress nuclear cardiology supports its utility in terms of a high prognostic accuracy and that this test is economically attractive; notably for patients with a high likelihood of coronary artery disease. Data also supports that this benefit does not only include patients with known coronary artery disease but also the high likelihood subsets of the elderly or functionally impaired where ischemic findings play a fundamental role in ischemia-guided management. Importantly, more recent data support that alternative testing strategies have reduced cost in subsets of patients including lower risk women with stable chest pain and in the acute evaluation of low risk chest pain in the ED. Negative evidence is extremely important for the field of CV imaging and this more recent data should be embraced as defining our limitations in nuclear cardiology.
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Gil-Egui, Gisela. E-Government. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.162.
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E-government refers to a set of public administration and governance goals and practices involving information and communication technologies (ICTs). It utilizes such technologies to serve public agencies’ external audiences and constituents. However, the scope of that service is the subject of much debate and, consequently, no consensual definition of e-government had been formulated. The prehistory of e-government resonates with assumptions from the “new public management” (NPM), which proposed a restructuring of governmental agencies by adopting a market-based approach to ensure cost efficiencies in the public sector. Coined in the mid-1990s, the notion of e-government as equivalent to better government, economic growth, human development, and the knowledge society in general was quickly and uncritically accepted by practitioners and scholars alike. As scholars from different disciplines, including politics communication and sociology, paid increasing attention to the intersections of structural factors, hardware, and culture in the adoption and use of ICTs, research on e-government began to show some diversification. By the twenty-first century, the number of e-government websites from local and national administrations has grown sufficiently to allow some generalizations based on empirical observation. Meanwhile critical and comprehensive approaches to e-government frequently adopt a critical stance to denounce oversimplifications, determinisms, and omissions in the formulation of e-governance projects, as well as in the evaluation, adoption, and assessment of e-government effectiveness. Beyond the particularities of each emerging technology, reflection on the intersections between ICTs and government is moving away from an exclusive focus on hardware and functionality, to consider broader questions on governance.
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Reginster, Bernard. The Will to Nothingness. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868903.001.0001.
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In the present study, I develop an interpretation of the critical approach to morality (especially Christian morality), which Nietzsche develops in On the Genealogy of Morality. My approach is framed by his characterization of its three essays as psychological studies, and more specifically as applications of his claim that moralities are “signs” or “symptoms” of the affective states of moral agents. The relation between morality and affects envisioned here is functional, rather than expressive. The genealogical inquiries are designed to show how Christian morality is well suited to serve certain emotional needs. They reveal the role played by a particular emotional need, manifested in the affect of ressentiment and the urge for revenge. This is the need to have the world reflect one’s will, which is rooted in a special drive toward power, or toward bending the world to one’s will. Revenge is plausibly understood as aiming to bolster or restore power when it is threatened, and the adoption of the conceptual apparatus of Christian morality, including its new values, is a particular way to do so: by altering the agent’s will (her values), it alters what counts as power for her. By thus revealing how it is well suited to play such a functional role in the emotional economy of moral agents, the genealogical inquiries arouse critical suspicion toward Christian morality. The use of this moral outlook as an instrument of revenge is problematic not because it is immoral, but because it is functionally self-undermining.
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Schmid, Hans-Jörg. The Dynamics of the Linguistic System. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814771.001.0001.
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This book develops a model of language which can be characterized as functionalist, usage-based, dynamic, and complex-adaptive. Its core idea is that linguistic structure is not stable and uniform, but continually refreshed and in fact reconstituted by the feedback-loop interaction of three components: usage, i.e. the interpersonal and cognitive activities of speakers in concrete communication; conventionalization, i.e. the social processes taking place in speech communities; and entrenchment, i.e. the cognitive processes taking place in the minds of individual speakers. Extending the so-called Entrenchment-and-Conventionalization Model, the book shows that what we call the Linguistic System is created, sustained, and continually adapted by the ongoing interaction between usage, conventionalization, and entrenchment. The model contributes to closing the gap in usage-based models concerning how exactly usage is transformed into collective and individual grammar and how these two grammars in turn feed back into usage. The book exploits and extends insights from an exceptionally wide range of fields, including usage-based cognitive linguistics, psycholinguistics, interactional linguistics and pragmatics, historical linguistics, sociolinguistics and the sociology and philosophy of language, as well as quantitative corpus linguistics. It makes numerous original suggestions about, among other things, how cognitive processing and representation are related and about the manifold ways in which individuals and communities contribute to shaping language and bringing about language variation and change. It presents a coherent account of the role of forces that are known to affect language structure, variation, and change, e.g. economy, efficiency, extravagance, embodiment, identity, social order, prestige, mobility, multilingualism, and language contact.